2018年北京市西城区高三二模英语试题-(word版)

市西城区2018年高三模拟测试
英语
2018.5
本试卷共9页，共120分。

考试时长100分钟。

考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）
第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）
从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

例：It’s so nice to hear from her again. _____, we last met more than th irty years ago.
A．What’s moreB．That’s to say
C．In other wordsD．Believe it or not
答案是D。

1. —T ed’s flight from Amsterdam took more than 11 hours. He _____ be very tired after such a
long trip.
—Yes, especially after workingall night before the flight.
A. must
B. need
C. might
D. dare
【答案】A【翻译】----泰德的飞机从阿姆斯特丹起飞,飞了11个多小时。

这么长时间的路途,他一定特别累。

---是的,尤其是在起飞之前工作了一整晚。

【解析】此题考查情态动词;must一定;必定,表示有证据的推测; need必须;需要; might也许,表示不确定的推测;dare意思是敢。

故正确答案是A。

2. _____ there is still a long way to go, we believe that the doctor-patient relationship in China is
gradually improving.
A. Because
B. Unless
C. Although
D. Once
【答案】C【翻译】虽然仍有很长的路要走,但是我们相信,在中国,医患之间的关系正逐步提升。

【解析】此题考查状语从句中的让步状语从句;空格所在句为从句, 根据句意,从句是主句的让步状语从句, although表示虽然、尽管；because表示因为; unless表示除非；once表示一旦；故正确答案是C。

3. A new engineer was appointed to deal with the products _____ by customers.
A. returning
B. returned
C. to return
D. return
【答案】B【翻译】一位新的工程师被任命去处理被消费者退回的产品。

【解析】此题考查非谓语;逻辑主语为产品,与 return之间是被动关系,故正确答案是B。

4. Astronomers have discovered that three planets have sizes and temperatures similar to _____ of
Earth.
A. them
B. these
C. those
D. ones
【答案】C【翻译】天文学家发现了三颗在大小和气温上跟地球类似的星球。

【解析】此题考查代词;空格位置缺失的是 the size and temperature,the加多个名词相当于代词 those。

故正确答案是C。

5. —Honey, shall we adopt a dog?
—Adopting a pet depends on _____ we have the ability to care for it. Actually, we are so busy.
A. that
B. whether
C. which
D. what
【答案】B【翻译】---亲爱的,我们养条狗吧?
---养狗取决于我们是否有能力照顾好它,实际上,我们很忙。

【解析】此题考查名词性从句;主句不完整,从句虽完整,但缺少意思“是否”。

故正确答案是B。

6. _____ your strengths and weaknesses will help you achieve your dreams.
A. Known
B. Know
C. Knowing
D. Being known
【答案】C【翻译】了解你的长处和短处会帮助你取得成功。

【解析】此题考查非谓语;空格所在成分做了主语,能够作主语的非谓语形式是todo和 doing以与它们的被动形式。

故正确答案是C。

7. —Mom, is Dad coming to pick us up?
—Yes, I am sure he _____ on the platform when we pull into the station.
A. stands
B. stood
C. has stood
D. will be standing
【答案】D【翻译】----妈妈,爸爸会来接我们吗?
----是的,我确定当我们进站的时候,他会站在站台上。

【解析】此题考查时态;通过时间状语从句 when we pull into the station,反观谓语动词是现在时,主将从现,主句要用将来。

故正确答案是D。

8. With a science project _____, Kevin spent his entire weekend in the library.
A. to complete
B. having completed
C. completing
D. completed
【答案】A【翻译】因为有个科学项目要完成,所以凯文整个星期都待在图书里。

【解析】此题考查非谓语;逻辑主语是凯文,和 complete动作之间的关系是主动的,花费了一整个星期是要去完成这个项目的,表目的。

故正确答案是A。

9. The moment _____ I learned the results of the competition was one of the happiest times in my
life.
A. which
B. when
C. where
D. why
【答案】B【翻译】我得知比赛结果的那刻是我生命中最开心的时刻之一。

【解析】此题考查定语从句;主句完整,从句也完整, the moment表时间。

故正确答案是B。

10. Last year, every employee in our company _____ a physical examination free of charge.
A. offered
B. was offered
C. has offered
D. had been offered
【答案】B【翻译】去年,我们公司的每一个雇员都获得了一份免费体检。

【解析】此题考查时态;主语 employee和ofer提供之间是被动关系。

时间状语是去年,为过去的时间。

故正确答案是B。

11. —It’s so convenient to use cell phones to pay the subway fare.
—Yes. _____ thought of the idea is really brilliant.
A.Wherever
B. Whenever
C. Whatever
D. Whoever
【答案】D【翻译】---用手机去支付地铁费用很方便。

---是的,不论是谁想出的这个主意真的是太赞了。

【解析】此题考查名词性从句;本题主句缺失主语,从句也缺失了主语。

想出主意的应该是“人”,所以空格处应该填的是 whoever, 故正确答案是D。

12. Upon arriving home, Lily found that her husband _____ a beautiful candlelight dinner.
A. had prepared
B. is preparing
C. has prepared
D. would prepare
【答案】A【翻译】回到家,莉莉就发现她老公准备了美丽的烛光晚餐。

【解析】此题考查时态;根据主句已知的谓语动词found可以判断出时间为过去时。

当莉莉发现的时候,烛光晚餐已经准备好了,所以prepare发生在found之前,过去的过去,用过去完成时。

故正确答案是A。

13. When _____, the new bridge will reduce travel time between the two cities from twohours to
thirty minutes.
A. built
B. building
C. build
D. to build
【答案】A【翻译】当新桥建好,就会将两个城市之间的行程时间从2个小时减少到30分钟。

【解析】此题考查非谓语;逻辑主语是the new bridge,与buid动作之间是被动关系,故正确答案是A。

14. If it had not been for the kind guide, we _____our way in the mountains.
A. would lose
B. had lost
C. would have lost
D. lost
【答案】C【翻译】要不是这个好心的向导,我们就会在山里迷路。

【解析】此题考查虚拟语气;空格挖在主句里,“要不是这个好心的向导,我们就会在山里迷路”从句意表达来看表示对过去情况的假设,故正确答案是C。

15. —By the time we _____ to the movie theater, the tickets may be sold out.
—Don’t worry. I told Jane we might be late and she will buy our tickets.
A. got
B. had got
C. will get
D. get
【答案】D【翻译】---等我们到了电影院,票也许就卖光了。

---不要担心。

我告诉过简我们]也许会迟到,她会给我们买着票。

【解析】此题考查时态;等我们到达电影院,票也许就卖光了,主句用了情态动词表示将来的意思,主将从现,时间状语从句用现在时间表示将来的意思。

故正确答案是D。

第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Be Cool...Stay in School!
In the eighth grade, I was student-body president of Erwin Middle School in Asheville. I considered this quite a n16s i n c e t h e r e w e r e o v e r1,000s t u d e n t s i n t h e s c h o o l.A t t h e e n d o f the year, I was asked to make a speech at the ceremony where my class was 17 to high school. I knew this had to be more than just the brief comments a student might 18 give.We’re the class of M i l l e n n i u m(千禧年),19I w a n t e d m y s p e e c h t o b e a s s p e c i a l a s w e w e r e.
I spent several nights lying in bed, 20 about what to say. Many things crossed my mind, but none of them 21 all my classmates. Then one night, it 22 me. Erwin High School has the highest 23 rate of any high school in our county. What better goal could we have than for every single one of us to 24 ?
The speech I gave on graduation day was only 12 minutes long, but what it started was 25 .When I announced the challenge to my classmates, the entire audience, including the parentsand teachers, broke into applause. As I showed the personalized certificates and signs each student would get, I could 26 they were really excited. I’d had no idea my challenge would bring this kind of 27 .
Throughout the summer, I worked on developing a program to carry our 28 into high school. I gave speeches to local clubs and groups. I also29 a “Dropout Patrol”, made up of students who would be willing to help and support other students during bad times.
Then word began to 30 about our challenge. I appeared on local television, and calls started coming in from everywhere. Businesses are throwing their 31 behind us. We have banks, furniture stores, restaurants and more where we can get discounts for our entire family when we show our “Dropout Patrol” ID cards.
All this was 32 , because we are just starting a difficult four-year journey, but we have already made a significant 33 . Last year,13 kids dropped out of the freshman class. So far this year, not a single person who signed the commitment has 34 , and the “Dropout Patrol” has become the largest organized group in the school.
The Erwin High “Committed Class of Millennium” would like to encourage your class to start a 35 like ours. Wouldn’t it be great if the entire class of Millennium, nationwide, had a 100 percent graduation rate?
16. A. intensionB. honorC. enjoymentD. advantage
17. A. invitedB. transformed C. promoted D. introduced
18. A. normally B. constantly C. completely D. gradually
19. A. butB. for C. or D. so
20. A. thinking B. arguing C. dreaming D. talking
21. A. controlled B. freed C. involvedD. trained
22. A. trappedB. upset C. moved D. hit
23. A.successB. dropout C. pass D. graduation
24. A. exploreB. leave C. graduate D. develop
25. A. unreliableB. reasonable C. acceptable D. unbelievable
26. A. tell B. admit C. remember D. suggest
27. A. pressureB. behaviorC. response D. respect
28. A. commitment B. researchC. application D. responsibility
29. A. chose B. followed C. foundD. started
30. A. disappear B. spreadC. leakD. come
31. A. congratulationsB. support C. questionsD. doubt
32. A. amazing B. interesting C. relaxingD. convincing
33. A. appointmentB. impression C. decision D. difference
34. A. progressedB. quittedC. cared D. tried
35. A. requirementB. performance C. program D. ceremony
16.【答案】B【解析】此题是名词题;根据空格前后, I was student-body president since there were over 1,000 students in the school. 可知作者是学校学生会的主魔奇学校有100多个学生,可知作者感到非常荣幸所以答案是honor;其余选项含义为: intention(目的;意图), enjoyment(享受), advantage(优势);故正确答案是B。

17.【答案】C【解析】此题是动词题;根据第一段句首可知作者现在是8年级,又由于空格后有to high school,可知我们班是升入高中，所以答案是promoted;其余选项含义为led(邀请), transformed(转换)
ntroduced(介绍);故正确答案是C。

18.【答案】A【解析】此题是副词题;根据| knew this had to be more than just the brief comments以与Were the class of millennium(千禧年)可知,作者认为这不是一次普通的发言,所以答案是normally;其余选项含义为: constantly(不断地), completely(完全地), graduall(逐渐地);故正确答案是A。

19.【答案】D【解析】此题是连词题;根据句空格前后可知,作者认为因为是千禧年,所以想让这次演讲与众不同,所必答案是so;其余选项含义为but (但是),for (原因) ,or (否则);故正确答案是D。

20.【答案】A【解析】此题是动词题;根据| spent several nights lying in bed以与Many things crossed my mind,结合作者躺在床上想这次演讲讲什么内容,所以答案是thinking;其余选项含义为: arguing(争论), dreaming(做梦), talking(讨论);故正确答案是A。

21.【答案】C【解析】此题是动词题;根据句意可知我能想到的演讲内容不能涉与到我们所有的同学,所以答案是involved;其余选项含义为controlled(控制), freed(释放), trained(训练);故正确答案是C。

22.【答案】D【解析】此题是动词题;根据前文作者一直在想演讲的内容,有一天,突然想起来一个好主意,所以答案是hit;其余选项含义为trapped(诱骗;困住), upset(使苦恼;使不适), moved(移动;打动);故正确答案是D。

23.【答案】B【解析】此题是名词题根据第四段作者成立的a" Dropout patrl” made up of students who would be willing tohelp and support other students during bad times作者是因为母校辍学率高而决定帮助学生度过艰难的时期可知作者的学校辍学率很高,所以答案是dropout其余选项含义为: success(成功),pass(通过), graduation(毕业);故正确答案是B。

24【答案】C【解析】此题是动词题;根据上文可知学校辍学率亭以慢成立“Dropout Patrol"可知作者的目标是想帮助每一个学生毕业,所以答案是graduate:其余点含反:6x(探索), leave(离开),develop(发展);故正确答案是C
25.【答案】D【解析】此题是形容词题;此处用来描述演讲的开始,根据下文When I announced the challenge to my classmates, the entireaudience, including the parents and teachers, broke into applause可以推出演讲一开始获得的掌声是超乎作者想象的,也就是“难以置信的,妙不可言的”,所以答案是un believable其余选项含义为reliab|e(不可信的), reasonab|e(合理的), acceptable(可接受的);故正确答案是D。

26.【答案】A【解析】此题是动词题;根据As showed the能的personalizecertificates and signs each,student would get可知当作者展示这些的时侯能够分辨出大家是真的开心,所以答案是tell;其余选项含义为: admit(承认), remember(记得), suggest(建议;表明);故正确答案是A。

27.【答案】C【解析】此题是名词题;根据上文所有的观众都鼓掌可知，此处是大家的回应,所以答案response
余选项含义为: pressure(压力), behavior（行为)，respect（尊重);故正确答案是C。

28.【答案】A【解析】此题是名词题;根据前文When announced thechallenge to my classmates可知作者已经宣布了挑战,给大家许下了承诺,所以答案是commitment;其余选项含义为: research(研究), application(申请;应用), responsibility(责任);故正确答案是A。

29.【答案】D【解析】此题是动词题;根据上下文可知作者开始了“Dropout Patrol”,所以答案是started;其余选项含义为chose (选择), followed(跟随), found(发现)故正确答案是D
30.【答案】B【解析】此题是动词题;根据下文I appeared on local television and calls started coming in from everywhere可知有关我们挑战的报道开始传播,所以答案是spread;其余选项含义为: disappear(消
失),leak(泄漏),come(来);故正确答案是B。

31.【答案】【解析】此题是名词题;根据下文We have banks, furniture stores, restaurants and more where we can get discounts for our entirefamily when we show our "Dropout Patrol" ID cards可知我们得到了很多支持和帮助,所以答案是support;其余选项含义为: congratulations(恭喜), questions(问题), doubt(怀疑);故正确答案是B。

32.【答案】A【解析】此题是形容词题;根据下文because we are just starting a difficult four-year journey, but we have already made a significant….以与下文说今年没有一个学生辍学,可知作者非常地吃惊惊喜。

所以答案是amazing;其余选项含义为: interesting(有兴趣的), relaxing(放松的), convinc|ng(令人相信的;有说服力的)。

故正确答案是A。

33.【答案】D【解析】此题是名词题;根据下文作者把去年辍学学13人和今年没有人辍学进行对比可知取不进步有很大的作用, make a difference意思是有影响，起作用,所以答案是difference;其余选项含义为appointment(约会), impression (印象), decision(决定);故正确答案是D。

34.【答案】B【解析】此题是动词题;根据下文“Dropout Patrol" has become the largest organized group in the school.可知Dropout Patrol成为学校最大的组织,说明这个组织起到了作用,学校今年没有人退学,所以答案是quitted;其余选项含义为: progressed(进步), cared(在乎), tried(试图);故正确答案是B。

35.【答案】C【解析】此题是名词题;根据动词stat和空格名词的搭配可知是创建和作者项目一样的项目。

所以答案是program;其余选项含义为requirement(要求), performance(表现), ceremony(典礼;仪式)，故正确答案是C。

第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A
Great Books for Every Reader
She Flies Through the Air
Circus Life
Lee Stath (Marilees)
Hardback $29.99
Paperback $19.99
E-book $3.99
Having fear of heights is definitely not an advantage when flying over circus rings or
swinging from one trapeze to the other. Rather constant practice and determination led trapeze
performer now author Lee Stath, also known in the circus world as part of The Flying Marilees, to
share how his instructor made one of the best catchers in the circus world out of anunwilling
school teacher. Through She Flies Through the Air, Stath uncovers the determination of the human
spirit and the energetic life on a circus train or inside a sweaty tin truck.
Never Quote the Weather to a Sea Lion
Paul Binder
Paperback $19.95
For Paul Binder the circus wasn’t merely a weekend escape—it was a
lifestyle. Discover the origins of New York’s beloved Big Apple circus in
Binder’s new memoir, which r ecords his journey from lowly beginnings to circus founder. Never
Quote the Weather to a Sea Lion will help readers understand the inner-working of the circus and
find the magic in everyday life.
A Century on New Brunswick’s N.W. Miramichi
George S. Mumford
Hardback $29.99
Paperback $19.99
E-book $3.99
Experience the greatness of nature and the glory of life. In A Century on New Brunswick’s
N.W. Miramichi,George S. Mum ford shares his father’s journal, one that recorded an unforgettable first trip to a breathtaking region of Canada.
I Choseto Be a U.S. Marine
George W. Carrington
Hardback $23.99
Paperback $14.95
E-book $3.99
I Chose to be a U.S. Marine is author George W. Carrington’s military memoirs during his
many years as a U.S.soldier at sea. This highly interesting and informative book is filled with
stories of bravery and heroism lightened by amusing stories, tells of the author’s life in the
marines.
36. If you are interested in Canadian wilderness, you can read _____.
A. She Flies Through the Air
B. I Chose to Be a U.S. Marine
C. Never Quote the Weather to a Sea Lion
D. A Century on New Brunswick’s N.W. Miramichi
【答案】D【解析】此题考查文章细节;本篇阅读介绍的四本书中只有第三本 A Century on New Brunswick'sN.W. Miramichi提与了加拿大,故正确答案是D。

37. Which two authors of the following have a similar experience?
A. Lee Stath and Paul Binder.
B. Lee Stath and George S. Mumford.
C. Paul Binder and George W. Carrington.
D. George S. Mumford and George W. Carrington.
【答案】A【解析】此题考查文章细节;本篇阅读介绍的四本书中,第一本书和第二本书均讲述了与马戏团有关的人生经历,所以第一本书的作者Lee stat和第二本书的作者Paul Binder拥有相似的经历,故正确答案是A
38. The main purpose of the passage is to _____.
C. expand readers’ horizon s
D. recommend the books
【答案】D【解析】此题考查文章主旨;文章一共介绍了四本书籍,并罗列了每本书籍的内容简介与每本书的精彩之处,目的就是来推荐书籍,故正确答案是D。

B
Indian-origin Anvitha Vijay has given a new meaning to the phrase “age is just a number”; she has proved that achievements and knowledge follow passion and not just age and experience.
Vijay, who lives with her parents in Melbourne, Australia, at the age of seven realised that her piggy bank did not have enough money to hire a developer to make her an app, so she decided to teach herself how to code. With the help of YouTube videos, the young techie learned to code. For one entire year, she watched multiple coding tutorials on the web and became a programmer herself.
Vijay’s inspiration for developing the apps was her little sister, who was still learning to talk. Therefore, Vijay developed an educational app for children that were her sister’s age. The app is called Smartkins, which uses about 100 sounds and flashcards of different animals that help children learn and identify. Later, Vijay developed a similar iOS app for children to identify and learn colors. Each app has been downloaded thousands of times.
Anvitha’s skills won her a scholarship to attend a big tech conference hosted by Apple in San Francisco, California. There, she got tips from the pros. She went to workshops where she learned about the latest software for app building.
All that training led to an idea for a third app. This one, called GoalsHi, inspires kids to practice good habits. Users are rewarded for achieving goals, such as eating their vegetables or practicing piano. Anvitha says the rewards are like getting a sticker for a job well done.
Anvitha’s goal is to continue creating technology that helps kids learn while having fun. But even more important to her is that the world sees the power of technology in kids’ hands. “The more training we get in tech at an early age,” she says, “the better chance we have of becoming creativity champions who will one day change the world.”
39. Vijay taught herself to code because _____.
A. she couldn’t afford a developer
B. her sister begged her
C. she valued her savings very much
D. her parents had confidence in her
【答案】A【解析】此题考查文章细节; Vijay学习编码的理由可以定位到文章第二段第一句话"vjay,…. to hire
a developer to make her an app."表明Vjay没有钱去雇开发者来帮她做app,故正确答案是A。

40. Vijay’s app GoalsHi intends to help kids _____.
A. identify colors
B. practice good habits
C. learn different animals
D. get in tech at an early age
【答案】B【解析】此题考查文章细节;通过题干可以定位到文章第五段第Aie" This one, called Goalshi, inspires kids to practice good habits表明这个软件是为了鼓励孩子培养好的习惯;故正确答案是B。

41. What is the right order of the events?
a. Learning the latest software for app building.
b. Teaching herself how to code.
c. Developing Smartkins app.
d. Building iOS app.
A. cbad
B.bacd
C. bcda
D. cdab
【答案】C【解析】此题考查文章细节;题干要求对文章的故事脉络进行顺序排序,因此是把握全文的题目。

首先第二段介绍了Vjay自学编码的故事,对应b;第三段为了帮助自己的妹妹建立认知和识别能力开发出来了Smartkins软件,对应c;第三段倒数第二行,随后开发了一个相似的iOs软件,对应d接着第四段倒数第二行" She went to workshops where she leamed about the latest software for app building,她去了一些研讨会,在那里她学习了最新的应用程序软件,对应a,故正确答案是C。

42. Vijay’s story indicates that _____.
A. one head cannot hold all wisdom
B. passion fuels the young to achieve
C. from small beginnings come great things
D. all things are difficult before they are easy
【答案】B【解析】此题考查文章主旨;A选项一个人的头脑不能容纳所有人的智慧;与文章题目不符;B选项热情激励年轻人有所成就;C选项小的开始也能成就大事;D选项一切事物在变得容易之前都是困难的;根据文章第一段第二行”she has proved that achievements and knowledge follow passion and not just age and experience证明,成就和知识跟随激情,而不仅仅仅仅是年龄和经验。

故正确答案是B
C
British anthropologists Russell Hill and Robert Barton of the University of Durham, after studying the results of one-on-one boxing, tae kwon do, Greco-Roman wrestling and freestyle wrestling matches at the Olympic Games, conclude that when two competitors are equally matched in fitness and skill, the athlete wearing red is more likely to win.
Hill and Barton report that when one competitor is much better than the other, colour has no effect on the result. However, when there is only a small difference between them, the effect of colour is enough to tip the balance. The anthropologists say that the number of times red wins is not simply by chance, but that these results are statistically significant.
Joanna Setchell, a primate (灵长目动物) researcher at the University of Cambridge, has found similar results in nature. She studies the large African monkeys known as mandrills. Mandrills have bright red noses that stand out against their white faces. Setchell’s work shows that the powerful males—the ones who are more successful with females—have a brighter red nose than other males.
As well as the studies on primates by Setchell, another study shows the effect of red among birds. In an experiment, scientists put red plastic rings on the legs of male zebra finches and this increased the birds’ success with female zebra finches. Zebra finches already have bright red beaks (鸟喙), so this study suggests that, as with Olympic athletes, an extra flash of red is significant. In fact, researchers from the University of Glasgow say that the birds’ brightly coloured beaks are an indicator of health. Jonathan Blount, a biologist, and his colleagues think they have found proof that bright red or orange beaks attract females because they mean that the males are healthier. Nothing in nature is simple, however, because in species such as the blue footed booby, a completely different colour seems to give the male birds the same advantage with females.
Meanwhile, what about those athletes who win in their events while wearing red? Do their clothes give them an unintentional advantage? Robert Barton accepts that “that is the implication” of their findings. Is it time for sports authorities to consider new regulations on sports clothing?
43. According to their research, Hill and Barton conclude that _____.
A. the colour of clothing has an effect on most sport events
B. red should be the choice of colour for clothing in sports
C. red plays a role when competitors are equally capable
D. athletes performbetter when surrounded by bright red
【答案】C【解析】此题考查段落主旨。

根据题干中的Hill and Barton conclude可定位到文章第一段最后一句。

“when two competitors are equally matched in fitness and skill, the athlete wearing red is more
likely to win,在本句中equally matched对应C选顶中的equally capable,而more likely to win对应C选项中的plays a role。

故正确答案是C
44. The underlined word “tip” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _____.
A.achieve
B. seek
C. keep
D. change
【答案】D【解析】此题考查文章细节。

根据题干信息定位到文章第二段。

第二段前两句话以however作为过渡词,所以关系应该为转折。

第一句的colour has no effect on the result与第二句的the effect of colour is enough to tip the balance应该表达相反的意思。

第一句说没有效果,所以此处tjp应该表达“打破、改变”的意思。

故正确答案是D
45. The example of the blue footed booby proves that _____.
A. male birds use different body parts to draw attention
B. red is not the only colour to attract female birds
C. blue gives female birds the same advantage
D. blue can indicate how healthy a bird is
【答案】B【解析】此题考查段落主旨。

根据题干中的blue footed booby可以定位到文章第四段后半部分。

而根据题干中的example一词可知例子是用来证明作者前面提到的观点。

该段前半部分用了大量的篇幅表达红色对于雌性鸟类的吸引。

bright red or orange beaks attract females.而后面的however表示转折。

后半句中再次提到different colour seems to give the male birds the same advantage withfemales.此句中the same advantage代的是前方的attract females;故正确答案是B.
46. What is the best title for the passage?
A. What Colour Implies More Power?
B. A Tip on Clothing
C. Need to Change the Rules in Sports?
D. Red Is for Winners
【答案】D【解析】根据题干中的best title可知,此题考查全文主旨。

文章分为5段。

第1段用研究结果表明同等条件下,穿红色衣服的运动员获胜机率更大;第2段表明根据数字统计,红色获胜并非偶然;第3段说自然界中红鼻猴子更具优势;第4段说在鸟类中同样更具优势;第5段提与是否由于这一现象的存在而在体育比赛中更改规则使比赛更加公平。

Red Is for winners最符合题意。

故正确答案是D
D
They hide in trees, hang from helicopters, even follow people down on motorcycles—all so that they can snap a shot of a celebrity. They are paparazzi—photographers who make a living by taking pictures of the rich and famous.
This September, California, a state with plenty of celebrities, passed a law aimed at taking action against paparazzi. The law forbids photographers from entering private property to take pictures, from using high-tech devices to take pictures of people on private property, and from “persistently following in order to take a picture.”Violators can be fined or spend time in prison. The United State Congress is considering passing a similar law. Supporters of the California law say it will protect the privacy of celebrities, whom paparazzi have been bothering for years. Opponents (反对者) say the law restricts photojournalists from doing their job.
Most celebrities seem to like having their pictures taken when they are in public at award shows or other events. After all, it’s free publicity. But when they’re not in public, they say, photographers should leave them alone. Yet paparazzi have been known to secretly look in windows and worse. Actor Michael J. Fox said that paparazzi have even “tried to pretend to be medical personnel at the hospital where my wife was giving birth to our son.”Celebrities have as much right to their privacy as anyone else, supporters of the law state. Supporters further argue that the California law is a fair way to keep the press at bay, because the law still allows photographers to do their job. It only punishes them, supporters say, when they violate celebrities’ privacy.
Opponents of the law say it violates the First Amendment to the United States Constitution (美国宪法第一修正案), which guarantees that no laws will be made to limit “the freedom of speech, or of the press.”A lthough some people might not consider paparazzi a part of the legal press, the California law does not single out paparazzi. It applies to photographers working for any publication.
Opponents of the law are also concerned about its wording. “Does ‘persistently’ mean following someone for six minutes, six seconds, or six days?”asked lawyer Douglas Mirell. The wording of the law is too vague, critics complain, and could be used to punish almost any news photographer.
The United States needs a free press to keep the public informed about important news, paparazzi law opponents say. Limiting the press in any way, they argue, limits the freedom of all.
47. Which of the following will be considered illegal by the new California law?
A. Paparazzi slipping into the house of a famous person to take a shot.
B. Paparazzi taking photos of famous people with high-tech cameras.
C. Paparazzi hiring helicopters as a fast means of transportation.
D. Paparazzi rushing towards filming sites on motorcycles.
【答案】A【解析】此题考查文章细节;根据题目定位到第第二段第二句话The law forbids photographers from entering private property to take pictures”,说明在新的法律中是禁止狗仔队进入私人府邸去拍照的;与A选项完全相符;B选项中“with high-tech cameras"与文章中“with high- tech devices”信息重叠,但文中说不可以利用高科技设备去拍摄私人府邸,而不是选项中,不可以利用高科技相机拍照,选项与文意不符,故排除B;C和D 均是文章首段提与的狗仔队采取过的拍摄手段,与新法律提与的保护私人府邸的隐私无关;故正确答案是A。

48. Supporters of the new law believe that _____.
A. it prevents the media from getting worse
B. it gives photographers a fair way to compete
C. punishment forces paparazzi to quit their job
D. privacy of famous people needs special protection
【答案】A【解析】此题考查文章细节;定位在文中第五段第二句,Supporters further argue that the California law is a fair way to keep the press at bay,.”可知,支持者认为新的法律是可以让新闻界保持中立发展的,与A选项防止媒体界发展的越来越糟糕完全相符;从第五段“. because the law still allows photographers to do their job. It only punishes them, supporters say, when they violate celebritiesprivacy”可知新的法律新没宥引起摄影师之间的竞争、制止狗仔队的工作，它只是规范了行业,避免名人的隐私被过分挖掘,但也没有对名人的隐私做额外的保护,因此BCD与文意不符,可排除,故正确答案是A。

49. Opponents of the new law are concerned that _____.
A. It will violate paparazzi’s privacy
B. the First Amendment will be changed
C. some photographers will be wrongly accused
D. people will not be informed of important news
【答案】C【解析】此题考查文章细节;定位在第七段最后一句。

“The wording of the law is too vague, critics complain, and could be used to punish almost any news photographer.”法律的用词太过于模糊，这样的用词会让几乎所有的新摄影师被处罚(控告),与C项相符合; A选项意为“它将侵犯狗仔队的隐私”,与文章内容不符合，故排除A选项;B选项意为“美国宪法第一修正案将被更改,文中提到新法律的反对者认为新的法律与美国宪法第一修正案相违背,但并没有提与将对美国宪法第一修正案进行修改,故排除B选项;D选项意为“重要的新闻将无法告诉人们,”文中并未提,故排除D;故正确答案是C。

50. What is the author’s attitude towards the new California law?
A. Critical.
B. Neutral.
C. Approving.
D. Sceptical.
【答案】B【解析】此题为考查作者态度的主旨题。

整篇文章作者在陈述的是关于California新法律出台,支持者和反对者的观点与态度,并没有倾向一方,故正确答案是B。

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

Bad News for the Highly Intelligent
There are advantages to being smart. People who do well on IQ tests tend to be more successful in the classroom and the workplace. They also tend to live longer, healthier lives, and are less likely to experience negative life events.
51 In a study, Ruth Karpinski and her colleagues carried out a study on the members of Mensa, a high IQ society. The study covered mood (情绪) disorders and anxiety disorders. Respondents were asked to report whether they had ever suffered from each disorder. The researchers compared the percentage of those who reported disorder to the national a verage and found that Mensa’s highly intelligent members were more likely to suffer from a range of serious disorders.
To explain their findings, Karpinski and his team bring up the hyper brain and hyper body theory. This theory holds that, for all of its advantages, being highly intelligent is associated with psychological and physiological “overexcitabilities”, or OE. 52 This can include anything from an astonishing sound to conflict with another person. According to the theory, OEs are more common in highly intelligent people. A highly。