最新人教版高中英语必修四Unit 2 Learning about Languag

Unit 2Working the land
Learning about Language
动词-ing形式作主语和宾语
【语法感知】
①Since then, finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal.
②As a young man, he saw the great need for increasing the rice output.
③Y uan Longping searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields.
④However, he doesn’t care about being famous.
⑤He enjoys listening to violin music, playing mah-jong, swimming and reading.
⑥Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also means very little to him.
⑦Just dreaming for things, however, costs nothing.
⑧He awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more people.
观察上面句子,思考黑体部分所作的成分:
以上动名词短语(加黑部分)在句中作主语的是①⑥⑦;作动词宾语的是⑤;作介词(短语)宾语的是②③④⑧。

【语法精讲】
动词-ing形式是动词的一种非谓语形式。

动词-ing形式的时态和语态:
动词-ing形式在句中的语法作用:在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。

一、动词-ing形式作主语
1.动词-ing形式作主语
动词-ing形式作主语时,多表示经常性、习惯性的动作,谓语动词多用单数形式。

*Using cocaine increases the user’s heart rate and blood pressure.使用可卡因会加快使用者的心率并使血压升高。

*Wasting a person’s time is the same as killing him for his property.
浪费一个人的时间无异于谋财害命。

【名师点津】
意义不同的两个动词-ing形式并列作主语时,谓语动词需用复数形式。

*Listening to the English tapes and watching English films are good ways to learn English.
听英文磁带和看英文电影是学英语的好方法。

2.形式主语it代替动词-ing形式作主语
*It is no use talking to him—he won’t listen.
跟他谈没有用,他不会听的。

*It is a waste of time talking about such useless things.
谈论这些没用的事情是在浪费时间。

【知识延伸】
(1)It is+adj.+doing sth.
It is/feels funny doing sth.做某事(感觉)很有趣
It is useless doing sth. 做某事无用
It is worthwhile doing sth. 做某事是值得的
(2)It is a waste of+n.+doing sth.
It is a waste of time doing sth. 做某事是浪费时间
(3)It is no+ n. +doing sth.
It is no good/no use/no fun doing sth. 做某事没好处/没用/没意思
【即学活用】用所给动词的适当形式填空。

(1)(2019·天津高考)Learning(learn) to think critically is an important skill today’s children will need for the future.
(2)It is a waste of time trying(try) to persuade him to give up playing computer games.
(3)It is worthwhile reading (read) such a wonderful novel.
(4)It’s no use complaining (complain) without taking action.
二、动词-ing形式作宾语
1.作动词的宾语
常接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词可用下面的口诀帮助记忆:
避免错过少延期(avoid, miss, postpone)
建议完成多练习(advise/suggest, finish, practise)
喜欢想象禁不住(enjoy, imagine, can’t help)
承认否定与嫉妒(admit, deny,envy)
逃避冒险莫原谅(escape, risk, excuse)
忍受保持不介意(stand, keep, mind)
*He suggested going to visit our grandparents.
他建议去看望我们的(外)祖父母。

*She doesn’t mind being laughed at.
她不介意被人嘲笑。

*I highly recommend visitin g this exhibition. I am sure you will learn a lot about Chinese culture and art. Come on! The exhibition is well worth seeing.
我强烈推荐你们参观这个展览会。

我相信你们会学到很多关于中国文化和艺术的知识。

来吧!这个展览很值得一看。

2.作动词短语的宾语
常见的跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词短语有:insist on,object to, be good at, be fond of, lead to, put off, give up, look forward to, feel like, devote...to, get/be used to, pay attention to, be worth等。

*You should give up playing computer games.
你应该放弃玩电脑游戏。

3.在有些动词的后面,如:start, begin, continue等既可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语,两者意义区别不大。

*If you continue doing/to do what you are doing, you are in deep trouble.
如果你继续像现在这样做,你的麻烦就大了。

4.在love, hate, prefer, like等动词后接动词-ing形式作宾语指经常性的动作,用不定式作宾语指具体的动作。

*He likes swimming but he doesn’t like to swim this afternoon.
他喜欢游泳,但是今天下午他不想游泳。

5.有些动词(短语)后跟不定式和动词-ing形式作宾语均可,但含义不同。

常见的有:
*Don’t forget to say“Thank you” when someone has helped you.
当有人帮助了你时不要忘记说“谢谢”。

*I forgot closing the windows when I returned home.我回到家的时候,忘记已经关了窗户。

6.下列动词可接动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义,相当于不定式的被动形式。

need/want/require/deserve doing
=need/want/require/deserve to be done
*The window needs/requires/wants cleaning/to be cleaned.
窗户需要擦了。

【即学活用】
(1)用所给词的适当形式填空。

①We don’t allow diving (dive) in the pool.
②I often practise listening(listen) and speaking (speak).
③The boy was lucky to escape being punished (punish).
(2)这个问题值得讨论。

→The question deserved discussing.
→The question deserved to be discussed.
三、动词-ing形式的否定形式
动词-ing形式的否定形式通常是在其前面加not,带有逻辑主语时,not应放在逻辑主语和动词-ing形式之间。

*Not knowing how to use a computer makes it more difficult for him to do his academic research.
不知道如何使用电脑使他更难进行学术研究。

【即学活用】
(1)He was punished for not having done his homework(未完成作业).
(2)Not passing the exam (未能通过考试)made him disturbed.
(3) I’m sorry for not having kept my promise (没有遵守我的承诺).
四、动词-ing形式的复合结构
动词-ing形式的复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾格、名词所有格或普通格加动词-ing,即“sb./sb.’s+doing”构成。

动词-ing形式的复合结构实际上是给动词-ing 形式加了一个逻辑主语。

动词-ing形式的复合结构有四种形式:
①形容词性物主代词+动词-ing
②名词’s所有格+动词-ing
③代词宾格+动词-ing
④名词+动词-ing
*Would you mind me/my opening the window?
你介意我打开窗户吗?
*We are looking forward to Professor Smith’s/Professor Smith coming to give us a speech next week.
我们盼望着史密斯教授下周来给我们做一次演讲。

【名师点津】
动词-ing形式的复合结构可在句中作主语或宾语。

作主语时,不能用代词的宾格和名词的普通格形式。

【即学活用】
(1)Excuse me for my not coming on time.
抱歉,我没能按时来。

(2)His father’s being ill made him worried.
他父亲病了,使他很担心。

(3)I can’t imagine Mary’s/Mary marrying such a man.
我无法想象玛丽竟然嫁给了这么一个人。

Ⅰ.选词填空
1.It is no good saying such ugly words to him.(saying/to say)
2.Would you mind turning down your radio? (turning/turned)
3.I don’t remember ever meeting you somewhere.(meeting/to meet)
4.There is no use keeping silent about such a matter.(keeping/to keep)
5.Planting many trees is very good for our environment.(is/are)
6.The windows haven’t been cleaned for a long time.They need cleaning. (cleaning/cleaned)
7.We can’t imagine her succeeding in the entrance examination, for she has never been to school.(succeed/succeeding)
8.Seei ng the funny scene, I can’t help laughing.(laughing/to laugh)
9.Do you feel like going out or would you rather have dinner at home? (going/to go)
10.His not getting to the station on time made everyone worried last week.(not get/not getting)
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.The book is worth reading a second time.
这本书值得再读一次。

2.We are looking forward to hearing from Mr Li.
我们期待着李先生的来信。

3.It’s fun spending the holiday at the beach.
在海边度假很有趣。

4.Tom’s being so careless caused so much trouble.
汤姆这么粗心,造成了不少麻烦。

5.The baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting.
这个婴儿被突然的关门声吵醒了。

6.It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us.
劝说这样一个人加入我们是浪费时间。

7.The bike needs repairing/to be repaired.
这辆自行车需要修一下。

8.Missing the train means waiting for another hour.
误了这班火车就意味着再等一个小时。

9.I don’t like watching television but I enjoy listening to the radio.
我不喜欢看电视,但是喜欢听收音机。

10.I regret to tell you that your mother is badly ill, but you needn’t regret leaving her alone.
很遗憾地告诉你你母亲病得很重,但你不需要为留下她独自一人而后悔。

【语法主题应用】
使用本单元所学语法类型结合主题语境翻译下面语段。

中国是一个有十三亿人口的大国。

在过去的二十多年间,中国发生了巨大的变化,尤其在农业方面。

中国仅有世界7%的土地,却成功地养活了世界22%的人
口。

其耕地(farming land)的灌溉面积是世界上最大的,种植了世界三分之一的大米。

渔业也非常重要,淡水鱼随处可见。

废弃的蔬菜(vegetable waste)被用来养猪、养鸡;人和动物的粪便(waste)产生的气体被用来供热和做饭。

如果世界上其他地方也像中国一样重视并发展农业,就不会再有饥饿。

____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】
The Development of Agriculture in China
China is a large country with a population of 1.3 billion.In the past twenty years, great changes have taken place in China, especially in agriculture where modern biotechnology plays an important part.China only has occupied the world 7% land, which has supported 22% population in the world.The irrigation area of farmin g land is the largest in the wor ld, which actually has planted the world’s 1/3 rice.Besides, fishing is also important.Freshwater fish can be seen everywhere.Vegetable waste is used to feed pigs and chickens.Gas produced from human and animal waste is used for heating and cooking.If the rest of the world also fully emphasized and developed agriculture like China, there would be no starvation.。