2016年河北省四级联考申论真题及答案

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2016年河北省公务员考试《行测》真题（2）

2016年河北省公务员考试《行测》真题（2）二、片段阅读。

每道题包含一段文字，要求你从四个选项中选出最恰当的一项，你的选择必须与题干要求相符合。

41.汪曾祺曾说语言不是外部的东西，它是和内在的思想同时存在，不可剥离的。

在他看来写小说就是写语言，语文课学的是语言，但语言不是空壳，而是要承载各种各样的思想、哲学、伦理、道德的。

怎么做人，如何对待父母兄弟姐妹，如何对待朋友，如何对待民族国家和自己的劳动等，这些在语文课里是与语言并存的。

从这个意义来讲，语文教育必须吸收和继承传统文化，而诗歌无疑是传统文化的集大成者。

这段文字意在说明( )A.诗歌中包含丰富的思想、伦理和道德元素B.脱离内在思想的语文教育是空洞无物的C.必须重视诗歌在语文教育中的作用D.语文教育需要和思想品德教育同步进行42.秦汉四百年间，政治与文化相互推动，形成互补机制，其效应是：统一被认为是合理的、正常的，分裂则被认为是违理的、反常的。

秦汉文化造成的这一定势，深刻地影响了此后两千年的中国历史。

国家统一，使多元文化整合的速度与力度加强;而整合后的一统文化，具有强大的凝聚力和向心力，又反过来增加政治一统。

这段文字意在强调( )A.政治与文化存在紧密联系B.秦汉文化对于后世影响深远C.中国文化具有强大的向心力D.国家统一的前提是文化的一统整合43.“据理力争”不是最佳的表达方式，太用力，太急切地想说明道理，反而少了从容淡定。

它反映出“力争”者的不够自信，也表明他对听众辨别事理能力的低估。

以下与作者表述的观点最接近的是( )A.有理不在声高B.公道自在人心C.此时无声胜有声D.针尖不必对麦芒44.政府采购作为公共财政管理的一项重要制度安排，本义是规范政府购买行为、节约财政资金、从源头上防治腐朽。

采购部门不从价格上把关，便违背了制度的初衷。

中国社科院公布的一份调研显示，一些地方政府在采购办公用品过程中，有近八成的商品高于市场价格。

这反映了两个方面的问题，一方面是采购需求的不合理，只求贵的不求对的;另一方面则是政府采购招标环节中存在猫腻。

河北四级联考真题及答案解释

2016河北公务员考试行测真题及答案一常识判断根据题目要求,在四个选项中选出一个最恰当的答案。

1.关于生活常识,下列说法错误的是A.缺碘可能会患“大脖子病”B.吃水果有助于补充维生素C.甲醛可以用作药品的防腐剂D.回收废电池可减少重金属污染2.关于水稻,下列说法错误的是A.是一年生的禾本科植物B.大多为自花授粉并结出种子C.中国、印度、日本都是主产国D.淀粉含量是按照早、中、晚品种的分类标准3.在生活中,下列哪一做法或现象与热胀冷缩无关A.夏天在架设电线时,不宜把电线绷得太紧B.往保温瓶灌开水时,不灌满比灌满更容易保温C.把刚煮熟的鸡蛋放到冷水中浸一下,更容易剥壳D.冬天往玻璃杯中倒开水,应先用少量开水预热杯子4.下列对诗词中的物理现象描述错误的是A.坐地日行八万里,巡天遥看一千河——地球公转B.两岸青山相对出,孤帆一片日边来——运动的相对性C.八月秋高风怒号,卷我屋上三重茅——空气振动发声D.飞流直下三千尺,疑是银河落九天——势能转化为动能5.关于“螳螂捕蝉,黄雀在后”,下列说法错误的是A.蝉、螳螂和黄雀都是消费者B.螳螂和黄雀的行为都属于先天性行为C.螳螂,蝉和黄雀组成了一个生态系统D.蝉和螳螂属于节肢动物,黄雀属于鸟类6.下列经济学基本术语与项目内容之间对应错误的是A.固定成本：企业建造的厂房B.不变资本：企业购入的原材料C.变动成本：企业总经理的工资报酬D.机会成本：为投资股票提前支取定期存款而损失的利息7.下列不属于夫妻共同财产的是A.婚前房屋在婚后所得的租金B.夫妻关系存续期间,军人的复员费和自主择业费C.婚后一方父母出资购买的不动产,产权登记在出资人子女名下D.婚姻存续期间虽未实际取得,但明确可以取得的知识产权收益8.关于古代思想家,下列对应错误的是A.独与天地精神相往来——荀子B.虽千万人,吾往矣——孟子C.知其不可而为之——孔子D.摩顶放踵利天下——墨子9.洲际弹道导弹通常指射程大于8000公里的远程弹道式导弹。

2016年12月大学英语四级真题及完整答案(共两卷)(20200629082958)

2016年 12月大学英语四级真题（第一套）Part I Writing (30minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. Suppose youhave two options upon graduation: one is to take a job in a company and the other togo to a graduate school. You are to make a choice between the two. Write an essay toexplain the reasons for your choice. You should write at least 120 words but no morethan 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each newsreport, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions willbe spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answerfrom the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.Questions 1and 2 are based on the news report you have just the heard.C) A forest fire. D) A Terrorist attack.Questions 3and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard. 3. A) They lost contact with the emergency department.B) They were injured by suddenly falling rocks.C) They sent calls for help via a portable radio.D) They were trapped in an underground elevator.4. A) They provided the miner with food and water.1. A) It was going to be renovated.B) He could no longer pay the rent.C) It was dangerous to live in. D) He had sold it to the royal family.2. A) A storm.B) A strike.B) They sent supplies to keep the miners warm.C) They released the details of the accident.D) They tried hard to repair the accident.Question5 to7 are based on the news report you have just hea . rdC) Close some of its post offices. D) Redesign delivery routes.C) Computerizing mail sorting processes. D) Stopping maildelivery on Saturdays.7. A )A lot of controversy will ariseB) Taxpayers will be very pleasedC) Many people will begin to complainD) Many post office staff will lose their jobsSection BDirections:In this section,you will hear two long conversations.At the end of eachconversation,you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from four choice marked A),B),C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter an Answer sheet1with a single line though the centre.Question8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A)He will lose part of his pay. C)He will be given a warning.B) He will go through retraining. D)He is go good terms with his workmates.9. A)He is an experienced press operator. C)He is always on time.B) He is trustworthy guy. D )He is go good terms with hisworkmates.10. A)She is a trade union representative. C)She is better at handing such matters.B) She is a senior manager of the shop. D)She is in charge of public relation.11. A)He is always trying to stir up trouble.B) He is skilled and experienced.C) He is very close to the manager.D) He is always complaining about low wages.Question12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) Raise postage rates.B) Improve its services. 6. A) Closing offices on holidays. B) Shortening business hours. 12. A)Open. B)Reserved. C)Selfish. D)Friendly.13. A)They read a book. C)They stay quiet.B) They talk about the weather D)They chat with fellow passengers.14. A)She was unwilling to make friends with workmates.B) She was never invited to a colleague ' s home.C) She was eager to visit an English castle.D) She was always treated as a foreigner.15. A) House are much more quiet. C) They want a garden of their own.B) They want to have more space. D) Houses provide more privacy.Section CDirections:In this section,you will hear three passages.At the end of each passage,you will hear three or four questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) They will automatically be given hiring priority.B) They don ' t have to go through job interviews.C) They are likely to get much higher pay.D) They don ' t have much choice of jobs.17. A) Visit the school careers services. C) Look at school bulletin boards.B) Ask their professors for help. D) Go through campus newspapers.18. A) Providing students with information about the library.B) Helping students arrange appointments with librarians.C) Supervising study spaces to ensure a quiet atmosphere.D) Helping students find the books and journals they need.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) It tastes better. C) It is easier to grow.B) It may be sold at a higher price. D) It can better survive extreme weathers.20. A) It can grow in drier soil. C) It will replace green tea one day.B) It is immune to various diseases. D) It is healthier than green tea.21. A) It does not have a stable market.B) It has made tea farmers ' life easier.C) It does not bring the promised health benefits.D) It has been well received by many tea drinkers.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) They care more about environment.B) They decorate their homes themselves.C) They prefer unique objects of high quality.D) They need decorations to show their status.23. A) They made great contributions to society.B) They could only try to create at night.C) They were proud of their creations.D) They focused on the quality of their products.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passagethrough carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Many men and women have long bought into the idea thatthere are “ male ” and“ female ” brains, believing that explains just about every differebnectweeen the sexes. A new stud (y 26)that belief, questioning whether brains really can be distinguished by gender.In the study, Tel Aviv University researchers (27)for sex differences the entire human brain.And what did they find? Not much. Rather than offer evidenee for( 28) brains as“ male ” or “ female, ” research shows that brains fall in to a wide ran ge, with most people falli ng right in the middle.Daph na Joel, who led the study, said her research found that while there aresome gender-base (29) , many different types of brain can' t always be distinguishedby gen der.While the “average ” male and “average ” female bfOiO S wefi e rent, you could n ' t tell it bydxk 24. A) Identify fake crafts.B) Make wise choices.25. A) To attract foreign investments.B) To preserve the traditional culture.C) Design handicrafts themselves. D) Learn the importance of creation. C) To arouse public interest in crafts. D) To boost the local economy.ing at in dividual brain sca ns. Only a small (31) of people had“ a-male” or -feallale ” characteristics.Larry Cahill, an American neuroscientist (神经科学家),said the study is animporta nt additi on to a grow ing body of research questi oning( 32) beliefs about gen der and brain fun cti on. But he cauti oned aga in st con clud ing from this study that all brains are the same,( 33) of gender.“ There' s a moun tai n of evide((34) the importa nee of sex in flue nces at alllevels of brain fun ctio n, ” he told The Seattle Times.If anything, he said, the stud(35) that gender plays a very important role in the brain “ eve n whe n we are not clear exactly how. ”Directi ons: In this secti on, you are going to read a passage with ten stateme nts attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more tha n on ce. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. An swer the questi ons by marki ng the corresp onding letter on Answer Sheet 2Can Burglars Jam Your Wireless Security System?[A] Any product that promises to protect your home deserves careful examination. So it isn' t surprising that you ' ll find plenty of strong opinions about the potential vulnerabilities of popular home-security systems.[B] T he most likely type of burglary （入室盗窃） by far is the unsophisticated crime of opportunity, usually involving a broken window or some forced entry. According to the FBI, crimes like these accounted roughly two-thirds of all household burglaries in the US in 2013.The wide majority of the rest were illegal, unforced entries that resulted from something like a window being left open. The odds of a criminal using technical means to bypass a security system are so small that the FBI doesn' t even track those statistics.[C] One of the main theoretical home-security concerns is whether or not a given system is vulnerable to being blocked from working altogether. With wired setups, the fear is that a burglar （入室盗贼） might be able to shut your system down simply by cutting the right cable. With a wireless setup, you stick battery-powered sensors up around your home that keep an eye on windows, doors, motion, and more. If they detect something wrong while the system is armed, they ' ll transmit a wireless alert signal to a base station that will then raise the alarm. That approach will eliminate most cord-cutting concerns—but what about their wireless equivalent, jamming? With the right device tuned to the right frequency, what ' s to stop a thief from jamming your setup and blocking that alert signal from ever reaching the base station?[D] Jamming concerns are nothing new, and they 'nirqeuneottousecuritysystems. Any device that ' s built to receive a wireless signal at a specific frequencycan be overwhelmed by a stronger signal coming in on the same frequency. For comparison, let ' s say you wanted to “jam” a conversation betweeanll two people —you'd need to do is yell in the listener ' s ear.[E] Security devices are required to list the frequencies they broadcast o—nthat means that a potential thief can find what they need to know with minimal Googling. They will, however, need so know what system they ' re looking for. If you have a sign in your yard declaring what setup you use, that ' d point them in the right direction,though at that point, we ' re talking about a highly targe-steodp,hsisetmicai ted attack,and not the sort forced-entry attack that makes up the majority of burglaries. It ' seasier to find and acquire jamming equipment for some frequencies than it is for others.[F] Wireless security providers will often take steps to help combat the threat of jamming attacks.SimpliSafe,winner of our Editor ' s Choice distinction, utilizes aspecial system that ' s capable of separating incidental RF interference from targetedjamming attacks. When the system thinks it ' s being jammed, it ' ll notify you via push alert（推送警报）.From there, it tOyo u pto sound the alarm manu ally.[G] SimpliSafe was singled out in one recent article on jamming, complete witha video showing the entire system being effectively bypassed with handheld jamming equipment. After taking appropriate measures to contain the RF interference to our test lab, we tested the attack out for ourselves, and were able to verify that it possible with the right equipment. However, we also verified that SimpliSafe 's anti-jamming system works. It caught us in the act, sent an alert to my smartphone, and also listed our RF interference on the system 's event log. The team behind the article and video in question make no mention of the system, or whether or not in detected them.[H] We like the unique nature of that software. It means that a thief likely wouldn 't be able to Google how the system works, then figure out a way around it. Even if they could, SimpliSafe claims that its system is always evolving, and that it varies slightly from system to system, which means there wouldn a universal 't be magic formula for cracking it. Other systems also seem confident on the subject of jamming. The team at Frontpoint addresses the issue in a blog on its site, citing theirown jam protection software and claiming that there aren ' tc a sneysd o fcumented successful jam attack since the company began offering wireless security sensors in the 1980s.[I] Jamming attacks are absolutely possible. As said before, with the right equipment and the right know-how, it 's possible to jam any wireless mtraisnssion. But how probable is it that someone will successfully jam their way into your home and steal your stuff?[J] Let 's imagine that you live in a small home with a wireless security setup thatoffers a functional anti-jamming system. First, a thief is going to need to target your home, specifically. Then, he 's going to need to know the technical details of yoursystem and acquire the specific equipment necessary for jamming your specific setup. Presumably, you keep your doors locked at night and wheil you 're away. So the thief will still need to break in. That means defeating the lock somehow, or breaking a window. He 'll need to be jamming you at this point, as a broken window or openeddoor would normally release the alarm. So, too, would the motion detectors in your home, so the thief will need to continue jamming once he ' s inside and searching for things to steal. However, he ' ll need to do so without trippin-jgamthme ianngtisystem,the details of which he almost certainly does now have access to.[K] A t the end of the day, these kinds of systems are primarily designed to protect against the sort of opportunistic smash-and-grab attack that makes up the majority of burglaries. They 're also only a single layer in what should ideally be -asimdeadny approach to securing your home, one that includes common sense things like sound locks and proper exterior lighting at night. No system is impenetrable, and none can promise to eliminate the worst case completely. Every one of them has vulnerabilities that a knowledgeable thief could theoretically exploit. A good system is one that keeps that worst-case setting as improbable as possible while also offering strong protection in the event of a less-extraordinary attack.36. It is possible for burglars to make jamming attacks with the necessary equipment and skill.37. Interfering with a wireless security system is similar to interfering with a conversation.38. A burglar has to continuously jam the wireless security device to avoid triggeringthe alarm, both inside and outside the house.39. SimpliSafe provides devices that are able to distinguish incidental radio interference from targetedjamming attacks.40. Only a very small proportion of burglaries are committed by technical means.41. It is difficult to crack SimpliSafe as its system keeps changing.42. Wireless devices will transmit signals so as to activate the alarm once something wrong isdetected.43. Different measures should be taken to protect one ' s home from burglary inaddition to the wireless security system.44. SimpliSafe ' s device can send a warning to the house owner ' s cellphone.45. Burglars can easily get a security device ' s frequency by Internet search.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices markedA) ,B),C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.As a person who writes about food and drink for a living. I couldn first thing about Bill Perry or whether the beers he sells are that great. But I can tell servers an actual living wage.I hate tipping.I hate it because it ' s an obligation disguised as an option. I hate it for thepost-dinner math it requires of me. But mostly, I hate tipping because I believe I would be in a better place if pay decisions regarding employees were simply left up to their employers, as is the custom in virtually every other industry.Most of you probably think that you hate tipping, too. Research suggests otherwise. You actually love tipping! You like to feel that you have a voice in how much money your server makes. No matter how the math works out, you persistently view restaurants with voluntary tipping systems as being a better value, which makes it extremely difficult for restaurants and bars to do away with the tipping system.One argument that you tend to hear a lot from the pro-tipping crowd seems logical enough: the service is better when waiters depend on tips, presumably because they see a benefit to successfully veiling their contempt for you. Well, if this were true, we would all be slipping a few 100-dollar bills to our doctors on the way out their doors, too. But as it turns out, waiters see only a tiny bump in tips when they do an exceptional job compared to a passable one. Waiters, keen observers of humanity that they are, are catching on to this; in one poll, a full 30% said they didn' t believthey did had any impact on the tips they received.So come on, folks: get on board with ditching the outdated tip system. Pay a little more upfront for your beer or burger. Support Bill Perry' s pub, and any other bar or restaurant that doesn ' t ask you to do drunken math. 46. What can we learn about Bill Perry from the passage?A) He runs a pub that serves excellent beer. t tell you theyou that I like this guy. That use 'B) He intends to get rid of the tipping practice.C) He gives his staff a considerable sum for tips.D) He lives comfortably without getting any tips.47. What is the main reason why the author hates tipping?A) It sets a bad example for other industries.B) It adds to the burden of ordinary customers.C) It forces the customer to compensate the waiter.D) It poses a great challenge for customers to do math.48. Why do many people love tipping according to the author?A) They help improve the quality of the restaurants they dine in.B) They believe waiters deserve such rewards for good service.C) They want to preserve a wonderful tradition of the industry.D) They can have some say in how much their servers earn.49. What have some waiters come to realize according to a survey?A) Service quality has little effect on tip size.B) It is in human mature to try to save on tips.C) Tips make it more difficult to please customers.D) Tips benefit the boss rather that the employees.50. What does the author argue for in the passage?A) Restaurants should calculate the tips for customers.B) Customers should pay more tips to help improve service.C) Waiters deserve better than just relying on tips for a living.D) Waiters should be paid by employers instead of customers. Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.In the past, falling oil prices have given a boost to the world economy, but recent forecasts for global growth have been toned down, even as oil prices sink lower and lower. Does that mean the link between lower oil prices and growth has weakened?Some experts say there are still good reasons to believe cheap oil should heat up the world economy. Consumers have more money in their pockets when thye' re paying less at the pump. They spend that money on other things, which stimulates the economy.The biggest gains go to countries that import most of their oil like China, Japan, and India, But doesn 't the extra money in the pockets of those cocuo n tsriuems ers 'mean an equal loss in oil producing countries, cancelling out the gains? Not necessarily, says economic researcher Sara Johnson. “ Many oil producers built up huge reserve funds when prices were high, so when prices fall they will draw on their reserves to support gover nment spe nding and subsidies 占)for their con sumers. ”But not all oil producers have big reserves, In Venezuela, collapsing oil prices have sent its economy into free-fall.Economist Carl Weinberg believes the negative effects of plunging oil prices are overwhelming the positive effects of cheaper oil. The implication is a sharp decline in global trade, which has plunged partly because oilp-roducing nations can 't afford toimport as much as they used to.Sara Johnson acknowledges that the global economic benefit from a fall in oil prices today is likely lower than it was in the past. One reason is that more countries are big oil producers now, so the nations suffering from the price drop account for a larger share of the global economy.Consumers, in the U.S. at least, are acting cautiously with the savings they getting at the gas pump, as the memory of the recent great recession is still fresh in their mind. And a number of oil-producing countries are trimming their gasolinesubsidies and raising taxes, so the net savings for global consumers is not as big as the oil price plunge might suggest.51. What does the author mainly discuss in the passage?A) The reasons behind the plunge of oil prices.B) Possible ways to stimulate the global economy.C) The impact of cheap oil on global economic growth.D) The effect of falling oil prices on consumer spending.52. Why do some experts believe cheap oil will stimulate the global economy?A) Manufacturers can produce consumer goods at a much lower cost.B) Lower oil prices have always given a big boost to the global economy.C) Oil prices may rise or fall but economic laws are not subject to change.D) Consumers will spend their saving from cheap oil on other commodities.53. What happens in many oil-exporting countries when oil prices go down?A) They suspend import of necessities from overseas.B) They reduce production drastically to boost oil prices.C) They use their money reserves to back up consumption.D) They try to stop their economy from going into free-fall.54. How does Carl Weinberg view the current oil price plunge?A) It is one that has seen no parallel in economic history.B) Its negative effects more than cancel out its positive effects.C) It still has a chance to give rise to a boom in the global economy.D) Its effects on the global economy go against existing economic laws.55. Why haven ' t falling oil prices boosted the global economy as they did before?A) People are not spending all the money they save on gas.B) The global economy is likely to undergo another recession.C) Oil importers account for a larger portion of the global economy.D) People the world over are afraid of a further plunge in oil prices.Part IV Translation (30minutes)Directions: For this part,you are allowed 30minutes to transtate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.在中国文化中，红色通常象征着好运、长寿和幸福，在春节和其他喜庆场合，红色到处可见。

2016年公务员考试申论历年真题带解析

1、建设用地使用权抵押合同有效期间，抵押权人有权要求处分抵押建设用地使用权的情形是( )。

A．抵押人占用抵押建设用地使用权的B．设定抵押权的土地发生灭失的C．抵押人宣告破产的D．抵押人被宣告死亡的标准答案： C解析：考察抵押建设用地使用权处分的条件。

发生下列情况时，抵押权人有权要求处分抵押的建设用地使用权：①抵押期限届满，抵押权人未受清偿，抵押人又未能与抵押权人达成延期履行协议的;②抵押人死亡，或者被宣告死亡而无人代为履行到期债务的;或者抵押人的合法继承人、受遗赠人拒绝履行到期债务的;③抵押人在抵押合同期间宣告破产和解散的;④抵押人违反有关规定，擅自处分抵押物的;⑤抵押合同约定的其他情况。

2、建设用地使用权抵押合同有效期间，抵押权人有权要求处分抵押建设用地使用权的情形是( )。

3、城市郊区的乡村地域向城镇地域转化的过程，称为( )。

A．郊区城镇化B．逆城镇化C．过度城镇化D．再城镇化标准答案： A解析：考察郊区城镇化的概念。

郊区城镇化是指城市郊区的乡村地域向城镇地域转化的过程。

4、在房地产市场营销中常说的“金九银十”现象，描述的是购房者的( )特征。

A．消费能力B．消费动机C．消费行为D．消费结构标准答案： C解析：考察房地产消费行为调研的内容。

房地产消费行为调研就是对消费者购买房地产的模式和习惯的调研。

河北省四级联考真题（附答案）

河北省四级联考真题（附答案）河北省四级联考真题及答案第一部分常识判断1、2009年6月1日，《中华人民共和国食品安全法》正式实施，从此_____取代了沿用几十年的食品卫生许可证。

A 食品安全许可证B 餐饮服务许可证C 餐饮卫生许可证D 餐饮安全许可证2、我国现拥有酒泉、太原、西昌三大航天发射场。

经国务院批准，2009年9月14日，我国第四个航天发射场开始动工建设。

该发射场位于北纬19度，是我国在低纬度滨海地区建设的首个航天发射场，该发射场位于：A 海南B 福建C 浙江D 广西3、公民、法人或者其他组织认为行政机关的____侵犯其合法权益的，可以像人民法院提起行政诉讼。

A 民事侵权行为B 行政指导行为C 行政处分行为D 具体行政行为4、下列有关文学常识的表述，错误的一项是：A 《诗经》是我国最早的一部诗歌总集。

其内容分为风雅颂三类，表现手法有赋比兴三种。

《诗经》是我国现实主义诗歌的源头B 李白的《将进酒》、白居易的《琵琶行》、刘禹锡的《石头城》是唐诗的代表作，柳永的《雨霖铃》、辛弃疾的《永遇乐。

京口北固亭怀古》是宋词的代表作C 徐志摩是新月派的代表作家，其作品《再别康桥》《春风沉醉的晚上》等充分体现了他的创作特点。

D 《等待戈多》是西方荒诞派戏剧的代表作之一，作者萨缪尔贝克特于1969年获得诺贝尔文学奖5、下面的人民币汇率中间价表说明：日期人民币/1美元人民币/1欧元人民币/100日元人民币/1港元人民币/1英镑2009-5-256.82359.55437.21150.8802310.83812010-1-136.82739.88297.47830.8803711.0333A 有利于中国对欧元的出口B 人民币升值C 100美元兑换的人民币减少D 有利于日元区增加对中国的进口6、2010年3月2日，全国政协十一届三次会议在人民大会堂举行新闻发布会，大会发言人赵启正发布新闻并就政协话语权等问题回答了中外记者的提问。

公务员考试申论2016年试题及答案（B类）【4】

公务员考试申论2016年试题及答案（B类）【4】【参考答案】B区质监局依法行政的主要内容有：一是梳理、健全修订各级法律法规等，进行分类，建立依法行政制度体系，加以落实。

二是以标准化方法整合职能体系，厘清工作职权，规范工作程序，明确职权的法律依据等，实现行政审批事项标准化。

三是探索开展柔性执法方式和双轨制执法检查模式，带动企业健康发展。

二、以吴某的遭遇为例，谈谈你对“钓鱼执法”的理解。

(15分)要求：观点明确，语言精练，条理清楚，字数不超过250字。

【参考答案】“钓鱼执法”是指执法机关串通、逼迫他人当诱饵，引诱原本没有违法意图的当事人违法，然后进行执法的行为。

以吴某的遭遇来说，Y派出所某些警察让“黄鹏”做诱饵，吴某为赚外快帮助“黄鹏”套现，结果被事先等候的便衣抓住，遭到警察的勒索。

被逼无奈，吴某只好充当新的诱饵，帮助警察“钓鱼”。

由此可见，“钓鱼执法”本身就是违法行为，它损害了政府公信力和法律的权威性。

因此，各级政府应该对其加大整治力度，坚决杜绝“钓鱼执法”现象的发生，保护群众的合法权益。

三、假如你是城市管理部门的工作人员，请你结合“给定资料6”，针对我国城市管理综合行政执法写一份调查报告。

(25分)要求：语言精练，条理清楚，不要求格式，字数不超过500字。

【参考答案】城市管理是社会管理的一个重要组成部分。

在我国加速城镇化建设的过程中，城市管理综合行政执法应运而生。

它的出现大大提升了城市管理效能，同时也存在一些问题。

为了深入了解我国城市管理综合行政执法现状，我们对其进行了调查摸底，具体情况如下：一、存在问题(一)法律不完善。

只有授权性条款规定、单行法律法规，没有完全明确综合行政执法机关的主体地位及城管机关职能定位。

(二)机构设置以属地管理为主。

各区县分割管理执法;区县政府掌握人、财、物的相关权力，而基层政府缺乏专业执法素养、执法人员及资金。

(三)职责不明确。

执法机关职责划分随意，执法范围过宽，职能不断增加，管理内容庞杂，效率低下;层级地位较低，存在职能交叉，执法独立性不足，无力协调相关部门的行动。

历年河北省公务员考试《申论》真题

河北省公务员考试《申论》真题
申论考试是给了十几段虚假医疗广告的材料，共四道题目：
一、200字概括虚假医疗广告的特征;
二、300字概括虚假医疗广告产生的原因;
三、300字写如何治理医疗广告的建议;
四、以《“名人效应”解析》为题，写一篇1200字的文章。

材料中包括：著名影星唐国强、歌手解小东给北京一所医院作广告，引来众多患者，但却无疗效，引发明星诚信危机;最后一段材料为：赵人卖马花钱让伯乐做做动作，也引来无数的人高价买马，最后以高于先前10倍的价钱成交。

2016年多省公务员联考《申论》真题卷

2016年联考《申论》真题卷（满分：100分；时限：150分钟）一、注意事项1．本题本由给定资料与作答要求两部分组成。

考试时间为150分钟。

其中，阅读给定资料参考时限为40分钟，作答参考时限为110分钟。

满分100分。

2．请在题本、答题卡指定位置上用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔填写自己的姓名和准考证号，并用2B铅笔在准考证号对应的数字上填涂。

3．请用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔在答题卡上指定的区域内作答，超出答题区域的作答无效！4．待监考人员宣布考试开始后，你才可以开始答题。

5．所有题目一律使用现代汉语作答，未按要求作答的，不得分。

6．监考人员宣布考试结束时，考生应立即停止作答，将题本、答题卡和草稿纸都翻过来留在桌上，待监考人员确认数量无误、允许离开后，方可离开。

严禁折叠答题卡！二、给定材料资料1在北京西北部一栋办公楼冷飕飕的地下室里，一群想要成为企业家的人正聚集在计算机屏幕前，注视着他们最新的项目雏形。

而在几公里之外，在一个暖意融融、装修更为豪华的地下演讲厅里，30多名经理和创业者也在讨沦有关新产品和新公司的创意。

这两群人都验证着中国社会对创业热潮日益增长的兴趣。

英语在线教学服务“英语流利说”创始人王某表示：“初创是令人迷恋的新事物。

”“中国的创业精神呈现一种上升趋势。

顶级风投公司正在寻找年轻的创业者——整套生态系统逐步形成。

”据不完全统计，从2013年5月至今中央层面已经出台至少22份相关文件促进创业创新。

各地方政府也纷纷出台政策，简政放权，从财税、金融、保障服务、政策激励等方面支持创新型企业特别是创新型小微企业发展，使各种创新资源向企业集聚，让更多金融产品和服务对接创新需求，用创新的翅膀使中国企业飞向新高度。

2015年10月19日，在全国大众创业万众创新活动周启动仪式上，李克强总理被现场热烈气氛所感染而登台发表即席演讲，称“要为创新创业者站台”。

李克强总理指出，大企业员工和草根创业者通过创新创业都可以成为更多财富的创造者和拥有者。

2013-2016河北省省考申论真题及解析

一、根据给定材料，先判断下列说法的正误，再简要说明理由。

(每小题5分，共20分)要求：理解准确，观点鲜明，理由充分，不超过450字。

1.创意农业=创意+农业资源+非农业资源。

2.创意农业是实现农业现代化的根本途径。

3.某开心农场推出“两日农夫”活动，让城市居民吃农家饭，住农家院，干农家活，享农家乐，该活动深受城市居民的喜爱，开心农场生意。

这属于营销创意农业。

4.山区青年小王以野生核桃为原料，在保持其花纹、色泽的自然状态下，采用新科技方法进行处理，使其成为古色古香、精致典雅的核桃工艺品，并销往全国各地。

这种创意农业模式是一种农产品后续加工创意模式。

二、根据给定材料，谈谈我国创意农业产生的背景。

要求：紧扣材料，概括全面、准确，条理清晰，语言简练;不超过300字。

三、创意农业，思路决定出路，请根据材料4和6，就如何发展创意农业提出建议。

(20分)要求：建议合理，符合实际，内容具体，有针对;不超过300字。

四、按照《现代汉语词典》的解释，“创意”是指提出有创造性的想法、构思等。

世上没有轻而易举的事业，也没有一朝即圆的梦想。

结合你对给定材料的理解，以“创意无止境”为话题，自拟题目，写一篇议论文章。

(40分)要求：不拘泥于“给定材料”，注意联系社会实际和自身体会;见解深刻，主题突出，观点明确;结构完整，思路清晰，语言流畅，书写工整;不少于1000字。

一、根据给定材料，先判断下列说法的正误，再简要说明理由。

(每小题5分，共20分)要求：理解准确，观点鲜明，理由充分，不超过450字。

1.创意农业=创意+农业资源+非农业资源。

2.创意农业是实现农业现代化的根本途径。

3.某开心农场推出“两日农夫”活动，让城市居民吃农家饭，住农家院，干农家活，享农家乐，该活动深受城市居民的喜爱，开心农场生意。

这属于营销创意农业。

2016年12月大学英语四级真题及完整答案(共两卷)

2016年12月大学英语四级真题（第一套）Part I Writing (30minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. Suppose you have two options upon graduation: one is to take a job in a company and the other to go to a graduate school. You are to make a choice between the two. Write an essay to explain the reasons for your choice. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1and 2 are based on the news report you have just the heard.1. A) It was going to be renovated. C) It was dangerous to live in.B) He could no longer pay the rent. D) He had sold it to the royal family.2. A) A storm. C) A forest fire.B) A strike. D) A Terrorist attack.Questions 3and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) They lost contact with the emergency department.B) They were injured by suddenly falling rocks.C) They sent calls for help via a portable radio.D) They were trapped in an underground elevator.4. A) They provided the miner with food and water.B) They sent supplies to keep the miners warm.C) They released the details of the accident.D) They tried hard to repair the accident.Question5 to7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) Raise postage rates. C) Close some of its post offices.B) Improve its services. D) Redesign delivery routes.6. A) Closing offices on holidays. C) Computerizing mail sorting processes.B) Shortening business hours. D) Stopping mail delivery on Saturdays.7.A）A lot of controversy will ariseB) Taxpayers will be very pleasedC) Many people will begin to complainD) Many post office staff will lose their jobsSection BDirections:In this section,you will hear two long the end of eachconversation,you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from four choice marked A),B),C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter an Answer sheet1 with a single line though the centre.Question8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8.A)He will lose part of his pay. C)He will be given a warning.B)He will go through retraining. D)He is go good terms with his workmates.9.A)He is an experienced press operator. C)He is always on time.B)He is trustworthy guy. D）He is go good terms with his workmates.10.A)She is a trade union representative. C)She is better at handing such matters.11.B)She is a senior manager of the shop. D)She is in charge of public relation.12.A)He is always trying to stir up trouble.B)He is skilled and experienced.C)He is very close to the manager.D)He is always complaining about low wages.Question12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.13.A)Open. C)Selfish.B)Reserved. D)Friendly.14.A)They read a book. C)They stay quiet.B)They talk about the weather D)They chat with fellow passengers.15.A)She was unwilling to make friends with workmates.B)She was never invited to a colleague’s home.C)She was eager to visit an English castle.D)She was always treated as a foreigner.House are much more quiet. C) They want a garden of their own.B) They want to have more space. D) Houses provide more privacy. Section CDirections:In this section,you will hear three the end of each passage,you will hear three or four the passage and the questions will be spoken only you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.They will automatically be given hiring priority.B) They don’t have to go through job interviews.C) They are likely to get much higher pay.D) They don’t have much choice of jobs.Visit the school careers services. C) Look at school bulletin boards.B) Ask their professors for help. D) Go through campus newspapers.18.A) Providing students with information about the library.B) Helping students arrange appointments with librarians.C) Supervising study spaces to ensure a quiet atmosphere.D) Helping students find the books and journals they need.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A) It tastes better. C) It is easier to grow.B) It may be sold at a higher price. D) It can better survive extreme weathers.20.A) It can grow in drier soil. C) It will replace green tea one day.B) It is immune to various diseases. D) It is healthier than green tea.21.A) It does not have a stable market.B) It has made tea farmers’ life easier.C) It does not bring the promised health benefits.D) It has been well received by many tea drinkers.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) They care more about environment.B) They decorate their homes themselves.C) They prefer unique objects of high quality.D) They need decorations to show their status.23. A) They made great contributions to society.B) They could only try to create at night.C) They were proud of their creations.D) They focused on the quality of their products.24. A) Identify fake crafts. C) Design handicrafts themselves.B) Make wise choices. D) Learn the importance of creation.25. A) To attract foreign investments. C) To arouse public interest in crafts.B) To preserve the traditional culture. D) To boost the local economy.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Many men and women have long bought into the idea that there are “male” and “female” brains, believing that explains just about every difference between the sexes. A new study（26）that belief, questioning whether brains really can be distinguished by gender.In the study, Tel Aviv University researchers（27）for sex differences the entire human brain.And what did they find Not much. Rather than offer evidence for（28）brains as “male”or “female,” research shows that brains fall into a wide range, with most people falling right in the middle.Daphna Joel, who led the study, said her research found that while there are some gender-based（29）, many different types of brain can’t always be distinguished by gender.While the “average” male and “average” female brains were（30）different, you couldn’t tell it by looking at individual brain scans. Only a small（31）of people had “all-male” or “all-female” characteristics.Larry Cahill, an American neuroscientist (神经科学家),said the study is an important addition to a growing body of research questioning（32）beliefs about gender and brain function. But he cautioned against concluding from this study that all brains are the same,（33）of gender.“There’s a mountain of evidence（34）the importance of sex influences at all levels of brain function,” he told The Seattle Times.If anything, he said, the study（35）that gender plays a very important role in the brain “even when we are not clear exactly how.”Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Can Burglars Jam Your Wireless Security System[A]Any product that promises to protect your home deserves careful examination. So it isn’t surprising that you’ll find plenty of strong opinions about the potential vulnerabilities of popular home-security systems.[B]The most likely type of burglary (入室盗窃) by far is the unsophisticated crime of opportunity, usually involving a broken window or some forced entry. According to the FBI, crimes like these accounted roughly two-thirds of all household burglaries in the US in wide majority of the rest were illegal, unforced entries that resulted from something like a window being left open. The odds of a criminal using technical means to bypass a security system are so small that the FBI doesn’t even track those statistics.[C]One of the main theoretical home-security concerns is whether or not a given system is vulnerable to being blocked from working altogether. With wired setups, the fear is that a burglar (入室盗贼) might be able to shut your system down simply by cutting the right cable. With a wireless setup, you stick battery-powered sensors up around your home that keep an eye on windows, doors, motion, and more. If they detect something wrong while the system is armed, they’ll transmit a wireless alert signal to a base station that will then raise the alarm. That approach will eliminate most cord-cutting concerns—but what about their wireless equivalent, jamming With the right device tuned to the right frequency, what’s to stop a thief from jamming your setup and blocking that alert signal from ever reaching the base station[D]Jamming concerns are nothing new, and they’re not unique to security systems. Any device that’s built to receive a wireless signal at a specific frequency can be overwhelmed by a stronger signal coming in on the same frequency. For comparison, let’s say you wanted to “jam” a conversa tion between two people—all you’d need to do is yell in the listener’s ear.[E] Security devices are required to list the frequencies they broadcast on—that means that a potential thief can find what they need to know with minimal Googling. They will, ho wever, need so know what system they’re looking for. If you have a sign in your yard declaring what setup you use, that’d point them in the right direction, though at that point, we’re talking about a highly targeted, semi-sophisticated attack, and not the sort forced-entry attack that makes up the majority of burglaries. It’s easier to find and acquire jamming equipment for some frequencies than it is for others.[F] Wireless security providers will often take steps to help combat the threat of jamming a ttacks. SimpliSafe, winner of our Editor’s Choice distinction, utilizes a special system that’s capable of separating incidental RF interference from targeted jamming attacks. When the system thinks it’s being jammed, it’ll notify you via push alert(推送警报).From there, it’s up to you to sound the alarm manually.[G] SimpliSafe was singled out in one recent article on jamming, complete with a video showing the entire system being effectively bypassed with handheld jamming equipment. After taking appropriate measures to contain the RF interference to our test lab, we tested the attack out for ourselves, and were able to verify that it’s possible with the right equipment. However, we also verified that SimpliSafe’s anti-jamming system works. It caught us in the act, sent an alert to my smartphone, and also listed our RF interference on the system’s event log. The team behind the article and video in question make no mention of the system, or whether or not in detected them.[H]We like the unique nature of that software. It means that a thief likely wouldn’t be able to Google how the system works, then figure out a way around it. Even if they could, SimpliSafe claims that its system is always evolving, and that it varies slightly from system to system, which mean s there wouldn’t be a universal magic formula for cracking it. Other systems also seem confident on the subject of jamming. The team at Frontpoint addresses the issue in a blog on its site, citing their own jam protection software and claiming that there a ren’t any documented cases of successful jam attack since the company began offering wireless security sensors in the 1980s.[I] Jamming attacks are absolutely possible. As said before, with the right equipment and the right know-how, it’s possible to ja m any wireless transmission. But how probable is it that someone will successfully jam their way into your home and steal your stuff[J] Let’s imagine that you live in a small home with a wireless security setup that offers a functional anti-jamming system. First, a thief is going to need to target your home, specifically. Then, he’s going to need to know the technical details of your system and acquire the specific equipment necessary for jamming your specific setup. Presumably, you keep your doors locke d at night and while you’re away. So the thief will still need to break in. That means defeating the lock somehow, or breaking a window. He’ll need to be jamming you at this point, as a broken windowor opened door would normally release the alarm. So, too, would the motion detectors in your home, so the thief will need to continue jamming once he’s inside and searching for things to steal. However, he’ll need to do so without tripping the anti-jamming system, the details of which he almost certainly does now have access to.[K]At the end of the day, these kinds of systems are primarily designed to protect against the sort of opportunistic smash-and-grab attack that makes up the majority of burglaries. They’re also only a single layer in what should ideall y be a many-sided approach to securing your home, one that includes common sense things like sound locks and proper exterior lighting at night. No system is impenetrable, and none can promise to eliminate the worst case completely. Every one of them has vulnerabilities that a knowledgeable thief could theoretically exploit.A good system is one that keeps that worst-case setting as improbable as possible while also offering strong protection in the event of a less-extraordinary attack.36. It is possible for burglars to make jamming attacks with the necessary equipmentand skill.37. Interfering with a wireless security system is similar to interfering with aconversation.38. A burglar has to continuously jam the wireless security device to avoid triggeringthe alarm, both inside and outside the house.39. SimpliSafe provides devices that are able to distinguish incidental radiointerference from targeted jamming attacks.40. Only a very small proportion of burglaries are committed by technical means.41. It is difficult to crack SimpliSafe as its system keeps changing.42. Wireless devices will transmit signals so as to activate the alarm once somethingwrong is detected.43. Different measures should be taken to protect one’s home from burglary inaddition to the wireless security system.44. SimpliSafe’s device can send a warning to the house owner’s cellphone.45. Burglars can easily get a security device’s frequency by Internet search.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.As a person who writes about food and drink for a living. I couldn’t tell you the first thing about Bill Perry or whether the beers he sells are that great. But I can tell you that I like th is guy. That’s because he plans to ban tipping in favor of paying his servers an actual living wage.I hate tipping.I hate it because it’s an obligation disguised as an option. I hate it for thepost-dinner math it requires of me. But mostly, I hate tipping because I believe I would be in a better place if pay decisions regarding employees were simply left up to their employers, as is the custom in virtually every other industry.Most of you probably think that you hate tipping, too. Research suggests otherwise. You actually love tipping! You like to feel that you have a voice in how much money your server makes. No matter how the math works out, you persistently view restaurants with voluntary tipping systems as being a better value, which makes it extremely difficult for restaurants and bars to do away with the tipping system.One argument that you tend to hear a lot from the pro-tipping crowd seems logical enough: the service is better when waiters depend on tips, presumably because they see a benefit to successfully veiling their contempt for you. Well, if this were true, we would all be slipping a few 100-dollar bills to our doctors on the way out their doors, too. But as it turns out, waiters see only a tiny bump in tips when they do an exceptional job compared to a passable one. Waiters, keen observers of humanity that they are, are catching on to this; in one poll, a full 30% said they didn’t believe the job they did had any impact on the tips they received.So come on, folks: get on board with ditching the outdated tip system. Pay a little more upfront for your beer or burger. Support Bill Perry’s pub, and any other bar or restaurant that doesn’t ask you to do drunken math.46. What can we learn about Bill Perry from the passageA) He runs a pub that serves excellent beer.B) He intends to get rid of the tipping practice.C) He gives his staff a considerable sum for tips.D) He lives comfortably without getting any tips.47. What is the main reason why the author hates tippingA) It sets a bad example for other industries.B) It adds to the burden of ordinary customers.C) It forces the customer to compensate the waiter.D) It poses a great challenge for customers to do math.48. Why do many people love tipping according to the authorA) They help improve the quality of the restaurants they dine in.B) They believe waiters deserve such rewards for good service.C) They want to preserve a wonderful tradition of the industry.D) They can have some say in how much their servers earn.49. What have some waiters come to realize according to a surveyA) Service quality has little effect on tip size.B) It is in human mature to try to save on tips.C) Tips make it more difficult to please customers.D) Tips benefit the boss rather that the employees.50. What does the author argue for in the passageA) Restaurants should calculate the tips for customers.B) Customers should pay more tips to help improve service.C) Waiters deserve better than just relying on tips for a living.D) Waiters should be paid by employers instead of customers.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.In the past, falling oil prices have given a boost to the world economy, but recent forecasts for global growth have been toned down, even as oil prices sink lower and lower. Does that mean the link between lower oil prices and growth has weakenedSome experts say there are still good reasons to believe cheap oil should heat up the world economy. Consumers have more money in their poc kets when they’re paying less at the pump. They spend that money on other things, which stimulates the economy.The biggest gains go to countries that import most of their oil like China, Japan, and India, But doesn’t the extra money in the pockets of those countries’ consumers mean an equal loss in oil producing countries, cancelling out the gains Not necessarily, says economic researcher Sara Johnson. “Many oil producers built up huge reserve funds when prices were high, so when prices fall they will draw on their reserves to support government spending and subsidies(补贴) for their consumers.”But not all oil producers have big reserves, In Venezuela, collapsing oil prices have sent its economy into free-fall.Economist Carl Weinberg believes the negative effects of plunging oil prices are overwhelming the positive effects of cheaper oil. The implication is a sharp decline in global trade, which has plunged partly because oil-producing nations can’t afford to import as much as they used to.Sara Johnson acknowledges that the global economic benefit from a fall in oil prices today is likely lower than it was in the past. One reason is that more countries are big oil producers now, so the nations suffering from the price drop account for a larger share of the global economy.Consumers, in the . at least, are acting cautiously with the savings they’re getting at the gas pump, as the memory of the recent great recession is still fresh in their mind. And a number of oil-producing countries are trimming their gasoline subsidies and raising taxes, so the net savings for global consumers is not as big as the oil price plunge might suggest.51. What does the author mainly discuss in the passageA) The reasons behind the plunge of oil prices.B) Possible ways to stimulate the global economy.C) The impact of cheap oil on global economic growth.D) The effect of falling oil prices on consumer spending.52. Why do some experts believe cheap oil will stimulate the global economyA) Manufacturers can produce consumer goods at a much lower cost.B) Lower oil prices have always given a big boost to the global economy.C) Oil prices may rise or fall but economic laws are not subject to change.D) Consumers will spend their saving from cheap oil on other commodities.53. What happens in many oil-exporting countries when oil prices go downA) They suspend import of necessities from overseas.B) They reduce production drastically to boost oil prices.C) They use their money reserves to back up consumption.D) They try to stop their economy from going into free-fall.54. How does Carl Weinberg view the current oil price plungeA) It is one that has seen no parallel in economic history.B) Its negative effects more than cancel out its positive effects.C) It still has a chance to give rise to a boom in the global economy.D) Its effects on the global economy go against existing economic laws.55. Why haven’t falling oil prices boosted the global economy as they did beforeA) People are not spending all the money they save on gas.B) The global economy is likely to undergo another recession.C) Oil importers account for a larger portion of the global economy.D) People the world over are afraid of a further plunge in oil prices.Part IV Translation (30minutes)Directions: For this part,you are allowed 30minutes to transtate a passage from Chinese into should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.在中国文化中，红色通常象征着好运、长寿和幸福，在春节和其他喜庆场合，红色到处可见。

2016年公务员联考申论真题及参考答案(通用版)

2016年联考《申论》真题卷（满分：100分；时限：150分钟）一、注意事项1．本题本由给定资料与作答要求两部分组成。

考试时间为150分钟。

其中，阅读给定资料参考时限为40分钟，作答参考时限为110分钟。

满分100分。

2．请在题本、答题卡指定位置上用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔填写自己的姓名和准考证号，并用2B铅笔在准考证号对应的数字上填涂。

3．请用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔在答题卡上指定的区域内作答，超出答题区域的作答无效！4．待监考人员宣布考试开始后，你才可以开始答题。

5．所有题目一律使用现代汉语作答，未按要求作答的，不得分。

6．监考人员宣布考试结束时，考生应立即停止作答，将题本、答题卡和草稿纸都翻过来留在桌上，待监考人员确认数量无误、允许离开后，方可离开。

而在几公里之外，在一个暖意融融、装修更为豪华的地下演讲厅里，30多名经理和创业者也在讨沦有关新产品和新公司的创意。

这两群人都验证着中国社会对创业热潮日益增长的兴趣。

英语在线教学服务“英语流利说”创始人王某表示：“初创是令人迷恋的新事物。

”“中国的创业精神呈现一种上升趋势。

顶级风投公司正在寻找年轻的创业者——整套生态系统逐步形成。

”据不完全统计，从2013年5月至今中央层面已经出台至少22份相关文件促进创业创新。

2015年10月19日，在全国大众创业万众创新活动周启动仪式上，李克强总理被现场热烈气氛所感染而登台发表即席演讲，称“要为创新创业者站台”。

李克强总理指出，大企业员工和草根创业者通过创新创业都可以成为更多财富的创造者和拥有者。

2016年河北省公务员考试《申论》真题答案

2016年河北省公务员考试《申论》真题答案>>>点击查看原试题(一)【参考答案】90后创业具有明显优势。

自身优势：一、创业热情高，对新事物兴趣高、接受快，勇于探索，创新能力强;二、受教育水平高，年纪轻，精力旺盛，能吃苦耐劳;三、创业选择空间大，具有互联网思维，更了解年轻人需要，注重服务、娱乐;四、创业成本更低，掌握互联网技术，从中获取即成的经验、机会;五、创业心态不同，思想负担轻，功利心弱，将创业当作项目体验，注重体验过程;六、没有后顾之忧，家庭、养老负担轻，家庭给予帮扶。

外部环境：一、更受投资人青睐，形成创业生态系统。

二、政府重视，扶持政策频出，简政放权。

三、拥有公平的竞争机会与平台。

(256字)(二)【参考答案】社会创业是以解决社会问题为导向，以创新的商业模式为路径，旨在实现财富创造与社会进步之间达到平衡的创业模式。

特点：一、以推进社会进步、创造社会价值为根本导向。

创业者受教育水平高，愿意承担社会责任，关注自然环境，拥有人文关怀，追求愿景理想。

关注创业的社会公益意义和价值体系。

二、兼顾公平与效率，更强调社会公平，致力于利用商业行为提升弱势群体的社会地位。

三、追求创新、可持续的商业模式，立足自身优势结合梦想创造颠覆性产品。

四、不以传统利润模式为导向，不以简单追求个人财富为目标，强调为企业、社会创造财富的同时，回应社会挑战，贡献社会进步。

五、对产品、服务要求明确，设置禁区。

(284字)(三)【参考答案】一、通过股权众筹，解决资金和人才短缺问题。

利用网络，发布股权众筹商业计划书，出让股份，吸引投资整合资源，吸引创业合伙人。

二、创新创业模式，将外部交易变成内部合作。

把投资者、消费者、传播者三种身份合为一，聚集跨界又组合的投资者和资源，解决生存问题，促使项目裂变，带来合作机会。

三、做好项目调研，考察可行性。

明确众筹目标群体进行众筹，考察后选址。

四、做到专业管理。

众筹团队可建立董事会，股东拥有建议权，专业的核心运营团队拥有最终决策权。

河北省公务员考试历年真题及解析汇总(四级联考)

河北省公务员考试行测+申论历年真题及解析汇总2009年河北省公务员考试《行政职业能力测验》试卷第一部分常识判断，在四个选项中选出一个最恰当的答案。

请开始答题：1.为了进一步深化学习实践科学发展观活动，2009年2月13日河北省委、省政府决定在全省各级干部中开展“干部作风建设年”活动。

省委书记张云川强调：加强干部队伍作风建设，其目的是（）。

A. 推动科学发展、促进社会和谐、实现富民强省B. 在“两个转变”、“一个完善”上真正见到实效C. 抓好“五项活动”，建立完善“五项制度”D. 使全省干部队伍作风明显改进2.2009年中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅印发的《关于实行党政领导干部问责的暂行规定》中所规定的对党政领导干部问责的方式不包括（）。

A. 公开道歉B. 引咎辞职C. 责令辞职D. 免职3.世界上最早种植棉花的国家是（）。

A. 中国B. 美国C. 印度D. 埃及4.村民自治是中国共产党领导亿万农民发展中国特色社会主义民主政治的伟大创举。

扩大农村基层民主，实行村民自治，大大激发了广大农民当家做主的积极性、创造性和责任感，掀开了中国农村民主政治建设的新篇章。

下列关于村民自治的表述错误的一项是（）。

A. 乡政府与村民委员会不是领导与被领导的关系B. 村民委员会成员由村民选举产生，每届任期三年，可连选连任C. 村民委员会成员不脱离生产，根据情况，乡政府给予适当财政补贴D. 村民会议是村的“权力机关”，村委会要执行或办理村民会议通过的决定，向村民会议负责并报告工作5.专利权的客体是指能够取得专利法保护的发明创造，我国专利法规定专利权的客体包括（）。

A. 发明专利权、实用新型专利权和科学发展专利权B. 发明专利权、科学发现专利权和疾病治疗专利权C. 外观设计专利权、实用新型专利权和疾病治疗专利权D. 发明专利权、外观设计专利权和实用新型专利权6.复杂劳动被当作简单劳动的倍加，是因为（）。

A. 从事简单劳动不需要专门的学习和训练B. 从事复杂劳动需要专门的学习和训练C. 决定商品价值量的社会必要劳动时间以简单劳动为尺度D. 脑力劳动比体力劳动更加繁琐7.古代“六艺”是指“礼、乐、射、御、书、数”，其中的“御”是指（）。

2016年4.23联考公务员考试申论真题

2016年4月23日公务员联考申论真题（浙江、山东、甘肃、贵州、云南、四川、福建、河北、广东、黑龙江、江西、内蒙古、新疆、兵团、海南、湖北、重庆、广西、湖南、山西、陕西、天津、辽宁、安徽、青海、宁夏）（满分 100 分时限150分钟）题号（一）（二）（三）（四）总分核分人得分一、注意事项1．本题本由给定资料与作答要求两部分组成。

考试时间为150分钟。

其中，阅读给定资料参考时限为40分钟，作答参考时限为 110分钟。

满分 100分。

2．请在题本、答题卡指定位置上用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔填写自己的姓名和准考证号，并用 2B 铅笔在准考证号对应的数字上填涂。

3．请用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔在答题卡上指定的区域内作答，超出答题区域的作答无效！4．待监考人员宣布考试开始后，你才可以开始答题。

5．所有题目一律使用现代汉语作答，未按要求作答的，不得分。

6．监考人员宣布考试结束时，考生应立即停止作答，将题本、答题卡和草稿纸都翻过来留在桌上，待监考人员确认数量无误、允许离开后，方可离开。

严禁折叠答题卡！二、给定资料资料 1在北京西北部一栋办公楼冷飕飕的地下室里，一群想要成为企业家的人正聚集在计算机屏幕前，注视着他们最新的项目雏形。

而在几公里之外，在一个暖意融融、装修更为豪华的地下演讲厅里， 30多名经理和创业者也在讨论有关新产品和新公司的创意。

这两群人都验证着中国社会对创业热潮日益增长的兴趣。

英语在线教学服务“英语流利说” 创始人王某表示：“初创是令人迷恋的新事物。

”“中国的创业精神呈现一种上升趋势。

顶级风投公司正在寻找年轻的创业者——整套生态系统逐步形成。

”据不完全统计，从 2013年5月至今中央层面已经出台至少22份相关文件促进创业创新。

2016申论真题与答案

（满分：100分时限：180分钟）申论一、注意事项1．本题本由给定资料与作答要求两部分组成。

考试时间为180分钟。

其中，阅读给定资料参考时限为50分钟，作答参考时限为130分钟。

满分100分。

2．请在题本、答题卡指定位置上用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔填写自己的和号，并用2B铅笔在号对应的数字上填涂。

3．请用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔在答题卡上指定的区域作答，超出答题区域的作答无效！4．待监考人员宣布考试开始后，你才可以开始答题。

5．所有题目一律使用现代汉语作答，未按要求作答的，不得分。

6．监考人员宣布考试结束时，考生应立即停止作答，将题本、答题卡和草稿纸都翻过来留在桌上，待监考人员确认数量无误、允许离开后，方可离开。

严禁折叠答题卡！二、给定资料1．1867年，约瑟夫在加利福尼亚一个牧场工作，常常一边放羊一边看书。

在他埋头读书时，牲口经常撞倒放牧的铁缝栅栏，跑到附近田里偷吃庄稼。

牧场主对此事十分恼怒，威胁要将他辞掉．约瑟夫经过观察发现，羊很少跨越长满尖刺的蔷薇围墙。

于是，—个偷懒的想法浮上心头：何不用细铁丝做成带刺的网呢？他把细铁丝剪成小段缠在铁丝栅栏上，并将铁丝末端剪成尖刺。

这下，想要偷吃庄稼的羊只好“望网兴叹”，约瑟夫再也不必担心会被辞退了……约瑟夫恐怕做梦也没有想到，他的小发明竟然造就了这样宏大的景观，也没想到他最初用来限制羊的带刺铁丝网，不久就被用来限制人了：带刺铁丝网除了在监狱、集中营、战俘营中用来圈住人外，还在战场上得到了广泛应用。

有人把这种铁丝网列为“改变世界面貌的七项专利之一”，因为这项技术的创新，带来了制度的创新。

有经济学家说，铁丝网催生了美国西部的早期产权制度（铁丝网帮助牧场确定了边界，并因此推动了经济和社会的发展），这才是铁丝网最大的贡献。

铁丝网的发明也由此启示人们，新技术的创意和发明，与人们的生活方式以及制度的改变，都有直接的关联性。

近百年来，人类的科技只能用突飞猛进这样的词汇来形容，如果让一个1900年的发明家来看今天的世界，他会认得汽车、、飞机，也能想象出宇宙飞船、深海潜艇，但他绝对会对计算机、互联网、基因工程、核能一无所知。

2016年公务员考试《申论》真题(省级)(考生版)

2016年公务员考试《申论》真题(省级)（考生版）试卷题量：1题试卷总分：100分试卷限时：120分钟测评/引用码：8lGpFUN一、论述题1、给定资料1．一篇题为《独一无二的“中国范儿”》的文章在网上传播，其中下面两段文字尤其引起了网友的热评：“一个民族有自己的‘民族范儿’，一个国家有自己的‘国家范儿’。

我华夏泱泱大国，五千年的传承．形成了自己独一无二的‘中国范儿’。

”“‘和为贵’一直是我国传统文化的重要内容，从汉唐直至当代，彰显着大国气度，航海家达伽马，在到达非洲大陆时树起了旗帜，标示葡萄牙王室的主权。

然而他不知道，比他早一百多年，一位叫郑和的中国人早已到达了非洲。

郑和并没有树立标示大明主权的旗帜，而是树立了一座丰碑．一座友好而和平的丰碑。

拒绝侵略，传递友好，这就是我中华的气度，我们的‘大国范儿’。

”有网友点评说：这样的文章读得人热血沸腾，豪情万丈。

表现出了中华民族的“大国意识”，看过之后不禁为我是中国人而自豪．还有网友围绕着“大国意识”进一步加以阐述：大国意识不是简单的经济头脑，更深层次的是民族自豪感和生活充实感：大国意识是种具备长远眼光的素质．不是满足眼前蝇头小利的市侩；大国意识是种崇尚奉献的执着，不是吝于个人付出的自私：大国意识的背后是民族崛起的魂魄。

这位网友认为，一个具备了大国实力的国家究竟能否赢得作为大国的相应尊重，究竟能否发挥与大国身份相称的作用，很大程度上取决于他的国民是否具备明智而坚定的大国意识。

也有网友认为：国家形象是一张名片。

树立大国意识的过程，也是中国的国家形象被世界充分认可的过程，这就要求国人具备与大国形象相匹配的公民素质。

这是崛起的大国对公民提出的内在要求，国民要注意自己的一言一行，让自己的行为举止与大国形象相称，展现大国风采。

每个中国人都应自觉树立大国意识，不断提高素质，这是提升中国软实力不可或缺的环节。

与此相关，国民素质问题也自然引起网友的广泛关注和热议。

一位在埃及旅游的中国网友发布了一条微博，微博里卢克索神庙浮雕上赫然刻着中文“某某到此一游”。