动词
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在被动结构中不定式须带to,但是have不用于被 动结构中. He was made to apologize to the guest. 2. have, keep, leave, send, set, get等后接V-ing形式, 表持续性动作。 I'm sorry to keep you waiting for so long.
三、使役动词类
• 表“致使”意义的动词称之为使役动词,如make, let, have, keep, leave, set, send等。使役动词的作 用是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作宾语补足语, 表达不同的含义。分以下三种情况: 1. make, let have等后接不带to的不定式,表“使 /让某人/某物做某事”。 Don't make him do it if he doesn't want to.
十一、省略替代类
• believe, think, suppose, guess, hope, expect, imagine, would like/ love, be afraid等动词用于简略回答中,后接so 来替代肯定分句,用not来替代否定分句。或接to来替代前 面内容相同的不定式,表示看法、意见、设想、打算等。例 如: • ---Will you be able to come to my birthday party? ---I'd love to, but I'm too busy. • 注意:believe, think, suppose, guess等用于否定回答时,既 可以说I believe (think, suppose guess) not,也可以说I don't believe (think, suppose guess) so,但用hope, expect, be afraid作否定回答时,只能说I hope (expect) not以及I'm afraid not,
十三、带介词t0的动词短语类
• 这类短语有be (get) used to, lead to, devote…to, look forward to, stick to, object to, get down to, there is no end to等。当它们后面出现动词时,要用V-ing形 式。例如: 注意区分介词to与不定式符号to a He used to drive on the right and now he is used to driving on the left. (used to表“过去常常”,to为不定 式符号,be used to 表“习惯于”,to为介词) I'm looking forward to seeing you soon.〔look forward to意思是“盼望,期待”,to为介词。)
九、主动表被动动词类
• 英语中有些动词可用其主动形式表达被动含义, 可分为以下三种情况: 1.某些实义动词的主动形式后跟副词表示被动意 义,这类动词有sell, wash, write, last, read, wear 等。这种“动词+副词”结构,常表示事物内部 特有的属性。 • The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift writes smoothly.我父亲作为生日礼物给我的笔写 得很顺。
• 3. have, keep, leave等后接V-ed形式,表被动含义。 I'll keep you informed as soon as I have the news. 我一有消息就通知你。 1. have sb do 让某人干某事 have sb/sth doing 让某人或某事处于某种状态,听 任 have sth done 让别人干某事,遭受到 2.make sb do sth 让某人干某事
• 这类动词有excite, inspire, encourage, interest, satisfy, delight, please, move, frighten, surprise, amaze, astonish, shock, worry, astonish, disappoint, discourage, exhaust, puzzle, tire, terrify等。情感动词后接指人的名词或代词作宾 语,有V-ing和V-ed两种形式,在句中作宾语和表 语,V-ing形式指人,V-ed形式则指事物。 • What disappointing result! We were all disappointed with it.
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七、后接不定式与V-ing形式意义不同动 词类
八、进行时态表将来意义动词类
•
这类动词一般为表位置移动或方向性动词,如 go,come, start, arrive, take, leave, move等。例如:
• When are going off to for Shanghai? 什么时候去上海?
• 3.get sb to do 使某人干某事 get sth done 让别人干某事 4.leave sb to do sth 让某人干某事
使役性动词 1.make /have/ let +sb +do sth. 2.get/set/leave + sb to do/doing sth.
四、含情感色彩的动词
六、后接V-ing形式动词类
•
该类动词常考的有appreciate, avoid, bear, consider, dislike, delay, enjoy, escape, finish, hate, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practise, postpone, resist, risk,' stand, suggest 等。这些动 词须接V-ing形式作宾语。例如; Only by practising speaking English every day can you expect to improve your spoken English.
• remember, try, regret, mean, forget, stop, go on, can't help等后接不定 式与V-ing形式作宾语,表达含义不同。见下表: 动词 接动名词作宾语 接不定式作宾语 Remember 过去发生的动作 将来的动作 try 尝试做某事 努力做某事 regret 对做过的事表示后悔 对要做的事表示遗憾 mean 意味着做某事 企图(打算)做某事 can't help 禁不住做某事 不能帮助做某事 go on 继续做未完成的事情 做完一件事后,接着做另一件事 forget 忘记以前曾做过某事 忘记做某事 stop 中断正在做的事情 中断正在做的事去做别的事 I remember being pad, but I've forgotten the exact amount.
十、虚拟语气动词类
insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, ask, require, request, demand等后接引导的宾语 从句时,谓语动词须用“(should)+动词原形”。 The guard at the gate insisted that everyone should obey the rules.大门的守卫坚持认为每个 人都应该遵守规则。
十四、瞬间(非延续性动词)类
• 这类动词常考的有go, come, leave, start, return, begin, arrive, stop, finish, borrow, lend, open, close, die, become, break, join, marry, employ, graduate等。瞬间(非延续性动词)表短暂性的 动作,因此不可与表“段时间”的for/ since短语 或since从句连用。例如: He has come here for three years.(误) He has been here for three years.(正) It is three years since he came here.(正)
十二、否定转移类
• think, believe, guess, suppose, imagine, expect等 动词后接that引导的宾语从句时,从句若为否定 结构,常将否定词not前移到主句中。 I don't think it is possible to learn a foreign language well without much memory work. 当该结构的主句主语为第一人称时,变为反意疑 问句,后半句的主语和谓语简略形式应与从句保 持一致,否则与主句保持一致。例如: He doesn't believe he will be able to solve the problems by herself, does he?
• 2.后接V-ing形式表正在进行的动作。 Hearing this, I felt my heart beating fast. 3.后接V-ed形式表被动意义。 After his return twenty years later, he found his home town greatly changed.
二、感官动词类
• 常考的感官动词有see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel, find, catch等。感官动词的主要作用是 后接非谓语动词的不同形式作宾语补足语,表达 不同的含义。 1.后接不带to的不定式表示一个发生过或者还没 发生具体的动作。 I often heard the song sung, but I have never heard you sing it.
• 2.某些及物动词转为不及物动词后,其主动形式 表示被动意义,如open(打开,营业),close (关门),shut(关闭),cut(切割),weigh 重), act(上演)等。 The door won't shut. 3.某些不及物动词,如happen, occur, cost以及 短语,如come out(出版),come up(出现), come into being(产生)come to one's mind想 起),turn out(证明是),come about(发 生),break out姆发),belong to (属于)等, 本身表被动含义,所以它们常用主动形式。 Suddenly an idea came to his mind.
五、后接不定式动词类
• afford, agree, choose, determine, expect, decide, learn, offer, mange, hope, want, wish, promise, refuse, fail, pretend, happen等动词,后跟不定式 作宾语。 Thank you for offering to help, but I can manage myself.
动词 Verb
表示动作中状态的词
• 动词(Verb),就是用来表示动作或状态的词汇 • 基本上每个完整的句子都有一个动词,要表示第 二个动作时可使用不定词、动名词、对等连接词 、从属连接词或增加子句等方法连结。
动词的分类
动词
• 动词是英语中最活跃的词类,是句子的核心成分。 此外,英语动词的变化较多,形式颇为复杂,是 英语学习的难点之一。历届高考英语试题常把动 词作为测试的重点,在单项填空题中所占比例在 50%以上。归纳常考动词十五类:
一、连系动词类
• 连系动词按其所表示的意义可分为以下四种: 1.变化类表事物发展变化的过程,如become, go, turn, grow, get, fall等。 2.感觉类表人体部位的感受,如feel, smell, taste, look, sound等。 3.状态类表事物所处的状态,如keep, come, run, remain, stand, lie, stay, prove等。 4.外表特征类表外表给人的印象,如appear, seem, look等。 • 连系动词的作用是后接形容词或相当于形容词的结构 作表语。除了少数几个(如feel, get, become, grow等) 外,不用于进行时态和被动结构。