2008年7中英商法答案
商法08司法考试真题
2008年全国司法资格考试真题（商法）一、单项选择题。
每题所设选项中只有一个正确答案，多选、错选或不选均不得分。
每题1分。
2．德胜公司注册地在萨摩国并在该国设有总部和分支机构，但主要营业机构位于中国深圳，是一家由台湾地区凯旋集团公司全资设立的法人企业。
由于决策失误，德胜公司在中国欠下700万元债务。
对此，下列哪一选项是正确的？A．该债务应以深圳主营机构的全部财产清偿B．该债务应以深圳主营机构和萨摩国总部及分支机构的全部财产清偿C．无论德胜公司的全部财产能否清偿，凯旋公司都应承担连带责任D．当德胜公司的全部财产不足清偿时，由凯旋公司承担补充责任25．甲、乙、丙、丁成立一普通合伙企业，一年后甲转为有限合伙人。
此前，合伙企业欠银行债务30万元，该债务直至合伙企业因严重资不抵债被宣告破产仍未偿还。
对该30万元银行债务的偿还，下列哪一选项是正确的？A．乙、丙、丁应按合伙份额对该笔债务承担清偿责任，甲无须承担责任B．各合伙人均应对该笔债务承担无限连带责任C．乙、丙、丁应对该笔债务承担无限连带责任，甲无须承担责任D．合伙企业已宣告破产，债务归于消灭，各合伙人无须偿还该笔债务26．2007年1月，甲、乙、丙设立一普通合伙企业。
2008年2月，甲与戊结婚。
2008年7月，甲因车祸去世。
甲除戊外没有其他亲人，合伙协议对合伙人资格取得或丧失未作约定。
下列哪一选项是正确的？A．合伙企业中甲的财产份额属于夫妻共同财产B．戊依法自动取得合伙人地位C．经乙、丙一致同意，戊取得合伙人资格D．只能由合伙企业向戊退还甲在合伙企业中的财产份额27．甲将自己的汽车向某保险公司投保财产损失险，附加盗抢险，保险金额按车辆价值确定为20万元。
后该汽车被盗，在保险公司支付了全部保险金额之后，该车辆被公安机关追回。
关于保险金和车辆的处置方法，下列哪一选项是正确的？A．甲无需退还受领的保险金，但车辆归保险公司所有B．车辆归甲所有，但甲应退还受领的保险金C．甲无需退还保险金，车辆应归甲所有D．应由甲和保险公司协商处理保险金与车辆的归属28．甲公司在交易中取得汇票一张，金额10万元，汇票签发人为乙公司，甲公司在承兑时被拒绝。
2008年7月商法试题及答案
2008年7月高等教育自学考试中英合作商务管理专业商法试题（课程代码00808）（考试时间165分钟，满分100分）注意事项：1、试题包括必答题与选答题两部分，必答题满分60分，选答题满分40分。
必答题为一、二、三题，每题20分。
选答题为四、五、六、七题，每题20分，任选两题回答，不得多选，多选者只按选答的前两题计分。
60分为及格线。
2、用圆珠笔或钢笔把答案按题号写在答题纸上，不必抄写题目。
3、可使用计算器、直尺等文具。
第一部分必答题（满分60分）（本部分包括第一、二、三题，每题20分，共60分）一、本题包括1—20题二十个小题，每小题1分，共20分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一个符合题目要求，把所选项前的字母填在括号内。
1、商法属于（ A ）A、技术性的法B、伦理性的法C、判例法D、习惯法2、奠定民法商法以分立为基础的法典是（ B ）A、《德国商法典》B、《法国商法典》C、《日本商法典》D、《希腊商法典》3、根据《合伙企业法》的规定，合伙人对合伙企业的债务应当承担（D ）A、有限按份责任B、有限连带责任C、无限按份责任D、无限连带责任4、根据《合伙企业法》的规定，入伙的条件是（ A ）A、经全体合伙人一致同意B、由合伙人根据少数服从多数的原则决定C、经主管理部门批准D、符合从业人员合伙协议约定的条件5、有关公司与合伙企业的异同，下列说法中正确的是（ D ）A、公司与合伙企业均具务法人资格B、公司与合伙企业的出资人对外均承担有限责任C、冷巴珠股东可以以工业产权出资，合伙企业的合伙人则不得以工业产权出资D、公司成立的基础为公司章程合伙企业的成立基础为合伙协议6、根据《公司法》的规定，有权发行公司债券的主体是（ C ）A、股份有限公司和有限责任公司B、上市公司和有限责任公司C、股份有限公司和国有公司D、上市公司和国有独资公司7、根据《公司法》的规定，公司分配当年税后利润时，应提取（B）作为法定公积金。
2008年国际商务单证专业考试(缮制与操作)答案
一、根据下述合同内容审核信用证，并指出不符之处。
（36分）1、受益人名称与合同卖方不符（合同是SHANGHAI SHENG DA CO.，LTD.，信用证SHANGHAI DA SENG CO.，LTD.）2、开证申请人的地址不符（合同是28, IMAMGONJ，信用证是26,IMAMGONJ）3、商品名称不符（合同是STEEL TAPE RULES，信用证是TAPE RULES）4、商品规格不符（合同是JH-392W和JH-380W，信用证是JH-395W和JH-386W）5、单价不符（合同是USD3.60/DOZ PAIR CFR CHITTAGONG和USD4.20/DOZ PAIRCFRCHITTAGON，信用证是HKD3.60 PER DOZEN CIF CHITTAGONG和HKD4.20 PER DOZEN CIF CHITTAGONG）6、总金额不符（合同是USD9,300.00，信用证是CURRENCY HKD AMOUNT 9800.00）7、包装不符（合同是In Cartons，信用证是PACKING: EXPORT STANDARDSEAWORTHY PACKING）8、装运期不符（合同是During May, 2008，信用证是LATEST DATE OF SHIPMET : MAY2, 2008）9、装运港不符（合同是Shanghai，信用证是ANY CHINESE PORTS）10、分批和转运要求不符（合同是Partial Shipment and Transshipment are allowed.，信用证是PARTIAL SHIPMENT: NOT ALLOWED和TRANSSHIPMENT: NOT ALLOWED）11、合同用的是CFR术语，信用证要求受益人提交保险单不符12、CFR术语，提单上要求注明“FREIGHT COLLECT”不符13、付款期限不符（合同是Sight Letter of Credit，信用证DRAFTS AT 60 DAYS SIGHT）二、根据买方订单及相关资料缮制形式发票（24分）(12) DETAILS OF OUR BANK:BANK OF CHINA, SHANGHAI BRANCH,NO.4 Zhongshan road, Shanghai ,P.R.CHINASWIFT CODE: BKCHCNBJ530BENEFICIARY: SHANGHAI LUCKY SAFETY SCREENS CO., LTDACCOUNT NO: 1281 2242012 7091 015ADDRESS: UNIT C 2/F JINGMAO TOWER SHANGHAI ,CHINASHANGHAI LUCKY SAFETY SCREENS CO., LTD三、根据合同、信用证及补充资料缮制商业发票、海运提单、汇票及普惠制产地证FORM A（共40分）凭信用证号Drawn under industrial bank of Japan,ltd.,head office L/C NO.LC196107800日期按…. .息…. 付款Dated Oct.15,2007 Payable with interest @… .. % per annum 号码汇票金额上海NO.YL71001Exchange for USD12630.00 Shanghai …DEC.05,2007……………见票…………………日后（本汇票之正本未付）付交At *** sight of this FIRST of Exchange (Second of Exchange being unpaid) Pay to the order of BANK OF CHINA,SHANGHAI BRANCH金额the sum of SAY US DOLLARS TWELVE THOUSAND SIX HUNDRED AND THIRTY ONLY此致To: INDUSTRIAL BANK OF JAPAN,HEAD OFFICESHANGHAI YILONG CO.，LTD.XXXSHANGHAI YILONG CO.，LTD.X X X.Shipper Insert Name, Address and PhoneSHANGHAI YILONG CO.，LTD.NO.91 NANING ROAD SHANGHAI ,CHINA.B/L No. TH14HK07596.Consignee Insert Name, Address and PhoneTO ORDER中远集装箱运输有限公司COSCO CONTAINERLINESNotify Party Insert Name, Address and Phone(It is agreed that no responsibility shall attach to the Carrier or his agents for failure to notify)ABC COMPANY1-3 MACHI KU STREET OSAKA ，JAPANPort-to-Port or Combined TransportBILL OF LADINGwise noted. The total number of packages or units stuffed in the container, the description of the goods and the weights shown in this Bill of Loading are furnished by the Merchants, and which the carrier has no reasonable means of checking and is not a part of this Bill of Loading contract. The carrier has issued the number of Bills of Lading stated below, all of this tenor and date, one of the original Bills of Lading must be surrendered and endorsed or sig- ned against the delivery of the shipment and whereupon any other original Bills of Lading shall be void. The Merchants agree to be bound by the terms And conditions of this Bill of Lading as if each had personally signed this Bill of Lading.SEE clause 4 on the back of this Bill of Lading (Terms continued on the back hereof, please read carefully)*Applicable Only When Document Used as a Combined Transport Bill of Lading.Combined Transport * Pre-carriage byCombined Transport * Place of ReceiptOcean Vessel Voy. No. KAOHSIUNG V.0707S .Port of Loading SHANGHAI PORT.Port of Discharge OSAKACombined Transport * Place of DeliveryMarks & Nos. Container / Seal No.ABC OSAKANOS.1-60C/N:SNBU7121820No. of Containers or Packages60 CARTONS Description of Goods (If Dangerous Goods, See Clause 20)CARDBOARD BOXCFS-CFSGross Weight Kgs2160.00KGSMeasurement33.000CBMP a r t i c u l a r s F u r n i s h e d b y M e r c h a n t sDescription of Contents for Shipper’s Use Only (Not Part of This B/L Contract).Total Number Of Containers and/or Packages (In Words) SAY SIXTY CARTONS ONLYFreight & Charges FREIGHT PREPAIDRevenue Tons RatePerPrepaidCollectLADEN ON BOARD THE VESSEL DATE:NOV29,2007BY KAOHSIUNG V.0707SCOSCO CONTAINER LINESCNS01 0108895。
美国统一商法典中英
美国统一商法典 Uniform Commercial Code2008-7-29 【大中小】- ARTICLE 1 - GENERAL PROVISIONSPART 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS [Table of Contents]§ 1-101. Short Titles.（a） This [Act] may be cited as the Uniform Commercial Code.（b） This article may be cited as Uniform Commercial Code-General Provisions.§ 1-102. Scope of Article.This article applies to a transaction to the extent that it is governed by another article of [the Uniform Commercial Code].§ 1-103. Construction of [Uniform Commercial Code] to Promote its Purposes and Policies: Applicability of Supplemental Principles of Law.（a） [The Uniform Commercial Code] must be liberally construed and applied to promote its underlying purposes and policies, which are: （1） to simplify, clarify, and modernize the law governing commercial transactions; （2） to permit the continued expansion of commercial practices through custom, usage, and agreement of the parties; and （3） to make uniform the law among the various jurisdictions.（b） Unless displaced by the particular provisions of [the Uniform Commercial Code], the principles of law and equity, including the law merchant and the law relative to capacity to contract, principal and agent, estoppel, fraud, misrepresentation, duress, coercion, mistake, bankruptcy, and other validating or invalidating cause supplement its provisions.第１—１０１条简称本法称为并可被引用为《统一商法典》。
[财经类试卷]2008年国际商务单证员(单证基础理论与知识)真题试卷及答案与解析
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（B）一切险+偷窃提货不着险
（C）平安险+一切险
（D）水渍险+偷窃提货不着险
20信用证项下，出口人开具的汇票，如遣付款人拒付时，( )。
（A）开证行有权行使追索权
（B）保兑行有权行使追索权
（C）议付行有权行使追索权
（D）付款行有权行使追索权
21我国法定的度量衡制度采用的是( )。
（B）To order of issuing bank
（C）To issuing bank
（D）To order
50信息流电子化的优势是拥有( )。
（A）电子通信平台
（B）网络信息资源
（C）国际贸易平台
（D）网络传播力
二、判断题
40小题，每小题0.5分，共20分。答案为“是”的，请在答题卡上涂A，答案为“否”的，请在答题卡上涂B。
（A）1000台
（B）970台
（C）950台
（D）1050台
9按c组术语成交，货物启运后的风险由( )负担。．
（A）卖方
（B）买方
（C）承运方
（D）保险公司
10一国外来证的有效期为2007年10月30 EI，最迟装运期为10月10日，如未规定装运日后交单的特定期限，而实际发运日期是10月1日。根据《UCP600》规定，最迟的交单期为( )。
（A）货物收据
（B）运输合同的证明
（C）物权赁
（D）无条件支付命令
13关于结汇单证，以下说法正确的是( )。
（A）结汇单证是指国际贸易中，为解决货币收付问题所使用的单据、证明和文件
（B）结汇单证就是托运单、包装单据、运输单据、保险单
（C）仅指国家外汇管理需要的单证一出口收汇核销单
第七版答案(翻译-英译中结果)
内容第1章介绍 (1)第二章会计..........................................................在理想的条件7第三章财务报告的决策有用法 (68)第四章......................................................................有效的证券市场129第五章会计信息的价值相关性 (153)第六章决策有用性................................测量方法194第七章........................................................................测量应用237第8章有效的决策有用的契约方法 (285)第九章的分析冲突 (321)第十章高管薪酬 (371)第十一章盈余管理 (425)第十二章标准设置:经济问题 (487)第十三章标准设置:政治问题 (527)版权©2015年皮尔森加拿大公司。
第一章介绍1.1 这本书的目的1.2 一些历史的角度来看1.3 2007-2008年的市场崩盘1.4 有效的合同1.5 关于道德行为的说明1.6 基于规则的与基于原则的会计准则1.7 财务会计和报告信息的复杂性1.8 会计研究的作用1.9 信息不对称的重要性1.10财务会计理论的基本问题1.11监管作为对根本问题的反应1.12本书的组织结构1.12.1理想条件1.12.2逆向选择1.12.3道德风险1.12.4标准设定1.12.5标准设定过程1.13财务会计理论与会计实务的相关性学习目标及建议教学方法1. 这本书的概要我使用图1.1作为模板来描述这本书的大致轮廓。
由于学生们通常没有机会在第一节课上阅读第一章，所以我非常关注这一章的内容。
我讨论的要点是:•理想的会计环境。
在这里，基于现值的会计是很自然的。
我讨论了这种会计基础可行所需的理想条件，但没有详细讨论，因为这个主题在第2章有更深入的讨论。
087英语翻译试卷答案【可编辑】
全国2008年7月高等教育自学考试英语翻译试题课程代码：00087请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上I. Multiple Choice Questions (30 points, 2 points for each)A. Directions: This part consists of ten sentences, each followed by four different versions marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that is the closest equivalent of the original in terms of meaning and expressiveness.1. The image of a sudden wall of dark water carrying the man and his car away in an instant is still imprinted on my mind.A. 突然浑浊的雨水像一面墙一样压了下来，一下子就连人带车都冲走了。
这情景直到现在还印在我的脑海里。
B. 突然浑浊的雨水像一面墙一样压了下来，一下子就连人带车都冲走了的情景直到现在还印在我的脑海里。
C. 突然浑浊的雨水像一面墙一下子就连人带车都冲走了。
这情景直到现在还印在我的脑海里。
D. 突然浑浊的雨水像一面墙一下子就连人带车都冲走了的情景直到现在还印在我的脑海里。
2. He occasionally gave a smart nod, as if in confirmation of some opinion, though he was notthinking of anything in particular.A. 待一会儿他就轻快地把头一点，好象是对某一个意见表示赞成似的，其实他心里头可并没。
B. 待一会儿他就轻快地把头一点，好象是对某一个意见表示赞成似的，其实他心里头可并没想什么特别的事儿。
2008年国际商务单证员《国际商务单证基础理论与知识》真题及详解
2008年国际商务单证员《国际商务单证基础理论与知识》真题及详解一、单项选择题（40小题，每小题1分，共40分。
单项选择题的答案只能选择一个，多选不得分，请在答案卡上将相应的选项涂黑）1．航空公司的运价通常以“S”表示（）。
A．最低运价B．附减运价C．附加运价D．普通运价【答案】C【解析】航空公司一般用不同的运价代码表示运价种类。
通常以“S”表示等级货物附加运价（Class Rate Surcharge）；“M”表示最低运费；“N”表示45公斤或45公斤以下普通货物运价；“Q”表示45公斤以上普通货物运价;“R”表示等级货物附减运价。
2．我国出口新加坡一批货物共3万美元，分批交货，循环信用证支付，每期使用金额1万美元。
如合同规定，每期需等开证行通知到达，才能恢复到原金额继续使用，则这张信用证是（）。
A．非自动循环信用证B．半自动循环信用证C．自动循环信用证D．自动与非自动同时使用【答案】A【解析】按金额循环在使用后恢复到原金额的具体做法不同，循环信用证分为自动循环信用证、半自动循环信用证和非自动循环信用证。
非自动循环信用证是指该信用证规定金额被使用后，需等开证行通知到达，原金额才能恢复使用。
3．某外贸企业对外以CFR报价，如果客户要求将货物交到某货运站指定承运人时，那么采用（）为宜。
A．FCAB．CIPC．CPTD．DDP【答案】C【解析】与CFR术语下卖方在约定的装运港交货不同的是，采用CPT术语成交时，卖方向指定的承运人交货。
故如果客户要求将货物交到某货运站指定承运人时，那么采用CPT 术语成交为宜。
4．我国是《万国邮政公约》的签约国之一，根据这一公约的规定，进出境邮递物品的“报税单”和“绿色标签”应随同物品通过（）或当事人呈递给海关。
A．报关企业B．国际货运代理公司C．邮政企业或快递公司D．收、发货人【解析】我国是《万国邮政公约》的缔约国。
根据《万国邮政公约》的规定，进出口邮包必须由寄件人填写“报税单”（小件邮包填写“绿色标签”），列明所寄物品的名称、价值、数量，向邮包寄达国家的海关申报。
英文国际商法练习题答案
英文国际商法练习题答案一、选择题1. 国际商法中，合同的成立需要满足哪些条件？A. 要约和承诺B. 双方当事人的同意C. 明确的权利和义务D. 所有上述条件答案：D2. 根据《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》（CISG），卖方的基本义务是什么？A. 交付货物B. 转移货物所有权C. 提供货物运输文件D. 交付货物并转移所有权答案：D3. 在国际贸易中，信用证是一种什么样的支付工具？A. 无条件的支付保证B. 有条件的支付保证C. 一种保险形式D. 一种贷款形式答案：B4. 什么是FOB（Free On Board）条款？A. 卖方负责货物运输到买方指定的港口B. 买方负责货物运输到卖方指定的港口C. 卖方在货物上船后不再承担任何责任D. 买方在货物上船后立即承担所有责任答案：C5. 什么是不可抗力条款？A. 允许一方在对方违约时解除合同的条款B. 允许一方在遇到不可预见事件时解除合同的条款C. 规定合同期限的条款D. 规定合同价格的条款答案：B二、简答题1. 简述国际商法与国内商法的主要区别。
答案：国际商法主要涉及跨国界的商业交易，其法律适用往往需要考虑不同国家的法律体系和国际公约。
而国内商法则主要适用于单一国家的商业交易，其法律适用相对单一，通常遵循该国的法律体系。
2. 解释什么是“最惠国待遇”原则，并举例说明其在国际贸易中的应用。
答案：最惠国待遇原则是指一个国家在贸易上给予另一个国家最优惠的待遇，这种待遇不得低于给予任何其他国家的待遇。
例如，如果A 国给予B国最惠国待遇，那么A国在对B国的进口商品征收关税时，必须保证这种关税是所有国家中最低的。
三、案例分析题案例：某中国公司与一家美国公司签订了一份国际货物销售合同，合同规定采用CIF（Cost, Insurance, and Freight）条款。
货物在运输途中遭遇风暴，导致部分货物损坏。
请问，根据CIF条款，中国公司是否需要对损坏的货物承担责任？答案：根据CIF条款，卖方（中国公司）负责将货物运输到指定目的地，并支付运输和保险费用。
商法复习资料
一、单选题（共20题，40分）1、依据我国票据法,票据追索时效适用()票据法律（2.0）A、出票地B、追索地C、付款地D、承兑地正确答案： A2、我国票据法规定,票据追索时效适用:（2.0）A、出票地法B、背书地法C、保证地法D、付款地法正确答案： A3、某食品公司国外代理人陈某持食品公司代理委托书在A国采购栗子,委托书上写明陈某工作是采购栗子。
一次他看到A国土产公司削价出售核桃,价格十分便宜,于是以食品公司名义将当时A国土产公司所剩的2000多斤核桃全部购下,并交了500元定金,并给A国土产公司出示了食品公司的代理委托书,约好其余的钱由公司再汇来。
如果食品公司拒收核桃,拒付贷款,而陈某也无力履行,造成土产公司的损失,怎么办?依照我国代理法,下列说法正确的是( )（2.0）A、本案属于无权代理,但要保护善意第三人,食品公司应负责赔偿A国土产公司的损失B、本案属于无权代理,但A国土产公司为非善意第三人,食品公司不用赔偿土产公司的损失C、本案属于表见代理,要保护善意第三人,食品公司应负责赔偿A国土产公司的损失D、本案属于表见代理,食品公司不用赔偿A国土产公司的损失正确答案： B4、英美法系法律结构分为:（2.0）A、公法与私法B、普通法与衡平法C、公法与衡平法D、私法与普通法正确答案： B5、依照我国的司法解释,涉外民事诉讼法律关系的诉讼时效,应当依照下列哪一判断确定?（2.0）A、法院地法B、被告住所地法C、原告住所地法D、冲突规范确定的民事法律关系的准据法正确答案： D6、2013年5月中国的卖方与韩国的买方在中国签订买卖一批小麦的合同,合同为FOB青岛6月交货,在中国付款,双方当事人因为小麦的质量发生纠纷,双方当事人未选择法律,若韩国方当事人在中国法院起诉,应如何适用法律,所选法律及原因正确的是:（2.0）A、韩国法律,原告所在国B、中国法律,中国为被告住所国,另外最密切联系地也为中国C、 CISG,是国际公约D、 PICC,是国际惯例正确答案： B7、CISG规定,对于买方延迟提货,风险从()时转移（2.0）A、从实际提货时B、从该提货时C、从订约时D、上面三个都可以正确答案： B8、依据中国2014商标法对驰名商标的保护规定,就什么商品申请注册的商标,是复制、摹仿或者翻译他人已经在中国注册的驰名商标,误导公众,致使该驰名商标注册人的利益可能受到损害的,不予注册并禁止使用。
全国00072_2008年7 月商业银行业务与经营试卷及答案
2008年7月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试商业银行业务与经营试卷课程代码 0072一、单项选择题（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。
错选、多选或未选均无分。
1．历史上第一家资本主义股份制银行是（）A．阿姆斯特丹银行B．英格兰银行C．汉堡银行D．纽伦堡银行2. 《巴塞尔协议》要求的核心资本与风险加权资产的比率不得．．低于（）A．2% B．4%C．8% D．10%3. 以下属于商业银行被动负债的是（）A．同业拆借B．发行金融债券C．再贴现D．长期存款4. 在商业银行进行投资时，把资金主要集中在短期和长期证券上，而对中期证券则基本不投资，这属于（）A．梯形期限法B．杠铃投资法C．周期期限决策法D．有效证券组合投资法5. 资产证券化起源于（）A．英国B．法国C．瑞士D．美国6. 目前最主要、最广泛的国际结算方式是（）A．顺汇B．信用证C．托收D．汇款7. 我国商业银行的组织形式是（）A．单一银行制B．连锁银行制C．分行制D．银行持股公司制8. 商业银行获取短期资金最简便的方法是（）A．同业拆借B．从中央银行获取贴现贷款C．证券回购D．从国际金融市场融资9. 影响商业银行流动性的主要因素是（）A．存款业务的变化B．存贷款业务的变化C．租赁业务的变化D．代理业务的变化10. 信用卡最主要的功能是（）A．转账结算功能B．储蓄功能C．汇兑功能D．消费贷款功能11. 商业银行所持有的资产中最典型的可转换资产是（）A．政府发行的短期债券B．短期流动资金贷款C．中长期国家债券D．公司债券12. 商业银行传统业务中最主要的风险是（）A．市场风险B．汇率风险C．经营风险D．信用风险13. 反映商业银行清偿力的备付金比率为（）A．备付金/各项存款B．备付金/总资产C．备付金/流动资产D．备付金/资产总额14. 下列不属于．．．货币市场存款账户特点的是（）A．平均余额不低于2500美元B．对存款最高利率无限制C．对存款规定最短期限D．对开户对象不限制15. 在商业银行存款中，所需流动性资金准备率最高的是（）A．稳定性货币负债B．脆弱性货币负债C．安全性货币负债D．游动性货币负债16. 按照贷款的风险程度，由低到高的正确排列是（）A．正常、次级、关注、可疑、损失B．正常、关注、可疑、次级、损失C．正常、可疑、关注、次级、损失D．正常、关注、次级、可疑、损失17. 被投资者称为“金边债券”的是（）A．中央政府债券B．政府机构债券C．地方政府债券D．公司债券18. 某银行以95元买进一张面债100元的债券，票面收益率为10%，到期后，银行获得10元的债券利息收入，其当期收益率为（）A．10% B．10.4%C．10.5% D．21%19. 商业银行远期类外汇交易中规模最大的业务是（）A．远期外汇业务B．外汇期货业务C．外汇掉期业务D．外汇期权业务20. 某银行年末贷款余额为200亿元，应提专项准备15亿元，普通呆账准备按年末呆账余额的1%提取，则该行提取呆账准备的总额是（）A．1.85亿元B．2.15亿元C．16.85亿元D．17亿元二、多项选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）在每小题列出的五个备选项中至少有两个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。
2008年7月国际商务英语试卷
全国2008年7月自考试题国际商务英语课程代码：05844I. Translate the following words and expressions:(10%)(i) From English into Chinese: 1. purchasing power parity 2. documents against acceptance3. insurance policy4. just-in-time inventory5. tax holiday(ii) From Chinese into English: 6. 特许经营7. 关税同盟8. 外汇市场9. 证券交易所10. 差别待遇II. Match the words and expressions on the left with the explanations on the right:(5%)（）11. subrogate a. to develop the use of, make the best use of（）12. exploit b. the marketing, transporting, merchandising,and selling of any item（）13. carriage c. the sending of money or the money sent（）14. remittance d. the price or cost of transportation（）15. distribution e. to substitute a claim against one person for aclaim against another personIII. Make brief explanations of the following terms and give the full name of the abbreviation in English:(20%)16. Generalized System of Preference 17. selling rate 18. consignee19. Incoterms 20. EUIV. Fill in each of the following blanks with an appropriate word from the list (You can only choose 10 from the following 12 words in the square):(10%)Promise trustworthy payment bank conditional paidWith exporter importer as stronger toA letter of credit being the undertaking of the issuing bank to make (21)______ , the reputation, and the financial strength of that (22)______ are of prime importance. The (23)______ the bank’s financial standing is and the more prestigious the bank is, the more (24)______ its letter of credit appears.Furthermore, it should be noted that the bank’s undertaking to pay as provided in a letter of credit is a (25)______ one. The bank will live up to its promise only when the stipulations in the letter of credit are complied (26)______ by the beneficiary in due course. In other words, the beneficiary , the (27)______ in foreign trade, will be (28)______ only after he has duly fulfilled his obligations (29)______ stated in the credit.In summation, a letter of credit is a bank’s conditional (30)______ to make due payment to the beneficiary.第 1 页V. Translate the following into English:(25%)31. 外国直接投资主要有三种形式：建立新企业，购买现成设备和建立合资公司。
国际商法案例分析及答案
甲公司向人民法院提交了答辩状。经审理，甲公司败诉，甲公司 于是提起上诉，理由是存在有效的仲裁协议，人民法院的判决 无效。
[问题] （1）原来合同中规定的仲裁条款是否有效？ （2）争议发生之后双方当事人订立的仲裁协议是否有效？ （3）乙公司向人民法院提起诉讼是否正确？ （4）人民法院在审查案件的过程中发现存在仲裁协议应当如何
A．4月1日 B．4月10日 C．4月15日 D．4月20日
一份中国农产品出口美国的CFR合同规定商品的品质以到岸品质 为准。当货物抵达美国港口时，检疫机关发现该货物有大量的虫 卵和活虫，严重违反卫生条例，因而被海关扣留。货物在被扣留 的期间因火灾全部被烧毁。
问题：此时货物灭失的风险由谁承担？
中国的甲公司与美国的乙公司订立一份国际货物买卖合
案例1：收货人未及时提货
某国际货运代理作为海运提单的“通知人”，提单指明 的船舶抵达目的港锚地后，及时将该轮的动态通知了 收货人。但由于收货人申请火车车皮困难，致使该轮 无法及时靠泊卸货，产生大量滞期费。于是船东既告 收货人，又起诉国际货运代理要求他们承担滞期损失。
案例2：钻石被盗
某空运国际货运代理公司在为客户代办货物运输托运的 过程中，将客户所申报的货物“人造钻石”错误地填 写为“钻石”。运输途中货物被盗，据事后抓获的罪 犯称，他们正是看到货物的品名为“钻石”，才萌生 盗取这批货物的念头。客户以某空运国际货运代理公 司疏忽为由，要求赔偿全部货物损失。
2008年《国际商务单证基础理论与知识》真题与参考答案
2 0 0 8年全国国际商务单证员专业考试参考答案一、单项选择题CA CCA CDABB BDACB ABCDC DBDDC BBCDD ABCBA CCACA 二、多项选择题ABC ABCD AB ABD ABCD ABD ABD ABD ABD ABD 三、判断题××√√√√√×√××√√××√××××××××√×××√√√××√×××√××四、计算题1．解:重量吨=50 X 44.5KG =2.225M\T 尺码吨=50 X 0.0398CBM =1.99CBM 重量大于体积 F=2.225 X 40(1+21%+20%)=125.49USD答：运费为125.49USD2．解：投保金额=1500X110%=1650美元保险费=投保金额X保险费率=1650X0.8%=13.2美元答：投保金额是1650美元。
应付保险费13.2美元。
五、简答题1．答：出口业务程序主要由交易磋商前的准备、交易磋商和履行合同三个阶段组成。
①交易磋商前的准备出口交易磋商前的准备工作的目的是为出口交易磋商作充分的准备。
出口交易磋商前的准备工作包括国际市场调查研究、生产、货源可行性研究、制定出口营销计划、申办出口管理文件以及初步制定品质、数量、价格等合同条款等。
②交易磋商出口交易磋商过程与进口交易磋商相比，仅少了一个比价环节，主要包括询盘、发盘、还盘、接受和签订合同几个环节。
③履行合同履行合同是出口交易的最后阶段。
履行合同所包含的环节较多，如果按CIF价格条件签订合同，出口方应该完成的工作有：备货、租船订舱、办理保险、检验、报关发货、制单结汇、接受货款、出口核销、理赔等环节。
(完整版)全国2008年7月高等教育自学考试
C .谈判者需求D .谈判对手的文化背景全国 2008年 7月高等教育自学考试谈判与推销技巧试题课程代码： 00179一、单项选择题（本大题共 22 小题，每小题 1 分，共 22 分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括 号内。
错选、多选或未选均无分。
1．谈判各方协商和采取协商行动，寻求实现商业利益的相互作用的过程，被称为（ B. 商务谈判C. 交易谈判 2．根据博弈论 ,引导合作和创造价值的谈判策略可以（A. 争取有利的谈判条件B. 改变已有的谈判形势C. 获取更大的利益 9.下列选项中 ,属于形成谈判僵局的客观因素是（A .谈判者经验A .提高谈判的重复性B .提高谈判者的机会主义行为C .增加谈判的对手D .扩大谈判的范围3.能够使谈判双方结果达到帕累托改进的是（ A .谈判者利益 B .无形利益 C .经济收益 D .联合收益4.谈判空间是指谈判双方的（ A .保留价格之差 B .底线价格之差 C .可接受价格之差 D .交易价格之差5.当谈判关系及谈判目标的实现同时重要时,理想的谈判战略是（ A .竞争战略 B .折中战略 C .合作战略 D .回避战略6.价格谈判正式开始的标志是（ A .报价 B .还价 C .讨价7.在实践中 ,基本不.采.用.的让步方式是（D .定价）A .等额让步B .递减让步C . 一次性让步D .坚定的让步 8.当谈判双方实力相当时 ,制造僵局的目的是（ A .谈判D .价格谈判D .达成一致的协议B .谈判礼仪10．在谈判中不容．易．．出现对方抵触的僵局处理策略是(A .权力性推动B.程序性推动C.尊重性推动D.压力性推动11．谈判沟通与促销沟通的主要区别是(A•目的不同B.方式不同C.效果不同D.环节不同12.谈判沟通的目的是(A .说服B.理解C.达成D.合作13.跨文化谈判中,更习惯采用较直接沟通方式的国家是(A .法国B.美国C. 日本D.俄罗斯14.在跨文化谈判中,使自己被对方接受的关键是(A .了解对方文化B.增加沟通技巧C.不以自我为中心D.克服语言障碍15.企业实现销售的关键是(A .广告B .产品品牌C.产品产地D.人员推销16.适用于产品类型较多、技术性强的推销人员的组织结构是(A .区域式结构B.顾客式结构C.产品式结构D.复合式结构17.约见顾客非常灵活方便并可反复使用的方式是(A .当面约见B.电话约见C.信函约见D.委托他人约见18.使用FABE介绍法介绍产品时，其中的E是指(A .介绍产品的特征B.介绍产品给顾客带来的利益C.提出证据说服顾客，促成交易D.分析产品的优点19.提高发货水平的关键是(A .订货协议B.订货时间C.订货顾客D.订货控制20.客户对服务是否满意的决定因素是(A .总客户价值B.总客户成本C.客户的让渡价值D.附加服务价值21.帮助中间商开展促销活动属于( )A .间接的激励中间商B.直接激励中间商C.经济上激励中间商D.道义上激励中间商22．能直接基于产品和服务而形成的顾客忠诚是（A .产品忠诚B.情感忠诚C.行为忠诚D.认知忠诚二、多项选择题（本大题共6 小题，每小题2 分，共12 分）在每小题列出的五个备选项中至少有两个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。
国际商法自学考试试题及参考答案
国际商法自学考试试题及参考答案一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。
错选、多选或未选均无分。
1.英国的普通法来源于()A.衡平法B.习惯法C.判例法D.法院解释2.对宪法和法律的条文本身可作进一步明确界限或做补充规定的是()A.全国人大B.全国人大常委会C.最高法院D.国务院3.在中国无法律拘束力的法律解释是()A.立法解释B.司法解释C.行政解释D.学理解释4.英美普通法强调合同的实质在于当事人所作出的()A.合意B.法律行为C.协议D.许诺5.对违约金的性质，下列表达正确的是()A.德国认为是损害赔偿性B.英美法认为是损害赔偿性C.德国认为是罚金D.法国认为是罚金6.重大违约与轻微违约的法律后果的区别是()A.受损害方都可以拒绝履行自己的合同义务B.受损害方都不可以拒绝履行自己的合同义务C.受损害方都可以要求解除合同D.对于前者，受损害方可以解除合同，即解除自己应履行的义务；对于后者，受损害方不能拒绝履行自己的合同义务7.根本违反合同的基本标准是()A.违约方剥夺了对方根据合同有权期待得到的东西B.违约方剥夺了对方非依合同有权得到的利益C.违约方并不预知而且同样一个通情达理的人处于相同情况中也没有理由预知会使对方因此失去有权期待得到的利益D.违约方剥夺了对方根据合同无权期待得到的东西8.确定出口商品价格的基本要素是()A.货物风险B.卖方责任C.货物质量D.贸易术语9.下列哪个术语表示，卖方承担最重的义务?()A.EXWB.DDPC.FASD.DDU10.1990年国际贸易术语解释通则把13种贸易术语分为E、F、C、D四组，它的排列是按照()A.贸易术语各自适应的运输方式B.以前通则的习惯做法C.买方责任的由小到大顺序D.卖方责任的由小到大顺序11.某甲经常让某乙替他向某丙订购货物，并如数向丙支付货款。
LOMA试题标准答案-Textref-May2008-AllSChinese
《保险原理：人寿、健康和年金》（第二版）（2001年版）题 号 章 页题号章 页1 7 80 39 7 81-822 3 27 40 10 1173 6 64 41 16 2134 11 137 42 1 45 14 180 43 15 1996 21 283 44 22 295-2967 16 215 45 21 2868 2 16 46 20 2749 8 88 47 1 510 11 143 48 6 7411 9 111 49 8 9912 17 235 50 10 12113 18 247-248 51 12 15014 20 276 52 16 21015 1 4 53 19 26316 3 34 54 16,6 217，65-6617 5 50 55 4 4618 10 126 56 14 18919 13 171 57 17 23920 15 204-205 58 8 9021 18 247，249-250 59 18 24822 18 257 60 19 26023 2 15 61 23 30924 5 56 62 8 9325 6 69 63 15 19926 17 240 64 10 12927 9 107 65 2 1528 12 147 66 12 158，15929 16 211 67 12 14830 14 187 68 16 22331 15 202 69 18 252-25332 1,7 8，77 70 13 17233 18 250 71 21 28534 21 282 72 17 23835 2 16 73 3 3136 3 29 74 19 26537 5 53 75 12 15538 6 69《金融服务及产品的原理》 （2004年版）题号章页题号章页1 5 78 39 11 1772 14 213 40 7 1043 4 54 41 4 574 14 219 42 8 1235 6 92 43 6 906 12 192 44 9 1427 5 71 45 11 1798 3 41 46 8 1219 9 146 47 12 196,19710 6 88 48 12 18911 8 128-129 49 5 7212 4 62 50 13 208-20913 2 28 51 10 16014 8 118 52 11 16515 1 1-2,3 53 7 10316 1 8 54 11 17417 9 137 55 2 20-2118 12 187 56 3 4319 7 106 57 5 7520 2 25,30 58 14 213,21421 4 55 59 9 14322 6 91-92 60 11 17123 12 193 61 6 9024 5 69 62 4 6125 10 154 63 14 21826 3 48-49 64 6 9327 2 33 65 12 18828 3 44 66 2 27,3229 5 79-80 67 3 4430 10 151, 155, 156 68 7 109-11031 11 167 69 13 20632 2 22 70 1 333 2 25 71 9 137-13834 12 183 72 7 10835 1 11 73 8 12136 8 115 74 2 2237 13 208 75 10 15038 9 139（2004年版）题 号 章 页题号章 页1 4 67 39 17 3962 4 72,73 40 6 116,1173 14 326 41 8 1634 9 189 42 15 3555 4 80 43 8 1656 10 224 44 2 34-357 16 377,379-380 45 10 2328 11, 12 240, 273 46 6 117-1189 11 253 47 15 34310 6 124-125 48 1 1111 7 149 49 1 1112 15 353 50 13 30313 11 251 51 13 298-29914 17 395,409 52 19 45015 10 221 53 7, 18 153, 43416 12 271 54 19 45317 5 92,94 55 5 92,99-100,10118 3 56 56 9 19119 13 290 57 14 330-33120 18 429-430 58 16 374,38521 13 298 59 4 6422 17 402 60 5 8623 18 420 61 2 3224 17 413-414 62 8 17125 16 380 63 3 5126 16 370 64 18 42827 7 147 65 15 34328 14 326-327 66 6 12329 12 282-283 67 8 17430 5 87 68 12 28131 10 217 69 8 16732 11 242-243 70 9 18933 18 424 71 19 44834 2,18 23,431 72 9 19635 4 77 73 5 8936 15 349 74 17 41537 12 266 75 14 32438 11 241（2002年版）题 号 章 页题号章 页1 5 97 39 17 3402 13 254 40 6 1163 9 172 41 6 1094 2 15 42 8 1555 8 154 43 4 766 10 196 44 8 1657 10 189 45 15 2878 7 129 46 16 3159 17 333-334 47 13 248-24910 4 61 48 1 811 2 25-28 49 12 23412 4 65-66 50 15 28313 14 276-277 51 3 5014 6 105 52 9 17115 6 110 53 11 224-22516 11 212 54 13 24317 10 202-203 55 14 27318 13 255 56 14 273-27419 5 83-84 57 13 25420 3 54 58 14 26621 13 244 59 8 151-154，15622 7 143 60 14 27023 4 72-73 61 9 17724 8 156 62 9 17125 3 44-45 63 2 1926 6 116 64 3 5427 7 133-135 65 8 167-16828 13 253 66 14 27529 13 251-252 67 11 21930 7 137 68 10 19531 8 166 69 15 28532 7 146 70 4 92，9733 15 296 71 13 25634 17 336-337 72 6 11335 12 236 73 16 31336 10 223 74 14 27037 10 206 75 1 1138 5 99《个人理财规划》 （2005年版）题号章页题号章页1 6 129 39 13 319-320210 243 4016 375 3 5 111-112 41 17 403,4054 3 54 42 12 300-3015 2 37 43 9 2276 8 200-202 44 5 1187 14 339 45 15 368-3698 11 268-270 46 9 2289 6 143-144 47 10 249-25010 3 63-66 48 10 244,25411 4 78 49 9 215126 147-148 508 203-20513 7 170-172 51 7 18014 7 173-174 52 4 9515 9 219 53 2 4416 9 228-230 54 14 34417 14 352-353 55 15 359, 361, 36318 12 287 56 3 52-5319 12 288 57 8 19020 8 192 58 11 278-2792115 360 5912 28422 15 363-364 60 12 29223 13 324-325 61 16 38224 5 110, 111, 114 62 14 3472517 407 6317 40226 10 251-253 64 17 402, 404-405, 409-41027 8 189-190 65 4 77,86284 85-86 664 87-8829 1 8 67 13 327-32830 7 162, 163 68 11 274, 275, 27631 5 114-115 69 4 8032 2 27-28 70 12 295-2963313 325-326 7116 380-381 34 16 376,381 72 12 29935 11 264 73 9 22336 2 23-25,45 74 16 38637 2 38 75 11 26338 11 274《金融服务领域的商业法》 （2008年版）题号章页题号章页1 1 4, 8, 11 39 1 102 7 100-101 40 2 183 7 103-104 415 67-684 11 174 425 755 12 195 43 5 746 1 6 44 9 1397 2 24 45 9 1488 2 27,28 46 10 171 9 4 52,53 47 8 120-12110 4 55-56 48 8 12111 4 60 49 11 18612 5 81-82 50 15 24413 6 90 51 15 239-24014 9 140, 141, 142 52 6 9615 10 157 53 7 109-11116 14 228 54 7 10417 10 160 55 7 10318 6 86,91 56 3 3919 11 176 57 3 4020 6 90-91 58 3 3621 6 86-89 59 4 5722 3 34-35 60 15 24723 3 43 61 15 248-25024 10 163-164 62 13 211,21225 9 146-147 63 12 196-19726 9 150 64 8 12227 7 108 65 8 13128 12 200,201 66 9 143 29 12 199 67 11 174,17730 14 225 68 3 3831 13 221 69 2 25-2632 13 214 70 10 19133 15 238 71 13 20934 13 212 72 14 23135 14 229-230 73 14 231-23336 11 182,185 74 8 12437 1 8 75 10 16838 2 20L O M A 320S中文2008年春季考试试题答案参考《人寿、健康保险的市场经营》( 2000年版 )题 号 章 页题号章 页1 1 5 39 17 3242 2 19 40 2 19-203 20 366 41 2 26-274 18 332 425 975 10 180 43 5 88-896 9 167 44 5 1017 24 455 45 4 638 17 305,316 46 10 1769 12 220-221 47 23 433-43410 3 47-49 48 13 23811 10 174 49 13, 16 233, 292, 29312 20 370 50 12 21713 14 247-248 51 18, 21 333, 334, 388-38914 3 50 52 5 90-9115 4 71-72 53 18 33016 11 194 54 2 2817 16 296 55 12 208-20918 14 255 56 5 10219 7 120 57 14 24920 13 232-233 58 1 1121 24 454 59 8 14722 9 160 60 17 30823 15 263 61 13, 15 232, 282, 283, 28424 14 250 62 4 6825 21 391 63 3 5326 20 379 64 3 56-5727 6 110 65 4 72,8028 18 341 66 13 23729 19 351 67 8 14630 7 129 68 23 426,42731 7 138 69 19 36032 22 413 70 20 375,37833 10 178, 183, 184 71 20 384, 38534 1 6 72 9 163-16435 7 123,124 73 15 276-278 36 4 74 74 24 447,44937 4 74 75 11 19038 22 415-416《管理原理与实务》（2003年版） 《信息管理：统计与决策》（2001年版）题 号 章 页题号章 页1 12 326 397 177-1782 10 270 4014 3873 15 410 41《信息》3594 5 116 4212 3425 11 304 439 236-2376 2 36 44 6 1587 12 332 45《管理》6《信息》416463-648 15 415 46 4 87-889 9 247 47 2 43-4410 《信息》4 75 4810 273-27411 《信息》1 5-7 49《信息》48012 8 205，209，21050《信息》47213 8 204 518 21414 8 206 52 5 129-13015 《信息》3 43 5311 30716 16 437 547 174-17517 《信息》1 12，16，17 5511 30818 10 263 56 3 7119 11 300 57 3 7220 13 357 5815 419-42021 《信息》2 31 599 24022 7 184 6017 46723 12 346-347 6116 44524 9 229 6214 40525 5 122-123 637 18026 14 392 64《信息》1 227 2 51-52 6513 37328 10 268 66 6 14129 7 188 67《信息》48130 13 376 6810 26231 13 368 69《信息》22832 《信息》2 25 7016 44333 8 222 71 1 934 14 395 7215 428-42935 《信息》4《管理》6691617315 42236 13 367 7414 38537 4 107 7517 47338 4 108《金融市场与金融机构导论》 （2004年版）题 号 章 页题号章 页1 18 386 39 20 4212 1 7,8 40 9 1773 3 40 41 10 1924 11 225 42 12 240,242 5 23 507,508 43 10 1946 6 104 44 6 109-1117 15 319-320, 323-324 45 18 382-384, 3948 4 60-61, 64 46 11, 20 218, 4219 24 527,528 47 23 49810 20 422 48 14,18 295,388-38911 14 299 49 9 16912 2 25 50 15 33213 23 500 51 11 21814 8 166 52 5, 2 90-91, 3115 5, 7, 10 86, 126 ,193 53 5 9216 24 520,524-525 54 10 19617 14 293-294 55 14 287-28818 1 8 56 4 6919 20 424 57 8 38420 14 290-291 58 6 11621 19 413 59 7 12522 3 45 60 12 23923 15 331 61 2 2224 18 385 62 11 228-22925 11, 3 215, 48 63 1 1226 18 392-393 64 2 29-3027 10 197 65 5 94-9528 9, 3 171, 46 66 7 12929 10 198 67 9 17730 19 402 68 10 19431 4 65-67 69 10,3 200,4932 20 431 70 11 228-22933 10 194 71 12 239,24134 14 292-293 72 15 33435 19 406 73 19 41436 20 426 74 5 91-9237 15,14 328,301 75 18 39338 19 401,404《投资基础》 （2005年版）题号章 页题号章 页1 1 15 41 9 3352 8 307 6 205,2083 10 358 427 2584 1 7-8 43 2 425 9 322 44 10 354-3556 6 212-213附4 503附7 538452 3272 3346 附7 539 8 1 25 47 2 48 9 2 53,61 48 8 298 10 6 228 49 5 159-160 11 9 326-327 50 附6 526 12 附8 551-553 51 8 273 13 4 139 52 6 203 14 7 233,245 53 2 54,57 15 7 246 54 10 36216 7 252 4 11517 7 253 1 1018 7 255 55 附6 53119 11 434 56 7 240 20 4 142 57 附1 468 21 2 32,37,43 58 附4 50622 10 383-384 3 9523 9 324 596 20224 附3 495 60 4 123-124 25 2 35 61 11 410 26 5 160 62 4 129 27 1 563 附1 4755 164-1656 196,198288 276642 3229 11 401 65 9 321 30 3 84-85 66 10 364-365 31 1 18 67 附8 549 32 8 278 68 附2 478-479 33 附4 506-507 69 附6 531 34 5 151 70 附2 481-482 35 4 120-122 71 附6 527 36 2 37,39,41,42 72 附6 528 37 3 96 73 附3 499 38 9 333 74 附5 519 39 附4 507-508 75 附6 529 40 11 396-397《人寿保险公司会计与财务编报》（2003年版）题 号章页 题号章 页财务会计1,63,87 38财务会计1 9 1 管理会计2 27-28 39管理会计1 5-7 财务会计4 65 40管理会计6 89,92 2财务会计6 97 41财务会计7 113 3 财务会计5 78 42管理会计4 61 4 财务会计9 143,147 43财务会计5 73 5 管理会计2 22-24 44财务会计5 83 6 财务会计8 129 45管理会计8 124 7 财务会计10 153,154 46管理会计2 20,34 8 管理会计2 21-22,30 47财务会计6 90-91 9 财务会计9 142,143,147 48管理会计8 135 10 管理会计5 76-77 49财务会计6 94-95,9611 管理会计6 90 财务会计2 22 12 财务会计2 27 50管理会计2 33－34,3713 财务会计8 123 51财务会计2 20 14 管理会计3 50 52财务会计5 8015 管理会计17 53管理会计7 114,115,117管理会计2 20 54财务会计4 63-64 16财务会计2 18-19 55管理会计8 124-125 17 财务会计3 4356管理会计6 99 18 财务会计9 142,143,14757管理会计8 123,126 19 财务会计10 152 58管理会计3 45-46 20 管理会计5 79-80 59管理会计6 95-97 21 财务会计10 154－155 管理会计3 48-49 22 财务会计9 139,147 60财务会计3 48 23 财务会计4 57 61管理会计4 57－58 24 财务会计6 9162财务会计3 39 25 财务会计9 141,142,14663管理会计7 109-111 26 管理会计5 73-74 64管理会计1 2-3,5,8 27 财务会计8 124,125 65管理会计7 113-115,11628 管理会计2 27 66财务会计5 72-7329 财务会计2 24 67管理会计7 104-105,106-10730 财务会计7 105 68财务会计4 55 31 财务会计3 48 69管理会计3 47－48 32 管理会计3 45 70财务会计5 69 33 财务会计8 127-128 71管理会计4 69 34 财务会计6 94-95 72管理会计7 112,113 35 管理会计4 64,67 73财务会计1 4,6 36 财务会计2 31-32 74财务会计7 106 37 财务会计8116,118-11975管理会计15《人寿保险公司偿付能力与获利能力管理》( 2003年版 )题号章页 题号章 页 1 资本管理7 110-111 37资本管理1 9 2 资本管理344 38资本管理1 12-13 资本管理1 3,4,5 39产品设计5 82,85 3产品设计2 20,27 40资本管理3 42 4 产品设计3 51 41产品设计11197-1985 产品设计6 104,108-110 42资本管理5 74-76 6 资本管理10 148-149 43产品设计12 222,2247 资本管理12 205 44资本管理7 998 资本管理2 22,23 45产品设计4 72,73,769 资本管理12 192 46资本管理9 143 10 资本管理6 8747资本管理6 94-95 11 产品设计6 101-103,104 48产品设计12 217-218 资本管理8 124,128 49产品设计2 34 12 资本管理10 162 50产品设计12 211 13 产品设计5 89-91 51资本管理1 11-12 14 资本管理12 189,201-20252资本管理9 133 产品设计1 6 53产品设计9 160-161 15 产品设计2 18 资本管理8 129 16 资本管理4 51-52 54资本管理12 189 17 产品设计4 69 55产品设计10 181-182 18 资本管理10 152 56产品设计9 154 19 产品设计10 175-176 57资本管理6 83-85 20 资本管理11 175-177 58产品设计12 210-211 产品设计5 82 59资本管理2 26 21 产品设计11 193 60资本管理8 119-120 22 产品设计2 22 61产品设计7 119-120 23 产品设计2 27 62产品设计9 156-157 24 产品设计4 75-76 63资本管理2 31 25 资本管理10 155-156 64产品设计6 10426 资本管理4 64,65 65产品设计12 209-210,213-214,21827 资本管理9 140 产品设计7 114-116 28 产品设计3 46 66产品设计5 86 29 产品设计8 138-13967资本管理4 55-56 30 产品设计1 4 68资本管理5 70 31 产品设计4 78-79 69产品设计7 126 32 产品设计3 54-55 70资本管理3 39 33 资本管理2 18-19 71资本管理2 20-21 34 产品设计3 41,42,43,4472产品设计11 200 产品设计11 200 73资本管理7 108-110 35 资本管理4 62 74产品设计10174 产品设计7 128-133 75资本管理11 180,18136 产品设计10174A C S100S中文2008年春季考试试题答案参考《客户服务基础》(2003年版)题 号 章 页题号章 页1 8 159-160 399 175-1762 4 70 4012 239-2403 3 45 41 2 304 11 209 429 167-1685 5 81 439 168-169，170-1716 14 266 449 1717 5 83-85 4514 278，2798 2 25 46 5 879 1，2 7，32 479 16810 12 226 489 16811 5 88-89 498 14912 12 235 507 13213 13 246 5114 271-27214 13 246 52 2 3215 11 220 537 13016 12 237 547 130-13117 12 237，238 5513 246，248，24918 8 151-152 56 6 11219 11 208-209 57 6 116-11720 1 11-12 58 6 110-11121 11 203，204，206 5912 228，22922 7 129-130 60 4 58，6323 10 192-194 61 3 5224 1 3-4 6213 24525 11 221 6313 25026 10 192 649 18027 8 156-157 65 5 7728 3 44 6614 27929 8 162-163 6713 257-25830 7 124 68 6 11531 5 91 69 2 20-2132 5 94-97 70 6 110，11233 7 133-134 716，7102，12534 10 190 72 3 46，4735 11 214 73 4 58-5936 10 184，196 74 6 105，10837 5 96 75 3 4038 4 64。
国际商法（英）第一章答案和解析1_testbank
国际商法（英）第⼀章答案和解析1_testbankChapter 1Introduction to International and Comparative LawA. WHAT IS INTERNATIONAL LAW?1. International law is the body of rules and norms that regulates activities carried onoutside the legal boundaries of nations.Answer: True 2. In contemporary international law, the division between public and private law isprecise and well defined.Answer: False 3. International law is not really law since there is no worldwide legislature to enact it. Answer: False 4. Comity is the practice, or courtesy, between nations of treating each other withgoodwill and civility.Answer: True 5. Comity is not law because countries do not regard it as something they are requiredto respect.Answer: True6. International law regulates relationships between:a. states and states.b. states and persons.c. persons and persons.d. All of the above.e. Both a. and b. above.Answer: d 7. Which of the following is an example/are examples of the subject matter of public international law?a. Contracts and sales.b. Securities regulations.c. State succession.d. All of the above.e. None of the above.Answer: c8. Which of the following is an example/are examples of the subject matter of private international law?a. Antitrust.b. Nationality.c. State responsibility to aliens.d. All of the above.e. Both a. and b. above.Answer: e9. Law is:a. a rule established by authority, society, or custom.b. a body or system of rules.c. the control or authority imposed by a system of rules.d. All of the above.e. None of the above.Answer: dB. THE MAKING OF INTERNATIONAL LAW10. Despite the lack of international law-making machinery, states function informally asboth lobbyists and legislators.Answer: True 11. International law exists when there is a consensus of the international community.Answer: True 12. Unratified treaties and reports of international agencies are sometimes cited asevidence of a trend toward the development of a rule of international law.Answer: True 13. Case law derived from the decisions of arbitration tribunals hearing disputes betweenprivate parties is never used as a source of international law rules.Answer: False 14. Evidence of the general consent of the international community to the existence of a rule of international law can be found in:a. decisions of the International Court of Justice.b. resolutions passed by the UN General Assembly.c. the conduct and practices of states in their dealings between themselves.d. All of the above.e. Both a. and c.Answer: dC. SOURCES OF INTERNATIONAL LAW15. The sources of international law which Article 38(1) of the Statute of the International Court of Justice states that the court is permitted to use in settling disputes are:a. general principles of law.b. international conventions.c. the case law of municipal courts.d. All of the above.e. Both a. and b. aboveAnswer: d 16. In determining whether a practice has become a rule of international customary law, Article 38(1) of the Statute of the International Court of Justice states that the court is permitted to look to:a. economic trends.b. historical records.c. teachings of legal writers.d. All of the above.e. Both a. and b. above.Answer: c 17. Which of the following sources of international law does the International Court of Justice normally regard as the most authoritative?a. Customary international law.b. General principles of law.c. International conventions.d. Judicial decisions.e. Teachings of legal writers.Answer: c 1. Treaties and Conventions18. The customary rules that govern treaties are now codified in the Vienna Conventionon the Law of Treaties.Answer: True19. Treaties and conventions have binding effect because:a. one country fears that if it does not respect its promises, other countries will notrespect their promises.b. states that fail to observe them may be fined or otherwise punished by theInternational Court of Justice.c. states that fail to observe them will lose their membership in the United Nations.d. All of the above.Answer: a20. The Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties applies to treaties and conventions that:a. are governed by municipal law.b. are in writing.c. are made orally.d. relate to international organizations.e. All of the above.Answer: b 2. Custom21. Once adopted, customary rules of international law are seldom changed.Answer: False 22. To establish the existence of a customary rule of international law, one must showthat the international community has observed the rule for a long period of time.Answer: False 23. To establish the existence of a customary rule of international law, one must showthat the entire international community has given its consent to the rule.Answer: False24. To establish the existence of a customary rule of international law, one must show:a. opinio juris et necessitatis.b. pacta sunt servanda.c. rebus sic standibus.d. waiver.e. None of the above.Answer: a 25. In The Lotus Case, Turkey had begun prosecution of the officers on a French ship who had been involved in a collision with a Turkish ship. France brought suit in the Permanent Court of International Justice (PCIJ) claiming that customary international law allowed only the state whose ship the officers were aboard to prosecute them. The PCIJ ruled against France because:a. in previous similar cases, the states which had acted as France suggested had notdone so because they thought they were obliged to do so.b. the rule which France suggested had become custom had only been observed bya few states.c. the rule which France suggested had become custom had only been observed fora few years.d. All of the above were reasons given by the PCIJ.e. None of the above is a correct answer.Answer: a26. Which of the following states is not required to observe a particular rule of customary international law?a. A persistent objector.b. A state that has recently acquired its independence following the division of itspredecessor state.c. A superpower.d. All of the above.Answer: a 3. General Principles27. General principles of international law are based on legal rules that are common toboth (or all) the state parties to a dispute.Answer: TrueD. THE SCOPE OF INTERNATIONAL LAW IN ACTUAL PRACTICE1. The Practice in International Tribunals28. In international tribunals, municipal law is regarded as being correlative withinternational law.Answer: False 29. International tribunals generally regard states as having an obligation to bring theirmunicipal law into compliance with international norms.Answer: True30. In international tribunals,a. municipal laws are treated as “mere facts.”b. municipal laws will not be declared either void or valid.c. municipal laws will not be interpreted.d. the parties must prove what the municipal law is.e. All of the above.Answer: e 2. The Practice in Municipal Courts31. In municipal courts, international law is generally treated as being subservient.Answer: False 32. According to the doctrine of incorporation, customary international laws are treatedas adopted by a municipal court to the extent that they are not inconsistent with prior municipal legislation or judicial decisions of final authority.Answer: True33. According to the doctrine of transformation, customary international laws are notapplicable in a municipal court until they are clearly adopted by legislative action,judicial decision, or established local usage.Answer: True 34. A self-executing treaty is one that contains a provision that says the treaty will applyin the parties’ municipal courts once the parties have adopted domestic enablinglegislation.Answer: False 35. Once a municipal court determines that a particular rule of international law isapplicable in a particular case, that law will be treated as law and not as a fact.Answer: True 36. When a municipal court acts to determine if a particular rule of international law has been received into the local jurisprudence, it will (in most countries) apply the doctrine of:a. immaculate conception.b. incorporation.c. resuscitation.d. transformation.Answer: b 37. In the United States, a treaty adopted by authority of the President alone (i.e., without the consent of the Senate) is known as a/an:a. constitutional convention.b. executive agreement.c. presidential treaty.d. Truman treaty.e. None of the above.Answer: b38. In the United Kingdom, treaties are made by:a. the Crown (i.e., the executive).b. the prime minister with the approval of the foreign secretary.c. the prime minister with the approval of the queen.d. None of the above.Answer: aE. INTERNATIONAL PERSONS1. States39. Recognition of a government is usually made in a bilateral agreement.Answer: False 40. Recognition implies that the recognized state or government is entitled to all of therights and privileges granted by international law.Answer: True 41. To avoid any possible connotation that recognition also means approval, manygovernments have adopted the Estrada Doctrine of never formally recognizing other governments.Answer: True 42. Territorial sovereignty is the absolute and unqualified right of a state to exercise itsfunctions within a territory.Answer: False 43. Title to newly acquired territory may be confirmed by estoppel.Answer: True 44. A successor state is not bound by the “dispositive” treaties made by its predecessor.Answer: False 45. When State A and State B merge to form State C, State C and the other state partiesto a treaty made by State A can agree either to terminate the treaty or extend it to the whole territory of the new state. Answer: True46. When State A and State B merge to form State C, State C will no longer be bound bya treaty made by State A if its object and purpose can no longer be accomplished.Answer: True 47. When a part of the territory of State X shifts and becomes part of the territory ofState Y, the treaties made by State X continue to apply to that territory.Answer: False 48. Nationals of a territory that is acquired by a successor state will keep the nationalityof the predecessor state unless a different result is agreed to in a treaty of cession or by municipal legislation. Answer: True49. State A disintegrates into States B and State C. The public property of State Alocated in State D becomes the property of D.Answer: False 50. Private property rights of individuals do not lapse because of a change in government. Answer: True 51. A successor state is not bound by the private contractual obligations of itspredecessors.Answer: False 52. State Q disintegrates into State R and State S. State R and State S are bothresponsible for State Q’s national debt.Answer: True53. A state is an international person with:a. a government.b. a population.c. a territory.d. All of the above.e. Both a. and b.Answer: d 54. A state that lacks some attribute (i.e., territory, population, or government) required for it to be treated as a fully independent state is known as a/an:a. dependent state.b. developing state.c. inchoate state.d. non-state.e. underdeveloped state.Answer: c 55. “The legal existence of a government happens automatically by operation of law whenever a government is capable of controlling a territory and its people.” This is a statement of the:a. constitutive doctrine.b. declaratory doctrine.c. Estrada doctrine.d. recognitive doctrine.e. None of the above.Answer: b56. “A government does not truly come into existence until such time as it is recognized by other states and participates in the internati onal arena.” This is a statement of the:a. constitutive doctrine.b. declaratory doctrine.c. Estrada doctrine.d. participatory doctrine.e. None of the above.Answer: a57. The right of all states to transit the Suez and Panama canals is an example of a/an:a. easement.b. license.c. negative servitude.d. positive servitude.e. profit a prendre.Answer: d58. States may lawfully acquire territory by:a. force from another state.b. occupying land not claimed by another sovereign.c. the mutually agreed to transfer from another sovereign.d. All of the above.e. Both b. and c. above.Answer: e 59. State A and State B merge to form new State C. As to the treaties that had been in force in State A,a. only those that were dispositive treaties continue to be in force.b. they are in force throughout State C.c. they are no longer in force.d. they continue to be in force in that part of State C that used to be State A.e. None of the above.Answer: d 60. “When a new state comes into being through decolonization, the ex-colony starts with no obligation to succeed to the treaties of its former colonial power.” This is known as the:a. clean slate doctrine.b. divorcement policy.c. ex parte doctrine.d. fresh start rule.e. None of the above.Answer: a61. State Q disintegrated into State R and State S. As to the treaties that had been in force in State Q,a. only those that were dispositive treaties continue to be in force.b. they are no longer in force.c. they are no longer in force if State Q was a colonial power.d. they continue to be in force in both State R and State S to the extent they areapplicable.e. None of the above.Answer: d2. International Organizationsa. Intergovernmental Organizations62. An intergovernmental organization is a permanent organization set up by two ormore states to carry on activities of common interest.Answer: True 63. The capacity of an intergovernmental organization to carry on diplomatic relationswith a state or to sue or be sued in an international or municipal court is acquired by recognition.Answer: True 64. According to most authorities, an intergovernmental organization is not to berecognized as having the capacity of an international person by one of its member states until the government of that state certifies that it has such capacity.Answer: False 65. According to most authorities, an intergovernmental organization is not to berecognized as having the capacity of an international person by a non-member state until the government of that state certifies that it has such capacity.Answer: True 66. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic common to intergovernmental organizations?a. They are created by two or more states.b. They are meant to pursue interests common to their creators.c. They function autonomously as independent international persons.d. They operate through branches and subsidiaries around the world.e. None of the above is a correct answer.Answer: d1) United Nations67. The general philosophy underlying the Charter of the United Nations is that therelationships of the nations of the world are to be governed by the rule of law.Answer: True 68. The phrase “United Nations System” refers to the rules of international law enactedby the General Assembly of the United Nations.Answer: False69. Which of the following are goals of the United Nations?a. Maintenance of peace and security in the world.b. Promotion of economic and social cooperation.c. Protection of human rights.d. All of the above.e. Both a. and c. above.Answer: d 70. Which of the following organs of the United Nations may authorize the use of armed force?a. Economic and Social Council.b. General Assembly.c. International Court of Justice.d. Secretariat.e. Security Council.Answer: e 71. Which of the following organs of the United Nations is primarily responsible for promoting respect for human rights?a. Economic and Social Council.b. General Assembly.c. International Court of Justice.d. Secretariat.e. Security Council.Answer: a2) European Union72. The Council of the European Union is the principal European Union rule maker.Answer: True 73. The Council of the European Union may enact rules without consulting the EuropeanParliament.Answer: False74. The Council of the European Union may only act on proposals brought to it by theEuropean Commission.Answer: True 75. The European Parliament must approve all of the international treaties that theEuropean Union enters into.Answer: True 76. The European Parliament lacks true legislative powers.Answer: True 77. The European Committee of Regions must be consulted on matters dealing withdefense, internal security, and public policy.Answer: False 78. The European Economic and Social Council can adopt rules and issue directivesindependently of the Council of the European Union and European Commission.Answer: True 79. The European Court of Justice can hear appeals from the European Court of FirstInstance.Answer: True 80. The European Central B ank is responsible for carrying out the European Union’smonetary policy.Answer: True 81. The European Court of Auditors hears disputes involving the amount of taxes owedby private persons.Answer: False82. Which of the following is not a member state of the European Union?a. Austria.b. Belgium.d. Norway.e. Portugal.Answer: d83. Which of the following is a constituent treaty of the European Union?a. European Atomic Energy Community Treaty of 1957.b. European Coal and Steel Community Treaty of 1951.c. European Economic Community Treaty of 1957.d. All of the above.e. Both b. and c. above.Answer: d84. When one speaks of the “supernational powers” of the European Union, one means that:a. within its scope of applicability, EU law is superior to the laws of the memberstates.b. member states are required to bring their internal laws into compliance with EUlaw.c. EU law may be directly effective within the member states.d. All of the above.e. Both a. and c.Answer: d85. The European Union’s European Commission:a. proposes measures to the European Council.b. is a consultative body made up of representatives from local and regional governments.c. is located in Strasbourg, France.d. All of the above.e. None of the above.Answer: a86. The European Court of First Instance may hear disputes:a. brought by the European Union Commission against European Union member states.b. brought by European Union member states against the European Unionc. brought by private persons against European Union institutions.d. All of the above.e. None of the above.Answer: e 87. The European Court of Justice may hear requests to annul European Union legislation brought by:a. the European Union Commission.b. a member state.c. private persons.d. All of the above.e. Both a. and b. above.Answer: eb. Other Intergovernmental Organizations88. Which of the following intergovernmental organizations has a parliament whose representatives are directly elected by the national parliaments of its member states?a. African Union (AU).b. Arab League.c. Council of Europe.d. Organization of American States (OAS).e. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).Answer: c 89. Which of the following intergovernmental organizations has established regional human rights systems that are supervised and enforced by both judicial and quasi-judicial organs?a. Arab League.b. British Commonwealth of Nations.c. Council of Europe.d. Warsaw Treaty Organization.e. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).Answer: cF. THE RIGHTS OF INDIVIDUALS UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW90. Traditionally, an individual’s rights under international law are only protected by hisstate of nationality.Answer: True 91. Traditionally, the decision whether or not to take any action to enforce anindividual’s rights under international law is left entirely up to the individual’snational state.Answer: TrueG. COMPARISON OF MUNICIPAL LEGAL SYSTEMS1. The Romano-Germanic Civil Law System92. The Roman law was first codified in the Corpus Juris Civilis around the year 534A.D.Answer: True93. The law followed in much of Europe at the end of the medieval period was known asthe jus commune.Answer: True 94. The pepou drous (or “piepowder”) courts were the courts of the medieval guilds andmerchants’ associations.Answer: True 95. The law created by the pepoudrous (or “piepowder”) courts evolved into the “lawmerchant.”Answer: True 96. The goals of the national codes that replaced the jus commune were to establishlegal unity within a single kingdom and to codify the political and philosophicalideals of the time.Answer: True 97. The French Civil Code (the Code Napoleon) of 1804 attempted to break up the oldfeudal estates of the aristocracy by prohibiting restraints on the sale of land as well as restraints on its transfer in a will. Answer: True 98. The German Pandectists studied the text of jus commune with the aim ofdiscovering its “latent” or underlying princip les and organization.Answer: False 99. The German Civil Code of 1896 is noted for being precise and technical.Answer: True 100. Which of the following used historical analysis and philology (i.e., the tracing out of the development of the usage of word s) to “desanctify” the study of law?a. Commentators.b. Glossators.c. Humanists.d. Naturalists.e. Pandectists.Answer: c 101. The jus commune was replaced by national codes that first appeared in:a. Austria.b. France.c. Prussia.d. Russia.e. Scandinavia.Answer: e102. Which of the following ideas of the French Revolution was/were incorporated into the French Civil Code (the Code Napoleon) of 1804?a. The autonomy of the patriarchal family.b. The freedom to contract.c. The right to possess private property.d. All of the above.e. Both b. and c. above.Answer: d 103. Which of the following were influential in the drafting of the French Civil Code (the Code Napoleon) of 1804?a. Academic writings.b. French customary law.c. French royal ordinances.d. Jus commune.e. All of the above.Answer: e 104. Which of the following were most influential in the development of the German Civil Code of 1896?a. Academic writers.b. Commentators.c. Humanists.d. Naturalists.e. Pandectists.Answer: e 105. Which of the following legal subjects are not found in the French or German civil codes?a. Administrative regulations.b. Contracts.c. Crimes.d. Delicts.e. Inheritances.Answer: a 2. The Anglo-American Common Law System106. The name “common law” (as it is used in England) is derived from the theory that the king’s courts represented the common custom of the realm, as opposed to thelocal customary law practiced in the county and manorial courts.Answer: True 107. Equitable remedies are available only when legal remedies are unavailable or inadequate.Answer: True108. The Statute of Westminster of 1285 encouraged the English law courts to create new writs, including writs in equity. Answer: False 109. New York’s “Field Code” of 1848 merged law and equity into one jurisdiction and required law suits to be tried in a single class of courts using a single procedure.Answer: True 110. Which of these medieval English courts handled cases of direct royal interest?a. Common Pleas.b. Equity.c. Exchequer.d. King’s Bench.e. Manorial.Answer: d 111. Which of these medieval English courts assumed jurisdiction to control the abuses of the King himself (and thereby established the doctrine of the supremacy of the law)?a. Common Pleas.b. Equity.c. Exchequer.d. King’s Bench.e. Manorial.Answer: d 112. Which of the following is not a remedy available from a court of equity?a. Damages.b. Injunction.c. Restitution.d. Specific performance.e. None of the above is a correct answer.Answer: a 113. The common law’s adoption in other countries was primarily facilitated by:a. a historical linkage between the country and England.b. its simple terminology.c. its use of both case law and statutes.d. its use of the doctrine of the supremacy of the law to limit the actions andpowers of the government.e. its use of the jury system.Answer: a3. The Islamic Law System114. The closing of the door of ijtihad (independent reasoning) refers to contemporary efforts of Islamic fundamentalists to return to the original principles of law laiddown by the Prophet Muhammad.Answer: False 115. The Shari’a is primarily a moral and ethical code.Answer: True 116. Which of the following is the most important source of Islamic law?a. The consensus of the legal community.b. The Koran.c. The Sunnah.d. Writings of Islamic scholars.e. None is more important - they are all equally important.Answer: b ESSA YS1. Compare and contrast the three major municipal law systems.Answer: Students should discuss the Romano-German civil law, the Anglo-American common law, and Islamic law systems. In brief: the first two are secular, the last is religious. The civil law is primarily based on codified rules while the common law is based on precedent. Both are flexible and undergoing continuous change, as compared to Islamic law which stopped developing in the tenth century A.D.2. Evaluate the adequacy in contemporary international law of the definition of the sources of international law that is given in Article 38 of the Statute of the International Court of Justice.Answer: It is probably quite adequate. Its ranking of conventions, then customs, and then general principles as sources the court should look at reflects actual practice. It also allows the court to use both case law and academic writings as sources, which also reflects contemporary practice. In addition, the court is allowed to turn to equity in appropriate circumstances. The definition may be somewhat inadequate when it comes to defining general principles. It speaks of the general principles of “civilized nations,” which may be somewhat insulting to Third World states who often feel that international law is overly European. These two words might best be deleted if the Statute is ever revised.3. After a civil war in State A, approximately half of the territory breaks away and forms State B.(a) Before the war, State A had lent money to Cee Company. State B now claims that it is entitled to half of that money.(b) Before the war, State A had granted a mining concession to Dee Company for a 50-year period on land that is now within the territory of State B. That concession still has20 years to run. State B claims that it is no longer valid.(c) Before the war, State X had concluded a treaty with State A in which State X granted State A “most favored nation” trade status. State B now claims that it is entitled to the same treatment.Is State B correct in each of its contentions? Explain.Answer:(a) No, a successor state may not interfere with contractual rights. Moreover, the contracting parties were State A and Cee Company. State B was not a party (it could not have been since it did not exist at the time). Also, neither State A nor Cee Co. intended for State B to be a beneficiary. State B has no rights in the contractual rights of State A.(b) Again, a successor state may not interfere with preexisting contractual rights. However, all states may nationalize or expropriate property. Assuming State B does so and Dee Co. has recourse to an international tribunal to settle the dispute, State B will probably have to provide prompt, adequate, and effective recourse (i.e., fair market value) for the concession it has taken from Dee Co.(c) When a state divides, the existing treaties of the predecessor states bind both successor states. When the treaties are neither dispositive nor descriptive of international law, they are only valid to the extent that third party states (e.g., State X) wish to continue to be bound by them.Note, also, that if State B claims that it is a colony having achieved its independence from a colonial power (a likely possibility), then the clean slate doctrine applies. This means that State B is not bound by any of the treaties of the colonial power (State A) unless both State A and the third party states (e.g., State X) agree to keep them in force. (The result, in any event, is the same.)4. You are a foreign student studying abroad in the State of Ecstasy. Ecstasy is a member of the United Nations, but of no other international organizations. It has not signed nor ratified any international human rights treaties.When you arrived in Ecstasy, you bought a small house on a small piece of land near the university where you are now about to graduate. Recently, as you planned to return home, you put your property up for sale. At that time, you discovered that Ecstasy has a law that makes it illegal for aliens to own real property (i.e., houses and land) and that any such property escheats (i.e., is automatically forfeited) to the state. No one, of course, would buy your property (since your title is defective) and now the state has taken it from you. You have brought suit in a local Ecstasy court. You claim that Ecstasy's law making it illegal for aliens to own land is discriminatory and a violation of the provisions of the UN Charter. You seek to have the Court order that the state's seizure of your property was improper and that you do have good title. Will you be successful? Explain.。
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《商法》2008年7月参考答案·选择+案例部分串讲教师：赵鸿祥
一、选择题
1.A
2.B
3.D
4.A
5.D
6.C
7.B
8.C
9.A 10.B 11.A 12.C 13.B 14.A 15.D 16.C 17.B 18.A 19.B 20.D
部分答案注释：
13.本题超范围，教材上没有这个知识点。
在合同中，解决争议条款具有独立性。
例如：双方在合同中约定：“如有争议，在北京仲裁委员会仲裁（或向海淀法院起诉）。
”如果合同无效了，该条款仍有效，双方仍可依据此条款向北京仲裁委员会申请仲裁或向海淀法院起诉，以解决合同无效的后续事宜。
17.A项中灯船属于海上固定式装置，不属于船舶。
三、（案例分析）
25.不生效。
定金合同从实际交付定金之日起生效。
26.合法。
定金的数额由当事人约定，但不得超过主合同标的额的20%。
本案中的定金数额在合法的范围之内。
27.合法。
因债务人怠于行使其到期债权，对债权人造成损害的，债权人可以向人民法院请求以自己的名义代位行使债务人的债权。
28.代位权的范围为200万元，代位权的行使范围以债权人的债权为限。
诉讼费用由乙公司承担，债权人行使代位权的必要费用，由债务人负担。
29.一般保证的保证人在主合同纠纷未经审判或者仲裁，并就债务人财产依法强制执行仍不能履行债务前，对债权人可以拒绝承担保证责任。
五、（案例分析）
32.甲、乙、丙的出资合法。
1993年的公司法对于以厂房和现金出资，没有限制性规定；对于工业产权和非专利技术出资，规定不得超过注册资本的20%，而丙恰为20%，合法。
丁的出资不合法。
公司股东不能以劳务、信用、管理经验等作为出资方式。
33.应当补缴，并向已足额缴纳出资的股东承担违约责任。
34.合法。
有限责任公司，股东人数较少和规模较小的，可以设一名执行董事，不设立董事会。
35.应由庚、辛承担。
公司分立前的债务由分立后的公司承担连带责任。
六、（案例分析）
36.不合法。
合伙企业的名称中不得含有“有限”或“有限责任”字样。
37.有效。
合伙企业对合伙人执行合伙企业事务的限制，不得对抗善意第三人。
38.有效。
合伙企业对合伙事务执行人对外代表合伙企业权利的限制，不得对抗善意第三人。
39.无效。
除合伙协议另有约定外，以合伙企业名义为他人提供担保，应当经全体合伙人一致同意。
七、（案例分析）
40.不能。
因为杨某仅仅是为赵某垫付保险费，杨某的身份为赵某的履行辅助人，其并非保险合同中的投保人，并未违反保险利益原则，杨某垫付保险费的法律利益最终由赵某享有。
41.不能。
于某并非保险合同的投保人和被保险人，不能享有被保险人的权利。
42.赵某对卡车具有完整的保险利益。
因为赵某和于某作为合伙人对卡车系共同共有，共有人的权利及于共有物的全部。
43.有权。
因为赵某对卡车具有完全的保险利益，且所投的为足额保险。
44.应向于某分配。
赵某和于某二人对卡车系共同共有，在卡车全损后于某有权向赵某请求分配保险赔款，当然于某也应按相应比例补偿赵某的保险费的支出。
特别说明：
本题并非典型题目，较难，其中的第42至44题略超范围。
第42至43题实际上是对保险利益的深层考查，且第44题涉及到了合伙或共有中内部关系的相关知识点，已脱离了保险法的范围。