新概念第二册课堂笔记Lesson69

新概念第⼆册课堂笔记Lesson69
Lesson 69 But not murder!
【语法Grammar in use】
被动语态
（1）被动语态的基本形式：
Recently it was damaged by a visitor.
最近它被⼀个客⼈弄坏了。

（⼀般过去时）
Passing planes can be heard night and day.
过往飞机⽇夜不绝于⽿。

（与情态助动词连⽤）
Over a hundred people must have been driven away from their homes by the noise.
有⼀百多⼈肯定是被噪⾳逼得已经弃家远去。

（must与被动语态的完成式连⽤）
The bicycle was being sent to his home by train.
⼈们正⽤⽕车给他把⾃⾏车送回家。

（被动语态⽤于过去进⾏时）
He never expected the thief to be arrested.
他从未指望那⼩偷能被逮着。

（被动语态⽤于复合宾语中的不定式结构中）
The whole village soon learnt that a large sum of money had been lost.
整个村⼦很快知道，有⼀⼤笔钱丢失了。

（⽤于过去完成时）
（2）被动语态还可以⽤于介词+动名词结构中。

介词（after, before, on）+动名词这个结构通常相当于⼀个时间状语从句。

如果两个动作中有⼀个在另⼀个开始之前已经完成，则可以⽤after+动名词的完成式表⽰第1个动作；
如果只表⽰先后顺序，则可⽤after（或before）+动名词结构；
on+动名词通常表⽰两个动作⼏乎同时发⽣：
After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence.在接到把车开出城的指令后，我开始有了信⼼。

The man called the police after being robbed.那⼈遭抢劫后给警⽅打了电话。

He killed a child before being arrested.他在被捕前杀死了⼀个孩⼦。

On/After being told that her mother was seriously ill, she hurried back to England.她得知母亲病重后连忙回到英国。

被动语态⽤于介词+动名词结构在英语中是很正式的⽤法，⼀般不⽤于⼝语中。

（3）被动语态⽤于want后⾯的不定式中时，to be可以省略：
I want the luggage fetched from the hotel this afternoon.
我希望有⼈今天下午去把⾏李从旅馆取回来。

want后跟被动语态时往往表⽰希望别⼈完成所说的动作。

（4）被动语态还可⽤于过去进⾏时，以强调动作的持续性
【New words and expressions】
★murder n. 谋杀
Murder is a horrible crime. 谋杀是⼀种恐怖的罪⾏。

murder v. 谋杀/糟蹋，毁了
They found that he had been murdered. 他们判定他是被谋杀的
Panjinlian, together with Xienqiang murdered her husband.
He murdered the whole work.
murderer杀⼈犯
★instruct v. 命令，指⽰
instruct someone to do something 命令某⼈做某事
I have been instructed to wait here until he comes
instruction n. 说明书
★acquire v. 取得，获得，获得，学到（知识、技术、语⾔等），养成（习惯等）After many years efforts, I finally acquired the trust of my workmates.
acquire confidence 获得信⼼
Mary acquired a good knowledge of Chinese in five years’ time.
Tom acquired a habit of smoking.
★confidence n. 信⼼
She has a lot of confidence.她充满了⾃信.
She has great confidence in her success.
shatter sb’s confidence动摇某⼈的信⼼
with great confidence满怀信⼼
★examiner n. 主考⼈
★suppose v. 假设
Suppose conj.如果/假设
Suppose we miss the train, what will do then?
Suppose you had a Benz, how would you feel?
Suppose v.假设/猜想
I suppose it will rain.
Suppose you had one million dollars, what would you do?
Suppose you were him, what would you do?
常⽤于“let us suppose that”这个结构：
Let us suppose that there is a forest fire.让我们假设发⽣了森林⽕灾。

★tap v. 轻敲
He tapped on the door.
★react v. 反应
How did she react to your suggestion?
She reacted by getting angry.
reaction n.反映
What’s her reaction to your decision?
★brake n. 刹车support
Press(put on) brake / ac-ce-le-ra-tor 踩刹车/油门
The drive braked hard as the dog ran onto the road.
★pedal n. 踏板
Brake pedal
★mourn-ful adj. 悲哀的
There was a mournful look on her face.
a joyful /mournful sound⾼兴[悲伤]的声⾳
Misery and mournful苦楚悲痛
【Text】
But not murder!
I was being tested for a driving licence for the third time. I had been asked to drive in heavy traffic
and had done so successfully. After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence. Sure that I had passed, I was almost beginning to enjoy my test. The examiner must have been pleased with my performance, for he smiled and said, 'Just one more thing, Mr. Eames. Let us suppose that a child suddenly crosses the road in front of you. As soon as I tap on the window, you must stop within five feet.' I continued driving and after some time, the examiner tapped loudly. Though the sound could be heard clearly, it took me a long time to react.
I suddenly pressed the brake pedal hard and we were both thrown forward. The examiner looked at me sadly. 'Mr. Eames,' he said, in a mournful voice, 'you have just killed that child!'
我当时是正在被第3次考试驶执照。

我被要求在车辆拥挤的路上驾驶，并且成功地这么做了。

在被指⽰把车开出城后，我开始有了信⼼。

确信我已通过考试，我⼏乎开始喜欢起我的考试了。

主考⼈肯定对我的表现是满意的，因为他微笑着说：“只有⼀件事了，Eames先⽣。

让我们假设⼀个⼩孩⼦突然在你前⾯穿过马路。

我⼀敲车窗，你必须得在5英尺之内停下。

”我继续开车，过了⼀会⼉，主考⼈⼤声地敲了起来。

尽管声⾳能被很清楚地听到，但我还是花了好长时间才作出反应。

我突然⽤⼒踩紧刹车踏板，我们俩都被向前扔了出去。

主考⼈伤⼼地看着我。

“Eames先⽣，”他以悲伤的声调说，“你刚刚把那个⼩孩压死了！”
【课⽂讲解】
I was being tested for a driving licence for the third time. 我当时是正在被第3次考试驶执照。

driving licence 驾驶执照
for表⽬的
Let’s go for a walk. 我们出去散步吧。

I came here for my schoolbag.我来这⼉取书包。

for+次数
I'm meeting him for the first time today. 今天我要与他初次见⾯.
I'll never forget seeing my daughter dance in public for the first time.我永远忘不了看着我⼥⼉第⼀次当众跳舞的情景.
I had been asked to drive in heavy traffic and had done so successfully. 我被要求在车辆拥挤的路上驾驶，并且成功地这么做了。

heavy adj. ⼤量的，多的，密集的
Traffic is heavier on this road than on the other one.
After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence. 在被指⽰把车开出城后，我开始有了信⼼。

介词短语作时间状语After having been instructed
acquire通常表⽰通过努⼒“获得”、“学到（知识、技术、语⾔等）”，也可⽤来表⽰“养成（习惯等）”：
Mary acquired a good knowledge of Chinese in five years' time.
5年之内玛丽学会了汉语。

Tom acquired a habit of smoking.
汤姆养成了抽烟的习惯。

Sure that I had passed, I was almost beginning to enjoy my test. 确信我已通过考试，我⼏乎开始喜欢起我的考试了。

Sure前⾯省略了being
句⾸省略了分词being或feeling，在句中作状语（与分词结构作状语的情况类似）：Interested in the story, he finished reading the book in two hours.由于对故事（情节）感兴趣，他两个⼩时就把那本书读完了。

As he was worried about his child, he didn’t sleep last night.
Worried about his child, he didn’t sleep last night.
The examiner must have been pleased with my performance, for he smiled and said, 'Just one more thing, Mr. Eames. Let us suppose that a child suddenly crosses the road in front of you. As soon as I tap on the window, you must stop within five feet.'主考⼈肯定对我的表现是满意的，因为他微笑着说：“只有⼀件事了，Eames先⽣。

让我们假设⼀个⼩孩⼦突然在你前⾯穿过马路。

我⼀敲车窗，你必须得在5英尺之内停下。

”
must have been表⽰对过去的事情的猜测
performance n. 表现，表演，⼯作情况
be pleased with 对……满意
They are pleased with his work.他们对他的⼯作满意。

The manager isn't very pleased with his secretary.经理对他的秘书不太满意。

more附加的；额外的：
She needs some more time.她需要更多的时间
let us suppose that…让我们假设……
Let us suppose that there is a forest fire.
I continued driving and after some time, the examiner tapped loudly. 我继续开车，过了⼀会⼉，主考⼈⼤声地敲了起来。

Though the sound could be heard clearly, it took me a long time to react. 尽管声⾳能被很清楚地听到，但我还是花了好长时间才作出反应。

I suddenly pressed the brake pedal hard and we were both thrown forward.
我突然⽤⼒踩紧刹车踏板，我们俩都被向前扔了出去。

The examiner looked at me sadly. 'Mr. Eames,' he said, in a mournful voice, 'you have just killed that child!'
in a mournful voice ⽤悲伤的声调
in a …voice 以……的声调
He told them the news in a sad/excited voice.
Summary writing摘要写作
Answer these questions in not more than 80 words.
回答下列问题，将答案组成⼀个段落，不要超过80个单词。

1 Had Mr. Eames driven successfully in heavy traffic during his third driving test or not? What did the examiner instruct him to do?(when)
Mr.Eames had driven successfully through heavy traffic during his third driving test when the examiner instructed him to drive out of town.
What did he tell him to suppose?(that…would)
He told him to suppose that a child would suddenly cross the road in front of him.
3 What would Mr. Eames have to do when the examiner tapped on the window?
Mr. Eames would have to stop the car within five feet when the examiner tapped on the window.
4 Did he tap loudly or not? Did Mr. Eames react quickly enough or not? What was he told?(Though…and)
Though he tapped loudly,Mr.Eames did not react quickly enough and was told that he had just killed the child. Composition作⽂
Write two or three sentences using the ideas given below:
⽤以下词组写出2⾄3个句⼦来：
Three months later Earmes appeared for his fourth test----again told to stop----the examiner was thrown forward, but the child's life was saved----Eames passed his test, but the examiner said,‘You nearly killed me this time!’
Three months later,Eames appeared for his fourth driving test.He was told to stop again. He stopped, the examiner was thrown forward but the child's life was saved.At last,Eames passed his test,but the examiner said,"You nearly killed me this time!"
Letter writing书信写作
Write five opening phrases which could be used in letters to friends or relations.
为给朋友和亲戚的信写出5句开头语。

Key structures关键句型
After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence.
被动语态
a You have learnt to write sentences like these:
你已经学习了写这样的句⼦：
It was made in Germany in 1681.(KS10)（第10课关键句型）
I told you it could be done.(KS21)（第21课关键句型）
I can't find my bag.It must have been stolen.(KS21) （第21课关键句型）
The man was being questioned by the police.(KS34)（第34课关键句型）
He never expected the bicycle to be found.(KS34)（第34课关键句型）
I found the parcel had been sent to the wrong address.(KS45)（第45课关键句型）
b Now study these sentences:
仔细阅读以下句⼦：
Instead of saying:
除了这种表达⽅法外：
还可以说：
After he was arrested, the man confessed that he had stolen the money.
After being arrested, the man confessed that he had stolen the money.
After he had been instructed to drive out of town, he began to acquire confidence.
After having been instructed to drive out of town, he began to acquire confidence.
Exercises练习
A Underline the verbs in the passage which are similar in form to the examples given above.
在课⽂中划出与以上句型相似的动词。

B Give the correct form of the verbs in parentheses. Do not refer to the passage until you finish the exercise.
⽤正确的时态填空，完成练习后再对照课⽂核对你的答案。

I____(test)for my driving licence for the third time. I____(ask)to drive in heavy traffic and had
done so successfully. After____(have/instruct)to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence. Sure that I had passed, I was almost beginning to enjoy my test. The examiner____(must/please)with my performance, for he smiled and said,‘Just one more thing, Mr. Eames. Let us suppose that a child suddenly crosses the road in front of you. A s soon as I tap on the window, you must____(stop)within five fe et.’ I continued driving and after some time, the examiner tapped loudly. Though the sound____(could/hear)clearly, it took me a long time to react. I suddenly pressed the brake pedal hard and we
both____(throw)forward.
Special difficulties难点
Words often confused 经常容易混淆的词
a Practice, Advice.
Study these pairs of sentences:
细读以下各对句⼦：
He still needs a lot of practice.
他仍需⼤量的练习。

He practises the piano every day.
他每天练习弹钢琴。

I want to give you some advice.
我想给你提点建议。

What do you advise me to do?
你想建议我⼲什么？
b Enjoy, Entertain, and Amuse. Study these examples:
细读以下各对句⼦：
I was almost beginning to enjoy my test.(11.4-5)
We enjoyed ourselves at the party.
在聚会上我们玩得很痛快。

He entertained me to dinner.
He entertained everybody with his clever tricks.
他精彩的戏法使⼤家都很⾼兴。

The children were amused by the circus clown. (They laughed.)
孩⼦们被马戏团的⼩丑逗乐了。

His funny stories amused us all. (They made us laugh.)
他那些稀奇古怪的故事把我们⼤家都逗乐了。

That child can amuse himself for hours playing in the sand.(He can pass his time happily.)那个孩⼦可以⼀个⼈在沙堆⾥玩上⼏个⼩时。

Exercise练习
Choose the correct words in the following sentences:
选择正确的词：
1 I never(amuse)(enjoy)(practicing)(practising)the piano.
2 We were all(amused)(enjoyed)by the jokes he told us.
3 He(advised)(adviced) me to get a(license)(licence).
4 We rarely(entertain)(amuse)these days.
5 We(entertained)(enjoyed)some friends to dinner last night.
6 The magician(amused)(enjoyed) the audience very much.
Multiple choice questions多项选择题
Comprehension理解
1 Mr. Eames felt confident because ____.
(a) he was sure he hadn't failed this time
(b) he had driven in heavy traffic
(c) he had driven out of town
(d) the examiner smiled
2 Mr. Eames probably failed his test because ____.
(a) he ran over a child
(b) he didn't stop quickly enough
(c) he pressed the brake pedal too hard
(d) he and the examiner were thrown forward
Structure句型
3 Mr. Eames was taking the driving test. The examiner ____him.
(a) was being testing
(b) was been testing
(c) was testing
4 The examiner must have been pleased. He____ pleased.
(a) had to be
(b) was probably
(c) was certainly
(d) should be
5 Let us suppose that a child suddenly crosses the road. Imagine it ____.
(a)would happen
(b)happening
(c)had been happening
(d) will have happened
6 Mr. Earmes continued ____.
(a) to driving
(b) drive
(c) to drive
(d) to have been driving
7 I want the car to be stopped. I____ the car.
(a) want to stop
(b) want stop
(c)want you stop
(d)want you to stop
Vocabulary词汇
8 When you have passed a driving test, you are allowed to ____.
(a) drive a car
(b) buy a car
(c) sell a car
(d)keep a car
9 He began to acquire confidence. He gradually ____confident.
(a)became
(b)came
(c)obtained
(d)took
10 He was instructed by the examiner to drive out of town. He was ____to do this.
(a) taught
(b) told
(c)trained
(d)prepared
11 The examiner must have been pleased with my performance. He was pleased with my ____.
(a)act
(b)behaviour
(c)efforts
(d)doings
12 The examiner spoke in a mournful voice. His voice was ____.
(a) lamentable
(b)sorry
(c)pitiful
(d)sorrowful
Sentence structure句⼦结构
Rewrite this sentence, then check your answer against the text.
改写以下句⼦，然后对照课⽂第2-3⾏，核对你的答案。

I had been instructed to drive out of town and I began to acquire confidence.
After ___________________________________________.。