英语专升本阅读完型填空讲义

阅读
（传统）阅读做题步骤
1.先通读5个问题--把握话题走向
2.细化每个题目，注意按照题型分类做（细节题，主旨题，推理题，作者态度题、猜词题）
一、事实细节题
1.出题形式
（1）wh-型（who,what,when,where,why,how...)时间，地点，人物，原因，事件，方式
(2)是非型（true or false;right/correct;wrong)
2.做题方法
定位原文，比较选项
（1）绝对词通常不选--all,must,absolutely,only,never,completely,definitely，any, no,none
（2）常考处：
列举并列处常考
列举First,Second,Third并列A,B and C
特殊标点处常考
破折号，括号，冒号表示解释说明；引号表示用用某人的观点或某人说的话；感叹号表示作者的情感和态度。

这些标点前后的信息都常常是考点。

举例处常考
用例子证明作者观点such as;for instance;a case in point,as....as..
因果关系常考
because,since,for,as,so,therefore,consequently,as a result
转折对比处常考
however,but,while,yet,nevertheless,other than...
（3）可照搬原文，但多考同义改写
（4）选项种有正反意思出现时，答案往往再其中
Youth is a time when there are few tasks to make life difficult.If a child has good parents，he is fed，looked after and loved whatever he may do.It is impossible that he will ever again in his life be given so much without having to do anything in return. In addition，life is always presenting new things to the children—things that have lost their interest for older people because they are too well-known.....
57.When people were young，they used to_______.
A.be in charge of many businesses
B.have few things to think about and take on
C.look after their younger sisters and brothers
D.face a lot of difficulties
Again,in the modern world we use our brains a great deal.Even so,we still make use of only about20%of the brains capacity.As time goes on,however,we shall have
to use our brains more and more,and eventually we shall need larger ones.This is likely to bring about a physical change too—the head,in particular the forehead,will grow larger.
53.Man’s forehead will grow larger because_______.
A.he will make use of only about20%of the brain’s capacity
B.the other80%of his brain will grow in due time
C.he had rather narrow forehead a few hundred years ago
D.he will have to use his brain more and more as time goes on
二．主旨大意题
1.出题形式
文章大意类
What is the passage mainly about?
What’s the main idea of this passage?
What’s the best title for the passage?
What’s the writer’s purpose in writing the passage?
The writer of the passage wants to tell us that
2.做题方法
（1）概括法
（2）高频词法
（2）首尾呼应法（首段首句+尾段首句）
Procrastination(犹豫不决)is a disease of the mind.A scientific study in recent years has shown that it is a close relative of sadness and attention disorder;that procrastinators tend to be the result of low self-confidence and are likely to experience anxiety.
41.What is the main topic of this passage?
A.Don’t hesitate to give up smoking.
B.Don’t regard depression as not important.
C.Delay can be a sign of illness.
D.Don’t work too hard to stay healthy.
三、推理判断题
1.出题形式
(1)We can infer from the(first/last)passage that________．
(2)The passage/author implies/suggests that______．
2.做题方法
（1）不选照搬原文选项
（2）判断有据,推论有理,忠实原文。

切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意。

The information on the package should provide some answers.But the important thing for any buyer to remember is that a package is often an advertisement.The words and pictures do not tell the whole story.Only the product inside can do that.
50.What does the author imply in the last paragraph?
A.Package is just an advertisement.
B.Buyers shouldn’t believe the information on the package too much.
C.The package has nothing to do at all with the product.
D.Buyers can always find answers in the information on the package.
四、作者态度题
1.出题形式
This author’s attitude towards...is...
What’s the writer’s opinion of...
2.做题方法
（1）注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词
（2）结合文章主旨大意进行判断
积极类
favorable赞成的；helpful有帮助的，positive正确的，积极的，supportive支持的，concerned关心的，confident自信的，optimistic乐观的
中立的
objective客观的，neutral中立的，cautious谨慎的，uncertain不确定的
消极的
disgusting令人厌恶的，critical批评的，negative否定的
World leaders and policymakers should take the advice to heart,because a recent IPCC report warned that if immediate and great action is not taken soon,climate change will cause irreversible(不可逆转的)impacts on the environment worldwide, leaving the world an unsafe place for us to live in.
80What is the author's attitude towards the future of temperature control?
A.Confident.
B.Negative.
C.Satisfied
D.Positive
五、词义猜测
1.出题形式
(1)Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word？
(2)In the...paragraph,the word...means(refers to).
(3)According to the passage,...probably means.
2.做题方法
理解定位句含义或通过上下文关系推测词义
Without proper planning,tourism can cause problems.For example,too many tourists can crowd public places that are also enjoyed by the inhabitants of a country. If tourists create too much traffic,the inhabitants become annoyed and unhappy. 77.The underlined word"inhabitants"probably means______.
A.tourists
B.passengers
C.population
D.citizens
练习：
2020年
Passage1
Doctors have known for a long time that extremely loud noises can cause hearing damage or loss.The noise can be the sound of a jet airplane or machines in factories or loud music or other common sounds at home and at work.A person only needs to hear the noise for little more than one second to be affected.An American scientist has found that using aspirin increase the temporary hearing loss or damage from loud noise.He did an experiment, using a number of male students at a university who all had normal hearing.He gave them different amounts of aspirin for different periods of time,and then he tested their hearing ability.He found that students who were given four grams of aspirin a day for two days suffered much greater temporary hearing loss than those who did not use aspirin.The hearing loss was about two times as great.The scientist said millions of people in the United States use much larger amounts of aspirin than were used in the study.He said these people face a serious danger of suffering hearing loss from loud noise.
1.Hearing damage or loss may be caused by__________.
A.loud music
B.the sound of a jet airplane or machines
mon sounds at home or at work
D.all of the above
2.The passage suggests that one's hearing__________.
A.will be damaged even if he hears a loud noise for a little more than one second
B.will be damaged even if he hears a loud noise for a little less than one second
C.will not be damaged even if he hears a loud noise for a little more than one second
D.will not be damaged even if he hears a loud noise for a little less than one second
3.According to this passage,we can draw a conclusion that aspirin__________.
A.should never be taken more than four grams a day.
B.makes hearing damage from noise worse
C.decreases hearing damage by two times
D.should never be taken for more than two days
lions of Americans are in danger of suffering hearing loss from loud noise because they ________.
A.take too much aspirin
B.like listening to loud music
C.make loud noise at home and at work
D.often take jet airplanes
5.The scientist found from his experiment that________a day for two days would affect a person’s hearing.
A.one gram of aspirin
B.two grams of aspirin
C.three grams of aspirin
D.four grams of aspirin
Passage4
The native Americans,the people we call the"Indians"had been in America for many thousands of years before Columbus arrived in1492.Columbus thought he had arrived in India,so he called the native people“Indians”.
The Indians were kind to the early settlers.They were not afraid of them and they wanted to help them.They showed the settlers the new world around them.They taught them about the local crops like sweet potatoes,corn and peanuts.They introduced the Europeans to chocolate and to the turkey;and the Europeans did business with the Indians.
But soon the settlers wanted bigger farms and more land for themselves and their families.More and more immigrants were coming from Europe and all these people needed land.So the Europeans started to take the land from the Indians.Naturally,when the whites started taking all the Indians'land,the Indians started fighting back.But the whites were stronger and cleverer.Slowly they pushed the Indians into those parts of the continent that the whites didn't want--the parts where it was too cold or too dry or too mountainous to live.By 1875,the Indians were living in special places called"reservations".But even here the whites took land from them--perhaps the whites wanted the wood,or perhaps the land had important minerals in it,or he even wanted to make national parks there.So even on their reservations the Indians were not safe from the whites.
There are many Hollywood films about the fight between the Indians and the whites. Usually in these films the Indians are bad and the whites are good and brave.But was it really like that?What do you think?Do you think the Indians were right or wrong to fight against the whites?
16.Why did Columbus call the native people"Indians"?
A.Because he thought he had arrived in India.
B.Because he knew they were from India.
C.Because he liked Indian culture very much.
D.Because he was an Indian himself.
17.How did the Indians react to the early settlers'arrival at first?
A.They were angry at the early settlers.
B.They seldom helped the early settlers.
C.They fought against the early settler fiercely.
D.They were warm-hearted and kind to the early settlers.
18.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A.The settlers wanted to buy land from the Indians.
B.The Indians were stronger and cleverer than the settlers.
C.The whites even wanted more land on Indians'reservations.
D.The Indians gave up their land willingly.
19.We can learn from the last paragraph that_________.
A.films about the fight between the Indians and the whites are very limited
B.the Indians are usually beautified in the films
C.the author is doubtful about what the films show to us
D.films about fights are the most popular ones in the market
20.The passage is most probably taken from the______column of a newspaper.
A.entertainment
B.history
C.economy
D.culture
（判断）阅读做题步骤
1.先通读5个问题--把握话题走向
2.细化每个题目，进行定位，匹配信息是否正确
Mother Nature Shows Her Strength
Tornadoes(龙卷风)and heavy thunderstorms moved across the Great Lakes and into Trumbull County on Saturday evening.The storms were dramatic and dangerous.George Snyder was driving the fire truck down Route88when he first noticed that a funnel(漏斗状的)cloud was behind him."I stopped the truck and watched the funnel cloud.It was about100 feet off the ground and I saw it go up and down for a while.It was moving toward Bradley Road and then suddenly it disappeared."Snyder said.
Snyder only saw one of the funnel clouds that passed through northeastern Ohio on Saturday.In Trumbull County,a tornado turned trees onto their sides.Some trees feel onto houses and Cars.Other trees fell into telephone and electrical wires as they went
down.Amanda Symcheck was having a party when the storm began."I knew something was wrong，"she said."I saw the sky go green and pink.Then it sounded like a train rushing toward the house.I started crying and told everyone to go to the basement for protection."
The tornado caused a lot of damage to cars and houses in the area.It will take a long time and much money to repair everything.There was also serious water damage from me under storms.The heavy rains and high wind caused the power supply to go out in many homes.The storms caused serious flooding in areas near the river.More than four inches of rain fell in parts of Trumbull County.The river was so high that the water ran into streets and houses.Many streets had to be closed to Cars and trucks because of the high water.'This made it difficult for fire trucks,police cars，and other rescue vehicles to help people who were in trouble.Many people who live near the river had to leave their homes for their own safety.Some people reported five feet of water in their homes.Local and state officials opened emergency shelters for the people who were evacuated(撤走).The Red Cross served meals to them."This was a really intense storm。

"said Snyder.'People were afraid。

Mother Nature call be fierce.We were lucky this time.No one was killed."
41.The weather was nice in Trumbull County on Saturday evening.
42.George Snyder was a firefighter.
43.Amanda Symcheck was having a party in the basement when the storm began.
44.Power supply system was not damaged during the store.
45.Rescue vehicles had a hard time getting to people in help.
完型
考什么？
1.13-15个动词/形容词/名词/副词辨析+逻辑
2.2-3个逻辑连接词+逻辑
3.1-2个介词题
4.1-2个语法题
一．V/adj/n/adv类的题
方法：把近10年真题中，关于V/adj/n/adv每一个题的正确答案标记下来，一年20个，10年200个
二．逻辑连接词
多选：Because,while，although、though,however，but，if,even if，unless,instead of...
不选：Since,ever since,now that,about，as for,as to，in case,lest，for fear that...
三．介词题
平时的固定搭配积累
Eg:be associate with,be proud of,take pride in....
四．语法题
参考改错所讲（多考时态，非谓语，从句）
注意
1.选项种有正反意思出现时，答案往往再其中
2.把握中心，处理好上下逻辑
2020年
Throughout history man has had to accept the fact that all living things must die,but people now live longer than they___21____.Yet,all living things still show the____22____of aging, which will eventually____23_____death.Aging is not a disease,but as a person passes maturity, the cells of the body and the____24____they form do not function as well as they____25______in childhood and adolescence(青春期).The body provides less____26____against disease and is more inclined___27____have an accident.A number of related causes may____28_____aging. Some cells of the body have a fairly long life,but they are not_____29______when they die.As a person ages,____30____of brain cells and muscle cells decreases.____31____body cells die and are replaced by new cells.In an aging person the____32____cells may not be as viable(能生存的)or as capable____33____growth as those of a young person.
Another____34____in aging may be changes within the cells____35____.Some of the protein chemicals in cells are known____36____with age and become less elastic(有弹性的). This is why the skin of old people wrinkles and____37____.This is also the reason why old people shrinks in____38____.There may be other more important chemical changes in the cells. Some complex cell chemicals,such as DNA and RNA,store and____39____information that
the cells need.Aging may affect this____40____and change the information carrying molecules so that they do not transmit the information as well.
21.A.would B.be used to ed to ed
22.A.function B.courage C.affect D.sign
23.A.lead in B.give in C.run into D.result in
24.A.hands B.feet C.heart ans
25.A.do B.has done C.did D.had done
26.A.energy B.protection C.vigor D.power
27.A.to B.with C.for D.of
28.A.attend to B.contribute to C.add to D.devote to
29.A.replaced B.rebuilt C.recovered D.surrendered
30.A.a number B.the amount C.the number D.a great deal
31.A.The others B.Others C.Another D.Other
32.A.old B.left C.new D.young
33.A.to B.for C.of D.in
34.A.factor B.effect C.reason D.element
35.A.for themselves B.of themselves C.themselves D.on their own
36.A.change B.to have changed C.to change D.to be changed
37.A.hangs loose B.hangs loosely C.is hanging loosely D.is hanging loose
38.A.body B.height C.shape D.skin
39.A.pass away B.pass by C.pass off D.pass on
40.A.improvement B.possession C.approach D.process。