20XX职称英语新增文章理工类B级阅读理解第22篇-职称英语考试.doc

2015职称英语新增文章理工类B级阅读理解第22篇-职称英语考试
第二十二篇Real World Robots
When you think of a robot, do you envision a shiny, metallic device having the same general shape as a human being, performing humanlike functions, and responding to your questions in a monotone voice accentuated by high-pitched tones and beeps? This is the way many of us imagine a robot, but in the real world, a robot is not humanoid at all. Instead a robot often is a voiceless, box-shaped machine that efficiently carries out repetitive or dangerous functions usually performed by humans. Today’s robot is more than an automatic machine that performs one task again and again. A modern robot is programmed with varying degrees of artificial intelligence—that is, a robot contains a computer program that tells it how to perform tasks associated with human intelligence, such as reasoning, drawing conclusions, and learning from past experience.
A robot does not possess a human shape for the simple reason that a two-legged robot has great difficulty remaining balanced. A robot does, however, move from place to place on wheels and axles
that roll and rotate. A robot even has limbs that swivel and move in combination with joints and motors. To find its way in its surroundings1, a robot utilizes various built-in sensors. Antennae attached to the robot’s base detect anything they bump into. If the robot starts to teeter as it moves on an incline, a gyroscope or a pendulum inside it senses the vertical differential. To determine its distance from an object and how quickly it will reach the object，the robot bounces beams of laser light and ultrasonic sound waves off obstructions in its path2. These and other sensors constantly feed information to the computer, which then analyzes the information and corrects or adjusts the robot’s actions. As science and technology advance, the robot too will progress in its functions and use of artificial-intelligence programs.
词汇：
envision v. 想象，预想
device n. 装置
accentuate v. 强调，重读
artificial intelligence n. 人工智能
limb n. 臂
antennae n. 天线
incline v. 倾斜
pendulum n. 钟摆
ultrasonic adj. 超声的
metallic adj. 金属的
monotone n. 单调的
humanoid adj. 像人的
axle n. 轮轴
rotate v. 旋转
swivel n. 旋转
teeter v. 摇晃
gyroscope n. 陀螺仪，回转仪
vertical n. 直立的
注释：
1.To find its way in its surroundings...：为了在周围找到路……
2.the robot bounces beams of laser light and ultrasonic sound waves off obstructions in its path：机器人发射激光束和超声波，反射到障碍物上(以此来探知路径)。

练习：
1.Another good title for this passage would be
A Robots: Taking the Place of Humans.
B Artificial Intelligence Programs.
C Today’s Robots and How They Function.
D Modern-Day Sensors.
2.Artificial intelligence is
A the unnatural way in which robots move.
B a voiceless, box-shaped machine that performs repetitive tasks.
C sensors such as antennae and a gyroscope.
D a computer program that imitates human intellectual processes.
3.The last paragraph suggests that future robots will be
A more humanlike in behavior and actions.
B more like automatic machines.
C better able to move on inclines.
D better equipped with laser light sensors.
4.The writer begins the passage by comparing
A the shape of a human being with a box.
B a modem robot with a fictional robot.
C an imaginary machine with a human.
D a computer program with artificial intelligence.
5.The word humanoid means
A lacking human characteristics.
B anything having the appearance of a humanoid.
C being void or vacant.
D having a human form or characteristics.
答案与题解：
1.C 从文中得知，文章主要介绍了机器人和它们的运行方式，因此选择C选项。

2.D Artificial是“人工”的意思，intelligence是“智能”的意思。

另外从文中得知，机器人使用artificial intelligence能够进行与人类类似的推理分析等活动，因此可知它是一种类似人类智能的计算机程序。

3.A 最后一段讲机器人的发展方向是更加智能，能够自己判断并修正行为，而不仅仅是完成重复性的工作。

4.B 文章开头的时候作者让读者描述他们脑海中的机器人概念，并随后介绍了实际的机器人是怎样的，因此选择B选项。

5.D 从humanoid的词根human可看出这个词是形容与人类有关的特征。

另外根据文章对这个词的描述可以得出这个词是表示和人类类似的特征，不管是外形上，还是行为方式上。

学员：张秀华（江苏）
反复听了Jacky老师的课，把重点放在技巧上。

一个小时多一点就做完了，第一次感觉这样轻松
学员：王磊（四川）
第一次考顺利过关，考试技巧真的非常重要。

谢谢老师的
归纳和整理，让我节约了很多时间。

学员：查达正（安徽）
今年的题目变化很大，只要明白了中文的意思，认真听课准备，学习老师的快速答题技巧还是可以通过的。

学员：苏遴（四川）
学员：陈泽平（广东）
离开学校30多年了，这次还能取得了71分的成绩，满意了。

感谢雄鹰，感谢Jacky老师！！！
学员：王文静（黑龙江）
考试结束了，解放啦，感谢雄鹰网校老师，每一次遇到不会的地方提问，都能很快得到答复
学员：王雪凌（辽宁）
感谢Jacky老师教我们的答题技巧，很受用
学员：刘文东（广东）
成熟稳重的Jacky老师,发音、讲解都很棒，零基础听课也不费劲儿，个人感觉学习体验比较好，非常喜欢!
学员：党海燕（陕西）
听了Jacky老师的课，是有了突飞猛进的提高，考试的确需要一些技巧！
更多。