2013职称英语综合类阅读理解英文及译文

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2013职称英语卫生类阅读理解中文翻译及答案

第一篇.Bringing Nanotechnology to Health Care for the Poor 纳米保健技术走向贫困国家纳米技术的应用对象都是分子级和原子级的物质。

如今，长度为一纳米，即十亿分之一米的粒子已被开发出多种用途，如制造美容产品和抗污型服装等。

但其中一个领域科学家认为潜力尤为巨大，那就是医药领域。

在上周于华盛顿Woodrow Wilson国际中心召开的一个项目会议上，科学家们探讨了如何将纳米技术应用于贫困国家人口保健的事宜。

来自多伦多大学的Peter Singer声称一项名为量子点的纳米技术可被应用于疟疾的诊断。

相对于传统的仅用显微镜观察血液样本的方法，此技术要先进得多。

由于贫困国家往往没有条件应用此项新技术，许多健康人被误诊为疟疾患者，而药物的滥用又导致了抗药性的产生。

所谓量子点是指一些被激活后会发光的粒子，如今科学家正在研究为它们编程的方法，以便当靶分子存在的时候就能够通过发光来诊断疾病。

纳米技术的优越性不光体现在疾病的诊断，还包括疾病的治疗。

国立卫生研究所的Piotr Grodzinski与大家共同探讨了如何运用纳米技术来增强药效。

以一些已经使用了纳米技术的抗癌药物为例，他指出，如果药物可以针对癌症病灶而不是整个人体，治疗所需药量就会大大减少，副作用也会降低。

Andrew Maynard是Woodrow Wilson中心新兴的纳米技术工程部骨干科学家，他注意到巴西、印度、中国及南非正在开发可被贫困国家所应用的纳米技术。

与此同时他指出，与较大分子不同，纳米材料的颗粒在人体内和体外环境中的作用可能有所不同，因此纳米技术的应用存在一定风险，若要深入研究这些风险则需要更大的资金投入。

Medical Journals医学杂志医学杂志是向医生和其他卫生专业人员提供医学信息的出版物。

在过去，这些杂志只有印刷版。

随着电子出版的发展，许多医学杂志现在都有网站了，有些杂志只有网络版。

2013年职称英语卫生B阅读理解中英文背宝

2013年职称英语（卫生B）阅读理解中英文背宝*第十七篇Eating Potatoes Gives Your Immune System a Boost*第十八篇Exercise Can Replace Insulin for Elderly Diabetics*第十九篇Prolonging Human Life（2012新增未考）*第二十篇FDA: Human, Animal Waste Threatens Produce*第二十一篇Early or Later Day Care*第二十二篇Egypt Felled by Famine*第二十三篇After-birth Depression Blamed for Woman's Suicide*第二十四篇Sleep Lets Brain File Memories （2012新增未考）*第二十五篇Medicine Award Kicks off Nobel Prize Announcements*第二十六篇Obesity: the Scourge of the Western World*第二十七篇New Attempts to Eradicate AIDS Virus（2012新增已考）*第二十八篇Diseases of Agricultural Plants*第二十九篇“Don’t Drink Alone” Gets New Meaning（2013新增）*第三十篇Silent and Deadly*第三十一篇Spacing in Animals*第三十二篇Fruit and Vegetable Juices as Beneficial to Health as Fruits and Veggies*第三十三篇In-line Skating and Injuries。

2013年职称英语综合c阅读理解最新

第一篇Telling Tales about People 讲述关于人们的故事1. This passage is mostly about the characteristics of autobiographies，memoirs，and biographies2. Helen Keller wrote an autobiography.3. Autobiography writers are not always objective because they want to present themselves in a good light.4. The writer introduces each category in the passage by defining it.5. Diverse means varied or different _.A. able to swim in deep waterB. similar or alikeC. varied or differentD. enjoying poetry第二篇Outside-the-classroom Learning Makes a Big Difference 课外学习带来很大不同1. An extracurricular activity like raising a fund of $300,000 is risky because most student leaders will not take an interest in it.2. American students join campus organizations mostly forbuilding friendship.3. Who is Katie Rowley? She's a senior student.4. What do student leaders need to carry an activity through to a successful end? Passion.5. The phrasal verb fatten up in paragraph 6 could be best replaced by polish.第三篇Shark Attack1.After Craig Rogers fell into the water, he shark swam away2.It is difficult for the author to understand why great whites often let humans escape3.Which of the following is closest in meaning to make up in line 2 of paragraph 4 B)are？4).The word their in line 2 0f paragraph 4 means. great whites' 5).What is the main idea of the forth paragraph? W e now know great whites don't mistake humans for other animals.第四篇Feast on Turkey and Good Wishes at Thanksgiving 火鸡盛宴和感恩节的祝福1. On Halloween, children in the United States often dress up as ghosts.2.When are turkey and pumpkin pieeaten？On Thanksgiving .3.Thanksgiving is the time for theAmerican people to thank God forproviding them with comfortable andhappy lives.4.Many children in the United Stateslike Thanksgiving because they canstay with their parents at home and eata lot of nice food.5. The first pilgrims settled in AmericaThe adventures of Ibn Battuta.2.Which of the following is closest inmeaning to set off for in line 5? left togo to3.The Sultan of Delhi gave Ibn Battutaa position of judge because_IbnBattuta had studied in Mecca .4.Which of the following would thewriter of this passage most likely agreewith?Ibn Battuta should be betterknown in the W est today.5.Why did Ibn Battuta finally return tohis home?The Sultan of Moroccoasked him to return.第六篇TV Shows and Long BusTrips 看电视与长途汽车旅行1.According to the passage, what dothe passengers usually see when theyare on a long bus trip? Advertisementson billboards.2.What is the purpose of this passage?To talk about the similarities betweenlong bus trips and TV shows.3.The writer of this passage wouldprobably favor no billboards along theroad.4. The writer feels long bus rides arelike TV shows because they both havea beginning , a middle , and an end,with commercials in between.5. The writer thinks that the end of theride is somewhat like the beginningbecause both are exciting.第七篇Modern Sun W orshippers现代日光浴崇拜者1. The writer seems to imply thatEuropeans travel mostly for the reasonthat they wish to escape from the cold,dark and rainy days back at home.2. In paragraph 2, cities likeLondon, Copenhagen, and Amsterdamare mentioned to show that they are notgood cities in terms of geography andclimate.3. According to the passage, whichof the following countries attracts moretourists than the others? Spain.4. The latter half of the lastsentence in paragraph 3, i.e., "or onetourist for every person living inSpain" means every year almost asmany tourists visit Spain as there arepeople living in that country.5. According to the passage, whichof the following factors might spoil thetourists' fun at Mediterranean resortsand beaches? Rainy weather .第八篇The Changing Middle Class变化中的中产阶级1. The information in this passagedeals with a social and economicgroup.2. A common middle class value is thatthe family is very important.3. ln the years after World War II，themiddle class could be defined asprosperous and optimistic.4. The phrase “In other words" in thefirst paragraph means that thefollowing statement is a restatement ofthe previous idea.5. The word collectively means as agroup.第九篇Single-parent Kids DoBest 单亲幼儿最出色1. With which of the followingstatements would the author probablyagree? Two-parent families produceless attractive children.2. According to the passage, inwhat way does family conflict affectthe quality of the offspring? The youngmales get less care.3. What is the relationship betweenparagraph 4 and paragraph 5?Experiment and result.4. According to Hartley, which ofthe following is NOT influenced bysexual conflict? The offspring's bodysize.5. According to the passage, peoplebelieve that a female's reproductivestrategy is influenced by ecologicalfactors.第十篇A Letter from Alan 艾伦的来信1. Why has Alan written this letter? To inform other people about the builders' plans.2. Why is Parson's Place particularly important，in Alan's opinion? Because it is a place near the town where people can enjoy nature.3. What will cause traffic jams? A building on Parson's Place.4. Alan says that ordinary people who live in the town will probably soon have less money5. Which of these posters has Alan made? SAY NO TO HOUSES ON PARSON' S PLACE第十一篇The Development of Ballet 芭蕾舞的发展1. This passage deals mainly with the way ballet developed2. An important influence in early ballet was Louis XIV3. Y ou can conclude from this passage that ballet will continue to change as new people and ideas influence it4. The information in this passage is presented in chronological order5. The word pageants means elaborate shows第十二篇Smuggling 走私1. The dog was different from others in that it had a very big abdomen.2. How many methods are used to transport drugs? As many as a smuggler can think of.3. How many pounds of heroin were estimated to be smuggled into the United States in 1994? 25,770.4. Which of the following could best replace the expression "small fry" in the third paragraph? Small smugglers.5. What is this article about? V aried drug transportation methods. 第十三篇The Barbie Dolls 芭比娃娃1. When Ruth and Elliot Handlerwere young, they had a strong desire tobe highly successful.2. Who owned MATTEL? HaroldMattson, Ruth and Elliot Handler.3. It can be inferred from thesecond paragraph that Lilli wasfashioned after Build.4. Where did Ruth Handler'sinspiration for the design of the Barbiedoll come from? Lilli.5. Which of the followingstatements is NOT true of the Barbiedoll? She does not attract young men.第十四篇Sleep 睡眠1. The question raised in Paragraph1 is “no mere academic one"becauseshift work in industry requires peopleto change their sleeping habits.2. According to the passage, themain problem about night work is thatyour life is disturbed by changing fromday to night routines and back.3. According to the passage, thebest solution to the problem seems tobe to employ people who will alwayswork at night.4. In the second paragraph, "thethird"means the third week.5. In the last sentence of the secondparagraph, "another" means anotherroutine.第十五篇Orbital Space Plane轨道航天飞机1. The orbital space craft has beendesigned for carrying astronauts to theInternational Space Station.2. From the passage we know thatthe design of the orbiter indicatesNASA's determination to continue itsspace exploration projects.3. When did the scientists startworking on a successor to the shuttle?Y ears before the explosion ofColumbia.4. Besides the main missionsstipulated by NASA, the orbiter wouldalso be used as a space ambulance.5. According to the passage, thefunds, if granted, would be equallyshared by the two projects under SpaceLaunch Initiative.第十六篇The Sahara 撒哈拉沙漠1. This passage is mostly about lifein the Sahara.2. Rainfall in most of the Sahara isless than five inches per year3. The Sahara can be described as aplace of contrasts4. The phrase "an area roughly thesize of the United States" gives anindication of the size of the Sahara5. In this passage caravan meansgroup traveling together throughdifficult country。

2013年职称英语(综合类)B级阅读理解33篇

他们都有开始，中间结尾，并且每隔三四分钟插播广告。
5、exciting.
令人激动。
第七篇
问题
答案
1、The writer seems to imply that Europeans travel mostly for the reason that
作者看来要暗示欧洲人旅游的主要原因是_______
2、In paragraph 2, cities like London, Copenhagen, and Amsterdam are mentioned
在二战以后的几年内，中产阶级可以被定义为______
4、The phrase “In other words” in the first paragraph means that the following statement is______.
第一段中的短语“in other words”意味着接下来的陈述是_______。
第一篇
问题
答案
1、This passage is mostly about________.
这篇文章主要是关于______
2、Helen Keller wrote________.
海伦﹒凯勒写了_____
3、Autobiography writers are not always objective because they________.
5、The word collectively means________.
第四段的主要内容是什么？.
1、swam away
鲨鱼自己游走了
2、often let humans escape
常常让人类逃脱
3、are.
是
4、great whites'

2013年职称英语考试综合类阅读理解

a letter from alanI have learnt of a plan to…..1)to inform 2)because it isa place 3)a building4)have 5)say noa tale of Scottish rural lifeLewis Grassic Gibbon’s….1)the lives of rural Scottish farmers 2)she married only once 3)the history of kinraddie 4)the Germans 5)the end of traditional life Americans get touchy The new york times…1)nearly 2)embrace 3)diseases could be transmitted more easily through the extra-long body contact 4)in some countries,it’s usual for men to kiss each other on the cheek 5)positiveCan Buildings be designed to resist terrorist attackIn the aftermath of the…1)that was never thought of before the terrorist attack 2)was to find out why some buildings could survive the blasts 3)was part of the building close to the world trade center 4)some floor framing systems demonstrate resistance to explosion 5)blast engineering emerges as a new branch of scienceclone farmFactory farming could soon enter a…..1)cloned 2)the 3)chickens could grow 4)origen has 5)farmers can Defending the theory of evolution still seems neededJudith s.weis ,a bilolgy….1)school boards oppose AIBS’seffort to defend the theory of evolution 2)darwin’s theory is denied as the central theory of biology 3)more than 80 societies and 250,000members 4)is fundamental to the development of modern genetics,molecular bilogyand genomics 5)beause theterm creationism is toodirecteiffel is an eyefulSome 300 meters up…1)tourists of 2)visitorsprefer 3)he climbed4)conducting 5)visitorscan imagineeat to liveA meager diet may….1)we have to begin dietingfrom childhood 2)toillustrate the effect ofmeager food on mice3)they are more likely tosuffer from inflammation4)the mice that starteddieting in old age 5)dietingis not a good method togive us health and a longlifefinding enlightenment inScotlandIn 1740’s…1)the ideas proposed bysome famous thinkers andintellectuals 2)to find waysto improve human societyas a whole 3)the prosperityof all nations 4)it is stillalive in a broad sense5)the radiation of Scottishhigher educationfeast on turkey and goodwishes at thanksgivingFour weeks ago US……1)ghosts 2)onthanksgiving 3)providingthem with 4)they can stay5)1620find yourself packing iton?blame friendsObesity can spread from…1)their friends 2)peoplewere not likely to loseweight when they haveskinny friends 3)friendsaffected each others’feelings of fatness 4)lifestyle 5)social networks letthe obesity spread rapidlygoal of AmericaneducationEducation is anenormous…1)to give 2)the subjects3)acquisition of the abilityto be 4)the students 5)itsuunderlyingincomeIncome may be national…1)the difference betweennational income an GNP2)the money 3)corporation4)the money not 5)peoplepay taxes somewhatimprotance of servicesThe United States hasmoved…1)services are important2)32.4million service jobs3)most of the fast growthin…low-paying 4)bymoney spent on businessservices as well as onconsumer services 5)theirprices”lucky”lord lucan-aliveor deadOn 8th November 1974lord….1)lord lucan has neverbeen found 2)it was darkand he thought she waslady lucan 3)sinking hisboat 4)thought he mighttalk to the police aboutthem if he was caught5)was really lord lucan inmodern sun worshippersPeople travel for a lot ofreasons.1)they wish to 2)to showthat 3)spain 4)every year5)rainy weathernew us plan for diseasepreventionUrging Americans to….1)they often result inunhealthy lifestyles2)higher survival rate forcancer 3)much less moneyneeded for diseasetreatment 4)promotingdisease prevention5)cancer death ratenarrow escapeWe had left the…1)rocks loosened bymelting ice could bedangerous 2)that climbersabove you might cause itto fall on you 3)rocks arefalling 4)being hit by arock isn’t “pleasant”at all5)the overhanging rockwould protect him fromfalling rocksoutside-the-classroomlearning makes a bingdifferentPutting a bunch ofcollege………1)will not take 2)buildingfriendship 3)she’s a seniorstudent 4)passion 5)polishorbital space planeWhile scientists aresearching the…1)carrying 2)NASA’s3)years 4)a spaceambulance 5)be mainlyoseola mccartyLA TE ONE SUNDAY….1)she gave her life savingsto help others throughuniversity 2)she hadworked hard, saved hardand invested carefully3)she wanted others tohave the opportunity4)hundreds of people putmoney into the fund 5)ofher generosityolder volcanic eruptionsV olcanoes were more…1)because they killed offlife more easily 2)bycomparing the proportionof life wiped out with thevolume of lava produced3)65 4)the cause of theirextinction has remained acontroversial issue 5)oldervolcanic eruptions weremore destructivepool watchSwimmers can drownin….1)artificial intelligence 2)itcan distinguish between aswimmer and a shadow3)it alerts the lifeguard4)he runs 5)ratedpop music in AfricaY oung musicians in…..1)more serious than mostpop music 2)both familiarand different 3)write aboutserious problems 4)studiedmusic in Boston 5)she hashad a difficult life herselfshark attackCraig rogers was sitting onhis surfboard……1)bit his surfboard 2)oftenlet 3)are 4)great whites’5)we now kownsingle-parent kids dobestSingle mums are betterat……1)two-parent familiesproduce less 2)the youngmales 3)experiment 4)the offspring’s 5)the quality sumugglingIt is not unusual for……1)it had a very 2)as many as 3)25770 4)small smugglers 5)varied drug sleepWe all know that the normal1)because shift 2)your 3)to employ 4)the third week 5)another routine spacing in animals Flight distance Any observant….1)distance between an2)begin to attack3)psychological 4)strip 5)social distance is sometimessome things we know about languageMany things about language…..1)any 2)complicated 3)just as sophisticated 4)some 5)vocabularyseeing the world centuries agoIf you enjoy looking through…1)where three early travel2)throughout the muslim world 3)they told of strange and exotic locales4)chronological order5)give proof ofsaunaCeremonial bathing…1)has various forms2)saunas with smoke3)curing asthma 4)pores are cleaned by sweat 5)all of the aboveT elling T ales about PeopleOne of the most common types of nonfiction,and one…….1)the characteristics 2)an autobiography 3)want to present 4)defining it 5)varied or differentTV shows and long bus tripsLong bus rides are like……1)Advertiesments 2)to talk 3)no billboards 4)they both have 5)excitingthe travels of Ibn battuta“I left tangier,mubirthplace…….the adventures 2)left to3)Ibn battuta had studied4)Ibn battuta should 5)thesultanthe changing middleclassThe united states……1)a social 2)the family3)prosperous 4)arestatement 5)as a groupthe development of balletBallet is a dance form thathas a long history.1)the way 2)louis 3)willcontinue 4)in 5)elaboratethe Barbie dollsIn the mid-1940’s1)to be 2)Harold mattson3)build 4)lilli 5)she doesthe saharaThe name saharaderives….1)life in 2)less than five3)a place of 4)the sahara5)groupthe familyThe structure of a familytakes…1)what makes 2)a married3)an anthropology4)pointing 5)readinesstales of the terrible pastIt is not the job offiction…1)two novels 2)in ohio3)the books 4)portrayal5)terriblethe only way is upThink of a modern cityand the first…..1)want to 2)the lack3)most 4)uninteresting5)in a liftthe national park serviceAmerica’s national parksare like….1)because they are alwaysout there 2)they protect thenational park system3)molding the nation 4)itis about the national parkservice 5)the work that hasbeen done by the partnersthe Cherokee nationLong before the white mancame…1)in the southeastern partof the U.S.2)writing downthe spoken language3)force the Cherokees tomove westward 4)all ofthe above 5)they did nothave enough food andclothesto have and have notIt had been boring…1)to have a change ofscene 2)the light comingfrom inside 3)of topquality 4)she seemed toknow him well 5)he sawnothing he really likedthe operation ofinternational airlinesInternational airlines….1)cater to the need ofpassengers sitting at bothends of the jets 2)thetourist industry isexperiencing an all-timelow 3)showing moremovies during the longflights 4)speeding upcustoms procedure 5)theydo not travel on the flightthey have bookedthe beginning ofAmerican literatureAmerican has always…1)the hope to start a newlife 2)long before the year1000 3)about the everydaylife of the nativeAmericans 4)early-dayexperience provided thefoundation for Americanliterature 5)some Britishwriters had greatconfidence in the future ofAmerican literaturewhy so many childrenIn many of the developingcountries…..1)can be an advantage2)the birth rate generallygoes down 3)industrializedcountry with a low birthrate 4)factors other thanthe economy influencebirth rate 5)has tried toimprove the condition ofwomenwomen staying inmini-skirts for longerBritish women are….1)a department store 2)theclimate of great Britain aregetting warmer in recentyears,thus women canwear minis for a longertime 3)most women nolonger wore mini-skirtswhen they reach the age of33 4)from the age of23,skirt length increasesbecause girls are in theirfirst stable relationship5)soar。

2013年职称英语综合类A级新增习题资料整理

2013年职称英语综合A新增阅读理解《Shark Attack!》译文及解析Craig Rogers was sitting on his surfboard, scanning the distance for his next wave，when his board suddenly stopped moving. He looked down and was terrified to see a great white shark biting the front of his board. “I could have touched its eye with my elbow,”says Craig. The shark had surfaced so quietly that he hadn't heard a thing.In his horror and confusion，he waved his arms and accidentally cut two of his fingers on the shark's teeth. He then slid off the opposite side of his surfboard into the water. Then, with Craig in the water and blood flowing from his fingers，the five-meter-long shark simply swam away, disappearing into the water below.Although sharks are often categorized as killers that hunt and eat as many humans as they can, this is factually inaccurate. Sharks very rarely kill humans. A person has a greater chance of being struck by lightning or drowning in a bath than of being killed by a shark. Only 74 people have been reported killed by great whites in the last century. But great white sharks can reach six meters in length and weigh 2,200 kilograms or more. With frightening jaws that can hold up to 3,000 teeth arranged in several rows，they could very easily kill and eat a helpless human in the water. Why is it, then, that most people survive attacks by great whites? Shark researchers are trying to comprehend the reasons that allow people to escape without being eaten.The most common explanation is that great whites don't see well. It has been thought that they mistake people for the seals or sea lions which make up a large part of their diet. There is reason to doubt this，however. Recent information shows that great whites can actually see very well. Also，when attacking seals, great whites shoot up to the surface and bite with great force. When approaching humans, however, they most often move in slowly and bite less hard. They soon discover that humans are not a high —fat meal. “They spit us out because we're too bony,”says Aidan Martin，director of Reef Quest Center for Shark Research.Shark researchers like Martin hypothesize that great whites are actually curious animals that like to investigate things. It's possible that they use their bite not only to kill and eat, but also to gather information. Although such an experience is unlucky for people like Craig Rogers, when sharks bite surfboards or other objects or people，they are likely just trying to learn what they are.词汇：scan vt审视，细看,浏览elbow n.肘，肘部surface n, 表面，外表；vi.浮出水面，浮现drown vi.淹死，溺死注释：1. ... cut two of his fingers on the shark's teeth.被鲨鱼咬掉了两个指头。

2013年职称英语真题参考答案(综合类C级仅供参考)

2013职称英语考试试卷2013年职称英语综合类真题参考答案(综合类C级仅供参考)2013年职称英语考试落下帷幕，笔者及时整理了2013年职称英语综合类真题试卷及参考答案（C级），由于时间仓促，有不对请指证，相互学习。

预祝大家取得好成绩！2013职称英语综合类C级真题试卷及答案第1部分词汇选项（理工C 卫生C可参考）1. It seems incredible thathe had been there a week already.A rightB obviousC unclearD unbelievable2. We found shelter fromthe rain under the tree.A defenseB protectionC standingD room3. The frame needs to bestrong enough to support the engine.A structure Bbottom C surface D top4. The odd thin g was thathe didn‟t recognize me.A realB wholeC sameD strange5. The performance was prettyimpressive.A completelyB veryC beautifullyD equally6. I tried to detach myselffrom the reality of these terrible events.A bringB separateC putD set7. I have little information asregards her fitness for the post.A atB withC from Dabout8. I grabbed his arm andmade him turn to look at me.A threwB seizedC brokeD stretched9. He was tempted by thehigh salary offered by the company.A taughtB attractedC keptD changed10. This was an unexceptionally brutalattack.A cruelB openC suddenD direct11. “There is no other choice,” shesaid in a harsh voice.A firmB softC deepD unkind12. She came across threechildren sleeping under a bridge.A passed byB took a notice ofC woke upD found by chance13. Traffic reaches its rushhour between 8:00 and 9:00 in the morning.A borderB goalC levelD peak14. We have to chan ge the public‟s perceptionthat money is everything.Asight B belief C interest D pressure15. She gets aggressive whenshe is drunk.Aworried Bsleepy C offensive D anxious第2部分阅读判断16、Boys usually develop bad habits when they are very young.——C. not mentioned17、We can only break bad habits if others tell us to do so.——B. wrong18、Bad habits may resume when we are under pressure. ——A. right19、Researchers were surprised by the answers that the volunteers gave in the first test. ——B. wrong20、The volunteers found the test more difficult when they did it the second time. ——C. not mentioned21、The study suggests that it is more difficult to respond to what we learn first. ——B. wrong22、If we develop bad habits early in life, they are harder to get rid of. ——A. right 第3部分概况大意与完成句子23: Para.1 F: An idea from ancient history24: Para.2 E: A need for change25: Para.3 A: Facing protest from shop owners26: Para.4 C: Increase in sales and customers27: Traffic free shopping streets first developed in Middle Eastern countries.28: In the 1960s, dirty gases from cars made shopping a bad experience.29: Shopkeepers mistakenly believed that car-free streets would keep away customers. 30: The arrival of the traffic free shopping streets made many furniture sellers lose their business.第4部分：阅读理解(第31~45题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。

2013年职称英语真题理工类C阅读类原文及译文

Wide World of RobotsEngineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs.These researchers tinker（修补）with machines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices.“They’re the best toys out there,”says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh.Choset is a robotics, a person who designs,builds or programs robots.When Choset was a kid,he was interested in anything that moved-cars,trains,animals.He put motors on Tinker toy cars to make them ter,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.Hoping to continue working on robots,he studied computer science in college.But when he got to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,Choset’s labmates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars:robotic snakes.Some robots can move only forward,backward,left and right.But snakes can twist（扭曲）in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain（地形）.“Snakes are far more interesting than thecars,”Choset concluded.After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots. Choset’s team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward.The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don’t,such as rolling. Choset’s snake robots could crawl（爬行）through the grass, swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well.For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient’s chest,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful.What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati,a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School,to investigate the idea.Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology for surgeries on people.Even after15years of working with his team’s creations,“I still don’t get bored of watching the motion of my robots,”Choset says.译文：机器人的大千世界制作、编程机器人的工程师的工作很吸引人。

2013职称英语阅读理解原文翻译汇总

When Our Eyes Serve Our Stomach 我们的视觉服务于我们的胃口我们的五官不仅仅让我们感知世界；还受大脑活动的影响。

一项新研究发现：比起那些刚刚用过餐的人，饥饿的人能更清晰地看到与食品有关的词。

数十年以来，心理学家已经知道我们的心理活动直接影响到我们的视觉。

例如，贫穷的孩子看到的硬币比实际的要大；饥饿的人看到的食物图片更明亮。

法国的尼斯•索菲亚•安提波利斯大学试图调查这一现象：发生这种情况的时间是在大脑从眼睛接收到视觉信号的即时还是稍后些，这时高级思维活动已经介入了。

雷戴尔招募了健康指数正常的42 位学生作为被试者。

在测试的当天，每个学生被告知在中午到达实验室，这时距上一次的用餐时间有3〜4 个小时。

等他们到达实验室时，他们被告知实验时间有延迟。

一半学生被告知十分钟后再回来;其余的给 1 个小时的时间先吃午饭。

所以一半学生饿着肚子，另一半学生饱腹参加了此次实验。

实验的步骤如下：要求被试者看电脑屏幕。

屏幕上的80 个字以1/300 秒的频率闪动。

由于字体非常之小，被试者只能凭感觉捕捉到字形。

1/4 的字是与食物有关的。

每闪动一个字，被试者回答字体的亮度并选择看到的是哪类词：一类是和食物有关的词，比如“蛋糕”；一类是中性词，比如“船”。

由于每个词的闪动在瞬间完成，被试者根本看不清楚那个词是什么。

饥饿的人看到与食物有关的词更明亮，且能更好地辨认出与食物有关的词。

由于每个词的闪动太快，其实那些被试者根本不会确切地看到什么，这就说明：他们只是感觉不同，根本没经过思考。

雷戴尔给出了这样的解释。

雷戴尔说：“这就是重点所在。

人类可以真正感知到自身的需要或者为之奋斗的目标。

该实验使我了解这样的事实，即我们的大脑是受我们的动机和需要所支配的。

”Musical Robot Companion Enhances Listener Experience音乐机器人伴侣提升音乐欣赏体验Shimi 是由佐治亚理工大学音乐技术中心研发的一款音乐伴侣。

2013年职称英语考试（理工）全部阅读理解答案解析及译文（第6篇改正版）

2013年职称英语考试（理工）全部阅读理解答案解析及译文（第6篇改正版）2013年职称英语考试（理工）全部阅读理解答案解析及译文第1篇Ford Abandons Electric V ehiclesThe Ford motor company‘s abandonment of electric cars effectively signals the end of the road for the technology，analysts say．General Motors。

and Honda‘ceased production of battery．powered cars in 1 999, to focus on fuel cell and hybrid electric gasoline engines, which are more attractive to the consumer．Ford has now announced it will do the same．Three years ago．the company introduced the Think City two—seater car and a golf cart called the THINK, or Think Neighbor．It hoped to sell 5，000 cars each year and 10，000 carts．But a lack of demand means only about l，000 of the cars have been produced，and less than 1。

700 carts have been sold so far in 2002．―The bottom line is we don‘t believe that this is the future of environment transport for the mass market．‖Tim Holmes of Ford Europe said on Friday．―We feel we have given electric our best shot‖The Think City has a range of only about 53 miles and up to a six-hour battery recharge time．General Motors‘EVI electric vehicle also had a limited range。

2013年度全国职称英语等级考试综合类(A级)试题(三)

2013年度全国职称英语等级考试综合类（A级）试题（三）第5部分：补全短文(第46-50题，每题2分，共10分)下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。

Toads are Arthritic and in PainArthritis (关节炎)is an illness that can cause pain and swelling in your bones. Toads (蟾蜍),a big problem in the north of Australia, are suffering from painful arthritis in their legs and backbone, a new study has shown. The toads that jump the fastest are more likely to be larger and to have longer legs. _____________ (46)The large yellow toads, native to South and Central America, were introduced into thenorth-eastern Australian state of Queensland in 1935 in an attempt to stop beetles and other insects from destroying sugarcane crops. Now up to 200 million of the poisonous toads exist in the country, and they are rapidly spreading through the state of Northern Territory at a rate of up to 60 km a year. The toads can now be found across more than one million square kilometres.__________(47) A Venezuelan poison virus was tried in the 1990s but had to be abandoned after it was found to also kill native frog species.The toads have severely affected ecosystems in Australia. Animals, and sometimes pets, that eat the toads die immediately from their poison, and the toads themselves eat anything they can fit inside their mouth. ___________(48)A co-author of the new study, Rick Shine, a professor at the University of Sydney, says that little attention has been given to the problems that toads face. Rick and his colleagues studied nearly 500 toads from Queensland and the Northern Territory and found that those in the latter state were very different. They were active, sprinting down roads and breeding quickly.According to the results of the study, the fastest toads travel nearly one kilometre a night___________(49) But speed and strength come at a price-arthritis of the legs and backbone due to constant pressure placed on them.In laboratory tests, the researchers found that after about 15 minutes of hopping, arthritic toads would travel less distance with each hop (跳跃).__________(50) These toads are so programmed to move, apparently, that even when in pain the toads travelled as fast and as far as the healthy ones, continuing their constant march across the landscape.A. Furthermore, they soon take over the natural habitats of Australia's native species.B. Toads are not built to be road runners — they are built to sit around ponds and wet areas.C. But this advantage also has a big drawback — up to 10% of the biggest toads suffer fromarthritis.D. But arthritis didn’t slow down toads outside the laboratory, the researchers found.E. The task now facing the country is how to remove the toads.F. Toads with longer legs move faster and travel longer distances，while the others are being leftbehind.第6部分：完形填空（第51-65题，每题1分，共15分）下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。

2013年职称英语考试综合BC级阅读理解

阅读理解第一篇 Telling Tales about People 1 A) the characteristics of autobiographies,memoirs,and biographies 2 B) an autobiography 3 C) want to present themselves in a good light 4 A) defining it 5 C) varied or different 第二篇 Outside-the-classroom Learning Makes a Big Difference 1 D) will not take an interest in it. 2 C) building friendship. 3 B) She's a senior student. 4 A) Passion. 5 C) polish. 第三篇 Milosevic’s Dea th 1 B) In prison. 2 D) He was extremely ambitious. 3 B) his parents. 4 C) t o remove the Serbians’ fears that they were discriminated against. 5 A) Yugoslavia broke up. 第四篇Feast on Turkey and Good Wishes at Thanksgiving 1 A) Ghosts 2 C) On Thanksigiving 3 B) providing them with comfortable and happy lives. 4 A) they can stay with their parents at home and eat a lot of nice food. 5 A) 1621 第五篇 Sino —Japan Animosity Lessens 1 C) the survey found that people in both china and japan generally agree that the relationship between the two countries is important. 2 B) aims at promoting communication between the two contries. 3 D) 30.2;43.2. 4 B) trade frictions. 5 C) an overwhelming majority of the respondents from each country believed that the civil exchanges were an important way to improve relations. 第六篇 TV Shows and Long Bus Trips 1 C) advertisements on billboards 2 A) to talk about the similarities between long bus trips and TV shows 3 D) no billboards along the road 4 B) They both have a beginning, a middle, and an end, with commercials in between. 5 A) Exciting 第七篇 Modern Sun Worshippers 1 D) they wish to escape from the cold, dark and rainy days back at home. 2 A) to show that they are not good cities in terms of geography and climate. 3 B) Spain 4 B) every year almost as many tourists visit Spain as there are people living in that country. 5 D) Rainy weather. 第八篇 The Changing Middle Class 1 B) a social and economic group 2 D) the family is very important 3 C) prosperous and optimistic 4 C) a restatement of the previous idea 5 A) as a group 第九篇 Single-parent Kids Do Best 1 C) two-parent families produce less attractive children 2 A) the young males get less care 3 B) experiment and result 4 D) the offspring ’s body size 5 C) ecological factors 第十篇 A Letter from Alan 1 D) To inform other people about the builders ’plans 2 C) Because it is a place near the town where people can enjoy nature 3 A) A building on Parson ’s Place 4 D) have less money 5 B) SAY NO TO HOUSES ON PARSON ’S PLACE 第十一篇 The Development of Ballet 1 C) the way ballet developed 2 D) Louis XIV 3 B) Will continue to change as new people and ideas influence it 4 D) in chronological order 5 D) elaborate shows 第十二篇 Smuggling 1 D) it had a very big abdomen 2 A) As many as a smuggler can think of. 3 C) 25,770 4 C) Small smugglers 5 C) Varied drug transportation methods 第十三篇 The Barbie Dolls 1 D) to be highly successful. 2 D) Harold Mattson, Ruth and Ellion Handler. 3 A) Build. 4 B) Lilli. 5 A) She does not attract young men. 第十四篇 Sleep 1． D ）because shift work in industry requires people to change their sleeping habits. 2． B ）your life is disturbed by changing from day to night routines and back. 3． C ）to employ people who will always work at night. 4． A ）the third week. 5． A ）another routine. 第十五篇 Oribital Space Plane1 B) carrying astronauts to the International Space Station.2 A) NASA ’s determination to continue its space exploration projects.3 C) Years before the explosion of Columbia.4 D) a space ambulance.5 B) be equally shared by the two projects under Space Launch Initiative. 第十六篇 The Sahara 1 A) life in the Sahara 2 A) less than five inches per year 3 A) a place of contrasts 4 C) the Sahara 5 B) group traveling together through difficult country 第十七篇 Eiffel Is an Eyeful 1 B) Tourists of all nationalities come to scribble on the cold iron of the tower 2 A) Visitors prefer wasting time scribbling to enjoying the view 3 C) He climbed 747 steps up the tower in 19 minutes and 4 seconds4 B) Conducting research in various fields.5 C) Visitors can imagine freely what the tower represents.第十八篇 Goal of American Education 1 C) To give every student the opportunity to fully develop his/her ability. 2 D) the subject every student takes may vary.3 C) acquisition of the ability to be creative.4 C) the students from foreign countries.5 D) Its underlying goal to develop every child ’s abilities to the fullest extent. 第十九篇 The Family1 A) What Makes a Family?2 A) a married couple with their minor children3 A) an anthropology textbook4 C) point out similarities5 B) readiness to move 第二十篇 Tales of the Terrible Past 1 D) two novels that deal with slavery 2 C) in Ohio after the Civil War 3 B) the books are worthwhile but challenging 4 D) portrayal of violence 5 A) terrible 第二十一篇 Spacing in Animals 1 C) Distance between an animal and its enemy before fleeing. 2 A) begin to attack. 3 B) psychological distance. 4 A) strip of land. 5 D) social distance is sometimes determined by outside factors. 第二十二篇Some Things We Know about Language 1 C) any human race, whether backward or not, has a language. 2 A) complicated. 3 B) just as sophisticated as some well-known languages. 4 D) Some languages are better than other languages.5 C) Vocabulary第二十三篇 The Only Way Is Up1.C) want to maintain their traditional image.2.B) the lack of a device to carry people upward.3.D) most people had doubt about its safety.4.B) Uninteresting.5.D) in a lift the bubble of personal space breaks.第二十四篇 Clone Farm1 C) Cloned chickens are bulk-produced with the same growth rate, weight and taste.2 A)The US's national Institute of Science and Technology.3 D)chickens could grow to the same weight but with less feed.4 C) Origen has joined hands with Embrex in producing cell-injecting machine5 A)farmers can order certain strains of chicken only 第二十五篇 Income1 B) the difference between national income and personal income.2 D) The money that goes for capital consumption is not regarded as income.3 A) corporation profits4 B) the money not earned but received.5 D) people pay taxes somewhat unwillingly.第二十六篇 Seeing the World Centuries Ago1 C) where three early travel writers went and wrote about2 C) throughout the Muslim world3 B) they told of strange and exotic locales4 A) chronological order5 D) give proof of第二十七篇 Importance of Services1 B) services are important2 A) 32.4 million service jobs.3 B) most of the fast growth in the service sector is in low — paying jobs.4 C) by money spent on business services as well as on consumer services5 C) Their prices.第二十八篇 The National Park Service1 A) Because they are always out there.2 D) They protect the National Park System.3 B) molding the Nation.4 B) It is about the National Park Service.5 C) The work that has been done by the partners. 第二十九篇Find Yourself Packing It On? Blame Friends1.A) their friends2.C) People were not likely to lose weight when they have skinny friends.3.D) Friends affected each others’ feelings of fatness4.C) life style5.A) social networks let the obesity spread rapidly 第三十篇“Lucky”Lord Lucan –Alive or Dead1 C) Lord Lucan has never been found2 C) it was dark and he thought she was Lady Lucan3 D) sinking his boat4 B) thought he might talk to the police about them if he was caught5 C) was really Lord Lucan in disguise第三十一篇 Pool Watch1D) artificial intelligence.2C) It can distinguish between a swimmer and a shadow 3B) It alerts the lifeguard.4A) He runs.5B) “rated”.第三十二篇 The Cherokee Nation1 B）In the southeastern part of the US.2 A）writing down the spoken language.3 C）force the Cherokees to move westward.4 D）all of the above5 C）they did not have enough food and clothes第三十三篇 Oseola McCarty1 C) she gave her life savings to help others through university2 B) she had worked hard ,saved hard and invested carefully3 C) she wanted others to have the opportunity to escape a hard life4 C) hundreds of people put money into the fund5 A) of her generosity。

2013职称英语理工类阅读理解原文答案译文之09

Egypt Felled by FamineEven ancient Egypts mighty pyramid builders were powerless in the face of the famine that helped bring down their civilian around 2180BC. Now evidence gleaned from mud deposited by the River Nile suggests that a shift in climate thousands of kilometers to the south was ultimately to blem -- and the same or worse could happen today.The ancient Egyptians depended on the Niles annual floods to irrigate their crops. But any change in climate that pushed the African monsoons southwards out of Ethiopia would have diminished these floods.Dwindling rains in the Ethiopian highlands would have meant fewer plants to establish the soil. When rain did fall it would have washed large amounts of soil into the Blue Nile and into Egypt, along with sediment from the White Nile.The Blue Nile mud has a different isotope signature from that of the White Nile. So by analyzing isotope differences in mud deposited in the Nile Delta, Michael Krom of leeds University worked out what proportion of sediment came from each branch of the river.Krom reasons that during periods of drought, the amount of the Blue Nile mud in the river would be relatively high. He found that one of these periods, from 4,500 to 4,200 years ago, immediately predates the fall of the Egypts Old Kingdom.The weakened waters would have been catastrophic for the Egyptians. Changes that affect food supply dont have to be very large to have a ripple effect in societies, says Bill Ryan of the Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory in New York.Similar events today could be even more devastating, says team member Daniel Stanley, a geoarchaeologist from the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C.. Anything humans do to shift the climate belts would have an even worse effect along the Nile system because the populations have increased dramatically.1. Why does the author mention pyramid builders?A. because they once worked miracles.B. because they were well-builtC. because they were actually very weakD. because even they were unable to rescue their civilization2. Which of the following factors was ultimately responsible for the fall of the civilization of ancient Egypt?A. Change of climateB. famineC. foodD. population growth3. Which of the following statements is true?A. The White Nile is the trunk of the River NileB. The White Nile is the trunk of the Blue BileC. The White Nile a branch of the Blue NileD. The White Nile and the Blue Nile are branches of the River Nile4. According to Krom, Egypts Old Kingdom fellA. immediately after a period of droughtB. immediately after a period of floodC. just before a drought struckD. just before a flood struck5. The word devastating in the last paragraph could be best replaced byA. frustratingB. damagingC. defeatingD. worrying答案解释:24. Why does the author mention “ pyramid builders” ?A. Because they once worked miracles.B. Because they were well-built.C. Because they were actually very weak.D. Because even they were unable to rescue their civilisation.正确的答案是: D答案解释:这道题问的是：作者为什么提及“建筑金字塔的人”?文章开头有这么一句话，中文意思是：即使古埃及伟大的金字塔建筑者面对那场在公元前2180年促使他们的文明毁灭的饥荒也无能为力。

2013年职称英语真题及答案解析综合类A级

2013年职称英语真题及答案解析综合类A级第1部分：词汇选项(第1~15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有括号，请为每处括号部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1. the rules are too (rigid) to allow for human error.a. inflexibleb. generalc. complexd. direct2. this species has nearly (died out) because its habitat is being destroyed.a. turned deadb. passed byc. carried awayd. become extinct3. the contract between the two companies will (expire) soon.a. shortenb. endc. start4. three world-class tennis players came to (content) for this title.a. argueb. claimc. wishd. compete5. the methods of communication used during the war were (primitive).a. simpleb. reliablec. effectived. alternative6. respect for life is a (cardinal) principle of the law.a. moralb. regularc. fundamentald. hard7. the drinking water has became (contaminated) with lead.a. pollutedb. treatedd. corrupted8. come out, or i’ll (bust) the door down.a. shutb. setc. breakd. beat9. she (shed) a few tears at her daughter’s wedding.a. wipedb. injectedc. producedd. removed10. they didn’t seem to appreciate the (magnitude) of the problem.a. existenceb. importancec. caused. situation11. the tower remains (intact) ever after two hundred years.a. unknownc. undamagedd. unstable12. many experts remain (skeptical) about his claims.a. doubtfulb. untouchedc. certaind. silent13. the proposal was (endorsed) the majority of members.a. rejectedb. submittedc. consideredd. approved14. rumors began to (circulate) about his financial problems.a. sendb. spreadc. heard. confirm15. the police will need to keep a (wary) eye on this area of town.b. cautiousc. blindd. private答案：1——15 adbda caccb cadbb第2部分：阅读判断(第16~22题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断;如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择a;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择b;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择c。

2013职称英语综合A新增阅读理解全文翻译总会

2013年职称英语综合类阅读理解新增目录及全文翻译1.第一篇：Telling Tales about People讲述关于人们的故事2.第二篇：Outside-the –classroom Learning Makes a Big Difference课处学习带来很大不同3.第三篇：Milosevic‘s Death 米洛舍维奇之死4.第四篇：Feast on Turkey and Good Wishes at Thanksgiving 火鸡盛宴和感恩节的祝福5.第五篇：Sino-Japan Animosity Lessens 中日敌意减少6.第六篇：TV Shows and Long Bus Trips看电视与长途汽车旅行7.第七篇：Modern Sun Worshippers现代日光浴崇拜者8.第八篇：The Changing Middle Class变化中的中产阶级9.第九篇：Single-parent Kids Do Best单亲幼儿最出色10.第十篇：A Letter from Alan艾伦的来信11.第十一篇：The Development of Ballet芭蕾舞的发展12.第十二篇：Smuggling走私13.第十三篇：The Barbie Dolls芭比娃娃14.第十四篇：Sleep睡眠15.第十五篇：Orbital Space Plane轨道航天飞机16.第十六篇：The Sahara 撒哈拉沙漠17.*第十七篇：Eiffel Is an Eyeful引人注目的埃菲尔铁塔18.*第十八篇：Goal of American Education美国教育的目标19.*第十九篇：The Family家庭20.*第二十篇：Tales of the Terrible Past讲述可怕的过去21.*第二十一篇：Spacing in Animals动物的空间距离22.*第二十二篇：Some Things We Know about Language我们知道的关于语言的一些事情23.*第二十三篇：The Only Way Is Up只好向上24.*第二十四篇：Clone Farm克隆农场25.*第二十五篇：Income收入26.*第二十六篇：Seeing the World Centuries Ago看许久以前的世界27.*第二十七篇：Importance of Services服务业的重要性28.*第二十八篇：The National Park Service国家公园的服务机构29.*第二十九篇：Find Yourself Packing It On? Blame Friends发现自己变胖了？这得责怪朋友们30.*第三十篇："Lucky" Lord Lucan - Alive or Dead“幸运的”鲁肯伯爵一是死是活31.第三十一篇：Pool Watch泳池监护32.第三十二篇：The Cherokee Nation彻罗基部落33.*第三十三篇：Oseola McCarty老妇人Oseola McCarty34.+第三十四篇：To Have and Have Not逃亡35.+第三十五篇：Going Her Own Way选择她自己的路36.+第三十六篇：A Tale of Scottish Rural Life一个关于苏格兰乡村生活的故事37.+第三十七篇：Pop Music in Africa非洲的流行音乐38.+第三十八篇：Why So Many Children为什么有这么多的孩子39.+第三十九篇：Eat to Live为了活着吃饭40.+第四十篇：Narrow Escape美国疾病预防新政策41.第四十一篇：The Operation of International Airlines国际航空公司的经营42. 第四十二篇：Sauna桑拿浴43. 第四十三篇：Can Buildings Be Designed to Resist Terrorist Attack建筑设计能使建筑抵御恐怖袭击吗44. 第四十四篇：Americans Get Touchy越来越爱肢体接触的美国人45. 第四十五篇：Women Staying in Mini-Skirts for Longer女性穿超短裙时间更长46. 第四十六篇：Defending the Theory of Evolution Still Seems Needed捍卫进化论仍必要47.+第四十七篇：Narrow Escape九死一生48.第四十八篇：Finding Enlightenment in Scotland苏格兰启蒙运动49.第四十九篇：The Beginning of American Literature美国文学的开端50.第五十篇：Older Volcanic Eruptions远古火山喷发第一篇Telling Tales about People讲述关于人们的故事最普遍的非小说类文学作品类型之一，就是一些描述人们生活的故事，并且很多人喜欢阅读这类作品。

2013年职称英语教材综合类阅读理解英文及译文

2013年职称英语教材综合类阅读理解英文及译文（三）阅读理解1.第三篇：Shark Attack ！2.第五篇：The Travels of Ibn Battuta12年新增的篇目：第1、8、10、11、16、19、20、26、30、33、34、35、37、38、47篇13年新增的篇目：第3、5篇。

2013年职称英语(综合类)C级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2013年职称英语（综合类）C级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 词汇选项 2. 阅读判断 3. 概括大意与完成句子 4. 阅读理解 5. 补全短文6. 完形填空词汇选项(第1-15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。

1．This was an unexceptionally brutal attack.A．openB．suddenC．cruelD．direct正确答案：C解析：题意：这无疑是一次残忍的攻击。

划线词为形容词，意为“残忍的，野蛮的”。

A项意为“公开的，敞开的”，例：Banks closed on Friday afternoon and did not open again untilMonday morning．银行星期五下午关门，直到星期一上午才营业。

B项意为“突然的意外的”，例：He was zonked by the sudden accident．他被这场意外的事故惊呆了。

C项意为“残酷的，残忍的”，例：The cruel woman abandoned her child．那个狠心的女人遗弃了自己的孩子。

D项意为“直接的”，例：The event constitutes a direct threat to her．这个事件对她构成了直接的威胁。

故选C。

2．The frame needs to be strong enough to support the engine.A．bottomB．surfaceC．topD．structure正确答案：D解析：题意：这个框架要足够结实以便支撑引擎。

划线词为名词，意为“框架，结构”。

A项意为“底部”，例：He had worked in the theatre for many years，starting at the bottom．他从最基础的做起，已经从事戏剧工作很多年了。

2013职称英语理工类阅读理解原文答案译文之08

Eiffel Is an EyefulSome2 300 meters up, near the Eiffel Tower's wind-whipped summit the world comes to scribble3. Japanese,Brazilians, Americans — they graffiti4 their names,loves and politics on the cold iron —transforming the most French of monuments into symbol of a world on the move5.With Paris laid out in miniature6 below，it seems strange that visitors would rather waste time marking their presence than admiring the view7. But the graffiti also raises a question ：Why, nearly 114 years after it was completed,and decades after it ceased to be the world, s tallest structure,is la Tour Eiffel still so popular8?The reasons are as complex as the iron work that graces9 a structure some 90 stories high. But part of the answer is, no doubt, its agelessness. Regularly maintained, it should never rust away. Graffiti is regularly painted over,but the tower lives on."Eiffel represents Paris and Paris is France. It is very symbolic”，says Hugues Richard10,a 31- year-old Frenchman who holds the record for cycling up to the tower's second floor 一747 steps in 19 minutes and 4 seconds, without touching the floor with his feet. "It's iron lady，It inspires us11 ”，he says.But to what12? A fter all,the tower doesn' t have a purpose. It ceased to be the world’ s tallest in 1930 when the Chrysler Building13 went up in New York. Yes，television and radio signals are beamed from the top,and Gustave Eiffel,a frenetic builder who died on December 27，aged 91 ,used its height for conducting research into weather, aerodynamics and radio communication. But in essence the tower inspires simply by being there _ a blank canvas for visitors to make of it what they will14. To the technically minded15, it's an engineering triumph. For lovers, it's romantic."The tower will outlast all of us,and by a long way16”，says Isabelle Esnous, whose company manages Eiffel Tower.词汇：Eiffel /'aifel/ Tower (法国巴黎的)埃菲尔铁塔eyeful /'aiful/ n.引人注目的景象scribble /'skribl/ v.乱涂，乱画graffiti /grs'fizti：/ n•涂写,涂画iron work 铁制品；铁工agelessness /'eid3lisnis/ n.永恒，永不过日寸rust /rASt/ v.生锈（rust away 锈烂掉）frenetic /frs'netik/ a办极度激动的tinker /'tiqko/ n.白铁匠，能做各种小修小补的人aerodynamics /leorsudai'naemiks/ n•空气动力学注释：Eiffel Is an Eyefiil:引人注目的埃菲尔铁塔。