英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解

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英语句子成分和句子结构讲解及练习

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。

句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。

（二）主语：主语(Subject)是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。

但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。

（三）谓语谓语(Predicate) 说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。

动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。

谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。

如：He practices running every morning.The plane took off at ten o’clock.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。

如：You may keep the book for two weeks.He has caught a bad cold.（2）由系动词加表语构成。

如：We are students.注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。

（四）表语表语(Predicative)用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。

常见的系动词有状态系动词可用来表示主语性质或状态，只有be一词，例如：He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。

（表示主语的身份－－性质）He is ill. 他病了。

（表示主语的状态）持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如：He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。

This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解）：句子说明的人或事物。

He is asleep.predicative）：系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

He is a teacher. （名词） Seventy-four! You don’t look it.（代词）Five and five is ten.（数词） He is asleep. （形容词）His father is in. （副词）The picture is on the wall. (介词短语)My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词）To wear a flower is to say“I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring.（不定式）The question is whether they will come. （表语从句）（常见的系动词有：be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）, taste（尝、吃起来）,remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉）...It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.1）动作的承受者-----动宾I like China.（名词）He hates you.（代词）How many do you need? We need two.（数词）We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. （动名词）I hope to see you again. （不定式）Did you write down what he said?（宾语从句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks.3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）Give the poor man some money.We elected him monitor. （名词） We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here.（名）We will make them happy.（形容词）We found nobody in. (副词)Please make yourself at home.介词短语）Don’t let him do that.（省to不定式）His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（带to不定式）（现在分词）I’ll have my bike repaired.（过去分词）He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room.Ai Y anling is a chemistry teacher.（名词） He is our friend.（代词）We belong to the third world. （数词） He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词）The man over there is my old friend.(副词) The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词)The boys playing football are in Class 2. （现在分词）The trees planted last year are growing well now.（过去分词）I have an idea to do it well. （不定式）（定语从句）v., adj., adv., or句子。

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习英语句子就像一座建筑，句子成分是构成这座建筑的各种材料，而句子结构则是建筑的框架。

理解句子成分和结构对于我们正确理解和运用英语至关重要。

接下来，让我们一起深入探讨。

一、英语句子成分1、主语主语是句子所描述的主体，通常是某人、某事或某物。

它是句子的核心，决定了句子要说的是谁或什么。

比如，“The dog is cute” （这只狗很可爱。

）中，“The dog”就是主语。

2、谓语谓语表示主语的动作或状态。

它通常由动词构成。

例如，“She sings beautifully” （她唱歌很好听。

）中的“sings”就是谓语。

3、宾语宾语是动作的对象，通常是接受动作的人或物。

比如，“He bought a book” （他买了一本书。

）中的“a book”就是宾语。

4、表语表语用于说明主语的特征、状态、身份等。

常见的系动词有 be （am/is/are）、seem、look 等，其后的成分就是表语。

例如，“She is happy” （她很开心。

）中的“happy”就是表语。

5、定语定语用来修饰、限定名词或代词。

它可以是形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语等。

例如，“The red car is mine” （那辆红色的车是我的。

）中的“red”就是定语。

6、状语状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，表示时间、地点、原因、方式、程度等。

比如，“He runs fast” （他跑得很快。

）中的“fast”就是状语。

7、补语补语用于补充说明宾语或主语的情况。

例如，“We made him our monitor” （我们选他当班长。

）中的“our monitor”就是宾语补足语。

二、英语句子结构1、简单句简单句只有一个主谓结构，是最基本的句子类型。

例如，“I love you” （我爱你。

）2、并列句并列句由两个或两个以上的简单句通过并列连词（and, but, or 等）连接而成。

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习

英语句⼦成分和英语句⼦结构讲解及练习英语句⼦成分1．主语（subject）: 句⼦说明的⼈或事物，是句⼦叙述的主体，可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。

We study English. He is asleep.3．表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表⽰主语的性质、状态和特征。

He is a teacher. The cake tastes delicious.He looks tired. He became mad after that.系动词亦称联系动词（Link Verb），作为系动词，它本⾝有词义，但不能单独⽤作谓语，后边必须跟表语，构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。

常见的系动词有:1）状态系动词：be (am is are was were…)2）持续系动词：keep, rest, remain, stay, stand, “保持”3）表像系动词：seem, appear, look.. "看起来像"4）感官系动词：feel, smell, sound, taste,5）变化系动词：become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run“变得”6）终⽌系动词：prove, turn out, "证实"4．宾语：1）动作的承受者-----动宾I like China. He hates you.I enjoy working with you.2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Are you afraid of the snake?3）双宾语-----间宾（指⼈）和直宾（指物）He gave me a book yesterday. My father told me a story.5. 补语1）宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补⾜语。

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解1. 主语（Subject）：句子中进行动作或者是被动接受动作的人或物。

例句：Tom is reading a book.（主语是Tom）2. 谓语（Predicate）：句子中所陈述的动作或状态。

例句：I am studying English. （谓语是am studying）3. 宾语（Object）：句子中被动作的对象或者是动作的影响者。

例句：She bought a new car.（宾语是a new car）4. 定语（Adjective）：修饰名词或代词的词或词组。

例句：I saw a black cat.（定语是black）5. 状语（Adverb）：修饰动词、形容词、副词，可以表示时间、地点、方式、程度等。

例句：She sings beautifully.（状语是beautifully）例句：I am a student.（补语是a student）英语句子结构可以按照不同的组合方式分类：1. 简单句（Simple Sentence）：包含一个主语和一个谓语。

例句：She sings.（主语+谓语）例句：I like swimming, but he prefers hiking.（独立子句+连接词+独立子句）3. 并列句（Coordinative Sentence）：用连词连接两个或更多的相同层次的分句。

例句：I am tired, so I'm going to bed.（分句+连词+分句）例句：She invited me to a party, which made me happy.（主句+从句）总结起来，英语句子成分和结构的掌握对于理解和构建句子都是非常重要的。

通过对各个成分的认识和使用，可以更准确地表达自己的意思。

而了解不同的句子结构，可以帮助我们构建丰富多样的句子，提高语言表达的能力。

英语句子成分和句型结构

一、英语句子成分与英语句子构造讲解：〔一〕句子成分语〔subject〕: 句子说明的人或事物。

主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句与短语等来担任。

The sun rises in the east.〔名词〕He likes dancing. 〔代词〕Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)Seeing is believing. 〔动名词〕To see is to believe. 〔不定式〕What he needs is a book. 〔主语从句〕It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. 〔It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语〕找出以下句中的主语：Jane is good at playing the piano.〔名词〕She went out in a hurry.〔代词〕Four plus four is eight.〔数词〕To see is to believe.〔不定式〕Smoking is bad for health.〔动名词〕The young should respect the old.〔名词化的形容词〕What he has said is true. 〔句子〕2.谓语〔predicate〕: 说明主语的动作、状态与特征。

简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成I saw the flag on the top of the hillHe looked after two orphans.复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+动词;He can speak English well.She doesn’t seem to like dancing.找出以下句中的谓语〔注：只有动词才可作谓语。

〕：1. We love China.2. We have finished reading this book.3. He can speak English.4. She seems tired.语〔predicative〕: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态与特征。

英语句子成分和句子结构分析

英语句子成分和句子结构分析Company Document number：WUUT-WUUY-WBBGB-BWYTT-1982GT英语句子成分和句子结构分析语法讲解1认识语法一、英语语法分为两大部分词法（微观遣词）；句法（宏观造句）01词法（微观遣词）1.实词：有实际意义的词。

名词n.：表事物名称动词vi./vt.：行为，动态。

vi.不及物动词，本身可以表达完整意义，后面不需要带宾语vt.及物动词，本身无法表达完整意义，后面必须带宾语形容词adj.：修饰n.副词adv.：修饰v./adj.或者句子中其他adv或者整个句子代词Pron.：代替n.数词num.：表数量（基数词），表顺序（序数词）2.虚词：没有实际意义的词。

介词prep.：说明词与词之间的关系连词conj.：说明句子与句子之间的关系冠词art.：在n.前，限定n.感叹词int.：表达感叹02句法（宏观造句）1.句子的成分2.句子结构3.句子的变化4.句子的功能5.句子的类型：简单句，并列句，复合句6.复合句：名词性从句，定语从句，状语从句二、语法四大原则1.词性决定词用2.同类同用同种类型的词，用法相同，越细分，越一致3.动词即句魂句子里最重要的是谓语，谓语部分最重要的就是动词4.举一反三由表及里，发掘句子结构，归属；认识句子本质，由点及面，放大到句群。

语法精讲2句子的成分主体：主语，谓语，宾语，表语次体：定语，状语，补语，同位语主语：一个句子的主体，是全句述说的对象。

常由名词，代词或相当于名词或代词的词担任，一般放在句首。

The sun(名词n.) rises in the east.W e(代词pron.) are friendsT wenty years(数词num.) is a short time in history.S eeing（动名词） is believingT o be a teacher(不定式)is my dreamW hat he needs(句子)is a book 主语从句I t（形式主语）is time to go home（真正的主语）形式主语是为保持句子平衡谓语：表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或动词词组担任，放在主语的后面W e study(实意动词)English！I can（情态动词）do it!I don’t（助动词）know!H e is（系动词）asleep.宾语：表示谓语行为的对象，常由名词，代词或相当于名词的词担任，一般放在及物动词或者介词之后。

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解英语句子是我们学习英语时需要重点掌握的一部分。

了解句子的基本成分和结构对我们正确理解和使用英语句子非常重要。

在本文中，我将详细介绍英语句子中的成分和结构。

一、英语句子的基本成分英语句子由不同的成分组成，每个成分在句子中扮演不同的角色。

以下是英语句子中常见的成分：1. 主语（Subject）：主语是句子中动作的执行者或者是与动作直接相关的事物或人。

一般来说，主语通常是一个名词、代词或者名词短语。

例如："John is a student."（约翰是一名学生。

）中的"John"就是主语。

2. 谓语（Predicate）：谓语是句子中主语所表达的动作、状态或者关系。

通常，谓语是一个动词或者动词短语。

例如："She is reading a book."（她在读一本书。

）中的"is reading"就是谓语。

3. 宾语（Object）：宾语是句子中动作的承受者或者是与动作直接相关的事物或人。

宾语通常是一个名词、代词或者名词短语。

例如："He bought a car."（他买了一辆车。

）中的"a car"就是宾语。

4. 定语（Adjective）：定语是修饰名词或代词的成分。

定语通常位于名词或代词之前，用来进一步描述或限定名词或代词的特征。

例如："The red apple tastes sweet."（那个红苹果尝起来很甜。

）中的"red"就是定语。

5. 状语（Adverb）：状语是修饰动词、形容词、副词、整个句子或者其他语法单位的成分。

状语通常用来表达时间、地点、方式、原因、程度等信息。

例如："They ran quickly to the park."（他们快速地跑到了公园。

）中的"quickly"就是状语。

英语句子成分和英语句子基本结构讲解及练习

英语句子成分和英语句子基本结构讲解及练习一、句子的基本结构5种1、主语+谓语s+v2、主语+系动词+表语s+l+p3、主语+谓语+宾语s+v+o4、主语+谓语+间接宾语指人+直接宾语指物s+v+io+do5、主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语s+v+o+c二、句子成分：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补、同位语、插足语1. 主语subject：句子说明的人或事物;The sun rises in the east He likes dancing.Twenty years is a short time in history. Seeing is believing.To see is to believe. What he needs is a book.It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.一指出下列句中主语的中心词① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.② There is an old man coming here.③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.2. 谓语predicate：是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或者动词词组担任,放在主语的后面; We study English. He is asleep.二. 选出句中谓语的中心词① I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get C. days D. summer③ Do you usually go to school by bus A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will beB. meetingC. the libraryD. afternoon⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast3. 表语predicative：系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征;He is a teacher. Seventy-four You don’t look it.Five and five is ten. He is asleep.His father is in. The picture is on the wall.My watch is gone / missing / lost.The question is whether they will come.常见的系动词有: be, sound听起来, look看起来, feel摸起来,smell闻起来, taste尝、吃起来, remain保持,仍是, feel感觉……It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.The door remains open. Now I feel tired.三挑出下列句中的表语① The old man was feeling very tired. ② Why is he worried about Jim③ The leaves have turned yellow. ④ Soon They all became interested in the subject.⑤ She was the first to learn about it.4. 宾语：1动宾表示行为的对象,常由名词或者代词担任;放在及物动词或者介词之后;如：I like China. He hates you.How many do you need We need two. I enjoy working with you.I hope to see you again. Did you write down what he said2介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Are you afraid of the snake Under the snow, there are many rocks.3双宾语-----间宾指人和直宾指物He gave me a book yesterday . Give the poor man some money.四挑出下列句中的宾语① My brother hasn't done his homework.② People all over the world speak English.③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.④ How many new words did you learn last class⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you5. 宾补：对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语;We elected him monitor. We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here.We will make them happy. We found nobody in.Please make yourself at home. Don’t let him do that.His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson.Don’t keep the lights burning. I’ll have my bike repaired.五挑出下列句中的宾语补足语① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.② He asked her to take the boy out of school. ③ She found it difficult to do the work.④ They call me Lily sometimes. ⑤ I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.⑥ Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now6. 定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子;Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher. He is our friend.We belong to the third world. He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.The man over there is my old friend.The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister.The boys playing football are in Class 2.The trees planted last year are growing well now.I have an idea to do it well. You should do everything that I do.六挑出下列句中的定语① They use Mr., Mrs. with the family name.② What is your given name③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.7. 状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子;表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步;以下例句按上述顺序排列I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meeting room.The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well.He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam. I like some of you very much.If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school by bike. Though he is young, he can do it well.七挑出下列句中的状语① There was a big smile on her face.② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.③ He began to learn English when he was eleven.④ The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.八划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语① Please tell us a story.② My father bought a new bike for me last week.③ Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.④ Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.⑤Did he leave any message for me。

2020年英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解

作者：空青山作品编号：89964445889663Gd53022257782215002时间：2020.12.13一、英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解：（一）句子成分1.主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。

主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担任。

The sun rises in the east.（名词） He likes dancing. （代词）Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)Seeing is believing. （动名词）To see is to believe. （不定式） What he needs is a book. （主语从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）找出下列句中的主语：Jane is good at playing the piano.（名词） She went out in a hurry.（代词）Four plus four is eight.（数词） To see is to believe.（不定式）Smoking is bad for health.（动名词） The young should respect the old.（名词化的形容词）What he has said is true. （句子）2.谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。

简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成I saw the flag on the top of the hill?He looked after two orphans.复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+动词;He can speak English well.She doesn’t seem to like dancing.找出下列句中的谓语（注：只有动词才可作谓语。

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习一、句子成分1. 主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物，是句子的主体。

The sun rises in the east （名词）He likes dancing. （代词）Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)Seeing is believing. （动名词）To see is to believe.（不定式）What he needs is a book.（主语从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）(练习）指出下列句中主语的中心词①The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.②There is an old man coming here.③The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④To do today’s homework without the teacher’s help is very difficult.2. 谓语（predicate）：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，放在主语的后面。

也是句子的主体部分，一般由动词充当。

动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。

【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。

We study English. He works in a factory.(练习). 选出句中谓语的中心词①I don’t like the picture on the wall.A. don’tB. likeC. pictureD. wall②The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A. getB. longerC. daysD. summer③Do you usually go to school by bus?A. DoB. usuallyC. goD. bus④There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will beB. meetingC. the libraryD. afternoon⑤Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A. DidB. twinsC. haveD. breakfast3. 表语（predicative）：用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受，放在系动词的后面。

英语句子成分和句子结构分析

英语句子成分和句子结构分析语法讲解1认识语法一、英语语法分为两大部分词法（微观遣词）；句法（宏观造句）01词法（微观遣词）1.?实词：有实际意义的词。

名词n.：表事物名称动词vi./vt.：行为，动态。

vi.不及物动词，本身可以表达完整意义，后面不需要带宾语vt.及物动词，本身无法表达完整意义，后面必须带宾语形容词adj.：?修饰n.副词adv.：修饰v./adj.或者句子中其他adv或者整个句子代词Pron.：代替n.数词num.：表数量（基数词），表顺序（序数词）2.?虚词：没有实际意义的词。

介词prep.：说明词与词之间的关系连词conj.：说明句子与句子之间的关系冠词art.：在n.前，限定n.感叹词int.：表达感叹02句法（宏观造句）1.句子的成分2.句子结构3.句子的变化4.句子的功能5.句子的类型：简单句，并列句，复合句6.复合句：名词性从句，定语从句，状语从句二、语法四大原则1.?词性决定词用2.?同类同用同种类型的词，用法相同，越细分，越一致3.?动词即句魂句子里最重要的是谓语，谓语部分最重要的就是动词4.?举一反三由表及里，发掘句子结构，归属；认识句子本质，由点及面，放大到句群。

语法精讲2句子的成分主体：主语，谓语，宾语，表语次体：定语，状语，补语，同位语主语：一个句子的主体，是全句述说的对象。

常由名词，代词或相当于名词或代词的词担任，一般放在句首。

The sun(名词n.) rises in the east.W e(代词pron.) are friendsT wenty years(数词num.) is a short time in history.S eeing（动名词） is believingT o be a teacher?(不定式)is my dreamW hat he needs?(句子)is a book ???主语从句I t?（形式主语）is time?to go home（真正的主语）形式主语是为保持句子平衡谓语：表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或动词词组担任，放在主语的后面W e study(实意动词)?English！?I?can（情态动词）?do?it!?I?don’t（助动词）?know!?H e?is（系动词）?asleep.宾语：表示谓语行为的对象，常由名词，代词或相当于名词的词担任，一般放在及物动词或者介词之后。

英语句子成分和句子结构分析

英语句子成分和句子结构分析语法讲解 1认识语法一、英语语法分为两大部分词法（微观遣词）；句法（宏观造句）01词法（微观遣词）1. 实词：有实际意义的词。

名词n. ：表事物名称动词vi./vt. ：行为，动态。

vi. 不及物动词，本身可以表达完整意义，后面不需要带宾语vt. 及物动词，本身无法表达完整意义，后面必须带宾语形容词adj. ：修饰n.副词adv. ：修饰v./adj. 或者句子中其他adv 或者整个句子代词Pron. ：代替n.数词num.：表数量（基数词），表顺序（序数词）2. 虚词：没有实际意义的词。

介词prep. ：说明词与词之间的关系连词conj. ：说明句子与句子之间的关系冠词art. ：在n. 前，限定n. 感叹词int. ：表达感叹02句法（宏观造句）1. 句子的成分2. 句子结构3. 句子的变化4. 句子的功能5. 句子的类型：简单句，并列句，复合句6. 复合句：名词性从句，定语从句，状语从句二、语法四大原则1. 词性决定词用2. 同类同用同种类型的词，用法相同，越细分，越一致3. 动词即句魂句子里最重要的是谓语，谓语部分最重要的就是动词4. 举一反三由表及里，发掘句子结构，归属；认识句子本质，由点及面，放大到句群。

语法精讲 2句子的成分主体：主语，谓语，宾语，表语次体：定语，状语，补语，同位语主语：一个句子的主体，是全句述说的对象。

常由名词，代词或相当于名词或代词的词担任，一般放在句首。

The sun ( 名词n.) rises in the east.W e( 代词pron.) are friendsT wenty years ( 数词num.) is a short time in history.S eeing （动名词）is believingT o be a teacher ( 不定式)is my dreamW hat he needs ( 句子)is a book 主语从句I t （形式主语）is time to go home （真正的主语）形式主语是为保持句子平衡谓语：表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或动词词组担任，放在主语的后面We study ( 实意动词) English！I can（情态动词）do it!I don’t （助动词）know!He is （系动词）asleep.宾语：表示谓语行为的对象，常由名词，代词或相当于名词的词担任，一般放在及物动词或者介词之后。

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解1.主语：句子中承受动作或说明句子中主要内容的成分，通常回答“谁？”的问题。

例如：- My sister (我的妹妹) is a teacher.2.谓语：句子中说明主语动作或状态的成分，通常由动词构成。

例如：- She (她) is reading (在读书) a book.3.宾语：句子中说明动作的承受者或受影响的事物的成分，通常回答“什么？”的问题。

例如：- He (他) likes (喜欢) apples (苹果).4.定语：句子中用来修饰名词或代词的成分，通常由形容词、限定词或被动分词构成。

例如：- The red (红色的) car (汽车) is mine.5.状语：句子中用来修饰动词、形容词或副词的成分，通常回答“怎样？”“在哪里？”“为什么？”等问题。

例如：- She (她) sings (唱歌) beautifully (优美地).6.补语：句子中用来补充说明主语或宾语的成分，常常是形容词、名词、副词、介词短语等。

例如：- He (他) is a doctor (医生).英语句子结构指的是英语句子中各个成分之间的组织方式和顺序。

常见的英语句子结构有简单句、复合句和并列句等。

1.简单句：由一个主语和一个谓语组成，可以有宾语、定语、状语或补语等修饰。

例如：- My cat (我的猫) is sleeping (在睡觉).2.复合句：由一个主句和一个或多个从句组成，从句可以充当主语、宾语、定语或状语等。

例如：- I will go shopping (我将去购物) when I finish work (我完成工作).3.并列句：由两个或多个主句组成，它们之间通常用逗号、分号或连词连接。

例如：- I like coffee (我喜欢咖啡), but my friend prefers tea (但是我的朋友更喜欢茶).。

英语句子成分和句子结构讲解及练习

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。

句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。

（二）主语：主语(Subject)是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。

但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。

（三）谓语谓语(Predicate) 说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。

动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。

谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。

如：He practices running every morning.The plane took off at ten o’clock.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。

如：You may keep the book for two weeks.He has caught a bad cold.（2）由系动词加表语构成。

如：We are students.注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。

（四）表语表语(Predicative)用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。

常见的系动词有状态系动词可用来表示主语性质或状态，只有be一词，例如：He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。

（表示主语的身份－－性质）He is ill. 他病了。

This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解

、英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解:（一）句子成分1. 主语（subject ）:句子说明的人或事物。

主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担任。

The sun rises in the east. （名词）He likes dancing. （代词）Twenty years is a short time in history.（数词）Seeing is believing. （动名词）To see is to believe. （不定式）What he needs is a book. （主语从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）找岀下列句中的主语：Jane is good at playing the piano. （名词）She went out in a hurry. （代词）Four plus four is eight. （数词）To see is to believe. （不定式）Smoking is bad for health. （动名词）The young should respect the old. （名词化的形容词）What he has said is true. （句子）2.谓语（predicate ）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。

简单谓语：由动词或动词词组组成I saw the flag on the top of the hill?He looked after two orpha ns.复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+动词；He can speak English well.She doesn ' t seem to like dancing.找岀下列句中的谓语（注：只有动词才可作谓语。

）：1. We love Chi na.2. We have finished reading this book.3. He can speak English.4. She seems tired.3. 表语（predicative ）:系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征3 ）双宾语物.间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语 .直接宾语指物或事，间接宾语指人或动找岀下列句中的表语。

英语句子成分和句子结构讲解及练习

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习一、句子成分❖（一）句子成分的定义：❖构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。

句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。

（二）主语：❖主语(Subject)是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。

但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。

（三）谓语❖谓语(Predicate) 说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。

动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。

谓语的构成如下：❖1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。

如：He practices running every morning.The plane took off at ten o’clock.❖2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。

如：You may keep the book for two weeks.He has caught a bad cold.（2）由系动词加表语构成。

如：We are students.注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。

（四）表语表语(Predicative)用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。

常见的系动词有状态系动词可用来表示主语性质或状态，只有be一词，例如：He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。

（表示主语的身份－－性质）He is ill. 他病了。

This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解1. 主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。

We study English. He is asleep.3. 表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

He is a teacher. （名词）The book is mine .（代词）Five and five is ten. （数词）He is asleep.（形容词）His father is in. /here（副词）The picture is on the wall.( 介词短语)My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词）To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring.（不定式）The question is whether they will come. （表语从句）（常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）, taste （尝、吃起来）, remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉）...It sounds a good idea.The sound sounds strangeHer voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.The door remains open. Now I feel tired.4.宾语：1）动作的承受者-----动宾I like China.（名词）He hates you. （代词）How many do you need? We need two.（数词）We should help the old and the poor. The +形容词I enjoy working with you.（动名词）I hope to see you again. （不定式）Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Are you afraid of the snake?Under the snow, there are many rocks.3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）He gave me a book yesterday.Give the poor man some money.5. 宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解1. 主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。

We study English. He is asleep.3. 表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

He is a teacher. （名词） That bike is mine. （代词）Five and five is ten. （数词） He isasleep. （形容词）His father is in. （副词） The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词）To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. （不定式）The question is whether they will come. （表语从句）（常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）, taste（尝、吃起来）, remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉） ...It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.The door remains open. Now I feel tired.4. 宾语：1）动作的承受者-----动宾I like China. （名词） He hates you. （代词）How many do you need? We need two. （数词）We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. （动名词）I hope to see you again. （不定式） Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks.3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money. 5. 宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。

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一、英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解：主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。

主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担任。

We study English. He is asleep.表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

He is a teacher. （名词）Seventy-four! You don‟t look it. （代词）Five and five is ten. （数词）He is asleep. （形容词）His father is in. （副词）The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词）To wear a flower is to say “I‟m poor, I can‟t b uy a ring. （不定式）The question is whether they will come. （表语从句）（常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）,taste（尝、吃起来）, remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉） ...It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.The door remains open. Now I feel tired.宾语：1）动作的承受者-----动宾I like China. （名词）He hates you. （代词）How many do you need? We need two. （数词）We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. （动名词）I hope to see you again. （不定式）Did you write down what he said?（宾语从句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks.3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。

We elected him monitor. （名词）We all think it a pity that she didn‟tcome here. （名）We will make them happy. （形容词）We found nobody in. ( 副词) Please make yourself at home. 介词短语）Don‟t let him do that. （省to不定式）His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带to不定式）Don‟t keep the lights burning. （现在分词）I‟ll have my bike repaired. （过去分词）主补：对主语的补充。

He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。

Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词）He is our friend. （代词）We belong to the third world. （数词）He was advised to teach the lazyboy a lesson.（形容词）The man over there is my old friend.(副词) The woman with a baby inher arms is my sister. (介词)The boys playing football are in Class 2. （现在分词）The trees planted last year are growing well now. （过去分词）I have an idea to do it well. （不定式）You should do everything that I do.（定语从句）状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。

表示时间、地点、原因、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。

（以下例句按上述顺序排列）I will go there tomorrow.The meeting will be held in the meeting-room.The meat went bad because of the hot weather.He studies hard to learn English well.He didn‟t study hard so that h e failed in the exam. I like some of you verymuch.If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school by bike.Though he is young, he can do it well.句子结构简单句的五个基本句型主语＋不及物动词She came．/ My head aches.主语＋及物动词＋宾语She likes English.主语＋系动词＋主语补语She is happy．主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语She gave John a book．She bought a book for me.主语＋宾补动词＋宾语＋宾语补语She makes her mother angry．The teacher asked me to read the passage.（There +be There lies a book on the desk. ）Exercises ：分析下列句子成分1. Our school is not far from my home.2. It is a great pleasure to talkwith you3. All of us considered him honest.4. My grandfather bought me apair of sports shoes.5. He broke a piece of glass.6. He made it clear that he wouldleave the city．翻译练习：主谓结构（主语＋不及物动词）1、You should study hard.2、She went home very late yesterday evening.练习：1、This box weighs five kilos. 这个盒子重五公斤。

2、I lived in Beijing five years ago. 五年前我住在北京。

主谓宾结构（主语＋及物动词＋宾语）1、I wrote a letter last night.2、I want to talk with you this afternoon.练习：1、All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy. 我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。

2、He did not know what to say. 他不知道说什麽好。

主系表结构（主语＋系动词＋表语）1.My brothers are all college students. 2In winter, the days are short andthe nights are long.2. Mrs Brown looks very healthy. 4At the age of fifteen he became afamous pianist.练习：1、树叶已经变黄了。

The leaves have turned yellow.2、这个报告听起来很有意思。

The report sounds interesting.双宾语结构（主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语）1.Mr Johnson taught us German last year.2.Grandma told me an interesting story last night.练习：1、请你给我弄一本新的，好吗？Will you please get me a new copy?2、我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？Shall I call you a taxi?复合宾语结构（主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语）1.We call her Alice.2.His parents named him John.练习：1、学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。

The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when classbegins.2、我认为与那个人谈话是无益的。

I thought it no use talking with that manThere be 句型1.There isn‟t going to be a meeting toni ght.2.There was only a well in the village.练习：1、铃响了。