贝多芬 英文简介

贝多芬 英文简介
贝多芬 英文简介

Well, it seems that many geniuses are a little crazy. He also had strange personal habits such as wearing filthy clothing while washing compulsively.

Yes, but besides these problems he worked very well, and wrote many things. His father taught him in the beginning, but unfortunately he was an alcoholic and beat him.

Well, there's no wonder he went crazy.

Luckily, Beethoven's talent was soon noticed by others. That's when his career lifed off. We talk about his career in periods: the early, middle and late periods. In his early period he emulated Haydn and Mozart, his middle period began shortly after he found he was going deaf. So this is when we start to see large-scale works expressing heroism and struggle. These include many of the most famous works of classical music.

Yes, then his late period is greatly admired for intellectual depth and intense, highly personal expression. He stopped composing in 1826.

Ludwig van Beethoven was one of the greatest composers of all time. Much of his music was filled with great joy. Unfortunately, Beethoven’s life wasn’t filled with joy or happiness. Ludwig van Beethoven was born in 1770 in Bonn, Germany. He had a difficult and miserable childhood. His father, Johann, was a musician for the king. Johann started to give Ludwig piano lessons before he was four years old. Ludwig was so small that he had to stand on the piano seat to reach the piano. When Johann saw how quickly Ludwig learned, he knew his son had talent. He was determined to make Ludwig into a concert perfo rmer, and he was very demanding. He hit Ludwig’s hand when he made a mistake

and often woke him up in the middle of the night to make him play for friends. Ludwig continued to study, and, in 1782, he became the assistant organist for the king. He was only 12 years old!

Around this time, Beethoven began composing and publishing music. He used the money that he earned to help take care of his family. His father had a lot of problems and could not support them. When Beethoven was about sixteen, he went to Vienna to study. This was every musician’s dream. While he was there, he played for many important people, including the famous composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. When Mozart heard him, he told his friends, “Keep your eyes on him. Someday he will give the worl d something to talk about. ”

Soon after Beethoven arrived in Vienna, his mother died. He loved her very much and he was very upset by the news. In fact, he was devastated. Beethoven moved back to Bonn to help care for his younger brothers and sister. He made money by performing and giving music lessons. In 1790, Beethoven returned to Vienna. He studied for a short time with Austrian composer Joseph Haydn. Haydn was an older man and did not have the patience to teach the independent, young Beethoven. Several years later, Beethoven decided to stay and live in Vienna because all the great musicians at that time lived there. He gave many concerts and continued to compose music.

Most of the well-known composers of that time worked for wealthy families. Beethoven was too independent and rebellious to work for anyone else, so he worked for himself. He was the first great composer to do this. His love of independence also showed in his music. Unfortunately, when Beethoven was in his late twenties, a terrible thing happened

to him. He began to lose his hearing. Eventually, he would be completely deaf. Beethoven was very angry and upset by this. Sometimes he broke the strings on his piano because he hit the keys so hard to hear the notes.

Music was the most importa nt thing in Beethoven’s life and his loss of hearing tortured him. But inside his head, the music continued to play. He continued to compose music, but it was difficult for him to perform in public. His last public performance was very emotional. When Beethoven was finished conducting, the audience began to applaud. But Beethoven continued to conduct because he could not hear the people applauding. Finally, one of the musicians turned him toward the audience. Now he could see how much they loved his music. He started to cry.

Beethoven was a brilliant composer, but a difficult man. He was selfish and he treated people badly. His music was so beautiful that some people cried when they heard it. He laughed at this, and thought they were stupid. Before he lost his hearing, he would walk away if people talked while he was playing. If he did not like an audience, he didn’t perform at all. He could also be quite insulting. He wrote a song called “Praise to the Fat One, ” for a violinist who was overweight. Beethov en was not very attractive himself. He was short and he let his hair grow long and wild. But he knew it, and made jokes about it. Beethoven was also a wild and bad-tempered person, especially in restaurants. Once he got so mad at a waiter that he emptied a plate of food on the waiter’s head. Then he laughed loudly, as he always did. Sometimes he wrote music on the bill and then left without paying. Beethoven probably went to a lot of restaurants because he was a terrible cook. He loved macaroni and cheese, a soup made of bread and eggs, and red herring,

which is a type of fish. He liked to make strong coffee and counted exactly 60 beans to the cup.

Beethoven usually worked early in the morning. But sometimes he stayed up all night and worked without eating or sleeping. He poured water over his head to help him stay awake, but he never cleaned it up. His room was a mess. There were dirty clothes, old pens, plates of food, and papers everywhere. His room was so dirty that all his landlords made him move. Beethoven himself was not very clean either. He wore the same clothes until they were so dirty that his friends had to throw them out. They usually did this while Beethoven was sleeping. They left new clothes in place of the old ones, but he never noticed. He was too busy writing music.

Naturally Beethoven never got married. Who would want him? He fell in love many times, however, and asked several women to marry him. Most of the women were engaged or already married. He never had children of his own, but h e helped to raise his brother’s son after his brother died.

People do not think about all these things when they hear the name Beethoven. People remember the incredible beauty of his music. They also remember that he helped to make classical music popular and respected around the world. Beethoven died in Vienna in 1827 when he was 57. Over 20,000 people came to his funeral. The great composer Franz Schubert helped to carry Beethoven’s coffin. Schubert said that when he died, he wanted to be buried in Vienna, next to Beethoven. Sadly, Schubert died a year later, at the age of 32. He was buried next to Beethoven.

贝多芬 英文简介

Well, it seems that many geniuses are a little crazy. He also had strange personal habits such as wearing filthy clothing while washing compulsively. Yes, but besides these problems he worked very well, and wrote many things. His father taught him in the beginning, but unfortunately he was an alcoholic and beat him. Well, there's no wonder he went crazy. Luckily, Beethoven's talent was soon noticed by others. That's when his career lifed off. We talk about his career in periods: the early, middle and late periods. In his early period he emulated Haydn and Mozart, his middle period began shortly after he found he was going deaf. So this is when we start to see large-scale works expressing heroism and struggle. These include many of the most famous works of classical music. Yes, then his late period is greatly admired for intellectual depth and intense, highly personal expression. He stopped composing in 1826. Ludwig van Beethoven was one of the greatest composers of all time. Much of his music was filled with great joy. Unfortunately, Beethoven’s life wasn’t filled with joy or happiness. Ludwig van Beethoven was born in 1770 in Bonn, Germany. He had a difficult and miserable childhood. His father, Johann, was a musician for the king. Johann started to give Ludwig piano lessons before he was four years old. Ludwig was so small that he had to stand on the piano seat to reach the piano. When Johann saw how quickly Ludwig learned, he knew his son had talent. He was determined to make Ludwig into a concert perfo rmer, and he was very demanding. He hit Ludwig’s hand when he made a mistake

人物传记 英文 贝多芬知识分享

人物传记英文贝多 芬

精品文档 Beethoven Beethoven was a German composer. He is generally regarded as one of the greatest composers in the history of music, and was the predominant figure in the transitional period between the Classical and Romantic eras. His music is world-famous and he was known as the “Le Saint”. His music includes 9 symphonies,5 piano concertos ,a violin concerto,32 piano sonatas, several other sonatas,2 Masses ,and an opera. Beethoven was born in the Rhine not far from the French town-Bonn. He was born in a musical family, his grandfather is the head of Bonn court orchestra and his father is a tenor singer. But he was poor and his alcoholic father often abused him. He had already exposed his musical talent when he was a child. At the age of eight, he gave his first public piano performance. And he began to compose at the age of ten. Life has ups and downs. He has had twenty famous works by the age of twenty-five. But he began to have ear problems when he was 26 years old, and he became a deaf completely in his late twenties. Because of the fond of music and strong will, he did not give up music even in his deafness period. As he used to say,” I will take fate by the throat.” During the lifetime of the Beethoven, he had created countless beautiful melodies that left a deep impression on the people from all over the world. But his attitude towards the difficulties also is known to world, which inspires countless people to overcome difficulties. His life is like one day thunderstorm days. First morning of a bright and clean water, only a few isolated idle breeze , but in the still air, a faint threat of heavy premonition, then all of a sudden huge shadow volume, the solemn roar of thunder, full of the terrible silence of the sound. 收集于网络,如有侵权请联系管理员删除

贝多芬英文语录

贝多芬英文语录 1、当我最孤独的时候,也就是我最不孤独的时候。 When I am loneliest, that is when I am not alone. 2、一个人看海,让心远离浮躁,这是一个智慧生命所能享受的最好的休闲。 A person looks at the sea and keeps the heart away from impetuosity. This is the best leisure that intelligent life can enjoy. 3、友谊的基础在于两个人的心肠和灵魂有着最大的相似。 The foundation of friendship lies in the similarity between two people's hearts and souls. 4、牺牲,永远牺牲你的艺术和一切人生的愚昧!艺术,是高于万物的神! Sacrifice, always sacrifice your art and all life's ignorance! Art is God above all things. 5、苦难是人生最好的老师。 Suffering is the best teacher in life. 6、我要扼住命运的咽喉,它妄想使我屈服,这绝对办不到。 I will seize the throat of my fate, and it will make me submit to it. 7、卓越的人一大优点:在不利与艰难的遭遇里百折不挠。 One of the great strengths of outstanding people is perseverance in adverse and difficult situations. 8、最美的事,莫过于接近上帝,把祂的光芒撒播于人间。 The most beautiful thing is to get close to God and spread his light in the world. 9、真正的友谊,只能基于相近性情的结合。 True friendship can only be based on the combination of similar temperament. 10、不要懒懒散散地虚度生命。 Don't idle away your life. 11、信不信当灵感向我说话时我想到的是一把圣琴,我把它的口授听写下来? Believe it or not, when I was inspired to speak to me, I thought of a holy piano, which I dictated. 12、生活这样美好,活它一辈子吧! Life is so beautiful, live it all your life! 13、赢得名声的艺术家常为此受苦,因此,通常他们的最佳。 Artists who win fame often suffer because of this, so they are usually the best. 14、我们的时代需要坚强的心灵去鞭策那些可悲的人们。 Our times need a strong heart to drive those miserable people. 15、智慧,勤劳和天才,高于显贵和富有。 Wisdom, diligence and genius are above fame and wealth. 16、患难中支持我的是道德,使我不曾自杀的,除了艺术以外也是道德。 It is morality that supports me in adversity, so that I do not commit suicide. Besides art, it is also morality.

京剧英语介绍

京剧英语介绍 ●Beijing Opera is very popular in China. It has a history of more than 200 years. During the reign of the Qianlong emperor in the Qing dynasty, Qianlong had a interest in the local opera. In 1790, to celebrate his eightieth birthday, he summoned opera troupes (戏班)from different places to perform for him in Beijing. ●Four famous troupes from Anhui province remained in Beijing after the celebration. In 1828, A Hubei troupe came to Beijing and often performed together with the Anhui troupes. The two types of singing mixed together and gradually a new type came into being known as Beijing Opera. ●Beijing Opera is a comprehensive performing arts. That is, sing (唱), read (念) and do (作), fight (打), dance (舞). ●Beijing opera types of facial makeup in operas, is a special feature of a national cosmetic. As each historical figure or a certain type of person has an approximate spectral type, like sing, play music to the music, so called “types of facial makeup in operas”. On the types of facial makeup in operas sources, the general view is from mask. ●Red has expressed his Warriors(勇士) of strong types of facial makeup in operas such as Guan Yu ●Black said thetypes of facial makeup in operas ming criticized(刚烈) people, integrity(正 直), bravery and even reckless(鲁莽), such as Zhang Fei ●Yellow types of facial makeup in operas that vicious brutality(凶狠残暴), such as Dian Wei ●Blue or green types of facial makeup in operas that some of the figures represented irritable(粗豪暴躁), such as Dou Ambassador(窦尔敦、), Ma Wu (马武) ●General treacherous (奸诈的)court official said the types of facial makeup in operas white, bad guys, such as Xu jia ●Mr. Mei Lanfang,the master of Peking Opera,Mei Lanfang is good at playing the role of women in Beijing operas, called “Dan”. ●Mei’s masterpiece plays Farewell My Concubine (霸王别姬) The Drunken Concubine (贵妃 醉酒) Re-commanding the Army (穆桂英挂帅) Scattering Flowers (天女散花) Eternal Regret (长恨歌) ●Mr. Mei increased international communication between China and other countries as the forerunner who spreads Beijing opera abroad.

Beethoven 贝多芬英文简介

Q: We all know about thatmusicis the most important thing in your life, and you devoted your heart and soul into music.You never stopped writing music, even though you lost your hearing.isn’t it? A:yes, music is the only thing that I pursue in my whole lifetime. I usually worked early in the morning. However, sometimes I stayed up andworked without sleeping. Q:I have heard that you have put your head in cold water to keep your mind awake so as to carry on working.That’s crazy! I think this high intensity of work will have a bad effect on your health condition and normal life. A: well that’s true. In addition to composition, I don’t have time to do other things. So my room is a mess. There were dirty clothes, old pens, plates of food, and papers everywhere. Sometimes my room is so dirty that all my landlords made me move out. Q:well, as a famous person, setting up a good image is a most important thing, isn’t it? A: I don’t care about that either.Iwear the same clothes until they were too dirty to wear.My friends had to throw them out and bring me the new and cleaned one. They usually did this while I was sleeping. Q:A s the old saying goes, “No pain, no gain.” So addicted in music, you deserve your giant success nowadays!Can you shareyoursecret

贝多芬英文作文

No sad in his life Ludwig van Beethoven, who was born in Bonn, baptized on17th December, 1770. A crucial figure in the transition between the Classical and Romanticeras in Western art music, he remains one of the most famous and influential of all composers. He had the capacity to play the harpsichord when he was four years old, went on stage at the age of eight, and then, acquired a reputation as a music child prodigy. At the age of 10, he learned from Prussia who was the most famous music educator in this time. At the age of 12 he had to serve to the court as an assistant. His best-known compositions include symphonies, piano concertos, and piano sonatas and so on. We know that his great genius but we don't know how much he paid for this great. Once he said Music should strike fire from the heart of man, He is such a love of music, even when he suffered deaf, he insisted on music creation. B was born in a poor family, his father who was his first teacher and was very harsh, and that the child Beethoven, "made to stand at the keyboard, was often in tears," he had many teacher in his young age. But his unfortunate is happened when he was 30years old, which ages been played joke by fate, his hearing became worse, which was the first time for him to write symphony, he got much affect by the Age of Enlightenment, and paid more attention to the performance of inner emotions. Although he suffered a lot, he showed his positive side of life to others, the most impress me is Ode to Joy, which he wrote in this time. He focused on the joy of music instead of painful. He devoted his whole life to create great music. Once he said he will take fate by the throat; it will not bend him completely to its will. He is haughty man in surface, had a side we never know. He was unmarried and no friends in his life, confessed anything alone. The essential organ of musician, he lost, but he accomplished the work more perfect. He had become a public figure, as no composer had done before. Unlike composers of the preceding generation, he had never been a purveyor of music to the nobility he had lived into the age, indeed helped create it, of which the artist as hero and the property of mankind at large. Unluckily, he died in 1827 for headache and high fever, with his unfinished works. Roman Rowland said in his Biography of The Celebrity B is the great man in his heart, for who had changed his pain to joy. To sum up, Beethoven's great, not only is as a musician. He has for life's great anguish and refined beauty of soul; he is the hero of the heart. The performance of his music is the heart of this hero. During his life, it is no more space for sad, nothing but music. If he can do this, why we can’t? Find a worth, and no sad, then go all out, you can be a person as him.

贝多芬名言英文

贝多芬名言英文 1、当我最孤独的时候,也就是我最不孤独的时候。 When I am loneliest, that is when I am not alone. 2、一个人看海,让心远离浮躁,这是一个智慧生命所能享受的最好的休闲。 A person looks at the sea and keeps the heart away from impetuosity. This is the best leisure that intelligent life can enjoy. 3、友谊的基础在于两个人的心肠和灵魂有着最大的相似。 The foundation of friendship lies in the similarity between two people's hearts and souls. 4、牺牲,永远牺牲你的艺术和一切人生的愚昧!艺术,是高于万物的神! Sacrifice, always sacrifice your art and all life's ignorance! Art is God above all things. 5、苦难是人生最好的老师。 Suffering is the best teacher in life. 6、我要扼住命运的咽喉,它妄想使我屈服,这绝对办不到。 I will seize the throat of my fate, and it will make me submit to it. 7、卓越的人一大优点:在不利与艰难的遭遇里百折不挠。 One of the great strengths of outstanding people is perseverance in adverse and difficult situations. 8、最美的事,莫过于接近上帝,把祂的光芒撒播于人间。 The most beautiful thing is to get close to God and spread his light in the world. 9、真正的友谊,只能基于相近性情的结合。 True friendship can only be based on the combination of similar temperament. 10、不要懒懒散散地虚度生命。 Don't idle away your life. 11、信不信当灵感向我说话时我想到的是一把圣琴,我把它的口授听写下来? Believe it or not, when I was inspired to speak to me, I thought of a holy piano, which I dictated. 12、生活这样美好,活它一辈子吧! Life is so beautiful, live it all your life! 13、赢得名声的艺术家常为此受苦,因此,通常他们的最佳。 Artists who win fame often suffer because of this, so they are usually the best. 14、我们的时代需要坚强的心灵去鞭策那些可悲的人们。 Our times need a strong heart to drive those miserable people. 15、智慧,勤劳和天才,高于显贵和富有。 Wisdom, diligence and genius are above fame and wealth. 16、患难中支持我的是道德,使我不曾自杀的,除了艺术以外也是道德。 It is morality that supports me in adversity, so that I do not commit suicide. Besides art, it is also morality.

京剧的发展历程

京剧的发展历程 京剧的形成与发展大体可分为三个阶段:孕育、成型、发展;四个时期:孕育融合期、形成期、成熟期、鼎盛期。 各期时间大体为1780 ----1840年间。1840 ---- 1883年间。1883 ---- 1917年间。1917 年后1860年到1949年,京剧大体经历了三个发展阶段。 京剧的发展分为孕育期、形成期、成熟期、鼎盛期。 孕育期: 徽秦合流 京剧霸王别姬清初,京城戏曲舞台上盛行昆曲与京腔(青阳腔)。乾隆中叶后,昆曲渐而衰落,京腔兴盛取代昆曲一统京城舞台。乾隆四十五年(1780年)秦腔艺人魏长生由川进京。魏氏搭双庆班演出秦腔《滚楼》《背娃进府》等剧。魏长生扮相俊美,噪音甜润,唱腔委婉,做工细腻,一出《滚楼》即轰动京城。双庆班也因此被誉为“京都第一”。自此,京腔开始衰微,京腔六大名班之大成班、王府班、余庆班、裕庆班、萃庆班、保和班也无人过问,纷纷搭入秦腔班谋生。乾隆五十年(1785年),清廷以魏长生的表演有伤风化,明令禁止秦腔在京城演出,将魏长生逐出京城。 乾隆五十五年(1790年),继三庆徽班落脚京城后(班址位于韩家台胡同内),又有四喜、启秀、霓翠、春台、和春、三和、嵩祝、金钰、大景和等班,亦在大栅栏地区落脚演出。其中以三庆、四喜、和春、春台四家名声最盛,故有“四大徽班”之称。…春台班?进京时间,按汉调名家米应先于乾隆末年,在京曾担任…春台班?台柱时始,证明该班进京时间早于…四喜?和…和春?。…春台班?位于百顺胡同。…四喜班?于嘉庆初来京。徽戏、昆曲兼演、尤以昆曲为著,故有“新排一曲桃花扇,到处哄传四喜班”之语。该班位于陕西巷内。…和春班?于嘉庆八年(1804年)于李铁拐斜街组建。该班以武戏见长。道光十三年(1853年)解散。“四大徽班”的演出剧目,表演风格,各有其长,故时有“三庆的轴子、四喜的曲子、和春的把子、春台的孩子”之誉。“四大徽班”除演唱徽调外,昆腔、吹腔、四平调、梆子腔亦用,可谓诸腔并奏。在表演艺术上广征博采吸取诸家剧种之长,融于徽戏之中。兼之演出阵容齐整,上演的剧目丰富,颇受京城观众欢迎。自魏长生被迫离京,秦腔不振,秦腔艺人为了生计,纷纷搭入徽班,形成了徽、秦两腔融合的局面。在徽、秦合流过程中,徽班广泛取纳秦腔的演唱、表演之精和大量的剧本移植,为徽戏艺术进一步发展,创造了有利条件。 徽汉合流 汉剧流行于湖北,其声腔中的二黄、西皮与徽戏有着血缘关系。徽、汉二剧在进京前已有广泛的艺术交融。继乾隆末年,汉剧名家米应先进京后,道光年初(1821年),先后又有著名汉剧老生李六、京剧贵妃醉酒王洪贵、余三胜,小生龙德云等入京,分别搭入徽班春台、和春班演唱。米应先以唱关羽戏著称,三庆班主程长庚的红净戏,皆由米应先所授。李六以《醉写吓蛮书》《扫雪》见长;王洪贵则以《让成都》《击鼓骂曹》而享名;小生龙德云善演《辕门射戟》、《黄鹤楼》等剧;余三胜噪音醇厚,唱腔优美,文武兼备,以演《定军山》、《四郎探母》《当锏卖马》《碰碑》等老生剧目著称。汉剧演员搭入徽班后,将声腔曲调,表演技能,演出剧目溶于徽戏之中,使徽戏的唱腔板式日趋丰富完善,唱法、念白更具北京地区语音特点,而易于京人接受。道光二十五年(1845年)各大名班,均为老生担

英语故事-Ludwig van Beethoven (1)

英语故事 Ludwig van Beethoven (1) 音乐巨人贝多芬的生平简介(一) Ludwig van Beethoven (1)Musicologists usually break up the great Ludwig van Beethoven’s career into three periods: early, middle, and late. But to add a touch more flavor, you could call them the “I’m young and getting my feet wet” period, followed by the “Since I’m going deaf, I’m gonna get wacky and break some rules”period, and finally the glorious, isolated-by-deafness, “There are no external influences, all resources come from within” period. Life Ludwig van Beethoven was born on December 16, 1770 in Bonn, Germany, and baptized on December 17. Interestingly enough, till his 40th year Beethoven suffered from what is famous as his “birth-year delusion”—he claimed to have been born in 1772.

贝多芬 英语故事

Beethoven Beethoven on December 16, 1770 was born in Bonn, Germany. Father was the local court choir tenor, unsuccessfully, alcoholic life; mother was the daughter of the palace chefs, a kind gentle woman, married life much torture, in the age of 17 have died of Beethoven. Beethoven was 7 the first two children, premature death due to elder brother, the eldest son of Beethoven actually become. The first time his mother to marry a servant, widow, married after the change of Beethoven's father. Beethoven's life difficult in school right away, he showed musical talent at an early age, so that his father had wanted him to become a musical prodigy's desire to become his cash cow. He cursed at Beethoven, Beethoven forces since the age from 4 to practice all day long endless harpsichord and violin. Beethoven debut at age 8, a huge success, known as a second Mozart. Apprentice at the organist Nifu then began to study composition. Published the first piece 11 years old "Piano Variations." 13 years old to participate in the court orchestra, pianist Ren Fengqin and ancient divisions. Began to follow the 1787 Vienna of Mozart, Haydn, who studied composition. In 1800, after his first victory, a

贝多芬小故事(中英版)

Fidelio, unsuccessful at its premiere, was twice revised by Beethoven [?beit?uv?n] and his librettists[li?bretist] 剧本作者and successful in its final version of 1814. Here there is more emphasis [?emf?sis] on the moral force of the story. It deals not only with freedom and justice, and heroism, but also with married love, and in the character of the heroine Leonore [?li:?n?:] ,Beethoven's lofty, idealized image of womanhood is to be seen. He did not find it in real life he fell in love several times, usually with aristocratic [??rist??kr?tik] 贵族的pupils (some of them married), and each time was either rejected or saw that the woman did not match his ideals. In 1812, however, he wrote a passionate love-letter to an 'Eternally [i?t?:n?li] 永恒地Beloved' (probably Antonie Brentano, a Viennese married to a Frankfurt businessman), but probably the letter was never sent. 费德里奥在其首演成功,两次修订了贝多芬和他的librettists并在其1814年的最后文本成功。这里有更多关于这个故事的道德力量的重视。它不仅涉及与自由和正义,英雄主义,而且与已婚的爱,在女主人公莱奥诺尔,贝多芬的崇高,理想形象的女性气质性格待观察。他还没有找到它在实际生活中,他几次恋爱,与贵族学生(其中一些已婚超标),每一次都被拒绝或看到,女人不匹配他的理想。1812年,但是,他写了一份热爱,给一个'永恒宠儿'(可能是安东尼布伦塔诺,一个娶了维也纳法兰克福商人),但可能永远不会发送这封信。 Loss of hearing Around 1796, Beethoven began to lose his hearing. He suffered a severe form of tinnitus, [ti?nait?s] 耳鸣a "ringing" in his ears that made it hard for him to perceive [p??si:v] 感觉and appreciate music; he also avoided conversation. The cause of Beethoven's deafness is unknown, but it has variously been attributed to syphilis, lead poisoning, typhus, auto-immune disorder (such as systemic lupus erythematosus), and even his habit of immersing his head in cold water to stay awake. The explanation, from the autopsy of the time, is that he had a "distended inner ear" which developed lesions over time. Due to the high levels of lead found in samples of Beethoven's hair, that hypothesis has been extensively analyzed. While the likelihood of lead poisoning is very high, the deafness associated with it seldom takes the form that Beethoven exhibited. 大约1796年,贝多芬开始失去了听觉。[49]他遭受了耳鸣严重的,是“在他的耳边响起”,使得他很难看待和欣赏音乐,他也避免交谈。在贝多芬的失聪的原因不明,但它variously被归因于梅毒,铅中毒,斑疹伤寒,自动免疫疾病(如系统性红斑狼疮),甚至他的习惯,在冷水中浸泡他的头,才能保持清醒。从当时的验尸解释是,他有一个“内耳膨胀”的发展随着时间的推移病变。由于在贝多芬的头发样本中发现铅质高的水平,这一假设进行了广泛分析。虽然铅中毒的可能性非常高,与此相关的耳聋很少,并认为贝多芬表现形式。

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