情态动词大盘点

情态动词大盘点
情态动词的定义: 情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词，但不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。

一、
1. I can't play basketball now, but I could when I was very young.
/ Nobody can stop the development of science .
2. Could / Can you tell me how to get to the airport ?
3. This time I failed in the exam, but I'll be able to pass the exam next time.
/ They were determined to carry out the plan at first, but then we were able to persuade them to change their minds.
/ The car broke down on the way, but we were able to get out of the desert at last.
/ The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out.
4. How can you be so impolite? / How can / could you be here ?
/ He is an honest man; he can't / couldn't be telling lies.
5. —Someone is knocking at the door. Who ______ it be?
— It ______ be Tom. He is still in the school.
A. can, can't
B. can, mustn't
C. might, could
D. might, may
6. What can/ could have happened to her? She hasn't arrived yet.
/ The door was locked. She couldn't / can't have been at home.
7. Thank you for all your hard work last week.I don't think we could have managed it
without you.
8. —It is really fun to hike and I often go hiking in the forest.
— But hiking alone in the forest ______ be very dangerous.
A.can
B. must
C. shall
D. Will
/.It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it can be rather cold sometimes.（08福建卷）/ Peter can be really difficult at times even though he’s a nice person in general.（08辽宁卷）/ Making choices can be very difficult, especially when there is no one to turn to for advice.
/ It can/ could be interesting to go out for a drive.
9. You can't praise him too much. 你无论怎样称赞他都不过分。

/ I can't thank you enough.我对你感激不尽。

/ This point cannot be overemphasized. 这一点无论如何强调都不过分。

10.I cannot / can hardly wait to read the book.
例1、表示“脑力或体力上的能力”；
例2、表示“表示请求或主观上的允许”；
例3、表示经过努力而成功地办到了某个具体的事情时，只能用be able to, 不可以用can;
这种用法的be able to 相当于succeed in doing 或manage to do。

例4、5、6、(can/ could用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中）表示猜测、怀疑或惊诧等态度。

例6\ 表示could/can (not) have done 可表示对过去发生的行为进行猜测;
例7、could have done 还可表示对过去发生的动作表示虚拟用法；
例8、表示can / could可表示理论上的一种推测，“经验之谈”；仅用于肯定的陈述句；
可译为“有可能，有时会”。

例9、cannot ／can't 与too／over-／enough等词连用; not也可以用never／hardly／scarcely 等代替。

意思是“越…越好”“无论怎样…也不为过”。

例10、cannot / can hardly wait to do sth. 意思是“be eager to ……急于做”，表示强调的肯定意思。

二、
1. ---May I come in? ---Yes, you may / can. (---No, you can't /mustn't. / I'm afraid not.)
2. May you be happy! = Wish you happy!
/ May you succeed in winning the first prize in the game !
3. The traffic is heavy these days. I might / may arrive a little late, so could you save me a place?
/ He may/ might not come today. It is raining outside.
4. If you had made better use of your time , you might have learned more .
/ What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, he might have done better.
5. She may well refuse to speak to you, because she’s in a very bad mood.
/ Liza may well not want to go on the trip---she hates travelling. (08’全国卷II )
6. Since she is angry, we may / might as well leave her alone.
/ It is very late ,so you may / might as well go to bed . 。

例1、表示征求意见、许可。

例2、may放在句首，表“祝愿”；构成祈使句：“May +主语+do/ be+其它！”。

例3、may/might 表推测，用于肯定句和否定句中；may 比might 的语气略强一点；
例4、might (not) have done还可表示对过去发生的动作表虚拟；
例5、“may well＋动词原形”意思为“理应，有足够的理由,很有可能”；
例6、“may/ might as well +动词原形”意思为“还不如，不妨，还是…的好”,表示某人应该做某事，因为没有更好的事、没有更有趣的事或没有更有用处的事可以做。

/ You may / might as well repeat the experiment .
三、
1./ Shall Xiao Wang take the position?
/ —_____ I tell John about it? —No, you needn’t. I have told him already.
A. Shall
B. Will
C. Can
D. May
2.Being examined twice a year is the rule that every driver ____ obey in this city.
A shall
B can
C ought to D. need
/ He shall have the book when I finish reading it.
/ He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you.
/ Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan.
/ You shall be punished if you break the rule.
/一What does the sign over there read?
一“No person ________ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette，cigar or pipe in this area．”
(07 四川卷) A．will B．may C．shall D. must
3. I consider it a good joke that he should marry such a woman .
/ That he should speak to you like that is quite astonishing.
/ It seems unfair that this should happen to me .这种事情竟然发生在我的身上，好像不公平。

/You can’t imagine that such a good student like him should have failed in the exam.
/ It is strange that she should have survived the disaster .
4.It is necessary / important that we should learn English well.
/ The doctor recommended that you (should) not swim after a large meal.
/ If you should change your mind / Should you change your mind, do let me know.
5.I was really anxious about you. You shouldn’t have left home without a word.
/ —You should have written with a pen, not a pencil.
—Yes, I know I ought to have, but I had no pen to write with.
6. There shouldn't be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.
/ The report is written after careful investigation, so it should be reliable .
/ What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? There should be twelve. (09;全国卷I)
/ The rescue team should arrive by 5 o'clock this afternoon.
7.According to the air traffic rules, you should switch off your mobile phone before boarding. (08'上海）
例1、shall 用于第一，三人称, 疑问句中：表征求对方的意见或请示;。

例2、shall 用于第二、三人称，肯定句中：表允诺, 命令，警告，威胁，决心，强制或是在法律、条约、协定等文件中可以表示义务、规定等。

例3、should 译为“居然，竟然”；表示意外，惊异等情绪，
例4、should还可用于一些表虚拟的句型；
例5、ought (not) to / should (not) + have done表示对过去动作的虚拟用法；
例6、should可以表示估计或推测上的“按理说、估计、按理应当”等等。

例7、should可以表示义务、责任或建议、劝告。

四、
1. I'll do my best to catch up with them. / I'll never do it again, that's the last time.
/ No matter how I advised him to give up smoking, he would not listen to me.
2. It's hot. Will you open the windows? / Will you help me to work it out?
/ Would you like some coffee？
3. She would sit there for hours sometimes ,doing nothing at all .
/ I would ask such questions when I was at school.
/ In those days, the old woman would sit at the gate for hours, waiting for her son to
return from the front.
/ Whenever Mother was not here, the children would make a lot of noise.
4. Please come to my party tonight, will you?
/ — party tomorrow. —_______.
A. I don’t C. I can’t D. I haven’t
5. If you will wait a moment , I’ll go to see if Mr. Johns is free .
/ If you will make another try ,I shall do everything possible to help you .
如果你愿意再试一次的话，我愿近一切可能帮助你。

6. However hard you try, the door won't open.
7. Matches will not strike if they are damp.火柴如果潮湿，就划不着。

/ Fish will die without water.
例1、(will /would) 表意志、决心、愿望。

would 为will 的过去式, 可用于各人称。

例2、will, would用于疑问句表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问,用would 比will 更婉转,例3、would 表过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向，“总是（会），总要”；而used to 表“过去常常”(现在已没有这种习惯)。

例4、祈使句的反意疑问句的回答一般多用“will you”；
例5、will表“意愿”色彩，可用于if条件状从中；表将来, 则不能，要用一般现在时替代。

例6、will用于非人主语时，表示固有性质，倾向。

例7.
五、
1.
—Yes, you must. (No, you don't have to. / No, you needn't .)
2. You mustn't / can't play football in the street.
/ You mustn’t park your car here; there is a sing saying “No Parking”.
3. There must be something wrong with the computer.
/ You have worked hard all day. You must be tired.
/ They are playing basketball; they must have finished their homework.
/ The road is wet. It must have rained last night.
4. Why must it rain on Sunday? / Why must you always interrupt me?
/ The car must break down when we were able to start off.
/ ---who is the girl standing over there ? ---Well, if you______ know , her name is Mable.
A. may
B. can
C. must
D. Shall
/ —Can I borrow your lap-tap computer? —Well…, ________.
A if you need
B if you must
C if you can
D if you should
A. may
B. can D. should
例1、must 表示必须、必要, must have to则表示客观多一些。

回答must引出的问句时, 如果是否定的回答, 不能用mustn't, 而要用needn't或don't have to。

例2、mustn't 表禁止；（口语中可用can't替换）。

例3、must 表示推测时, 只能用于肯定句。

(其否定式、疑问式用can/ could)
例4、表示“偏要”“硬要”。

表示说话人对句子主语所发出的动作或行为是不希望的、不满的甚至是生气的。

通常指令人不愉快的事情。

还常常形成“if you must know…”；
动词原形；但need 还可当作实义动词使用，可用于任何句型中，这时就象其它行为动词一样，有第三人称，单复数，后面加带to 的动词，变否定和疑问要借助助动词do/does/did 等。

1. ---Need I attend the meeting tomorrow? ---Yes, you must.(No, you needn't / don't have to.)
/ You need not hand in the paper this week.
2. ---Did he need to go to work yesterday?
--No, he didn't. It was Sunday yesterday. He didn't need to go to work.
/ She needs a necklace.
3. My computer doesn’t work; it needs/ wants/ requires/ demands repairing/ to be repaired
/ repairs.
E.g. The garden _____ for a few days.
A.doesn't need be watered
B.doesn't need watering
C.needn't water
D.needn't being watered
E.doesn't need to be watered
4. They didn't need to come here.他们不必来这儿（实际也没来）。

/ —James didn't turn up last night, did he?
—No. He _______. We had changed our plan.
A.shouldn't have come
B.needn't have come
C.didn't need to come
D.needn't come
5. They needn't have come here.他们本来不必来这儿（但是实际来了）
/ I am glad that you have managed to come. You ____ have bought wine. We've got plenty.
A.wouldn't
B.couldn't
C.mustn't
D.needn't
例1、need “需要”，作为情态动词使用，在否定式或疑问句中；
例2、need作实义动词使用；
例3、need作实义动词使用;主语是物时，表示“某物需要被……”。

其句型为“sth.+need+doing/ to be done / 名词（短语）”；
例4、5、didn't need to 和needn't have done 的区别(都是关于过去的动作)：前者表示过去没有必要做某事,实际上也没有做某事；
后者表示“（过去）本没必要做某事而实际上做了”，做了不该做的事情。

6. The little girl dare not speak in public.
/ Dare you catch the little cat?
7. Do you dare to walk in the dark?
/ He doesn't dare (to) tell the teacher what happened that day.
例6、dare “敢”，作情态动词、后接动词原形；多用在否定或疑问句中。

例7、dare 除用作情态动词外，更多的是当实义动词使用，后接带to的不定式；
用法同实义动词一样，要考虑人称，单复数，时态等。

但否定句中，to可省可不省。

欣赏例句：
1）I wonder how he that to the teacher.
A. dare to say
B. dare saying
C. not dare say
D. dared say
2）I wonder how she the drunken sailor the other day.
A. dare fighting off
B. dared fight off
C. dare to fight off
D. dared fighting off 3）He was not brave. He ____ jump down from a very tall wall.
A.dare not
B.dared not
C.dares not
D.dare not to
※重点掌握“情态动词+完成式”的两种用法（注意"情态动词+动词的完成形式"所表达的
1. He didn't take part in the competition, he _______ though.
A. won
B. didn't win
C. could win
2.You ________. There was plenty of time.
A. needn't hurry
B. can't hurry
C. mustn't have hurried
3. You _______ me earlier. I could have helped you.
C. need to tell
D. needn't have told
4. You ____ him so closely; you should have kept your distance.
A. shouldn't follow
B. mustn't follow
C. couldn't have been following
5. You ______ even though you were busy at that time.
A. might help him
B. must have helped him
D. should help him
6. If you had been more careful, you have made so many mistakes.
A. won't D. mustn't
<2> 表达推测用法.
1. —There’s someone outside. Who ______ it be?
—It _____ be Mary. She promised to come over at 8:00.
A. must; must C. shall; may D. may; can
2. —Someone is knocking at the door. Who ______ it be?
— It ______ be Tom. He is still in the school.
B. can, mustn't
C. might, could
D. might, may
3. —____ the man there be our new teacher?
— He _____ be, but I'm not sure.
A. May, mustn't C. Must, can't D. Can, can't
4. Tom is late. What _____ to him?
A. should have happened
B. must have happened
D. would have happened
5. He _____ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by the seaside.
A. should C. wouldn’t D. can’t
6. —Are you coming to Jeff’s party?
—I’m not sure. I ____go to the concert instead.
A. must
B. would
C. should
7. --- Is John coming by train?
--- He should, but he _____ not. He likes driving his car.
A. must
B. can
C. need
※must句式的反意疑问句的回答语特色；尤其在表推测的情况下：
应注意以下习惯搭配：
①must 作“必须”解时，反意疑问句中重复must。

All the children must respect their parents, mustn’t they？孩子必须尊敬父母，对吗？
②must 作“有必要”解时，反意疑问句中用need 。

We must tell her the truth, needn’t we？我们现在有必要告诉她实情，对吗？
③“must be ”表示推测时，反意疑问句用be 的适当形式。

You must be thirsty, aren’t you？你一定渴了，是吗？
④“must have done ”表示推测时，附加疑问句一般用have 或has;(被动用was/were),但
是有明确表示过去的时间状语（before 除外）时，反意疑问句用过去时态。

He must have finished the work, hasn’t he？
He must have gone abroad last week, didn’t he？
You must have been told about it that day, weren’t you？
⑤mustn’t 表示“禁止，不允许”时，反意疑问句一般用may 。

The children mustn’t play with fire, may they？
也可以用must。

We mustn’t be late, must / may we？我们不可以迟到，对吗？
e.g. Model V. + have done 是对过去或人生经历所作推测，
反意问句应作为一般过去时或现在完成时处理。

1. You must have seen the film yesterday, __________you?
2. He can’t have missed the train then, __________ he?
3. She must have been to the Great Wall, __________ she?
4. They may have lived here for a long time, __________ they?
5. He must have been punished just now, __________ he?
(1. didn't; 2. did 3. hasn't; 4. haven't ; 5.wasn't )
※ought “应当；应该”，后面跟带有to 的动词不定式。

1.You ought to read these books if you want to know how to repair the motorcar.
/ You ought to bring the child here. 你应该把孩子带来。

2. ought + to have done句型。

指过去动作,表示一件事情该做而未做。

You ought to have been here yesterday.
ought not to have done句型。

表示一件不该做的事情却做了。

You ought not to have taken the book out of the reading-room.
※used to的用法
表过去习惯的动作或状态，现在不复存在或不复发生。

疑问式和否定有两种，
He used to live in the countryside. / I usedn't / (didn't use) to smoke.
Used you / (Did you use)to go to school on foot?
※have got to/had better的用法
I have got to leave now.=I have to leave now. / You had better (not) stay at home.。