聚苯胺论文：聚苯胺-碳复合材料的制备与储能应用

聚苯胺论文：聚苯胺/碳复合材料的制备与储能应用【中文摘要】电化学超级电容器(ESC)是近年来发展起来的一种介于传统电容器和蓄电池之间的一种新型储能元件,它具有比容量高、充放电速率快、效率高,对环境无污染,循环寿命长,使用范围广等特点。

电极材料的选择对电化学电容器的制备至关重要,将碳材料与聚苯胺复合可以克服彼此的缺点,并能大大提高比容量。

本文主要研究了聚苯胺/碳复合材料的制备及电化学性能。

并采用透射电镜、扫描电镜等测试手段,对材料形貌进行了表征；采用循环伏安、恒电流充放电、循环寿命等电化学测试手段来测试材料的电化学性能。

具体研究内容如下：1.对ACF浸渍催化剂处理,然后通过化学气相沉积法(CVD)在ACF表面原位生长CNT,得到ACF/CNT复合材料,再与聚苯胺(PANI)复合,制备出CNT/ACF/PANI复合材料,通过电化学性能测试表明,CNT/ACF/PANI复合材料具有比容量大,循环稳定性好等特点,其比容量可达到158.5F·g-1(有机电解液)。

2.分别采用过滤法、界面静置法和喷涂法,将粉末状的CNT制备成碳纳米管网前驱体,探究各种因素对其导电性和力学性能的影响,确定最佳的制备方案。

3.对碳纳米管网前驱体进行一系列的后续处理,得到碳纳米管网,再分别与聚苯胺复合,制得聚苯胺/碳纳米管网前驱体复合材料和聚苯胺／碳纳米管网复合材料,电化学性能测试表明,聚苯胺/碳纳米管网复合材料具有更大的比容量、更稳定的循环性能等特性,聚苯胺/碳纳米管网复合材料的比容量可达到143.2 F·g-1(有机电解液)。

【英文摘要】In recent years, Electrochemical Super Capacitor (ESC) has been developing as a kind of new focused energy storage devices for their novel properties. These properties include high specific capacity, quick charging and discharging rate, high efficiency, environmental friendly, long life cycle and widely using fields. Electrode material selection is critical to the preparation of electrochemical capacitor, preparing carbon material and Polyaniline to be composite material could conquer the disadvantages of each other, and increase the specific capacitance.This paper mainly studied the preparation of polyaniline/carbon composites and their electrochemical properties. Morphology of the obtained composites were characterized by transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscopy, and the electrochemical performances of the obtained materials were tested by the cyclic voltammograms, galvanostaticcharging/discharging, cycles life. Specific studies are as follows:1. First, ACF was immersed in the catalyst solution, and then situ grew CNT on the surface of ACF by chemical vapor deposition(CVD), which obtained the ACF/CNT composite, at last the CNT/ACF/PANI composite was prepared by compounding the obtained material with polyaniline(PANI). The electrochemicaltests show that CNT/ACF /PANI composite has a larger specific capacity and good cycle stability, and its specific capacity can reach 158.5F·g-1(organic electrolyte).2. By filtration method, interface aside law and spraying respectively, the CNT network precursor was prepared using powder of CNT, then explored the various factors on its electrical conductivity and mechanical properties, at last determined the optimal preparative scheme.3. The CNT network was obtained by a series of follow-up processing of the CNT network precursor treatment, PANI/CNT network precursor composite and PANI/CNT network composite were prepared by compounding PANI with the CNT network precursor and the CNT network respectively. The electrochemical tests indicate that PANI/CNT network composite has a larger specific capacity and better cycle stability, and their specific capacity can reach 143.2F·g-1(organic electrolyte).【关键词】聚苯胺碳纳米管活性碳纤维碳纳米管网电化学性能比容量【英文关键词】polyaniline carbon nanotube activated carbon fiber carbon nanotube network electrochemical performance specific capacity 【目录】聚苯胺/碳复合材料的制备与储能应用摘要7-8Abstract8第1章绪论12-28 1.1 聚苯胺12-18 1.1.1 导电聚苯胺的产生12-13 1.1.2 聚苯胺的结构性质13-15 1.1.3 聚苯胺的聚合机理15-16 1.1.4 聚苯胺的导电机理16 1.1.5 聚苯胺的掺杂机理16-17 1.1.6 聚苯胺的合成方法17 1.1.7 聚苯胺的应用领域17-18 1.2 碳基材料18-22 1.2.1 碳基材料分类18-19 1.2.2 活性碳纤维的结构和性质19-20 1.2.2.1 活性碳纤维的结构19-20 1.2.2.2 活性碳纤维的性质20 1.2.3 碳纳米管的结构和性质20-22 1.2.3.1 碳纳米管的结构20-21 1.2.3.2 碳纳米管的性质21-22 1.3 聚苯胺/碳材料的研究进展及储能应用22-26 1.3.1 聚苯胺/碳纤维复合材料22-23 1.3.2 聚苯胺/碳纳米管复合材料23-26 1.4 本文的设计思路及主要内容26-28 1.4.1 设计思路26-27 1.4.2 主要内容27-28第2章实验部分28-33 2.1 实验药品及仪器28-29 2.2 超级电容器模具的设计29 2.3 复合材料电极片的制作29-30 2.4 超级电容器的组装30 2.5 复合材料的表征及性能测试30-33 2.5.1 透射电镜分析(TEM)30-31 2.5.2 扫描电镜分析(SEM)31 2.5.3 电化学性能测试31 2.5.4 双电测四探针测试仪原理31-33第3章聚苯胺/碳复合材料的制备及其电化学性能研究33-42 3.1 实验部分33-34 3.1.1 ACF及ACF/CNT材料的制备34 3.1.2 ACF/PANI及ACF/CNT/PANI复合材料的制备34 3.2 结果与讨论34-41 3.2.1 材料的形貌结构分析34-36 3.2.2 材料的循环伏安分析36-38 3.2.3 材料的恒流充放电分析38-40 3.2.4 材料的循环寿命分析40-41 3.3 本章小结41-42第4章碳纳米管网前驱体的制备及表征42-52 4.1 实验部分42-43 4.1.1 碳纳米管的制备42-43 4.1.2 碳纳米管的纯化43 4.2 碳纳米管网前驱体的制备43-46 4.2.1 过滤法制备碳纳米管网前驱体44 4.2.2 界面静置法制备碳纳米管网前驱体44-45 4.2.3 喷涂法制备碳纳米管网前驱体45-46 4.3 碳纳米管网前驱体的表征及性能测试46-51 4.3.1 过滤法制备碳纳米管网前驱体的形貌表征46-47 4.3.2 过滤法制备碳纳米管网前驱体的电学性能47-50 4.3.3 过滤法制备碳纳米管网前驱体的力学性能50-51 4.4 本章小结51-52第5章聚苯胺/碳纳米管网复合材料的制备及表征52-62 5.1 实验部分52-58 5.1.1 碳纳米管网前驱体的后续处理过程52-53 5.1.1.1 浸渍法处理碳纳米管网前驱体52-53 5.1.1.2 高温热处理碳纳米管网前驱体53 5.1.2 浸渍时间和高温热处理时间对碳纳米管网前驱体导电性能的影响53-56 5.1.2.1 浸渍时间对碳纳米管网前驱体导电性能的影响53-55 5.1.2.2 高温热处理时间对碳纳米管网前驱体导电性能的影响55-56 5.1.3 碳纳米管网前驱体的后续处理56-57 5.1.4 后续处理过程对碳纳米管网前驱体性能的影响57 5.1.5 聚苯胺/碳纳米管网复合材料的制备57-58 5.2 结果与讨论58-61 5.2.1 材料的形貌结构分析58-59 5.2.2 材料的循环伏安分析59 5.2.3 材料的恒流充放电分析59-61 5.2.4 材料的循环寿命分析61 5.3 本章小结61-62结论62-63致谢63-64参考文献64-71攻读硕士学位期间发表论文与申请专利71-72。