最新新概念第一册Lesson 79-80知识点及拓展

新概念第一册L e s s o n 79-80知识点及拓展
Lesson 79-80
Carol’s shopping list
TOM: What are you doing, Carol?
CAROL: I’m making a shopping list, Tom.
TOM: What do we need?
CAROL: We need a lot of things this week.
CAROL: I must go to the grocer’s.
We haven’t got much tea or coffee, and we haven’t got any sugar or jam.
TOM: What about vegetables?
CAROL: I must go to the greengrocer’s.
We haven’t got many tomatoes,
but we’ve got a lot of potatoes.
CAROL: I must go to the butcher’s, too. We need some meat.
We haven’t got any meat at all.
TOM: Have we got any beer and wine?
And I’m not going to get any!
TOM: I hope that you’ve got some money.
CAROL: I haven’t got much.
TOM: Well, I haven’t got much either!
1.shopping n. 购物
--go shopping 逛商店
go +doing
主要表示参加户外娱乐、体育等活动等
go dancing去跳舞，go riding去骑马，go shooting去射击，go boating去划船,go skating去滑冰,go skiing去滑雪，
go climbing去爬山,go fishing去钓鱼，go walking去散步）
--Shall we go shopping?
--I go swimming every afternoon.
--I often went hunting with my father when I was young.
do+doing
表示日常的、室内的、非运动的活动，名词前常可加
some,any,the,all the,one's等修饰，
do reading看点书，do writing写点东西， do washing洗衣物，do sewing缝补衣服，do eleaning搞卫生，do shopping 购物
do cooking做饭
--We do shopping every Sunday.
--Mom does cooking everyday.
--She spends her money quickly. She does too much shopping.
--I always try to do some reading when I am free.
--Who does the cleaning in your house?
--My father never does cooking .
--He was doing some reading when I went in.
--Have you done any writing lately?
--She did the cleaning all by herself.
--She did all the cleaning alone.
2.list n.单子
--I need a list of your names. 我需要你们的一份名单。

--Please make a list of things you must do.
--name list 名单/ shopping list 购物单
make a shopping list 写一张购物单。

3.vegetable n. 蔬菜，可数名词
--I like vegetables better than meat.
--Peas, cabbages, potatoes and tomatoes are all vegetables.
4. need v.
(1)“需要”作一般性动词
--I need your help.
--He needs food, clothing, housing and love.
常见词组：
--be in need of 需要
--We are in great need of water.
(2)need 作情态动词时=must，后接动词原形，
常用于疑问句、否定句，语气比must委婉。

判断以下句中need是一般性动词还是情态助动词
--Need I help him with his Lessons?
--We need some water.
--You needn’t tell me your ideas.
情态动词must need区别：
need只用于否定形式和疑问句，语气委婉；
must只用于肯定形式和疑问句，语气强硬。

另外need可用于if、whether引导的从句，或用于有否定语气的句子里，比如：hardly adv.几乎；no one n.没有人。

Must/Need you finish the work?
Yes, I must. No, I needn’t.
must need 与have to 的比较
must 和 have to 都有“必须”的含义
must“必须”、“应该”表示说话人认为有必要做某事,命令,要求别人做某事以及对事物的推测（其它两词无此意思），主观愿
望；
--You must do the housework.你一定要做家
have to必须”、“不得不”表示客观事实上不得不做某事，带有无奈和强迫性的
--He has to stay in bed for 3 or 4 days.
need需要做某事，感情比较随意，有空间可以让步，没有强迫情绪--I need to do some housework.
但must只有一般现在时，不象have to有更多时态变化。

补充：
1)must 的否定形式 must not 表示“不应该”、“禁止”、“不准”。

语气
比较强烈。

①You mustn’t speak like that.(你不应该像那样讲话。

）
②You mustn’t be late for school.（你不应该上学迟到。

）
在回答 must 的问句时，肯定形式用 must 来回答，但否定形式用needn’t 或 don’t have to来回答, 而不用 mustn’t 来回答。

①——Must I be home before 8 o’clock?
——Yes, you must. No, you needn’t./No, you don’t have to.
2)have got to 是 have to 的口语形式。

--I’ve got to leave for Nanjing.①I must go now.(主观看法)
② My mother is ill, so I have to go now.(客观需要)
练习：
--I ___ go to school.
--I ___ go to see the dentist.
We will ___ get up early tomorrow.
1.-Must I do it now?
-No, you _______.
A. needn't
B. don't have to
C. mustn't
D. A or B
2.It's nearly seven o'clock. Jack ______be here at any time.
A. must
B. need C should D can.
3.-When can I come for these photos? I need them tomorrow
afternoon.
-They ____be ready by 12:00.
A. can
B. should
C. might
D. need
4.They ___ do well in the exam.
A. can be able to
B. be able to
C. can able to
D. are able to
5. -Could I take this book out?
-No, you___.
A. can't
B. couldn't
C. needn't
D. aren't
6. You___ go and see a doctor at once because you're got a fever.
A. can
B. must
C. dare
D. would
7.-Can you speak Japanese?
-No, I____. A. mustn't B. can't C. needn't D. may not
8. Even the top students in our class can't work out this problem,
so it___ be very difficult.
A. may
B. must
C. can
D. need
9. He isn't at school. I think he ___ be ill.
A. can
B. shall
C. must
D. has to
10. The children___ play football on the road.
A. can't
B. can
C. mustn't
D. must
11.His arm is all right. He___ go and see the doctor.
A. has not to
B. don't have to
C. haven't to
D. doesn't have to
12. Excuse me. ___ you please pass me that cup?
A. Do
B. Should
C. Would
D. Must
13. -Would you like to go boating with us?
-Yes, ___.
A. I'd like
B. I want
C. I'd like to
D. I do
5. We haven’t got much tea or coffee.
or表示“即不…也不…”
--They are not doctors or nurses. 他们即不是医生，也不是护士。

用and 则表示“不同时是”
--I am not a teacher and doctor. I am only a teacher.
我不是即当教师又当医生，我只是一个教师。

--I don’t like beer and coco-cola.
--I don’t like beer or coco-cola.
在选择并列句中，or用于疑问句和否则句，而and 用于肯定句：We have got much tea and coffee.
Have we got any beer and wine? 如果疑问句中希望得到对方的肯定回答，那么用陈述句的语法。

Would you like some beef? 来一些牛肉怎么样
We haven’t got any meat at all. 我们根本没有肉了。

at all adv.根本，用于否定句之中。

放在句末。

not any 一点也没有了 not many/little （有一点）几乎没有了have/has got to sth拥有某物，这是一个固定搭配。

6.某人“有”某物的表达
has/have got (英式)= has/have(美式)。

has/have got... (英式)其中has/have当助动词使用。

has/have...(美式)的助动词是does /do
He has got a new car=He has a new car.
I haven’t got a large house. = I don’t have a large house.
Has he got a new car?
Does he have a new car?
7. What about vegetables?
What about…? …又怎么样？
--Your mother is fine. What about your father?
--I’ll go shopping. What about you?我要去逛商店，你呢？
What about…?= How about…? 可以用来表建议。

--What about a cup of tea? That’s great.
8. I hope that you’ve got some money.
hope v. 希望，这个单词很特殊，是不及物动词，所以不能hope sb to do sth的结构，而是用hope that...或hope to do...
同样的：expect也是不及物动词，但 wish 是及物动词vt.
I hope that you have got some money.
= I wish you have got some money.
--hope to do sth 希望做某事
--I hope to see him now.
--I hope to get a new car.
--Everyone hopes to live a happy life.
--I hope that you can come back early.
--I hope that I haven’t made any mistakes.
9.money n. 钱，不可数名词
--He has a lot of money. He’s rich.
--Which is more important, love or money?
--Money can not buy everything.
10.thing n. 事情，东西
--What is that small thing? 那小东西是什么？
--I have many things to do. 我有许多事情要做。

--something某物，某事不定代词
--Something must be wrong with my car.
--I hope to get something to eat.
--anything 任何事情，任何东西不定代词，用于否定、疑问句
--Do you have anything to tell me? 你有事要告诉我吗？
--I don’t have anything to do today. 我今天没事可做。

--nothing没有事，没有任何东西不定代词
--I have no money, no house, no love. I have nothing.
--There is nothing I can do.
--I hear nothing.
11.复习“主语＋be going to +动词原形”表示“打算、计划做某事”
I am going to buy a car.
He is going to play football after school.
12. 修饰可数和不可数名词的形容词或介词短语
a lot of=lots of(很多，可数和不可数名词都可修饰) many(很多，只修饰可数名词)
much(很多，只修饰不可数名词)
some/any(一些，可数和不可数名词都可修饰， some 多用于肯定句，any a few (一点，只修饰可数名词，用于肯定形式)
a little(一点，只修饰不可数名词，用于肯定形式) not many(没大有，只修饰可数名词)
not much(没大有，只修饰不可数名词) few (几乎没有，只修饰可数名词，用于否定形式)
little(几乎没有，只修饰可数名词，用于否定形式)
not any(没有，可数和不可数名词都可修饰)
--I have got a little money. 我还有一些钱。

--I have got little money. 我几乎没有钱了。

如果比较的话： a lot of=lots of =many>>some/any >>a few
>>not many>>few>>not any
a lot of=lots of =much>>some/any >>a little
>>not much>>little>>not any
练习：
１． 我的狗Ｔｉｎｙ有许多红色的球。

（６种表达，英式美式各３种） ２． 他哥哥有很多钱。

（６种表达，英式美式各３种）
３． 玛丽有一些咖啡。

（４种表达，英式美式各２种）
４．他们有一些白色的花。

（２种表达，英式美式各１种）５．他有一点土豆。

（２种表达，英式美式各１种）
６．仓有一点糖。

（２种表达，英式美式各１种）
７．我们没大有西红柿了。

（２种表达，英式美式各１种）８．我们没大有牛奶了。

（２种表达，英式美式各１种）
９．Ｔｏｍ几乎没有钱了。

（２种表达，英式美式各１种）
１０．Ｔｏｍ几乎没有朋友。

（２种表达，英式美式各１种）１１．爸爸没有茶了。

（２种表达，英式美式各１种）
１２．你没有苹果了。

（２种表达，英式美式各１种）。