DISCRETE EVENT SYSTEMS

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中科院SCI期刊分区表-控制类

Subcategory ISSN Abbreviated Journal Title中科院分区2013年10月发布Total CitesAUTOMATION & CONTROLSYSTEMS (自动化与控制系统)0278-0046IEEE T IND ELECTRON1区 17404 (自动化与控制系统)1532-4435J MACH LEARN RES1区 6024 (自动化与控制系统)1551-3203IEEE T IND INFORM2区 969 (自动化与控制系统)1083-4419IEEE T SYST MAN CY B2区 5821 (自动化与控制系统)1083-4435IEEE-ASME T MECH2区 2878 (自动化与控制系统)0005-1098AUTOMATICA2区 15500 (自动化与控制系统)0018-9286IEEE T AUTOMAT CONTR2区 23664 (自动化与控制系统)1070-9932IEEE ROBOT AUTOM MAG2区 1163 (自动化与控制系统)0016-0032J FRANKLIN I2区 2276 (自动化与控制系统)1066-033X IEEE CONTR SYST MAG2区 2254 (自动化与控制系统)0169-7439CHEMOMETR INTELL LAB2区 4880 (自动化与控制系统)1063-6536IEEE T CONTR SYST T3区 4147 (自动化与控制系统)0886-9383J CHEMOMETR3区 2658 (自动化与控制系统)1049-8923INT J ROBUST NONLIN3区 2213 (自动化与控制系统)0959-1524J PROCESS CONTR3区 2881 (自动化与控制系统)1751-8644IET CONTROL THEORY A3区 1967 (自动化与控制系统)1751-570X NONLINEAR ANAL-HYBRI3区 535 (自动化与控制系统)1545-5955IEEE T AUTOM SCI ENG3区 871 (自动化与控制系统)0967-0661CONTROL ENG PRACT3区 3413 (自动化与控制系统)0167-6911SYST CONTROL LETT3区 4239 (自动化与控制系统)0952-1976ENG APPL ARTIF INTEL3区 2085 (自动化与控制系统)1562-2479INT J FUZZY SYST3区 284 (自动化与控制系统)1561-8625ASIAN J CONTROL3区 853 (自动化与控制系统)0363-0129SIAM J CONTROL OPTIM3区 4590 (自动化与控制系统)0020-7721INT J SYST SCI3区 1996 (自动化与控制系统)0957-4158MECHATRONICS3区 1681 (自动化与控制系统)1367-5788ANNU REV CONTROL3区 662 (自动化与控制系统)1292-8119ESAIM CONTR OPTIM CA3区 608 (自动化与控制系统)0947-3580EUR J CONTROL4区 636 (自动化与控制系统)0890-6327INT J ADAPT CONTROL4区 809 (自动化与控制系统)0268-3768INT J ADV MANUF TECH4区 7187 (自动化与控制系统)0921-8890ROBOT AUTON SYST4区 1807 (自动化与控制系统)0143-2087OPTIM CONTR APPL MET4区 411 (自动化与控制系统)0020-7179INT J CONTROL4区 4282 (自动化与控制系统)1641-876X INT J AP MAT COM-POL4区 562 (自动化与控制系统)1598-6446INT J CONTROL AUTOM4区 774 (自动化与控制系统)1387-2532AUTON AGENT MULTI-AG4区 500 (自动化与控制系统)0022-0434J DYN SYST-T ASME4区 2738 (自动化与控制系统)0265-0754IMA J MATH CONTROL I4区 303 (自动化与控制系统)0332-7353MODEL IDENT CONTROL4区 170 (自动化与控制系统)0924-6703DISCRETE EVENT DYN S4区 292 (自动化与控制系统)0959-6518P I MECH ENG I-J SYS4区 567 (自动化与控制系统)1392-124X INF TECHNOL CONTROL4区 125 (自动化与控制系统)0142-3312T I MEAS CONTROL4区 272 (自动化与控制系统)0144-5154ASSEMBLY AUTOM4区 252 (自动化与控制系统)1220-1766STUD INFORM CONTROL4区 145 (自动化与控制系统)0826-8185INT J ROBOT AUTOM4区 199 (自动化与控制系统)1079-2724J DYN CONTROL SYST4区 239 (自动化与控制系统)1841-9836INT J COMPUT COMMUN4区 175 (自动化与控制系统)0932-4194MATH CONTROL SIGNAL4区 515(自动化与控制系统)1004-4132J SYST ENG ELECTRON4区 357 (自动化与控制系统)1697-7912REV IBEROAM AUTOM IN4区 50 (自动化与控制系统)0005-1144AUTOMATIKA4区 48 (自动化与控制系统)0020-2940MEAS CONTROL-UK4区 183 (自动化与控制系统)0178-2312AT-AUTOM4区 160 (自动化与控制系统)1454-8658CONTROL ENG APPL INF4区 40 (自动化与控制系统)0005-1179AUTOMAT REM CONTR+4区 812 (自动化与控制系统)1064-2315J AUTOMAT INFORM SCI4区 41 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCE 计算机科学、人工智1392-124X INF TECHNOL CONTROL4区 125 COMPUTER SCIENCE,CYBERNETICS 计算机科学、控1083-4419IEEE T SYST MAN CY B1区 5821计算机科学、控制论1094-6977IEEE T SYST MAN CY C2区 2037计算机科学、控制论0737-0024HUM-COMPUT INTERACT2区 851计算机科学、控制论1083-4427IEEE T SYST MAN CY A2区 2785计算机科学、控制论0340-1200BIOL CYBERN3区 4557计算机科学、控制论0924-1868USER MODEL USER-ADAP3区 437计算机科学、控制论1071-5819INT J HUM-COMPUT ST3区 2062计算机科学、控制论1939-1412IEEE T HAPTICS3区 140计算机科学、控制论1073-0516ACM T COMPUT-HUM INT3区 537计算机科学、控制论0953-5438INTERACT COMPUT3区 850计算机科学、控制论1044-7318INT J HUM-COMPUT INT4区 619计算机科学、控制论0932-8092MACH VISION APPL4区 839计算机科学、控制论1054-7460PRESENCE-TELEOP VIRT4区 1068计算机科学、控制论0196-9722CYBERNET SYST4区 453计算机科学、控制论0144-929X BEHAV INFORM TECHNOL4区 802计算机科学、控制论1783-7677J MULTIMODAL USER IN4区 42计算机科学、控制论0332-7353MODEL IDENT CONTROL4区 170计算机科学、控制论0023-5954KYBERNETIKA4区 536计算机科学、控制论1615-5289UNIVERSAL ACCESS INF4区 188计算机科学、控制论0368-492X KYBERNETES4区 462计算机科学、控制论1064-2307J COMPUT SYS SC INT+4区 177 COMPUTER SCIENCE,INFORMATION SYSTEMS计算机科学1392-124X INF TECHNOL CONTROL4区 125 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE工程、航空航天0376-0421PROG AEROSP SCI1区 1296工程、航空航天0018-9251IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS2区 5915工程、航空航天0731-5090J GUID CONTROL DYNAM2区 4539工程、航空航天0001-1452AIAA J2区 10686工程、航空航天0376-4265ESA BULL-EUR SPACE2区 780工程、航空航天1270-9638AEROSP SCI TECHNOL3区 918工程、航空航天0893-1321J AEROSPACE ENG3区 434工程、航空航天0748-4658J PROPUL POWER3区 2340工程、航空航天0094-5765ACTA ASTRONAUT3区 2040工程、航空航天0021-9142J ASTRONAUT SCI3区 561工程、航空航天0021-8669J AIRCRAFT3区 2646工程、航空航天1475-472X INT J AEROACOUST3区 190工程、航空航天1756-8293INT J MICRO AIR VEH3区 56工程、航空航天1542-0973INT J SATELL COMM N4区 181工程、航空航天0002-8711J AM HELICOPTER SOC4区 377工程、航空航天0022-4650J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS4区 1593工程、航空航天1748-8842AIRCR ENG AEROSP TEC4区 180工程、航空航天1000-9361CHINESE J AERONAUT4区 334工程、航空航天0954-4100P I MECH ENG G-J AER4区 514工程、航空航天0885-8985IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG4区 471工程、航空航天0001-9240AERONAUT J4区 502工程、航空航天0334-0082INT J TURBO JET ENG4区 76工程、航空航天0549-3811T JPN SOC AERONAUT S4区 126工程、航空航天0010-9525COSMIC RES+4区 332工程、航空航天1940-3151J AEROS COMP INF COM4区 93工程、航空航天0740-722X AEROSPACE AM4区 63工程、航空航天0971-1600J SPACECR TECHNOL4区 11 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL &ELECTRONIC 工程、电气与电子1751-8644IET CONTROL THEORY A3区 1967工程、电气与电子0967-0661CONTROL ENG PRACT3区 3413工程、电气与电子0890-6327INT J ADAPT CONTROL3区 809工程、电气与电子0932-4194MATH CONTROL SIGNAL4区 515IF 2012-20135-YearImpactFactorImmediacyIndexArticlesCited Half-life5.165 5.078 0.943 470 4.23.424.284 0.168 119 73.381 3.191 0.88 92 2.63.236 3.949 0.439 132 6.33.135 3.386 0.545 121 5.52.9193.944 0.292 391 7.22.7183.411 0.374 364>10.02.4843.097 0.216 37 6.10000000000 2.418 2.457 0.454 1854.62.372 4.329 0.462 26>10.02.291 2.432 0.253 154 9.52 2.62 0.34 153 6.91.937 1.935 0.212 66 9.51.92.255 0.559 118 5.31.8052.285 0.2 180 6.60000000000 1.717 2.04 0.182 3023.31.685 1.513 0.409 22 3.31.674 1.859 0.306 72 3.91.6692.033 0.165 127 7.71.6672.054 0.218 1709.69999999999 1.625 1.947 0.253 154 5.11.506 1.185 0.246 57 3.31.411 1.36 0.201 164 4.21.379 1.885 0.232 138>10.01.305 1.504 0.246 195 6.51.3 1.599 0.239 109 6.60000000000 1.2892.973 0.571 28 5.81.282 1.1 0.132 53 71.25 1.052 0.487 39 7.91.219 1.334 0.323 65 61.205 1.423 0.107 633 51.156 1.615 0.2 135 6.51.062 1.074 0.116 437.10000000000 1.008 1.289 0.084 154>10.01.008 1.146 0.173 75 5.10.953 0.898 0.13 154 3.50.79 1.41 0.242 33 6.70.758 1.182 0.182 121>10.00.741 0.596 0.065 318.30000000000 0.714 0.75 0.167 129.30000000000 0.711 0.99 0.15 20 90.667 0.8 0.177 113 5.10.667 0.560 38 3.40.656 0.886 0.04 75 5.50.603 0.5710 35 6.70.554 0.149 47 3.80.494 0.545 0.306 36 5.60000000000 0.462 0.569 0.276 298.69999999999 0.441 0.436 0.06 84 40.417 0.968 0.222 18>10.00.349 0.061 330.29 0.4250 24 6.70.284 0.274 0.014 74 50.2020 400.192 0.226 0.042 191>10.00.0380 850.667 0.560 38 3.43.236 3.949 0.439 132 6.32.5483.105 0.151 152 5.60000000000 2.25 3.039 0.667 12>10.02.183 2.44 0.465 127 6.10000000000 2.067 1.938 0.373 51>10.01.6 2 1.867 158.80000000000 1.4152.003 0.117 60 8.11.393 1.5 0.083 362.81.179 1.368 0.094 32 8.51.158 1.493 0.075 407.10000000000 1.131 1.284 0.133 60 7.41.103 1.42 0.143 84 7.41.04 1.112 0.091 33>10.00.973 0.814 0.237 38 80.856 1 0.188 808.30000000000 0.833 0.6 0.061 330.714 0.75 0.167 129.30000000000 0.619 0.548 0.054 74 9.60.532 0.065 31 5.40.318 0.37 0.05 121 60.249 0.242 0.078 64 4.60.667 0.560 38 3.42.3963.795 0.038 269.30000000000 1.299 1.767 0.214 257>10.01.27 1.474 0.097 185 9.91.08 1.301 0.164 256>10.01.064 1.447 0.5 16 9.90.873 1.022 0.139 108 6.90.778 0.854 0.162 68 7.30.717 0.936 0.09 145 9.10.701 0.664 0.155 245 6.30.697 0.677>10.00.632 0.701 0.076 2109.30000000000 0.627 0.139 36 5.90.562 1.041 0.235 170.535 0.635 0.19 21 8.10.514 0.571 0.071 28>10.00.489 0.707 0.075 120>10.00.441 0.348 0.023 43 6.90.438 0.584 0.054 112 4.10.4 0.663 0.036 112 5.10.343 0.456 0.037 54 8.10.259 0.292 0.149 47 6.4 0.244 0.275 0.019 53>10.00.2140 120.048 0.048 0.008 1190.034 0.1111.7172.04 0.182 3023.3 1.669 2.033 0.165 127 7.7 1.219 1.334 0.323 65 6 0.417 0.968 0.222 18>10.0。

仿真算法知识点总结

仿真算法知识点总结一、简介仿真算法是一种通过生成模型和运行模拟来研究系统或过程的方法。

它是一种用计算机模拟真实世界事件的技术，可以用来解决各种问题，包括工程、商业和科学领域的问题。

仿真算法可以帮助研究人员更好地理解系统的行为，并预测系统未来的发展趋势。

本文将对仿真算法的基本原理、常用技术和应用领域进行总结，以期帮助读者更好地了解和应用仿真算法。

二、基本原理1. 离散事件仿真（DES）离散事件仿真是一种基于离散时间系统的仿真技术。

在离散事件仿真中，系统中的事件和状态都是离散的，而时间是连续变化的。

离散事件仿真通常用于建模和分析复杂系统，例如生产线、通信网络和交通系统等。

离散事件仿真模型可以用于分析系统的性能、验证系统的设计和决策支持等方面。

2. 连续仿真（CS）连续仿真是一种基于连续时间系统的仿真技术。

在连续仿真中，系统中的状态和事件都是连续的，而时间也是连续的。

连续仿真通常用于建模和分析动态系统，例如电力系统、控制系统和生态系统等。

连续仿真模型可以用于分析系统的稳定性、动态特性和系统参数的设计等方面。

3. 混合仿真（HS）混合仿真是一种同时兼具离散事件仿真和连续仿真特点的仿真技术。

混合仿真可以用于建模和分析同时包含离散和连续过程的系统，例如混合生产系统、供应链系统和环境系统等。

混合仿真模型可以用于分析系统的整体性能、协调离散和连续过程以及系统的优化设计等方面。

4. 随机仿真随机仿真是一种基于概率分布的仿真技术。

在随机仿真中，系统的状态和事件都是随机的，而时间也是随机的。

随机仿真通常用于建模和分析具有随机性质的系统，例如金融系统、天气系统和生物系统等。

随机仿真模型可以用于分析系统的风险、概率特性和对策选择等方面。

5. Agent-Based ModelingAgent-based modeling (ABM) is a simulation technique that focuses on simulating the actions and interactions of autonomous agents within a system. This approach is often used for modeling complex and decentralized systems, such as social networks, biologicalecosystems, and market economies. In ABM, individual agents are modeled with their own sets of rules, behaviors, and decision-making processes, and their interactions with other agents and the environment are simulated over time. ABM can be used to study the emergent behavior and dynamics of complex systems, and to explore the effects of different agent behaviors and interactions on system-level outcomes.三、常用技术1. Monte Carlo方法蒙特卡洛方法是一种基于随机模拟的数值计算技术。

CCF公布推荐的国际学术会议和期刊目录(Total)

CCF公布推荐的国际学术会议和期刊目录经过3年多的工作，CCF推荐的国际学术会议和期刊目录现予公布。

本目录包括数据库、软件工程、计算机网络、计算机图形学（几何造型、多媒体、可视化、虚拟现实）、计算机体系结构、计算机科学理论、人工智能与模式识别、网络与信息安全等八个方向的国际学术会议及期刊目录和一个综合类的国际学术期刊目录，供国内高校和科研单位作为学术评价的参考依据。

目录中，刊物和会议分为A、B、C三档。

A类表示国际上极少数的顶级刊物和会议，鼓励我国学者去突破；B类是指国际上著名和非常重要的会议、刊物，代表该领域的较高水平，鼓励国内同行投稿；C类指国际上重要、为国际学术界所认可的会议和刊物。

早在2005年12月17日，CCF YOCSEF就举办了“从SCI反思中国的学术评价体制”的专题论坛，探讨为何SCI会成为衡量大学、科研机构和科学工作者学术水平的最重要的甚至是唯一的尺度，提出了如何建立中国公正合理的学术评价体制的问题。

这次论坛，在国内引起了强烈的反响。

李国杰理事长在各种场合多次呼吁要重视在顶级国际学术会议上发表论文，希望CCF拿出顶级学术会议和重要学术期刊的目录，提供给各高校和科研单位做学术水平评价的参考。

此后，CCF委托YOCSEF学术委员会组织此项工作，经过调研、分析、选择试点方向、收集整理资料、研讨、向学术界公开征集意见、报常务理事会审议、学术工作委员会再修订等过程，最终推出目前的推荐目录表。

这些分类目录每年将根据具体情况进行修订。

2010年9月附：国际学术会议及期刊目录计算机科学理论 (2)计算机体系结构 (8)计算机网络 (14)人工智能与模式识别 (19)软件工程 (28)数据库 (35)计算机图形学、几何造型、多媒体、可视化、虚拟现实等方向，不含算机视觉与模式识别 (42)网络/信息安全 (46)综合类刊物 (51)第 1 页共 51 页中国计算机学会推荐国际学术刊物计算机科学理论一、A类序号刊物简称刊物全称出版社网址1.TALG ACM Transactions on Algorithms ACM /2.SICOMP SIAM Journal on Computing Society for Industrial andApplied Mathematics/sicomp二、B类序号刊物简称刊物全称出版社网址1.TOCL ACM Transactions on Computational Logic ACM /rmation & Computation Elsevier /locate/ic3.TIT IEEE Transactions on Information Theory IEEE /portal/site/mainsite/menuitem.81 8c0c39e85ef176fb2275875bac26c8/index.jsp?&pNa me=corp_level1&path=pubs/transactions&file=tit.x ml&xsl=generic.xsl&4.TCS Theoretical Computer Science Elsevier /locate/tcs5.Formal Aspects of Computing Springer /content/102822/6.Acta Informatica Springer /content/100460/7. MSCS Mathematical Structures in Computer Science Cambridge University /action/displayJournal?jid=MSC8.Algorithmica Springer /link.asp?id=100117putational Complexity Springer /content/101499/10.Journal of Complexity Birkhäuser Basel第 2 页共 51 页11. JSL Journal of Symbolic Logic Association forSymbolic Logic/journals-journal.html12. APAL Annuals of Pure and Applied Logic Elsevier /wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/505603/description#description13.Discrete Applied Mathematics Elsevier /wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/505609/description#description14. JSC Journal of Symbolic Computation Elsevier /wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/622902/description#description LMCSLogical Methods in Computer Science /index.php三、C类序号刊物简称刊物全称出版社网址1. IJFCS International Journal of Foundations ofComputer ScienceWorld Scientific /~ijfcs/2.Discrete Event Dynamic Systems – Theory andApplications Springer /math/applications/journal/106263.Formal Methods in System Design Springer /content/100266/4. HOSC Higher-Order and Symbolic Computation Springer /computer/foundations/journal/109905.Archive for Mathematical Logic Springer /math/journal/153第 3 页共 51 页中国计算机学会推荐国际学术会议（计算机科学理论）一、A类序号会议简称会议全称出版社网址1. STOC ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing ACM /stoc/2. FOCS IEEE Symposium on Foundations of ComputerScienceIEEE /二、B类序号会议简称会议全称出版社网址1. LICS IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science IEEE http://wwwrmatik.hu-berlin.de/lics/2. ICALP International Colloquium on Automata, Languagesand Programming EuropeanAssociation forTheoreticalComputer Science(EATCS)http://icalp09.cti.gr/index.php/Main/HomePage3. SCG ACM Symposium on Computational Geometry ACM /4. SODA ACM/SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms SIAM /meetings/da07/5. SPAA ACM Symposium on Parallel Algorithms andArchitecturesACM /SPAA/ 6. CCC IEEE Conference on Computational Complexity IEEE /jrogers/Complexity/第 4 页共 51 页第 5 页共 51 页7. CSFW IEEE Computer Security Foundations WorkshopIEEE /CSFWweb/8. DATE IEEE/ACM Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference IEEE/ACM /9. ISIT IEEE Symposium on Information Theory IEEE /10. CP International Conference on Principles & Practice of Constraint ProgrammingSpringer http://www.cs.mu.oz.au/cp2008/11. TACAS Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of SystemsSpringer /~tacas2008/ 12. RTA Rewriting Techniques and Applications Springer http://rewriting.loria.fr/rta/13. TLCA Typed Lambda Calculi and Applications Springer http://www.lsv.ens-cachan.fr/rdp07/tlca.html 14. CSL Computer Science LogicSpringer/oucl/conferences/CSL05/15. MFPS Mathematical Foundations of Programming SemanticsElsevier /~mfps/ 16. TCS IFIP International Conference on Theoretical Computer Science Springer Science and Business Media http://bioinformatics.bio.disco.unimib.it/tc1/ 17. STACS International Conference on Theoretical Aspects of Computer ScienceSpringer http://www.lif.univ-mrs.fr/STACS06/ 18. 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CVIU Computer Vision and Image Understanding ELSEVIER /locate/cviu 13. IS IEEE Intelligent Systems IEEE /intelligent/14.Artificial Intelligence ReviewSpringer/content/100240/15. Neural Networks ELSEVIER /locate/neunet 16. Machine Translation Springer /content/100310/ 17. T-RA IEEE Trans on Robotics and Automation IEEE /xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=7018. IJAR International Journal of Approximate Reasoning ELSEVIER /science/journal/0888613X19. KER Knowledge Engineering Review Cambridge /journals/20. DKE Data and Knowledge EngineeringELSEVIER/wps/product/cws_home/50560821. TCBB IEEE/ACM Trans on Computational Biology and BioinformaticsIEEE /tcbb/index.htm 22. T-ITB IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine IEEE http://www.vtt.fi/tte/samba/projects/titb/titb_informa tion/scope.html 23. TFS IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy SystemsIEEE/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=9124.TSLPACM Transactions on Speech and Language ProcessingACM /pubs/tslp.html25.TALIP ACM Transactions on Asian LanguageInformation ProcessingACM /26.JournalofAutomatedReasoning Springer /computer/foundations/journal/1081727. AICom AICommunications IOS http://www.iospress.nl/html/09217126.html 三、C类序号刊物简称刊物全称出版社网址1. IDA IntelligentDataAnalysis ELSEVIER /wps/locate/ida2.AppliedIntelligence Springer /content/100236/3.SMC IEEE Trans on Systems, Man, & Cybernetics, PartA &B &C IEEE /xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=34774. NLE NaturalLanguageEngineering CambridgeUniversity/5.AMAI Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence Springer /sgw/cda/frontpage/0,11855,5-147-70-35674745-0,00.html6.IJDAR International Journal of Document Analysis andRecognitionSpringer /content/101562/ 7. KBS Knowledge-BasedSystems ELSEVIER /locate/knosys8.Neurocomputing ELSEVIER /locate/neucom9.NCA Neural Computing & Applications Springer /content/102827/10.NPL Neural Processing Letters Springer /content/100321/11.PRL Pattern Recognition Letters ELSEVIER /locate/patrec12.PAA Pattern Analysis and Applications Springer /content/ 103609/第 21 页共 51 页13.Connection Science Taylor & Francis /journals/tf/09540091.html14.AIM Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Elsevier /wps/product/cws_home/15.DSS Decision Support Systems Elsevier /wps/product/cws_home/16.IVC Image and Vision Computing ELSEVIER /science/journal/andApplications Springer /sgw/cda/ Vision17.MachineImageAnalysis Elsevier /wps/product/cws_home/ 18.MedicalComputing Springer /sgw/cda/ 19.NaturalComputing Springer /sgw/cda/20.Soft21.ESWA Expert Systems with Applications ELSEVIER /wps/product/cws_home/22.EAAI Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence ELSEVIER /wps/find/journaleditorialboard.cws_home/975/editorialboardSystems Blackwell / 23.ExpertWorld Scientific .sg/ijprai/ijprai.shtml24.IJPRAI International Journal of Pattern Recognition &Artificial Intelligence25.IJIS International Journal of Intelligent Systems Wiley InterScience /journal/36062/home?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=026.IJNS International Journal of Neural Systems World Scientific .sg/journals/ijns/27.AAI Applied Artificial Intelligence Taylor & Francis /journals/tf/08839514.html28.Cybernetics and Systems Taylor & Francis /journals/tf/01969722.htmlCommunications ELSEVIER /locate/specom29.Speechputer Speech and Language ELSEVIER /locate/csl31.WIAS Web Intelligence and Agent Systems IOS http://www.iospress.nl/site/html/15701263.html32.Fuzzy Sets and Systems ELSEVIER /wps/product/cws_home/第 22 页共 51 页33.IEE Proceedings: Vision, Image and Signal IEEE /xpl/World Scientific .sg/ijcia/ijcia.shtml34.IJCIA International Journal of ComputationalIntelligence and ApplicationsTaylor & Francis /journals/tf/0952813X.html35.JETAI Journal of Experimental and Theoretical ArtificialIntelligence36.International Journal of Uncertainty, FuzzinessWorld Scientific /ijufks/ijufks.shtml and KBS37.IJAES International Journal of Applied Expert Systems Taylor Granham /~acc025/ijaes.html38.Artificial Life MIT Press /journal-home.tcl?issn=1064546239.AAMAS Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems Springer /content/102852/中国计算机学会推荐国际学术会议（人工智能与模式识别）一、A类序号会议简称会议全称出版社网址Morgan Kaufmann 1.IJCAI International Joint Conference on ArtificialIntelligence2.ICCV International Conference on Computer Vision IEEE /3.ICML International Conference on Machine Learning ACM /conferences/icml2007/IEEE /4.CVPR IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and PatternRecognition5.AAAI AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence AAAI 第 23 页共 51 页二、B类序号会议简称会议全称出版社网址MIT Press 6.NIPS Annual Conference on Neural InformationProcessing SystemsMorgan Kaufmann /7.KR International Conference on Principles ofKnowledge Representation and ReasoningACL /8.ACL Annual Meeting of the Association forComputational LinguisticsSpringer /1.AAMAS International Joint Conference on AutonomousAgents and Multi-agent Systems2.ECCV European Conference on Computer Vision Springer http://eccv2008.inrialpes.fr/3.ECML European Conference on Machine Learning Springer 4.ECAI European Conference on Artificial Intelligence IOSPress http://www.ece.upatras.gr/ecai2008/Springer /colt2007/5.COLT Annual Conference on Computational LearningTheoryAUAI /6.UAI International Conference on Uncertainty inArtificial IntelligenceAAAI /7.ICAPS International Conference on Automated Planningand SchedulingSpringer /8.ICCBR International Conference on Case-BasedReasoning第 24 页共 51 页第 25 页共 51 页9. 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监督矩阵生成矩阵的求法

监督矩阵生成矩阵的求法监督矩阵生成矩阵（Supervisory Matrix Generation, SMG）是一种常用于控制系统建模和分析的方法。

它通过将离散事件系统（Discrete Event Systems, DES）的行为转化为矩阵形式，从而实现对系统状态和行为的描述和分析。

本文将介绍监督矩阵生成矩阵的求法，并以一个简单的例子进行说明。

在介绍监督矩阵生成矩阵的求法之前，我们先来了解一下离散事件系统的基本概念。

离散事件系统是指由一系列离散事件组成的系统，其中每个事件都会引起系统状态的突变。

离散事件系统可以用有向图来表示，其中节点表示系统的状态，有向边表示事件的发生。

在离散事件系统中，有两个重要的概念，即状态和事件。

监督矩阵生成矩阵的求法是将离散事件系统的行为转化为矩阵形式的过程。

首先，我们需要定义系统的状态和事件。

系统的状态可以表示为一个状态集合，而事件可以表示为一个事件集合。

然后，我们构建一个监督矩阵，用于描述状态和事件之间的关系。

监督矩阵的维度为|S| × |E|，其中|S|表示状态集合的大小，|E|表示事件集合的大小。

在构建监督矩阵时，我们需要确定状态和事件之间的转移关系。

这可以通过观察系统的行为来确定。

例如，在一个简单的系统中，假设有4个状态和3个事件，我们可以通过观察系统的行为来确定状态和事件之间的转移关系。

假设系统的初始状态为S1，当事件E1发生时，系统的状态会从S1转移到S2。

当事件E2发生时，系统的状态会从S2转移到S3。

当事件E3发生时，系统的状态会从S3转移到S4。

在这个例子中，我们可以得到一个4×3的监督矩阵，其中第一行表示状态S1，第一列表示事件E1，对应的元素为1，表示状态S1可以通过事件E1转移到状态S2。

通过构建监督矩阵，我们可以方便地对离散事件系统进行分析。

例如，我们可以通过监督矩阵来判断系统是否具有死锁状态，即存在一组状态，使得系统无法从这组状态中的任何一个状态转移到其他状态。

自动控制专业英语词汇

自动控制专业英语词汇（一）acceleration transducer 加速度传感器acceptance testing 验收测试accessibility 可及性accumulated error 累积误差AC-DC-AC frequency converter 交-直-交变频器AC (alternating current) electric drive 交流电子传动active attitude stabilization 主动姿态稳定actuator 驱动器，执行机构adaline 线性适应元adaptation layer 适应层adaptive telemeter system 适应遥测系统adjoint operator 伴随算子admissible error 容许误差aggregation matrix 集结矩阵AHP (analytic hierarchy process) 层次分析法amplifying element 放大环节analog-digital conversion 模数转换annunciator 信号器antenna pointing control 天线指向控制anti-integral windup 抗积分饱卷aperiodic decomposition 非周期分解a posteriori estimate 后验估计approximate reasoning 近似推理a priori estimate 先验估计articulated robot 关节型机器人assignment problem 配置问题，分配问题associative memory model 联想记忆模型associatron 联想机asymptotic stability 渐进稳定性attained pose drift 实际位姿漂移attitude acquisition 姿态捕获AOCS (attritude and orbit control system) 姿态轨道控制系统attitude angular velocity 姿态角速度attitude disturbance 姿态扰动attitude maneuver 姿态机动attractor 吸引子augment ability 可扩充性augmented system 增广系统automatic manual station 自动-手动操作器automaton 自动机autonomous system 自治系统backlash characteristics 间隙特性base coordinate system 基座坐标系Bayes classifier 贝叶斯分类器bearing alignment 方位对准bellows pressure gauge 波纹管压力表benefit-cost analysis 收益成本分析bilinear system 双线性系统biocybernetics 生物控制论biological feedback system 生物反馈系统black box testing approach 黑箱测试法blind search 盲目搜索block diagonalization 块对角化Boltzman machine 玻耳兹曼机bottom-up development 自下而上开发boundary value analysis 边界值分析brainstorming method 头脑风暴法breadth-first search 广度优先搜索butterfly valve 蝶阀CAE (computer aided engineering) 计算机辅助工程CAM (computer aided manufacturing) 计算机辅助制造Camflex valve 偏心旋转阀canonical state variable 规范化状态变量capacitive displacement transducer 电容式位移传感器capsule pressure gauge 膜盒压力表CARD 计算机辅助研究开发Cartesian robot 直角坐标型机器人cascade compensation 串联补偿catastrophe theory 突变论centrality 集中性chained aggregation 链式集结chaos 混沌characteristic locus 特征轨迹chemical propulsion 化学推进calrity 清晰性classical information pattern 经典信息模式classifier 分类器clinical control system 临床控制系统closed loop pole 闭环极点closed loop transfer function 闭环传递函数cluster analysis 聚类分析coarse-fine control 粗-精控制cobweb model 蛛网模型coefficient matrix 系数矩阵cognitive science 认知科学cognitron 认知机coherent system 单调关联系统combination decision 组合决策combinatorial explosion 组合爆炸combined pressure and vacuum gauge 压力真空表command pose 指令位姿companion matrix 相伴矩阵compartmental model 房室模型compatibility 相容性，兼容性compensating network 补偿网络compensation 补偿，矫正compliance 柔顺，顺应composite control 组合控制computable general equilibrium model 可计算一般均衡模型conditionally instability 条件不稳定性configuration 组态connectionism 连接机制connectivity 连接性conservative system 守恒系统consistency 一致性constraint condition 约束条件consumption function 消费函数context-free grammar 上下文无关语法continuous discrete event hybrid system simulation 连续离散事件混合系统仿真continuous duty 连续工作制control accuracy 控制精度control cabinet 控制柜controllability index 可控指数controllable canonical form 可控规范型[control] plant 控制对象,被控对象controlling instrument 控制仪表control moment gyro 控制力矩陀螺control panel 控制屏，控制盘control synchro 控制[式]自整角机control system synthesis 控制系统综合control time horizon 控制时程cooperative game 合作对策coordinability condition 可协调条件coordination strategy 协调策略coordinator 协调器corner frequency 转折频率costate variable 共态变量cost-effectiveness analysis 费用效益分析coupling of orbit and attitude 轨道和姿态耦合critical damping 临界阻尼critical stability 临界稳定性cross-over frequency 穿越频率，交越频率current source inverter 电流[源]型逆变器cut-off frequency 截止频率cybernetics 控制论cyclic remote control 循环遥控cylindrical robot 圆柱坐标型机器人damped oscillation 阻尼振荡damper 阻尼器damping ratio 阻尼比data acquisition 数据采集data encryption 数据加密data preprocessing 数据预处理data processor 数据处理器DC generator-motor set drive 直流发电机-电动机组传动D controller 微分控制器decentrality 分散性decentralized stochastic control 分散随机控制decision space 决策空间decision support system 决策支持系统decomposition-aggregation approach 分解集结法decoupling parameter 解耦参数deductive-inductive hybrid modeling method 演绎与归纳混合建模法delayed telemetry 延时遥测derivation tree 导出树derivative feedback 微分反馈describing function 描述函数desired value 希望值despinner 消旋体destination 目的站detector 检出器deterministic automaton 确定性自动机deviation 偏差deviation alarm 偏差报警器DFD 数据流图diagnostic model 诊断模型diagonally dominant matrix 对角主导矩阵diaphragm pressure gauge 膜片压力表difference equation model 差分方程模型differential dynamical system 微分动力学系统differential game 微分对策differential pressure level meter 差压液位计differential pressure transmitter 差压变送器differential transformer displacement transducer 差动变压器式位移传感器differentiation element 微分环节digital filer 数字滤波器digital signal processing 数字信号处理digitization 数字化digitizer 数字化仪dimension transducer 尺度传感器direct coordination 直接协调disaggregation 解裂discoordination 失协调discrete event dynamic system 离散事件动态系统discrete system simulation language 离散系统仿真语言discriminant function 判别函数displacement vibration amplitude transducer 位移振幅传感器dissipative structure 耗散结构distributed parameter control system 分布参数控制系统distrubance 扰动disturbance compensation 扰动补偿diversity 多样性divisibility 可分性domain knowledge 领域知识dominant pole 主导极点dose-response model 剂量反应模型dual modulation telemetering system 双重调制遥测系统dual principle 对偶原理dual spin stabilization 双自旋稳定duty ratio 负载比dynamic braking 能耗制动dynamic characteristics 动态特性dynamic deviation 动态偏差dynamic error coefficient 动态误差系数dynamic exactness 动它吻合性dynamic input-output model 动态投入产出模型econometric model 计量经济模型economic cybernetics 经济控制论economic effectiveness 经济效益economic evaluation 经济评价economic index 经济指数economic indicator 经济指标eddy current thickness meter 电涡流厚度计effectiveness 有效性effectiveness theory 效益理论elasticity of demand 需求弹性electric actuator 电动执行机构electric conductance levelmeter 电导液位计electric drive control gear 电动传动控制设备electric hydraulic converter 电-液转换器electric pneumatic converter 电-气转换器electrohydraulic servo vale 电液伺服阀electromagnetic flow transducer 电磁流量传感器electronic batching scale 电子配料秤electronic belt conveyor scale 电子皮带秤electronic hopper scale 电子料斗秤elevation 仰角emergency stop 异常停止empirical distribution 经验分布endogenous variable 内生变量equilibrium growth 均衡增长equilibrium point 平衡点equivalence partitioning 等价类划分ergonomics 工效学error 误差error-correction parsing 纠错剖析estimate 估计量estimation theory 估计理论evaluation technique 评价技术event chain 事件链evolutionary system 进化系统exogenous variable 外生变量expected characteristics 希望特性external disturbance 外扰fact base 事实failure diagnosis 故障诊断fast mode 快变模态feasibility study 可行性研究feasible coordination 可行协调feasible region 可行域feature detection 特征检测feature extraction 特征抽取feedback compensation 反馈补偿feedforward path 前馈通路field bus 现场总线finite automaton 有限自动机FIP (factory information protocol) 工厂信息协议first order predicate logic 一阶谓词逻辑fixed sequence manipulator 固定顺序机械手fixed set point control 定值控制FMS (flexible manufacturing system) 柔性制造系统flow sensor/transducer 流量传感器flow transmitter 流量变送器fluctuation 涨落forced oscillation 强迫振荡formal language theory 形式语言理论formal neuron 形式神经元forward path 正向通路forward reasoning 正向推理fractal 分形体，分维体frequency converter 变频器frequency domain model reduction method 频域模型降阶法frequency response 频域响应full order observer 全阶观测器functional decomposition 功能分解FES (functional electrical stimulation) 功能电刺激functional simularity 功能相似fuzzy logic 模糊逻辑game tree 对策树gate valve 闸阀general equilibrium theory 一般均衡理论generalized least squares estimation 广义最小二乘估计generation function 生成函数geomagnetic torque 地磁力矩geometric similarity 几何相似gimbaled wheel 框架轮global asymptotic stability 全局渐进稳定性global optimum 全局最优globe valve 球形阀goal coordination method 目标协调法grammatical inference 文法推断graphic search 图搜索gravity gradient torque 重力梯度力矩group technology 成组技术guidance system 制导系统gyro drift rate 陀螺漂移率gyrostat 陀螺体Hall displacement transducer 霍尔式位移传感器hardware-in-the-loop simulation 半实物仿真harmonious deviation 和谐偏差harmonious strategy 和谐策略heuristic inference 启发式推理hidden oscillation 隐蔽振荡hierarchical chart 层次结构图hierarchical planning 递阶规划hierarchical control 递阶控制homeostasis 内稳态homomorphic model 同态系统horizontal decomposition 横向分解hormonal control 内分泌控制hydraulic step motor 液压步进马达hypercycle theory 超循环理论I controller 积分控制器identifiability 可辨识性IDSS (intelligent decision support system) 智能决策支持系统image recognition 图像识别impulse 冲量impulse function 冲击函数，脉冲函数inching 点动incompatibility principle 不相容原理incremental motion control 增量运动控制index of merit 品质因数inductive force transducer 电感式位移传感器inductive modeling method 归纳建模法industrial automation 工业自动化inertial attitude sensor 惯性姿态敏感器inertial coordinate system 惯性坐标系inertial wheel 惯性轮inference engine 推理机infinite dimensional system 无穷维系统information acquisition 信息采集infrared gas analyzer 红外线气体分析器inherent nonlinearity 固有非线性inherent regulation 固有调节initial deviation 初始偏差initiator 发起站injection attitude 入轨姿势input-output model 投入产出模型instability 不稳定性instruction level language 指令级语言integral of absolute value of error criterion 绝对误差积分准则integral of squared error criterion 平方误差积分准则integral performance criterion 积分性能准则integration instrument 积算仪器integrity 整体性intelligent terminal 智能终端interacted system 互联系统，关联系统interactive prediction approach 互联预估法，关联预估法interconnection 互联intermittent duty 断续工作制internal disturbance 内扰ISM (interpretive structure modeling) 解释结构建模法invariant embedding principle 不变嵌入原理inventory theory 库伦论inverse Nyquist diagram 逆奈奎斯特图inverter 逆变器investment decision 投资决策isomorphic model 同构模型iterative coordination 迭代协调jet propulsion 喷气推进job-lot control 分批控制joint 关节Kalman-Bucy filer 卡尔曼-布西滤波器knowledge accomodation 知识顺应knowledge acquisition 知识获取knowledge assimilation 知识同化KBMS (knowledge base management system) 知识库管理系统knowledge representation 知识表达ladder diagram 梯形图lag-lead compensation 滞后超前补偿Lagrange duality 拉格朗日对偶性Laplace transform 拉普拉斯变换large scale system 大系统lateral inhibition network 侧抑制网络least cost input 最小成本投入least squares criterion 最小二乘准则level switch 物位开关libration damping 天平动阻尼limit cycle 极限环linearization technique 线性化方法linear motion electric drive 直线运动电气传动linear motion valve 直行程阀linear programming 线性规划LQR (linear quadratic regulator problem) 线性二次调节器问题load cell 称重传感器local asymptotic stability 局部渐近稳定性local optimum 局部最优log magnitude-phase diagram 对数幅相图long term memory 长期记忆lumped parameter model 集总参数模型Lyapunov theorem of asymptotic stability 李雅普诺夫渐近稳定性定理自动控制专业英语词汇（二）macro-economic system 宏观经济系统magnetic dumping 磁卸载magnetoelastic weighing cell 磁致弹性称重传感器magnitude-frequency characteristic 幅频特性magnitude margin 幅值裕度magnitude scale factor 幅值比例尺manipulator 机械手man-machine coordination 人机协调manual station 手动操作器MAP (manufacturing automation protocol) 制造自动化协议marginal effectiveness 边际效益Mason's gain formula 梅森增益公式master station 主站matching criterion 匹配准则maximum likelihood estimation 最大似然估计maximum overshoot 最大超调量maximum principle 极大值原理mean-square error criterion 均方误差准则mechanism model 机理模型meta-knowledge 元知识metallurgical automation 冶金自动化minimal realization 最小实现minimum phase system 最小相位系统minimum variance estimation 最小方差估计minor loop 副回路missile-target relative movement simulator 弹体-目标相对运动仿真器modal aggregation 模态集结modal transformation 模态变换MB (model base) 模型库model confidence 模型置信度model fidelity 模型逼真度model reference adaptive control system 模型参考适应控制系统model verification 模型验证modularization 模块化MEC (most economic control) 最经济控制motion space 可动空间MTBF (mean time between failures) 平均故障间隔时间MTTF (mean time to failures) 平均无故障时间multi-attributive utility function 多属性效用函数multicriteria 多重判据multilevel hierarchical structure 多级递阶结构multiloop control 多回路控制multi-objective decision 多目标决策multistate logic 多态逻辑multistratum hierarchical control 多段递阶控制multivariable control system 多变量控制系统myoelectric control 肌电控制Nash optimality 纳什最优性natural language generation 自然语言生成nearest-neighbor 最近邻necessity measure 必然性侧度negative feedback 负反馈neural assembly 神经集合neural network computer 神经网络计算机Nichols chart 尼科尔斯图noetic science 思维科学noncoherent system 非单调关联系统noncooperative game 非合作博弈nonequilibrium state 非平衡态nonlinear element 非线性环节nonmonotonic logic 非单调逻辑nonparametric training 非参数训练nonreversible electric drive 不可逆电气传动nonsingular perturbation 非奇异摄动non-stationary random process 非平稳随机过程nuclear radiation levelmeter 核辐射物位计nutation sensor 章动敏感器Nyquist stability criterion 奈奎斯特稳定判据objective function 目标函数observability index 可观测指数observable canonical form 可观测规范型on-line assistance 在线帮助on-off control 通断控制open loop pole 开环极点operational research model 运筹学模型optic fiber tachometer 光纤式转速表optimal trajectory 最优轨迹optimization technique 最优化技术orbital rendezvous 轨道交会orbit gyrocompass 轨道陀螺罗盘orbit perturbation 轨道摄动order parameter 序参数orientation control 定向控制originator 始发站oscillating period 振荡周期output prediction method 输出预估法oval wheel flowmeter 椭圆齿轮流量计overall design 总体设计overdamping 过阻尼overlapping decomposition 交叠分解Pade approximation 帕德近似Pareto optimality 帕雷托最优性passive attitude stabilization 被动姿态稳定path repeatability 路径可重复性pattern primitive 模式基元PR (pattern recognition) 模式识别P control 比例控制器peak time 峰值时间penalty function method 罚函数法perceptron 感知器periodic duty 周期工作制perturbation theory 摄动理论pessimistic value 悲观值phase locus 相轨迹phase trajectory 相轨迹phase lead 相位超前photoelectric tachometric transducer 光电式转速传感器phrase-structure grammar 短句结构文法physical symbol system 物理符号系统piezoelectric force transducer 压电式力传感器playback robot 示教再现式机器人PLC (programmable logic controller) 可编程序逻辑控制器plug braking 反接制动plug valve 旋塞阀pneumatic actuator 气动执行机构point-to-point control 点位控制polar robot 极坐标型机器人pole assignment 极点配置pole-zero cancellation 零极点相消polynomial input 多项式输入portfolio theory 投资搭配理论pose overshoot 位姿过调量position measuring instrument 位置测量仪posentiometric displacement transducer 电位器式位移传感器positive feedback 正反馈power system automation 电力系统自动化predicate logic 谓词逻辑pressure gauge with electric contact 电接点压力表pressure transmitter 压力变送器price coordination 价格协调primal coordination 主协调primary frequency zone 主频区PCA (principal component analysis) 主成分分析法principle of turnpike 大道原理priority 优先级process-oriented simulation 面向过程的仿真production budget 生产预算production rule 产生式规则profit forecast 利润预测PERT (program evaluation and review technique) 计划评审技术program set station 程序设定操作器proportional control 比例控制proportional plus derivative controller 比例微分控制器protocol engineering 协议工程prototype 原型pseudo random sequence 伪随机序列pseudo-rate-increment control 伪速率增量控制pulse duration 脉冲持续时间pulse frequency modulation control system 脉冲调频控制系统pulse width modulation control system 脉冲调宽控制系统PWM inverter 脉宽调制逆变器pushdown automaton 下推自动机QC (quality control) 质量管理quadratic performance index 二次型性能指标qualitative physical model 定性物理模型quantized noise 量化噪声quasilinear characteristics 准线性特性queuing theory 排队论radio frequency sensor 射频敏感器ramp function 斜坡函数random disturbance 随机扰动random process 随机过程rate integrating gyro 速率积分陀螺ratio station 比值操作器reachability 可达性reaction wheel control 反作用轮控制realizability 可实现性,能实现性real time telemetry 实时遥测receptive field 感受野rectangular robot 直角坐标型机器人rectifier 整流器recursive estimation 递推估计reduced order observer 降阶观测器redundant information 冗余信息reentry control 再入控制regenerative braking 回馈制动，再生制动regional planning model 区域规划模型regulating device 调节装载regulation 调节relational algebra 关系代数relay characteristic 继电器特性remote manipulator 遥控操作器remote regulating 遥调remote set point adjuster 远程设定点调整器rendezvous and docking 交会和对接reproducibility 再现性resistance thermometer sensor 热电阻resolution principle 归结原理resource allocation 资源分配response curve 响应曲线return difference matrix 回差矩阵return ratio matrix 回比矩阵reverberation 回响reversible electric drive 可逆电气传动revolute robot 关节型机器人revolution speed transducer 转速传感器rewriting rule 重写规则rigid spacecraft dynamics 刚性航天动力学risk decision 风险分析robotics 机器人学robot programming language 机器人编程语言robust control 鲁棒控制robustness 鲁棒性roll gap measuring instrument 辊缝测量仪root locus 根轨迹roots flowmeter 腰轮流量计rotameter 浮子流量计，转子流量计rotary eccentric plug valve 偏心旋转阀rotary motion valve 角行程阀rotating transformer 旋转变压器Routh approximation method 劳思近似判据routing problem 路径问题sampled-data control system 采样控制系统sampling control system 采样控制系统saturation characteristics 饱和特性scalar Lyapunov function 标量李雅普诺夫函数SCARA (selective compliance assembly robot arm) 平面关节型机器人scenario analysis method 情景分析法scene analysis 物景分析s-domain s域self-operated controller 自力式控制器self-organizing system 自组织系统self-reproducing system 自繁殖系统self-tuning control 自校正控制semantic network 语义网络semi-physical simulation 半实物仿真sensing element 敏感元件sensitivity analysis 灵敏度分析sensory control 感觉控制sequential decomposition 顺序分解sequential least squares estimation 序贯最小二乘估计servo control 伺服控制，随动控制servomotor 伺服马达settling time 过渡时间sextant 六分仪short term planning 短期计划short time horizon coordination 短时程协调signal detection and estimation 信号检测和估计signal reconstruction 信号重构similarity 相似性simulated interrupt 仿真中断simulation block diagram 仿真框图simulation experiment 仿真实验simulation velocity 仿真速度simulator 仿真器single axle table 单轴转台single degree of freedom gyro 单自由度陀螺single level process 单级过程single value nonlinearity 单值非线性singular attractor 奇异吸引子singular perturbation 奇异摄动sink 汇点slaved system 受役系统slower-than-real-time simulation 欠实时仿真slow subsystem 慢变子系统socio-cybernetics 社会控制论socioeconomic system 社会经济系统software psychology 软件心理学solar array pointing control 太阳帆板指向控制solenoid valve 电磁阀source 源点specific impulse 比冲speed control system 调速系统spin axis 自旋轴spinner 自旋体stability criterion 稳定性判据stability limit 稳定极限stabilization 镇定，稳定Stackelberg decision theory 施塔克尔贝格决策理论state equation model 状态方程模型state space description 状态空间描述static characteristics curve 静态特性曲线station accuracy 定点精度stationary random process 平稳随机过程statistical analysis 统计分析statistic pattern recognition 统计模式识别steady state deviation 稳态偏差steady state error coefficient 稳态误差系数step-by-step control 步进控制step function 阶跃函数stepwise refinement 逐步精化stochastic finite automaton 随机有限自动机strain gauge load cell 应变式称重传感器strategic function 策略函数strongly coupled system 强耦合系统subjective probability 主观频率suboptimality 次优性supervised training 监督学习supervisory computer control system 计算机监控系统sustained oscillation 自持振荡swirlmeter 旋进流量计switching point 切换点symbolic processing 符号处理synaptic plasticity 突触可塑性synergetics 协同学syntactic analysis 句法分析system assessment 系统评价systematology 系统学system homomorphism 系统同态system isomorphism 系统同构system engineering 系统工程tachometer 转速表target flow transmitter 靶式流量变送器task cycle 作业周期teaching programming 示教编程telemechanics 远动学telemetering system of frequency division type 频分遥测系统telemetry 遥测teleological system 目的系统teleology 目的论temperature transducer 温度传感器template base 模版库tensiometer 张力计texture 纹理theorem proving 定理证明therapy model 治疗模型thermocouple 热电偶thermometer 温度计thickness meter 厚度计three-axis attitude stabilization 三轴姿态稳定three state controller 三位控制器thrust vector control system 推力矢量控制系统thruster 推力器time constant 时间常数time-invariant system 定常系统，非时变系统time schedule controller 时序控制器time-sharing control 分时控制time-varying parameter 时变参数top-down testing 自上而下测试topological structure 拓扑结构TQC (total quality control) 全面质量管理tracking error 跟踪误差trade-off analysis 权衡分析transfer function matrix 传递函数矩阵transformation grammar 转换文法transient deviation 瞬态偏差transient process 过渡过程transition diagram 转移图transmissible pressure gauge 电远传压力表transmitter 变送器trend analysis 趋势分析triple modulation telemetering system 三重调制遥测系统turbine flowmeter 涡轮流量计Turing machine 图灵机two-time scale system 双时标系统ultrasonic levelmeter 超声物位计unadjustable speed electric drive 非调速电气传动unbiased estimation 无偏估计underdamping 欠阻尼uniformly asymptotic stability 一致渐近稳定性uninterrupted duty 不间断工作制，长期工作制unit circle 单位圆unit testing 单元测试unsupervised learing 非监督学习upper level problem 上级问题urban planning 城市规划utility function 效用函数value engineering 价值工程variable gain 可变增益，可变放大系数variable structure control system 变结构控制vector Lyapunov function 向量李雅普诺夫函数velocity error coefficient 速度误差系数velocity transducer 速度传感器vertical decomposition 纵向分解vibrating wire force transducer 振弦式力传感器vibrometer 振动计viscous damping 粘性阻尼voltage source inverter 电压源型逆变器vortex precession flowmeter 旋进流量计vortex shedding flowmeter 涡街流量计WB (way base) 方法库weighing cell 称重传感器weighting factor 权因子weighting method 加权法Whittaker-Shannon sampling theorem 惠特克-香农采样定理Wiener filtering 维纳滤波work station for computer aided design 计算机辅助设计工作站w-plane w平面zero-based budget 零基预算zero-input response 零输入响应zero-state response 零状态响应zero sum game model 零和对策模型z-transform z变换。

国外著名的自动化工控网站

Biodata Ltd.-- 数据采集和控制系统的设计和制造。 .
Boeing.-- 动态系统建模和仿真软件。
Calerga. -- 动态系统设计和仿真软件。
Cambridge Control Ltd. -- 控制咨询和计算机产品。
Cegelec Industrial Controls. -- 是Alcatel Alsthom Group的一个分部。
系统和控制理论方面的公开问题。
Russian Systems and Control Archive (RUSYCON). -- 俄罗斯系统和控制网络- v9 J) B" I# l
。 5 M1 D1 l6 y9 ~; Q+ O. n7 }
Systems and Control Archive at Dallas (SCAD). -- 美国达拉斯系统和控制1 { k8 I4 c. u$ W# m; z+ g8 |$ L. S
Visual Solutions. -- VisSim非线性动态仿真软件。 2 u) s1 K3 l7 M9 `1 Y/ a+ V) F4 o
Western Reserve Controls. -- 信号调节、数据采集和工业I/O设备制造。 Y6 J/ m6 D5 v. ]$ T5 e n
Entech. -- 过程控制咨询。
Euclid Research. -- 自动调试和运动控制系统工具和仪器。
Eurotherm Controls. -- 工业和温度控制设备。
ExperTune Inc. -- PID分析和调谐软件。 ( I7 \) c# [* A* Q
Extra Dimension Technologies. -- Novel教育控制器件。

仿真花不同类型的英文术语

仿真花不同类型的英文术语在仿真领域中，有许多不同类型的英文术语。

下面是一些常见的术语及其解释：1. Simulation (仿真): The imitation or representation of the operation or features of one system through the use of another system, typically a computer program. It is used to study, analyze, and predict the behavior of complexreal-world systems.2. Virtual Reality (虚拟现实): A computer-generated simulation of a three-dimensional environment that can be interacted with and experienced by a person. It typically involves the use of a head-mounted display and other sensory devices to create a sense of presence in thevirtual world.3. Augmented Reality (增强现实): An interactive experience that combines real-world elements with computer-generated sensory inputs, such as graphics, sound, or GPSdata. It enhances the user's perception of the real world by overlaying digital information onto the physical environment.4. Agent-based Modeling (基于代理的建模): A simulation technique that models the behavior of individual agents or entities and their interactions within a system. Agents can represent individuals, organizations, or other entities, and their behavior is governed by predefined rules or algorithms.5. Monte Carlo Simulation (蒙特卡洛仿真): A statistical technique that uses random sampling to model and analyze the behavior of complex systems. It is particularly useful for assessing the risk and uncertainty associated with decision-making processes.6. Discrete Event Simulation (离散事件仿真): A simulation technique that models the behavior of a system as a sequence of discrete events in time. It is commonly used to study systems with dynamic, time-dependent processes, such as manufacturing systems or transportationnetworks.7. Continuous Simulation (连续仿真): A simulation technique that models the behavior of a system as a continuous function of time. It is often used to study systems with continuous, time-dependent processes, such as fluid dynamics or electrical circuits.8. Sensitivity Analysis (敏感性分析): A technique used to assess the impact of changes in input parameters or assumptions on the output of a simulation model. It helps identify the most influential factors and understand the robustness of the model.9. Validation (验证): The process of comparing the behavior of a simulation model to the real-world system it represents. It involves verifying that the model accurately reproduces the observed behavior and meets the intended objectives.10. Optimization (优化): The process of finding the best possible solution to a problem within a given set ofconstraints. In simulation, optimization techniques are often used to identify the optimal configuration or parameter values that maximize or minimize a certain objective.这些术语涵盖了仿真领域的一些关键概念和技术。

华东师范大学系统分析与集成博士研究生课程

华东师范大学系统分析与集成博士研究生课程专业名称：系统分析与集成课程编号：B0112010711003 课程名称：非线性控制系统理论与应用课程英文名称：Nonlinear Control-System Theory and Application学分: 3 周学时总学时：54课程性质：博士学位专业课适用专业：系统理论、系统分析与集成教学内容及基本要求:教学内容：1. 反馈系统分析（包括绝对稳定性，小增益定理，描写函数方法）2. 反馈线性化（包括输入-状态线性化，输入-输出线性化，状态反馈控制）、3. 微分几何方法（包括微分几何工具，输入-输出线性化，输入-状态线性化4. Lyapunov设计方法5. Backstepping方法6. 滑模控制7. 自适应控制。

基本要求：要求掌握解决问题的思想方法和技巧。

考核方式及要求：笔试。

学习本课程的前期课程要求：线性系统教材及主要参考书目、文献与资料：1. Hassan K. Khalil：《Nonlinear System (Second edition)》。

填写人：陈树中教授审核人：顾国庆教授课程编号：B0112010711004 课程名称：分布计算与分布式系统课程英文名称：Systems and Architecture of Distributed Databases学分: 3 周学时总学时：54课程性质：博士学位专业课适用专业：系统理论、系统分析与集成教学内容及基本要求:教学内容：本课程主要讨论分布式数据库系统的原理，技术和系统结构。

在第一部分，介绍DBMS的主要成分。

第二部分介绍经典的分布数据库系统理论和系统。

第三部分主要讨论Internet/Intranet时代的分布数据库理论和系统。

基本要求：学生在理解讲课内容的基础上，阅读大量相关论文，从而对基本知识有深入理解和对前沿技术有全面的了解。

考核方式及要求：考试。

学习本课程的前期课程要求：数据库系统基础，计算机网络基础教材及主要参考书目、文献与资料：1.周龙骧等：《分布式数据库管理系统实现技术》，科学出版社，1998。

仿真模型设计英文翻译

SIMULATION MODEL DESIGN仿真模型设计ABSTRACT摘要In this state of the art talk, we will present a structure for defining and categorizing simulation model designs. In the past, simulation researchers have created categories for discrete event simulation: event, process and activity; however, there are problems with this breakdown. First, the major problem is that the taxonomy based on these three sub-types deals with only discrete event methods. Discrete time methods including a spatial decomposition of a physical system(cellular automata, L-Systems) or a continuous model are not included. Second, the terms “event,” process”and “activity” create a division among classes of simulation languages, rather than a division based on model design. The term “process,” f or example, is really a level of abstraction higher than “event” and is not orthogonal to “event.” The structure that we present in this talk is more comprehensive and provides simulations with a unified framework that is independent of the terms discrete and continuous.我们将提出一份结构界定及分类模型设计.在过去, 模拟研究者创建类别离散事件模拟:事件过程和活动; 不过,有问题这一细分. 第一,主要的问题是,分类的基础上,这三个子类处理,只有离散事件的方法. 离散时间的方法,包括空间分解一个物理系统(元胞自动机,L-系统)或连续模型,则不包括在内. 第二,从"事件"过程"和"活动",营造一个分工各阶层仿真语言而非部基于模型设计. 所谓"过程中,"例如, 真是一个较高的抽象层次比"活动",而不是正交的"盛会" 这个架构之下,我们目前在这次演讲是比较全面,并提供一个统一模拟的框架,是独立的职权离散连续1 OVERVIEW1概况Simulation is a tightly coupled and iterative three component process composed of 1) model design, 2) model execution and 3) execution analysis as shown in Fig. 1 along with the relevant sub-areas and book chapter numbers in a book which has just been published in the Fall of 1994 (Fish wick 1995). The bold lines in Fig. 1 are to show our emphasis in the text: model design and model execution. The third area of execution analysis already has broad coverage in simulation and is not covered in the book or this state of the art talk. Also, in this talk, we will cover model design and not algorithms for model execution. Perhaps the hardest general problem in simulation is determining the exact method that one should use to create a model. After all, where does one begin? Just as the discipline of software engineering has emerged to address this question for software, in general, modelers also have a need to explore similar issues: how dower engineermodels? While there are many modeling techniques for simulation, we are often in a quandary as to which model technique to use, and under what conditions we should use it. Our approach is depicted in Fig. 2 along with the associated chapter references where each modeling method is defined. For the talk, we will proceed to briefly discuss the model types. A more complete written treatment is provided in Fish wick (1995).仿真是一紧耦合迭代三个部分组成的过程:1)模型设计 2)模型执行和3)执行情况分析如图. 1连同相关小区及书章数在一本刚刚出版的 1994年秋季(Fishwick1995). 大胆的线路图. 第一是要展示我们的重点,在文字:模具设计和模范执行. 第三方面的执行分析已经复盖面宽的模拟,而不是盖在书或这个国家的艺术讲座. 另外,在这次会谈中,我们将涵盖模式设计,而不是算法的执行模式. 也许是最难的一般问题,在模拟确定准确的方法,一要利用创造一种模式. 毕竟,从何处着手呢? 正如纪律的软件工程出现了解决这一问题的软件,一般模具设计者也有必要探讨类似的问题:如何进行工程师模式? 虽然有许多建模技术用于模拟, 我们常常处于两难局面,因为该模型技术的运用, 以及在什么条件下,我们应该利用它. 我们的方针是描图. 2连同相关章节参考资料每个建模方法的定义. 在会谈中,我们将开始讨论一下模型类型.Fishwick(1995年)的一个较完整的书面治疗提供.2 MODEL TYPES2模型类型There are five basic model types, and one complex ”kJ type which includes abstraction levels, each composed of one of the basic types. All model types are now discussed.有五个基本模式类型,和一个复杂的"焦式,其中包括抽象层次各由一国的基本类型. 所有型号类型现讨论.(1)Conceptual Models(1)概念模型Conceptual models represent the first phase in any modeling endeavor. All static and dynamic knowledge about the physical system must be encoded in some form which allows specification of interaction without necessarily specifying the dynamics in quantitative terms. Semantic networks (Woods 1975) present one way of encoding conceptual semantics; however, we have chosen object-oriented design networks (Booch1991; Rumbaugh, Blaha, Premerlani, Frederick, and Lorenson 1991) which have more formal treatment. The ultimate conceptual model is one based on database technology, such as an object-oriented database, capturing all facets of the physical system.概念模型所代表的第一阶段,在任何建模工作. 所有静态和动态的了解物理系统必须打上某种形式允许规格互动不一定要指明的动态和18.22%. 语义网络恢复(Woods1975)本办法之一编码概念语义学; 但是,我们选择了面向对象设计网(Booch1991; Bumbaugh,Blaha,Bremerlani, Frederick和lorenson1991)有较正式修正.终极概念模型是基于数据库技术, 例如一个面向对象的数据库,所有捕捉层面的物理系统.(2)Declarative Models(2)Declarative型号These models permit dynamics to be encoded as statetostate or event-to-event transitions. The idea behind declarative modeling is to focus on the structure of state (or event) from one time period to the next, while de-emphasizing functions or constraints which define the transition. Models such as finite state automata (Hopcroft and Ullman 1979), Markov models, event graphs (Schruben 1983) and temporal logic models (Moszkowski 1986) fall into the declarative category. Declarative models are state-based(FSAs), event-based (event graphs) or a hybrid (Petrinets (Peterson 1981)).这些模型允许动态进行编码,作为国家增生或事件-事件跃迁. 念头宣示建模是着眼于结构的国家(或活动)由一个时期来未来,而不再强调职能或制约,其中确定了过渡. 模型,例如有限状态自动(Hopcroft和ullman1979),马尔可夫模型事件图(schruben1983年)和时序逻辑模型(科夫斯基1986年)落入declarative类. declarative模式是基于状态(大使),基于事件(事件图)或混合(Petrinets(peterson1981)).(3)Functional Models(3)功能模式Functional models represent a directional flow of a signal (discrete or continuous) among transfer functions(boxes). When the system is seen as a set of boxes communicating with messages or signals, the functional paradigm takes hold. The use of functional models is found in control engineering (Ogata1970; Dorf 1986) (with continuous signals) as well as queuing networks for computer system model design (MacDougall 1987). Some functional systems focus not so muchon the functions, but more on the variables. Such models include signal flow graphs, compartmental models (Jacquez 1985), and Systems Dynamics (Roberts, Andersen, Deal, Garet, and Shaffer1983).功能模块,代表了定向流动的一个信号(离散或连续)之间的传递函数(箱). 当系统被看作是一套箱子沟通讯息或信号,功能范式掌握. 使用功能模块,发现在控制工程(Ogata1970; Dorf1986)(连续信号)以及排队网络计算机系统模型设计(麦德1987). 有些功能制度的重点是不是这么多的功能,但更多的变数. 这种模式包括的信号流图,并求出模型(Jacquez1985),及系统动力学(罗伯茨,安德森, Deal,Garet,Shaffer1983).(4) Constraint Models(4)约束模式There are two types of constraint models:equational and graph-based. Constraint models are models where a balance (or constraint)is at the heart of the model design. In such a case, an equation is often the best characterization of the model since a directional approach such as functional modeling is insufficient. Equational systems include difference models, ODEs and delay differential equations. Graphical models such as bond graphs (Breedveld 1986;karnopp, Margolis, and Rosenberg 1990) and electrical network graphs (Raghuram 1989)are also constraint based.有两种类型的约束模式:等式和图型. 约束模式模式下的平衡(或约束),是在心脏的模型设计. 在这种情况下, 方程式往往是最好的表征的模式,因为一个方向性的做法,诸如功能建模是不够的. 等式系统包括不同的模式,赋与时滞微分方程. 图形模式,如债券图(Breedveld1986年; Karnopp,Margolis, 和罗森堡1990年)和电力网络图(1989年币值)也是基于约束.(5) Spatial Models(5)空间模式If a system is spatially decomposed as for cellular automata (Wolfram 1986; Toffoli and Margolus 1987),Ising systems, PDE-based solutions or finite element models, then the system is being modeled using a spatial modeling technique. Spatial models are used to model systems in great detail, where individual pieces of physical phenomena are modeled by discretizing the geometry of the system. Spatial models are “entity-based” or “space-based.” Entity-based spatial modelsfocus on a fixed space where the entity dynamics are given whereas space-based focus on how the space changes by convolving a template over the space at each time step. PDEs are space-based where the template defines the integration method. L-Systems (Prusinkiewicz and Lindenmeyer 1990) are entity-based since the dynamics are based on how the organism grows over a fixed space.如果一个系统在空间上分解为蜂窝自动(Wolfram1986年; Toffoli和margolus1987),伊辛系统基于PDE解或有限元模型,随后该系统正在modeled利用空间建模技术. 空间模型是用来模拟系统非常详尽, 凡单项物理现象,是仿照离散几何体系. 空间模型是"实体型"或"航天为本" 实体的空间数据模型,重点放在了固定场所的实体动力学刊载而空间的焦点放在如何空间变化convolving模板以上的空间,在每个时间步.PDEs空间的那里的模板定义集成方法. L-系统(Pprusinkiewicz和Lindenmeyer1990)是实体型自动力学是基于如何生物体成长超过定额太空.(6) Multi Models(6) 多种型号Large scale models are built from one or more abstraction levels, each level being designed using one of the aforementioned more primitive model types. The lowest level of abstraction for a system will probablyuse a spatial model whereas the highest level may use a declarative finite state machine. Intermediate levels will often use functional and constraint techniques. Models which are composed of other models are termed multimodal (Fishwick and Zeigler 1992; Fishwick 1992; Fishwick 1993). By utilizing abstraction levels, we can switch levels during the simulationand use the abstraction most appropriate at that given time. This approach gives us multiple levels of explanation and is computationally more efficient than simulating the system at one level.大型模型是建立一个或多个抽象层次每个级别的设计,使用上述任何一种更为原始模型类型. 最低程度的抽象的体制,可能会使用一种空间发展模式,而最高级别的可使用宣示有限状态机. 中级班将经常使用功能和约束技巧. 这些模式是由其他模型被称为多式联运(Fishwick和Zeigler1992年; Fishwick1992年; Fishwick1993). 用抽象层次我们可以切换水平在模拟和运用抽象最适合在这个时候. 这种做法给人多层次的解释,是计算效率高于模拟系统在一个层面.Computer simulation is designing a model of an actual or theoretical physical system, executing the model on a digital computer, and analyzing the execution output. Simulation embodiesthe principle of “learning by doing”-to learn about the system we must first build a model of some sort and then operate the model. Children understand the world around them by simulating (with toys and figurines) most of their interactions with other people, animals and objects. Computer simulation is the electronic equivalent of this type of role playing. It serves to drive synthetic environments and virtual worlds. Within the overall task of simulation, there are three primarysub-fields: model design, model execution and model analysis (see Fig. 1). To simulate something physical, you will first need to create a mathematical model which represents that physical object.Models can take many forms including declarative, functional, constraint, spatial or multimodal. A multimode1 contains multiple integrated models each of which represents a level of granularityfor the physical system. The next task, once a model has been developed, is to execute the modelon a computer. That is, you need to create a computer program which steps through time while updating the state and event variables in your mathematical model. There are many ways to “step through time.” You can, for instance,leap through time using event schedul ing or you can employ small time increments using time slicing. You can also execute (i.e., simulate) the program on a massively parallel computer. This is called parallel and distributed simulation. For manylarge-scale models, this is the only feasible way of getting answers back in a reasonable amount of time. System simulation can be done at many different levels of fidelity. One reader will think of physics-based models and output. Another may think of more abstract models which yield higherlevel, less detailed output as in a queuing network. Models are designed to provide answersat a given abstraction level-the more detailed the model, the more detailed the output. The kind of output you need will suggest the type of model you will employ. An example of graphical output from a physically-based model generated using the program AERO is shown as a stereo pair of “rigid bodies” in Fig. 2. You can view this stereo pair without the use of external viewing aids, by diverging the eyes. (Divergence can be achieved in a variety of ways. Try focusing on an object three or four feet from your eyes. Then place these figures between your eyes and the object. You will see three frames, with the middle frame being the combined left right stereo frame.)计算机仿真设计模型的一个实际或理论物理体系, 执行模型在计算机上,并分析执行输出. 仿真体现了"学做",了解他们的制度,我们必须先建立一个模型,有些那样的话,那么经营模式. 孩子们了解他们周围世界的模拟(玩具及快递)大部分的互动与其他人, 动物及物体. 计算机仿真是相等的电子这一类的角色扮演. 它有助于推动综合环境和虚拟世界. 在整个任务的仿真,有三个主要的分支领域:模型设计模型执行和模型分析(见图. 1). 来模拟一些物理,你首先要建立一个数学模型,其中,代表实物. 模型可以采取多种形式,包括宣示,功能有限,空间或多式联运. 一多式联运含有多重整合模式各自代表一个层面的粒度的物理系统. 下一个任务,一旦模型已经制定,是执行示范一台电脑. 即你必须建立一个计算机程序的步骤,通过的时间,同时更新状态和事件的变数在您数学模型. 有很多方法"的步骤,通过时间"的认识. 你可以,比如跨越时间使用事件调度或者你可以用小的时间增量利用时间切片. 你也可以执行(即模拟)的计划,大规模并行计算机. 这就是所谓的并行与分布仿真. 对于许多大型模型,这是唯一可行的方式得到的答案早在一个合理的时间. 仿真系统可在13多个不同层次的忠诚度. 一位读者会认为物理模型和输出. 另一个则可能认为较抽象的模型,其中产量上级,不太详细输出作为一个排队网络. 型号的设计提供了答案,在一个特定的抽象层次的更详细的模型,更详细的输出. 什么样的输出,你需要将建议采用哪种模式,你会聘用. 为例图形输出从一个物理模型产生器程序aero显示为37,239美元一双 "刚性机构"无花果. 2. 你可以把这个立体无需使用外部看艾滋病,不同的眼睛. (分歧,可以通过各种方式. 尽量集中于一个对象三或四英尺从贵眼睛. 然后把这些数字与你的眼睛与物体. 你会看到三个帧, 随着帧被合并左侧的立体框架).Technologies such as Simulation and Virtual Reality will dominate the entertainment and science forefronts well into the next century. With today’s computer prices, personal computers are highly affordable. Armed with your computer, you can proceed to build models of reality and “let them loose” to see what happens and to learn more about reality by modeling it. While what we may do today may be primitive by standards set in science fiction shows such as Star Trek (The Holodeck)and Lawnmower Man, the present computer simulation discipline will lead the way to these eventual goals. The key word is “digital” as pointed out by many such as Nicholas Negroponte at the MIT Media Lab in his recent text “Being Digital.” We want to create di gital replicas of everything you see as you look around you while reading this article. When you want to concoct a digital world, you will pick digital objects, using a 3D, immersive construction tool to put them together. The digital objects may be located anywhere on the Internet. You will use help tools (or autonomous agents) to locate the building block objects for your digital world. Some work is being done in Distributed Interactive Simulation which is a thrust pioneered by the Department of Defense. The implications of these types of simulations are profound since the idea of distributed simulation has enormous potential, also, in industrial and entertainment fields.技术,如模拟与虚拟现实技术将主导娱乐和科学前沿,并进入下一世纪. 如今的电脑价格,个人电脑的负担. 手持电脑, 你可以着手建立模型的现实,"让他们松散"来看看,并学习更多对现实的模型. 虽然我们可能做今天可能是原始的标准的科幻表演等星舰 (Holodeck)和剪草机的男子,目前的计算机仿真学科将率先开展对这些最终目标. 关键的一句话是:"数字化"正如许多诸如走下神坛的尼葛洛庞帝的麻省理工学院媒体实验室他最近的文字:"数字化" 我们要创造数字复制品一切你看你看周围在阅读这篇文章. 当你想臆造数字世界,你会选择数字对象,采用三维, 沉浸施工工具把它们放在一起. 数字对象可能位于任何地方上网. 你会使用帮助工具(或自治区代理商)寻找建筑砌块对象为您的数码世界. 有些工作正在做分布式交互仿真是推力最先由国防部. 影响这些类型的模拟,由于深刻的思想分布仿真技术的巨大潜力,同时, 在工业和娱乐等领域.REFERENCES参考资料Booch, G. 1991. Object Oriented Design. BenjaminCummings.Breedveld, P. C. 1986. A Systematic Method to DeriveBond Graph Models. In Second EuropeanSimulation Congress, Antwerp, Belgium.Dorf, R. C. 1986. Modern Control Systems. AddisonWesley.Fishwick, P. A. 1992. An Integrated Approach toSystem Modelling using a Synthesis of ArtificialIntelligence, Software Engineering and SimulationMethodologies. A CM Transactions on Modelingand Computer Simulation. (submitted forreview).Fishwick, P. A. 1993. A simulation environment formultimodeling. Discrete Event Dynamic Systems:Theory and Applications 9, 151-171.Fishwick, P. A. 1995. Simulation Model Design andExecution: Building Digital Worlds. PrenticeHall.Fishwick, P. A. and B. P. Zeigler. 1992. A Multimode1Methodology for Qualitative Model Engineering.ACM Transactions on Modeling and ComputerSimulation 8 (l), 52-81.Hopcroft, J. E. and J. D. Ullman. 1979. Introductionto Automata Theory, Languages and Computation.Addison Wesley.Jacquez, J. A. 1985. Compartmental Analysis in Biologyand Medicine (2nd ed.). University of MichiganPress.Karnopp, D. C., D. L. Margolis, and R. C. Rosenberg. 1990. System Dynamics. John Wiley and Sons. MacDougall, M. H. 1987. Simulating Computer Systems: Techniques and Tools. MIT Press.Moszkowski, B. 1986. Executing Temporal Logic Programs. Cambridge: Cambridge Press.Ogata, K. 1970. Modern Control Engineering. Prentice Hall.Peterson, J. L. 1981. Petri Net Theory and the Modelingof Systems. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, Inc.Prusinkiewicz, P. and A. Lindenmeyer. 1990. The Algorithmic Beauty of Plants. Springer-Verlag.Raghuram, R. 1989. Computer Simulation of Electronic Circuits. John Wiley.Roberts, N., D. Andersen, R. Deal, M. Garet, andW. Shaffer. 1983. Introduction to Computer Simulution:A Systems Dynamics Approach. Addison-Wesley.Rumbaugh, J., M. Blaha, W. Premerlani, E. Frederick,and W. Lorenson. 1991. Object-Oriented Modelingand Design. Prentice Hall.Schruben, L. W. 1983. Simulation Modelingwith Event Graphs. Communications of theA CM 26 (11).Toffoli, T. and N. Margolus. 1987. Cellular Automata Machines: A New Environment for Modeling (2ed.). MIT Press.Wolfram, S. 1986. Theory and Applications of Cellular Automata. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing. (includes selected papers from 1983 -1986).Woods, W. A. 1975. What’s in a Link: Foundationsfor Semantic Networks. In D. Bobrow andA. Collins (Eds.), Representation and Understanding. Academic Press.。

离散事件系统研究前景

离散事件系统研究前景离散事件系统（Discrete Event System，DES）是研究离散事件的发生、交互和演化过程的数学模型和方法。

它广泛应用于工业控制、通信网络、交通运输、金融系统等领域。

离散事件系统研究前景广阔，可以从以下几个方面进行探讨。

离散事件系统在工业控制领域有着重要应用。

随着工业自动化程度的提高，离散事件系统在工业生产中的作用日益凸显。

离散事件系统可以对生产过程中的事件进行建模和仿真，实现对生产过程的监控和控制。

通过对离散事件系统的研究，可以提高工业生产的效率和质量，降低生产成本，提升企业竞争力。

离散事件系统在通信网络领域具有重要意义。

随着互联网的快速发展，通信网络中存在着大量的离散事件，如数据包的传输、路由选择、信号传输等。

研究离散事件系统可以帮助我们理解和优化通信网络的行为和性能。

通过对离散事件系统的建模和仿真，可以提高通信网络的可靠性、稳定性和性能，满足人们对高速、大容量通信的需求。

离散事件系统在交通运输领域也有广泛应用。

交通运输系统中存在着大量的离散事件，如车辆的进出、道路的拥堵、信号的控制等。

离散事件系统可以对交通运输系统进行建模和仿真，帮助我们理解和优化交通运输系统的行为和性能。

通过对离散事件系统的研究，可以提高交通运输系统的效率和安全性，减少交通拥堵和事故发生，改善人们的出行体验。

离散事件系统在金融系统中也有重要应用。

金融市场中存在着大量的离散事件，如交易的发生、价格的波动、订单的执行等。

离散事件系统可以对金融市场进行建模和仿真，帮助我们理解和预测金融市场的行为和趋势。

通过对离散事件系统的研究，可以提高金融市场的效率和稳定性，降低金融风险，促进经济的发展和社会的稳定。

离散事件系统研究前景广阔。

在工业控制、通信网络、交通运输、金融系统等领域，离散事件系统都具有重要的应用价值。

通过对离散事件系统的建模和仿真，可以帮助我们理解和优化系统的行为和性能，提高系统的效率和可靠性。

期刊排名

MS/OR国际期刊最新权威排名A+期刊/超一流期刊1. Management Science （AIS=2.508）众望所归的老大--MS，毫无争议。

UTdallas24排名期刊之一2. Mathematical Programming (1.997)数学优化领域的顶级期刊，能发表的话，绝对是A+的水平。

3. Manufacturing & Service Operations Management (1.895)这个期刊可以视为Management Science 的妹妹或弟弟，文章的深度与MS差不多。

算作A +期刊是没有争议的。

UTdallas24排名期刊之一。

4. Journal of Operations Management (1.892)这个期刊排进A+相信是有争议的，尤其对那些玩数学的学者而言，但是数据在那没办法。

这个期刊偏向实证研究，发表周期很长，发表难度也很大。

在美国很难排进A+的行列，但是欧洲和中国都视为A+。

你光数学玩的好，人家还不要你呢。

UTdallas24排名期刊之一5. Operations Research (1.832)绝对的A+期刊，大家耳熟能详的的两个名字：MS和OR，不多说了。

UTdallas24排名期刊之一6. Mathematics of Operations Research （1.573）运筹学领域的顶级期刊，也许可能大概比OR稍稍能简单一点点，。

7. Transportation Science （1.421）交通运输领域顶级期刊，常年排名第一。

偏数学方法。

8. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological （1.407）交通运输领域顶级期刊，常年排名老二，不过近年来有赶超Transportation Science的趋势。

偏数学方法，更倾向于交通运输方法与技术，以及与交通相关的土木研究方向，比transpo rtation science更注重应用。

discrete-event

This work is partially supported by an ERCIM fellowship for the rst author and by RNRT (National Research Network in Telecommunication) through the MAGDA project (Modeling and Learning for Distributed Management of Alarms). For more information see http://magda.elibel.tm.fr/.
Eric.Fabre@irisa.fr
E. Fabre IRISA-INRIA Campus de Beaulieu 35042 Rennes Cedex France
Abstract
Diagnosis of the breakdown of large distributed systems is often made more complex by the need to construct a global model of system behavior. This becomes especially problematic for those systems that also exhibit dynamic behavior in the form of the addition or removal of system components. We are interested in the diagnosis of distributed systems where some components interact or cooperate. Moreover, the addition of new components or the removal of components should have a minimal e ect on existing diagnosers. Our interest in constructing diagnosers for this class of systems is motivated by a speci c network management application, initially presented in 4]. In this particular network, alarms are emitted when

introduction to discrete event systems 2021 -回复

introduction to discrete event systems 2021 -回复什么是离散事件系统（DES）？DES是一种数学建模方法，用于描述和分析由离散事件驱动的系统。

离散事件是系统中发生的特定变化或事件，比如消息的到达、任务的完成、资源的分配等。

DES可以用来模拟实际系统，以帮助我们理解和预测系统的行为。

离散事件系统的建模方法有很多种，其中最常用的是离散事件系统规范（DEVS）方法。

DEVS方法基于两个基本概念：模型和模拟器。

模型是对系统行为的描述，模拟器则是用于运行模型并观察系统行为的工具。

在DEVS方法中，系统被建模为一组有限状态机，称为原子模型。

原子模型可以描述系统中的一个组件或一个子系统。

每个原子模型都有自己的内部状态和一组输入输出。

内部状态表示系统在某一时刻的属性，例如资源的数量、队列的长度等。

输入是外部事件或消息，输出是系统发出的响应。

原子模型之间可以通过耦合方式连接，形成层级关系。

这种层级关系可以描述系统中的复杂结构，使得模型的建立更加灵活和可扩展。

通过耦合，模型可以在接收到输入事件后向其他模型发送输出事件，从而引发其他模型的行为变化。

模拟器是用于运行DEVS模型的工具。

它能够接收外部输入事件并将其传递给模型，同时也能够从模型中接收输出事件并进行相应的处理。

模拟器的作用是模拟真实系统中的事件交互过程，以便我们可以观察系统的行为和性能。

DEVS方法提供了一种形式化的描述和分析离散事件系统的方式。

它可以帮助我们理解系统的行为特性，比如稳定性、吞吐量、延迟等。

通过模拟实验，我们可以对系统进行优化和改进，以提高系统的性能和效率。

除了DEVS方法，还有其他一些常用的离散事件系统建模方法，比如Petri 网、时序逻辑、排队网络等。

每种方法都有其自身的特点和适用范围。

选择适合的建模方法取决于系统的特征和研究的目的。

离散事件系统的建模与分析在许多领域都有广泛的应用，包括生产制造、通信网络、交通运输、物流和供应链等。

ANDSIMULATIONUSINGSIMEVENTS：利用SimEvents仿真

DISCRETE EVENT SYSTEM THEORYAND SIMULATIONUSING S IM E VENTSFOR TRANSACTION LEVEL MODELINGC. G. CassandrasCenter for Information and Systems Engineering(CISE)Boston University**********/cgcChristos G. Cassandras CODES Lab. -Boston UniversityDISCRETE EVENT SYSTEMSChristos G. Cassandras CODES Lab. -Boston University “Transaction-based”systems exhibit event-driven behavior:System state changes only as a result of discrete events–not timeEvents: “transaction starts”, “transaction ends”, etc.Event-driven dynamics define the class ofDISCRETE EVENT SYSTEMS (DES)such as…Manufacturing SystemsCommunication Networks (e.g., Internet)ComputersC 3I (military) systemsTraffic systems -land, sea, airLogistics, business processesSoftwareTIME -DRIVEN SYSTEM EVENT -DRIVEN SYSTEM TIME-DRIVEN vs EVENT-DRIVEN SYSTEMS Christos G. Cassandras CODES Lab. -Boston UniversitySTATESTIMEt STATE SPACE:X =ℜDYNAMICS:()&,x f x t =x (t )STATES s 1s 2s 3s 4TIME t STATE SPACE:{}X s s s s =1234,,,DYNAMICS:()e x f x ,'=t 2e 2x (t )t 3t 4t 5e 3e 4e 5EVENTS t 1e 1TIME-DRIVEN EVENT-DRIVENREAL VALUED:Position, Velocity,Flow, Volume,Voltage, Current INTEGER VALUED:Number of packets,Number of partsSYMBOLS:Traffic light: green, red,Processor status: on, offTYPICAL STATESCLOCKContinuously changing Discontinuously changing with eachEVENTTIME-DRIVEN vs EVENT-DRIVEN SYSTEMS Christos G. Cassandras CODES Lab. -Boston University CONTINUED State variables are both discrete and continuouscannot rely on calculus alone;symbols vs. variablesLack of event synchronizationInherent uncertainties (events cannot be fully predictable)need accurate stochastic modelsInherent complexity (e.g., too many operating modes)need to live without simple analytical expressions;combinatorial explosion;need new ‘paradigms’and abstraction levelstime cannot drive state transitions;need new mathematical models for state dynamicsMAIN FEATURES OF EVENT-DRIVEN SYSTEMS Christos G. Cassandras CODES Lab. -Boston UniversityWasted clock ticksMore wasted clock ticksEven more wasted clock ticks…INCREASING TIME GRANULARITY Indistinguishable eventsSYNCHRONOUS vs ASYNCHRONOUS BEHAVIORChristos G. Cassandras CODES Lab. -Boston University SYNCHRONOUS:CLOCK drives all state updatesNo event within a “clock tick”⇒no state transitionTwo or more events within a “clock tick”⇒need increased timegranularityASYNCHRONOUS:EVENTS drive all state updatesClock is controlled by events ⇒clock is fixed until next event SYNCHRONOUS vs ASYNCHRONOUS BEHAVIOR Christos G. Cassandras CODES Lab. -Boston UniversityWHY NOT TO USE TIME-DRIVEN MODELS FOR DESChristos G. Cassandras CODES Lab. -Boston University A few reasons for NOT using a time-driven engine to model event-driven systems…1.Asynchronous behavior causinginefficiencies and errors in computation2. Need to model imperative semantics3. Need to model concurrencySimple computation example in a time-driven environment:x + yx y x y TIMETIMETime-driven (synchronous) implementation:-Sum repeatedly evaluated unnecessarily -When evaluation is actually needed,it is done at the wrong times !t 1t 2A s y n c h r o n o u se v e n t s TIME-DRIVEN vs EVENT-DRIVEN COMPUTATION Christos G. Cassandras CODES Lab. -Boston UniversityTIME-DRIVEN vs EVENT-DRIVEN COMPUTATION Christos G. Cassandras CODES Lab. -Boston UniversityAn event-driven model must allow a variable to take multiple values at each point in time.Time-driven models are not intended to operate in this manner.EVENT CONCURRENCYChristos G. Cassandras CODES Lab. -Boston University At EVENT TIME t :-e 1disables process…-…and resets state,-e 2 re-enables processEVENTTime-drivenpoint of view(final effect at tbecause of e 2)e 1e 2t Event-drivenpoint of view (effects of both e 1 and e 2processed at t ) EVENT CONCURRENCY Christos G. Cassandras CODES Lab. -Boston UniversityCONTINUEDQUEUE SERVERCustomer (Transaction)Arrivals Customer (Transaction)Departures Typical EVENTS : a = arrival, d = departureE = {a , d }Typical STATES :x = number in system (0,1,2, …)E = {a , d, r 1, r 2, d 1, d 2}X = {(x CPU , x 1, x 2): x CPU , x 1, x 2≥0}CPU JobsJob Departures12Christos G. Cassandras CODES Lab. -Boston UniversityE = {a , d 1, d 2,…,d N }X = {(x 1,…, x N ): 0 ≤x i ≤b i }1Packets 23Packets Lost Packets Lost…b 1b 2b3COMMUNICATION BLOCKING packets lost ifdownstream buffer fullChristos G. Cassandras CODES Lab. -Boston University DES MODELING FRAMEWORKSSTATE AUTOMATA()f x e x ,'=CODES Lab. -Need an internal mechanism to determineNEXT EVENT e´and henceNEXT STATE ()x f x e ','=()f x e x ,''=NEXT EVENT CODES Lab. -Boston UniversityAssociate aCLOCK VALUE /RESIDUAL LIFETIME yiwith each feasible event ()i x ∈ΓChristos G. Cassandras CODES Lab. -Boston UniversityQUEUE SERVERArrival Events Departure Events{}{}K ,2,1,0 ,==d a )x e x e ax e d x ,,′=+′=−′=>⎧⎨⎩110{}{}(){}(){}a x d a x=>=00all for ,,ΓΓt0x0= 0 ae1= ax0= 1t1ade2= ax0= 2t2ade3= ax0= 3t3adx0= 2e4= dt4TIMED AUTOMATON –A TYPICAL STATE TRAJECTORYChristos G. Cassandras CODES Lab. -Boston UniversitySame idea with the Clock Structure consisting of Stochastic Processes Associate with each event i a Lifetime Distribution based onwhich v i is generatedGeneralized Semi-Markov Process(GSMP)In a simulator, v i is generated through apseudorandom number generatorSTOCHASTIC TIMED AUTOMATONChristos G. Cassandras CODES Lab. -Boston UniversityEVENTS : a = arrival, d = departureE = {a , d }STATES :x = number in system (0,1,2, ...)X = {0, 1, 2, ...}QUEUE SERVERArrival Events Departure Eventsa k: k th arrival times k : k th service start timed k : k th departure timeπQ,k : k th time Q gets tokenπI,k : k th time I gets tokenπB,k : k th time B gets tokenπππQ k k I k k B k ka d s ,,,===−1[]d a d v k k k k d k =+=−max ,,.112, Ka s d Q I B v a v d []a a v s d v k k a kk Q k I k k B k d k =+==+−1,,,,.max ,πππPETRI NETS Christos G. Cassandras CODES Lab. -Boston University CONTINUED ADDITION:MULTIPLICATION:[]a b a b a b a b⊕=⊗=+m a x ,From Petri net model:[]a a va d a v d v d k k a k k k a k k d k =+==++=−−−101100,,.max , Fix:v C v C k a k a d k d ,,,,= , = f o r a l l =12K Equations become:()()()()a a C d L L d a C d C k k a k-k k d k-d +=⊗⊕⊗−−=−∞=⊗⊕⊗111MAX-PLUS ALGEBRAChristos G. Cassandras CODES Lab. -Boston UniversityQueueing model:A (t )B (t )x (t )Specify A (t ) and B (t ) as stochastic processesObtain the probability distribution of x (t ):πk (t )= P [x (t ) = k ], k = 0,1,2...Many performance metrics of interest are expressed inNeed “simple”models for A (t )and/or B (t )(e.g., Poisson processes) Even for the simplest model, assuming the simplestpossible A (t ), B (t ): πk (t )is solution of a modified Bessel function !⇒only steady-state solutions generally possibleFor queueing networks, only a limited class of models can be solved ⇒limited complexity can be handledQueueing theory is intended to be descriptive , not prescriptive , i.e., given a model and control policies:DO ANALYSIS →OBTAIN PERFORMANCE (if possible)→CHECK IF OBJECTIVES ARE METbut not: given objectives, what is the “best”control policy?QUEUEING THEORYChristos G. Cassandras CODES Lab. -Boston University …is simply a computer-based implementation of the DES state trajectory generation mechanism described so farSTATE x TIMEt RANDOM VARIATE GENERATOR SCHEDULED EVENT LIST e 2 t 2...e 1 t 1UPDATE TIMEt'= t 1UPDATE STATE x'= f (x,e 1)x 'INITIALIZEDELETE INFEASIBLE(e k , t k )x 'ADD NEW FEASIBLE(e k , t'+v k )AND RE-ORDERt 'new event lifetimes v kt 'DISCRETE EVENT SIMULATIONChristos G. Cassandras CODES Lab. -Boston Universityt 0x 0= 0e 1= a x 0= 1t 1e 2= a x 0= 2t 2e 3= a x 0= 3t 3t 1a t 4d t 2a x 0= 2e 4= dt 4t 4d t 3a t 5a t 4d SCHEDULEDEVENT LIST(EVENT CALENDAR)SCHEDULED EVENT SCHEDULEDTIMEDISCRETE EVENT SIMULATION -EXAMPLEChristos G. Cassandras CODES Lab. -Boston University DISCRETE EVENT SIMULATIONFOR TRANSACTION-BASED SYSTEMSChristos G. Cassandras CODES Lab. -Boston UniversityGeneral state-based models do not exploit structure of transaction-based systemUse queueing model paradigm instead with modeling “blocks”such as “queues”, “servers”, “switches”, etc. Evaluate system PERFORMANCE through standard metrics:S IM E VENTSThroughput Mean Response Time Prob. of meeting real-time constraints Processor Utilizationsetc…STATES TIMEt x (t )TIME -DRIVEN SYSTEMSimulinkCan also handle some “events”(e.g., level crossings)STATES TIMEt Level-Crossing EventsSIMULINK FOR TIME-DRIVEN SYSTEMSChristos G. Cassandras CODES Lab. -Boston University STATES s 1s 2s 3s 4TIME t t 2e 2x (t )t 3t 4t 5e 3e 4e 5EVENTS t 1e 1EVENT -DRIVEN SYSTEMSTATES s 1s 2s 3s 4TIME t t 2e 2x (t )t 3t 4t 5e 3e 4e 5EVENTSt 1e 1EVENT -DRIVEN SYSTEMSTATES TIME t x (t )TIME -DRIVEN SYSTEM +HYBRID SYSTEMSimulink SimEvents S IM E VENTS FOR EVENT-DRIVEN SYSTEMS Christos G. Cassandras CODES Lab. -Boston UniversityUnderlying Engine: The EVENT CALENDARCODES Lab. -Boston UniversityVENTSCODES Lab. -Boston UniversityDELAYChristos G. Cassandras CODES Lab. -Boston UniversityROUTING ENTITIESVarious network topologiescan be created–Merge entity paths–SCHEDULING: Selectentity from input path–ROUTING: Select outputpath for entity–Replicating entitiesLogic for the control of entity paths can be complicated, but the use of embedded MATLAB blocks makes it easy and flexibleChristos G. Cassandras CODES Lab. -Boston University Christos G. Cassandras CODES Lab. -Boston UniversityChristos G. Cassandras CODES Lab. -Boston University VECTOR AND MATRIX ATTRIBUTESChristos G. Cassandras CODES Lab. -Boston UniversitySimulinkTimingS IM E VENTSTimingExample: adding two queue lengthsCODES Lab. -Boston University Christos G. Cassandras CODES Lab. -Boston UniversityTIMEOUT MODELINGSpecify timing constraintson selected events or activities(e.g., amount of time a transactioncan wait to be executed beforeconsidered useless)Timeout violation can triggerdesirable action in the modelChristos G. Cassandras CODES Lab. -Boston UniversityChristos G. Cassandras CODES Lab. -Boston University •Cassandras and Lafortune, Introduction to Discrete Event Systems (2nd Edition), Springer, 2007•David and Alla, Petri Nets and Grafcet: Tools for Modelling Discrete Event Systems , Prentice-Hall, 1992.•Peterson, Petri Net Theory and the Modeling of Systems , Prentice Hall, 1981REFERENCES ON DISCRETE EVENT SYSTEMS AND SIMULATION。

introduction to discrete event systems 2021 -回复

introduction to discrete event systems 2021 -回复什么是离散事件系统（Discrete Event Systems）？离散事件系统是一种用于建模、分析和控制具有离散状态和离散事件的系统的方法。

在离散事件系统中，系统的状态只能在事件发生时发生变化，而事件则是系统中的基本操作。

这些事件可以是实际系统中发生的任何类型的事件，如消息的到达、任务的完成或资源的请求。

离散事件系统通常用于模拟和分析复杂的实时系统，如交通控制系统、生产线或计算机网络。

离散事件系统的建模方法主要基于有限状态自动机（Finite State Machine，简称FSM）的概念。

FSM是一种数学模型，它描述了系统的状态和状态之间的转移规则。

在离散事件系统中，系统的状态可以是有限的集合，而状态之间的转移则是由事件触发的。

通过定义合适的状态和事件，我们可以利用FSM建立起对实际系统的准确和简洁的描述。

离散事件系统的建模不仅可以帮助我们理解系统的行为，还可以进行系统性能分析和优化。

通过模拟离散事件系统的运行，我们可以收集关于系统行为和性能的数据，从而评估系统的可靠性、效率和资源利用率。

基于这些评估结果，我们可以采取相应的措施来改进系统的设计和运行。

离散事件系统的建模也可以用于系统控制和决策。

通过在FSM中引入控制策略，我们可以实现对系统的自动化控制。

这些控制策略可以是简单的启发式规则，也可以是更复杂的优化算法。

通过对系统的建模和分析，我们可以确定最佳的控制策略，并根据实际需要对其进行调整和优化。

离散事件系统的建模和分析可以使用多种技术和工具。

常用的建模语言包括Petri网、时序逻辑和通信序列进程。

这些语言提供了丰富的表达能力，可以描述复杂的系统行为和交互。

此外，还有一些专门的离散事件系统仿真和优化工具，如MATLAB Simulink、AnyLogic和DESDEVS等，可以帮助我们进行系统模拟、性能分析和控制设计。

离散事件系统建模及其在制造业中的应用研究

离散事件系统建模及其在制造业中的应用研究随着现代经济全球化和产业转型升级，制造业已经成为各国经济发展的关键支柱之一。

在制造业中，生产过程的优化和效率提升至关重要。

离散事件系统（Discrete Event System）是制造业优化和效率提升中的一个关键工具。

本文将探讨离散事件系统的建模及其在制造业中的应用研究。

离散事件系统（DES）是用来描述在离散时间下发生的事件的数学模型。

离散事件系统是由一个有限状态集合、一组事件集合和一组转移函数组成的。

在离散事件系统中，任意时刻系统的状态是完全确定的，而事件发生的时间则是离散的。

系统状态会根据事件发生进行状态转移。

例如，在制造业生产流程中，状态可以表示为状态机、状态表或Petri网，事件可以表示为进料、加工、装配和出料等，转移函数则表示为控制规则。

离散事件系统建模可以帮助制造企业优化生产流程、提升生产效率以及降低成本。

离散事件系统建模在制造业中的应用主要包括以下几个方面：1.生产计划和排程离散事件系统建模可以帮助制造企业实现生产计划和排程的优化。

通过对生产流程的建模和模拟，制造企业可以分析不同生产计划和排程对生产效率和成本的影响，并找到最优的生产计划和排程。

例如，汽车制造企业可以使用离散事件系统建模来分析不同零部件生产厂家的生产能力、供货时间和成本，以及不同组装方式对总生产时间和成本的影响。

2.物流管理离散事件系统建模可以帮助制造企业优化物流管理。

通过对物流流程的建模和模拟，制造企业可以分析不同物流策略的优缺点，并找到最优的物流策略。

例如，电子产品生产企业可以使用离散事件系统建模来分析不同物流策略（如预测销售量、合理安排运输路线和采用智能物流系统等）对成本和效率的影响。

3.质量控制离散事件系统建模可以帮助制造企业优化质量控制。

通过对质量控制流程的建模和模拟，制造企业可以分析不同质量控制策略的优缺点，并找到最优的质量控制策略。

例如，食品生产企业可以使用离散事件系统建模来分析不同检测方式（如传统检测和智能检测）对检测准确率和生产效率的影响。

离散事件系统仿真与优化研究

离散事件系统仿真与优化研究离散事件系统(Discrete Event System，DES)是研究对象在特定时间发生变化的系统。

离散事件系统的应用非常广泛，比如制造业，交通运输，金融业等等。

随着科技的不断进步，离散事件系统的仿真与优化研究也得到了很大的进展。

一、离散事件系统仿真研究离散事件系统仿真用于模拟系统的运行过程。

仿真可以帮助我们更好的理解系统结构和行为。

仿真器(Simulation Software)是离散事件系统仿真的主要工具，包括各种商用及自主开发的仿真软件。

例如，还有用于仿真离散连续系统(Dynamic Hybrid System)，平台Agent-based Simulation及FORCES PRO等。

仿真器可以生成各种不同的输入参数，例如，产品生产速率，设备可用率，故障频率等。

通过模拟各种可能的输入参数，仿真器能够帮助决策者评估系统的潜在性能。

二、离散事件系统优化研究离散事件系统优化可以通过仿真得到系统性能多样性，然后根据系统性能的优化目标，对系统进行建模和可行性分析。

优化的主要目标包括系统效率，生产效率，成本效益，可靠性等。

离散事件系统优化常见的方法包括MATLAB，EZY，Arena和Simulink等等。

优化工具需要制定合适的策略，决策制定，规划和评估。

三、案例分析离散事件系统仿真和优化在实际应用中效果非常好。

比如某一拥堵交通路段，通过仿真和优化建立了合适的车流模型，可以有效地避免路段拥堵和车辆堵塞现象的发生。

另一个例子是在生产领域中，通过仿真和优化模型建立了更科学合理的生产计划方案。

这些例子展现了仿真与优化在离散事件系统中的重要性和效果。

四、结论离散事件系统的仿真和优化是一个非常复杂的问题，因为它涉及到了许多不同的因素。

然而，随着现代技术的发展，仿真和优化工具逐步完善，已经能够解决很多复杂的问题。

要想更好地运用仿真与优化，需要不断地学习和积累相关的理论和实践经验。

只有通过不断地努力和实践，才可以更好地应对未来的挑战和机遇。

unity event system 原理

unity event system 原理
Unity的事件系统是一种以发布者-订阅者模式为基础的事件传递机制。

它允许游戏对象之间发送和接收事件，从而实现游戏对象之间的通信和交互。

事件系统的原理如下：
1. Publisher（发布者）：在事件系统中，任何要发送事件的游戏对象都可以作为发布者。

发布者在发送事件之前需要创建一个特定类型的事件对象，然后通过调用EventSystem类的方法将该事件发送出去。

2. Event Listener（事件监听器）：事件监听器是订阅者，它可以注册自己对特定类型的事件感兴趣。

当事件发送时，事件监听器将会接收到该事件并触发相关响应。

事件监听器可以通过实现特定的接口或继承特定的类来定义自己响应事件的逻辑。

3. Event System（事件系统）：事件系统是事件的管理者，它负责将事件从发布者传递到订阅者。

Unity中的事件系统通过EventSystem类来实现。

事件系统维护了一个事件订阅表，保存了每个事件类型对应的订阅者列表。

当事件被发送时，事件系统会查找相应事件类型的订阅者列表，并将事件传递给订阅者。

4. Event（事件）：事件是由发布者创建的对象，包含了一些数据和标识符。

事件可以是预定义的或者自定义的，用于在游戏对象之间传递信息和触发特定的行为。

通过使用Unity的事件系统，游戏开发者可以方便地实现游戏对象之间的通信和交互，减少对象间的耦合性，提高代码的可重用性和维护性。

DiscreteEventSimulation

The same concept as objects (entities) and object data (attributes) in Object Oriented Programming
18
Mechanics of Simulation
Terminology
Global variables/parameters – System wide values accessible by all entities and resources.
Representation of a dynamic stochastic
system on a computer.
Random outputs
Controls for experimentation
Analysis of experimental output
4
Discrete Event Simulation
If Q(t) The number of jobs in queue at timet
T
Q(t)dt
then 0
Avg. number of customersin queue over timeT.
T
13
“Simulation Performance Measures”
Simulation performance measures.
What is the utilization of the machine?
Analysis Options
At the next level of detail queuing models may be applied.
More information than utilization calculations. Difficult skill to apply. Some G/G/m models were covered in IE 368.

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