斯伦贝谢 钻井工具介绍

Summary
On completion of this module you will be able to: Identify a Connection / Tool Joint Find the correct torque value for your connection Ensure the correct procedure is used in torquing Know the effects of over torquing a connection Know the effects of under torquing a connection K h ff f d i i The major components found in a BHA j p
− (ie. Vertical well vs Horizontal, Rotating vs Sliding)
Mud Principles & Types
The mud has two principles:
1) Carries the cuttings from the bottom of the hole to the surface 2) Cool the bit
BHA & Drill String Components
Objectives
On completion of this module you will be able to describe: List the 4 major types of bits Describe the role that the drilling mud plays Common types of drilling mud The role of the Drill String
The Connection
Threaded connections are used to join the drill string together. together Special fishing assemblies have a right hand thread. For Collars we simply call it a “Connection” For Drill Pipe it is called a “Tool Joint Tool Joint”
Applying Dope
Applying Dope
Putting it on: Keep it dry eep t d y Keep it clean Confirm surface temperature limitations - cold weather! Clean connections thoroughly Use soft brush NO metallic brushes Ensure even coating right down into the thread form Confirm downhole temperature limitations C
Torsional Failures
Torsional stress limit is exceeded. Failures occur in form of stretched pin or belled box. Torsional failures usually occur in the tool joint.
− Basic Collar − MWD or NMDC
Spiral Drill Collar
The BHA
The table shows the typical collar sizes for each hole section
Hole Size 22" - 36" 16" - 17 1/2" 12" - 12 1/4" 8" - 9 7/8" 5 7/8" - 6 1/4" 4" - 5 1/2" Collar Size 9 1/2" - 14" 8" - 9 1/2" 7 3/4" - 8 1/4" 6 1/2" - 6 3/4" 4 3/4" 3 1/2"
The Connection
Objectives
On completion of this module you will be able to: Identify a Connection / Tool Joint Find the correct torque value for your connection Ensure the correct procedure is used in torquing Know the effects of over torquing a connection K th ff t f t i ti Know the effects of under torquing a connection The major components found in a BHA
The Drill String
The Drill String must be able to perform the following things:
Carry a fluid, under pressure, without leaking Transmit torque from surface to the bit Handle tensile loads in various applications
Combination of Tension/Torsion Failures
These failures are most likely to happen while fishing or pulling on stuck pipe. pipe
Biblioteka Baidu
Making a Connection at the Rig site
Shearing Compression
The Drill String
The drill string is commonly considered in two parts: g y p The Bottom Hole Assembly or BHA The Drill Pipe
Why do we need a BHA?
The traditional BHA was derived for drilling vertical and low inclination wells. It provided the following features. Weight
Ready to Torque
Joint Torque
Line Pull
Line Pull Gauge
Load Cell
Iron Roughneck
Iron Roughneck
Connection
Drill String
The Connection
Make-up torque: Ensure Connection is well doped (seal face and threads) Check Torque Gauge & Load Cell Check Length of Tongs (rig tongs) Calculate required line pull ( g tongs) q p (rig g ) Final torque to be read when Tong & line form 90°(rig tongs) g
Note: It is quite possible that you will have various thread connections in your BHA (ie. 4 ½ IF, 4 ½ XH, etc…)
The Connection
Use a Tool Joint identifier
Torque required Torq e is req ired to join drill collars together and m st be must sufficient to make the shoulders a pressure tight seal under bending load g
− P i i f required WOB Provision for i d
Stiffness
− To provide stability − To run in compression − To facilitate directional control
The BHA
The Drill Collar is the component that is most commonly used to p y provide weight g in the BHA. They are available as: Slick Collars
Iron roughnecks
− check that the make/break jaws are similar to the manual tong requirement − if not, see rig mechanic and try to get them altered make-up − if they pinch the box connection specifically the make up torque may not be correct, put a manual tong on and nip up.
Stabbing
Tong Placement
Tong Position on Rotary connections
Manual tongs
− Box, below the thread form, approx 4 - 5” pp − Pin 1 - 2 “ above the shoulder
Connections
A connection is required to join Drill String components:
Simple & Reliable Rapid make / break Oilfield threaded connections are TAPERED
− Tapered connections require less turns to make up than a parallel thread form
Common Mud Types:
Water / Polymer Air / Nitrogen (with a misting agent for lubrication) Oil / Synthetic OBM S th ti
The Drill String
A well is drilled by the destruction and removal of rock from the bottom of the hole. hole To achieve this we need to transmit energy from where it is generated on surface to the place where it is to be generated, surface, used, on bottom. The Drill String forms the conduit. Rock is destroyed by two mechanisms
Which Dope?
Unfriendly Grease Drillpipe lead based compounds contain 50% powdered lead Drillcollar compounds contain zinc and copper Kopr-cote is a common pipe-dope and has good antigalling properties