2013级研究生第一学期期末试题复习范围(A.B班)

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2013年全国硕士研究生入学考试

2013年全国硕士研究生入学考试湖北师范学院自命题考试科目考试大纲（科目名称：电子技术基础科目代码：819）一、考查目标《电子技术基础》考试内容包括《模拟电子技术》与《数字电子技术》两部分，要求考生系统掌握电子技术基础课程的基本知识、基础理论和基本方法，并能运用相关理论和方法分析、解决实际问题。

《模拟电子技术》部分考查学生对模拟电路基础理论和基本知识的掌握情况。

《数字电子技术》部分考查学生对数字电路基础理论和基本知识的掌握情况。

二、考试形式与试卷结构（一）试卷成绩及考试时间本试卷满分为150分，考试时间180分钟。

（二）答题方式答题方式为闭卷、笔试。

（三）试卷内容结构各部分内容所占分值为：1、模拟电子技术约75分；2、数字电子技术约75分。

（四）试卷题型结构1、选择题：10小题，共20分；2、填空题：10小题, 共20分；3、判断题：10小题，共20分；4、简答题：6小题，共30分；5、分析计算题：6小题，共60分。

（五）主要参考书目华中科技大学康华光教授主编，《电子技术基础》（第五版），高等教育出版社，2006年。

三、考查范围模拟电子技术(一)绪论1、电子系统的基本概念及组成。

2、信号的分类方法及放大电路的分类。

3、放大电路的主要性能指标。

(二)运算放大器1、理想运算放大器的特点及分析方法。

2、虚短、虚断的概念，并能熟练地运用虚短和虚断分析基本线性运放电路。

(三)二极管及其基本电路1、半导体材料的基本结构及PN结的形成。

2、PN结的单向导电原理及击穿特性。

3、二极管、稳压管的V—I特性及其基本应用。

(四)双极结型三极管及放大电路基础1、三极管的工作原理、特性曲线及其主要参数。

2、用估算法和图解法求静态工作点。

3、静态工作点与非线性失真的关系。

4、用小信号模型分析法求解放大电路的动态指标5、三极管放大电路的三种组态的结构及其性能特点。

6、放大电路的频率响应的基本概念。

(五)场效应管放大电路1、结型、绝缘栅型场效应管的工作原理、特性曲线及参数。

2013年研究生入学考试数学(一)考试大纲

2013考研数学（一）考试大纲考试科目：高等数学、线性代数、概率论与数理统计考试形式和试卷结构一、试卷满分及考试时间试卷满分为150分，考试时间为180分钟．二、答题方式答题方式为闭卷、笔试．三、试卷内容结构高等教学约56％线性代数约22%概率论与数理统计22％四、试卷题型结构试卷题型结构为：单选题 8小题，每题4分，共32分填空题 6小题，每题4分，共24分解答题（包括证明题） 9小题，共94分高等数学一、函数、极限、连续考试内容函数的概念及表示法函数的有界性、单调性、周期性和奇偶性复合函数、反函数、分段函数和隐函数基本初等函数的性质及其图形初等函数函数关系的建立数列极限与函数极限的定义及其性质函数的左极限与右极限无穷小量和无穷大量的概念及其关系无穷小量的性质及无穷小量的比较极限的四则运算极限存在的两个准则：单调有界准则和夹逼准则两个重要极限:0sin lim 1x x x →= 1lim 1xx e x →∞⎛⎫+= ⎪⎝⎭ 函数连续的概念函数间断点的类型初等函数的连续性闭区间上连续函数的性质考试要求1．理解函数的概念，掌握函数的表示法，会建立应用问题的函数关系.2．了解函数的有界性、单调性、周期性和奇偶性．3．理解复合函数及分段函数的概念，了解反函数及隐函数的概念．4．掌握基本初等函数的性质及其图形，了解初等函数的概念.5．理解极限的概念，理解函数左极限与右极限的概念以及函数极限存在与左、右极限之间的关系．6．掌握极限的性质及四则运算法则.7．掌握极限存在的两个准则，并会利用它们求极限，掌握利用两个重要极限求极限的方法．8．理解无穷小量、无穷大量的概念，掌握无穷小量的比较方法，会用等价无穷小量求极限．9．理解函数连续性的概念（含左连续与右连续），会判别函数间断点的类型．10．了解连续函数的性质和初等函数的连续性，理解闭区间上连续函数的性质（有界性、最大值和最小值定理、介值定理），并会应用这些性质．二、一元函数微分学考试内容导数和微分的概念导数的几何意义和物理意义函数的可导性与连续性之间的关系平面曲线的切线和法线导数和微分的四则运算基本初等函数的导数复合函数、反函数、隐函数以及参数方程所确定的函数的微分法高阶导数一阶微分形式的不变性微分中值定理洛必达（L ’Hospital ）法则函数单调性的判别函数的极值函数图形的凹凸性、拐点及渐近线函数图形的描绘函数的最大值和最小值弧微分曲率的概念曲率圆与曲率半径考试要求1.理解导数和微分的概念，理解导数与微分的关系，理解导数的几何意义，会求平面曲线的切线方程和法线方程，了解导数的物理意义，会用导数描述一些物理量，理解函数的可导性与连续性之间的关系．2．掌握导数的四则运算法则和复合函数的求导法则，掌握基本初等函数的导数公式．了解微分的四则运算法则和一阶微分形式的不变性，会求函数的微分．3．了解高阶导数的概念，会求简单函数的高阶导数．4．会求分段函数的导数，会求隐函数和由参数方程所确定的函数以及反函数的导数.5．理解并会用罗尔(Rolle)定理、拉格朗日(Lagrange)中值定理和泰勒(Taylor)定理，了解并会用柯西(Cauchy)中值定理．6．掌握用洛必达法则求未定式极限的方法．7．理解函数的极值概念，掌握用导数判断函数的单调性和求函数极值的方法，掌握函数最大值和最小值的求法及其应用．8．会用导数判断函数图形的凹凸性（注：在区间(,)a b 内，设函数()f x 具有二阶导数。

2013年全国硕士研究生入学

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试语文课程与教学论考试大纲目录Ⅰ考查目标 (2)Ⅱ考试形式和试卷结构 (2)Ⅲ考查内容 (2)Ⅳ题型示例及参考答案 (4)Ⅰ考查目标语文课程与教学论教育硕士入学考试科目“语文课程与教学论”考试内容包括语文教育史、语文课程论、语文教学论和语文教师论等四个主要部分。

要求考生系统掌握语文课程与教学论的基本知识、基础理论和基本方法，并能运用相关理论和方法分析、解决语文教育实际问题。

Ⅱ考试形式和试卷结构一、试卷满分及考试时间本试卷满分为150分，考试时间为180分钟。

二、答题方式答题方式为闭卷、笔试。

三、试卷内容结构总分为150分，各部分内容所占分值为：语文教育史约20分语文课程论约40分语文教学论约60分语文教师论约30分四、试卷题型结构名词解释题4小题，每小题5分，共20分简答题 4小题，每小题10分，共40分分析题 1小题，每小题15分，共15分实践操作题1小题，每小题25分，共25分论述题1小题，每小题50分，共50分Ⅲ考查内容语文教育史【考查目标】1．理解语文课程发展历史轨迹，掌握中国古代语文教育和现代语文教育概况。

2．熟记语文教育家的观点、著作，影响。

3．理清现代语文课程、教材、教学的发展历程。

一、中国古代语文教育概述（一）中国古代语文课程（二）中国古代语文教材（三）中国古代语文教学（四）中国古代语文教育家（五）中国古代语文教育论著二、中国现代语文教育概述（一）中国现代语文课程（二）中国现代语文教材（三）中国现代语文教学（四）中国现代语文教育家（五）中国现代语文教育论著语文课程论【考查目标】1．系统掌握语文课程的性质、特点与价值。

2．理解语文课程目标，掌握语文课程标准。

3．熟悉语文课程的内容、资源，掌握教材编写理论。

4．了解我国语文教材的发展过程与特点。

一、语文课程性质（一）语文课程的含义（二）语文课程的特点（三）语文课程的价值二、语文课程目标（一）语文课程目标概述（二）义务教育阶段语文课程目标（三）普通高中阶段语文课程目标三、语文课程标准（一）语文课程标准的历史沿革（二）语文课程标准的基本理念（三）语文课程标准的内容结构四、语文课程内容（一）语文课程内容概述（二）语文课程内容的选择五、语文教材的编制（一）语文教材的内涵与功能（二）语文教材编制的新理念及构成要素（三）语文教材的结构类型六、语文新课程教科书评介（一）小学语文新课程教科书评介（二）初中语文新课程教科书评介（三）高中语文新课程教科书评介七、语文课程资源（一）语文课程资源概述（二）语文课程资源的开发与利用（三）语文地方课程与校本课程语文教学论【考查目标】1．全面掌握语文教学的基本理论知识，包括教学设计；2．了解和掌握语文识字写字教学、阅读教学、写作教学的过程与方法；3．熟练地进行语文教学设计、说课与评价。

2013年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题B卷

2013年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（B）卷********************************************************************************************学科、专业名称：护理学研究方向：考试科目名称：308护理综合考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。

一.名词解释（每词4分，共32分）(1) 角色（2）造血干细胞移植 (3) 胰岛素抵抗 (4) 静息痛（5）假性尿失禁（6）胎先露（7）功能失调性子宫出血（8）计划免疫二．选择题：A型题(每小题2分，共84分。

每一道试题下面有A、B、C、D、E五个备选答案，请从中选择一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上写出相应题号和正确答案。

）1.为肝昏迷病人灌肠时,不易选用肥皂水溶液,其原因是A.防止发生腹胀B.防止对肠黏膜的刺激C.减少氨的产生及吸收D.以免引起顽固性腹泻E.防止发生酸中毒2.输液中发生肺水肿时吸氧需用 50%~70% 的酒精湿化，其目的是A.使病人呼吸道湿润B.使痰液稀薄，易吐出C.消毒吸入的氧气D.降低肺泡表面张力E.降低肺泡泡沫表面张力3.生物学死亡的特征是A.循环停止B.呼吸停止C.各种反射消失D.神志不清E.尸斑出现4.腰穿后6小时内去枕平卧的目的A.预防脑压升高B.预防脑压降低C.预防脑缺血D.预防脑部感染E.有利于脑部血液循环5.有关呕血与黑便的叙述，下列哪项是正确的A.呕血一般不伴黑便B.黑便一定伴呕血C.上消化道出血只有呕血D.下消化道出血仅有黑便E.出血量至少在5ml以上才会有黑便6.从左心衰竭发展到全心衰竭时，下列哪项可减轻A.发绀B.颈静脉怒张C.下肢水肿D.呼吸困难E.肝肿大7.患者男性，60岁，因疑为肺癌而做支纤镜检查，术后病人立即要求喝水，被护士劝阻，理由是这样做会引起A.喷嚏B.咳嗽C.呕吐D.呃逆E.误吸8.对呼吸衰竭的患者采用低流量、低浓度吸氧的目的A.保持缺氧对呼吸中枢的刺激作用B.保持缺氧对颈动脉窦、主动脉体化学感受器的刺激作用C.保持CO2对呼吸中枢的刺激作用D.保持CO2对颈动脉窦、主动脉体化学感受器的刺激作用E.纠正缺氧9.关于呼吸衰竭分类，正确的说法是A.I型呼吸衰竭：仅有缺氧，无CO2潴留，PaCO2降低或正常B.I型呼吸衰竭：PaO2＞60mmHg，无CO2潴留，PaCO2降低或正常C.II型呼吸衰竭：PaO2＞60mmHg，无CO2潴留，PaCO2降低或正常D.II型呼吸衰竭：PaO2＜60mmHg，无CO2潴留，PaCO2降低或正常E.II型呼吸衰竭：PaO2＞60mmHg，有CO2潴留10.高血压治疗的控制目标，正确的是A.高血压病人血压应降到130/90mmHg以下B.高血压合并糖尿病者应降到130/80 mmHg以下C.高血压合并慢性肾脏病变者应降到120/80 mmHg以下D.老年收缩期性高血压应使收缩压降到130～140mmHgE.老年人舒张压应低于80 mmHg11.做尿培养和菌落计数时，正确的护理应是A.收集标本前用消毒液充分清洗外阴部B.留取在膀胱内停留有6~8h的尿液C.留取初始尿液置于清洁容器内D.应取患者停用抗菌药物后第3天的尿液E.若尿标本不能立即送检时应加适量防腐剂12.白血病细胞浸润所致骨病，下列哪项最为显著A.颅骨疼痛B.胸骨疼痛C.锁骨疼痛D.肋骨疼痛E.四肢关节痛13.与甲状腺功能亢进症表现无关的是A.甲状腺肿大B.浸润性突眼C.表情淡漠D.肌病E.心动过缓14.哪项指标对判断糖尿病控制好坏最佳A.空腹血糖B.糖化血红蛋白C.24h尿糖定量测定D.口服糖耐量试验E.胰岛素释放试验15.鉴别I型和Ⅱ型糖尿病最好的指标是A.空腹血糖B.尿糖C.糖化血红蛋白D.葡萄糖耐量试验E.胰岛素释放试验16.蛛网膜下腔出血患者不应出现A.剧烈头痛B.频繁呕吐C.一侧肢体瘫痪D.脑膜刺激征E.一过性意识障碍17.脑出血最常见的原因是A.颅内动脉瘤B.高血压及动脉硬化C.脑肿瘤D.血液病E.脑血管畸形18.可疑脊柱骨折患者急救运送时,下列哪项是正确的?A.疑有颈椎骨折时,去枕平卧B.一人抬头.一人抬足的方法C.仰卧在床单上D.由人搂抱E.仰卧在硬板上19.甲状腺次全切除术中患者突然挣扎、呼吸困难、失音、紫绀,应考虑A.喉头水肿B.血肿压迫气管C.一侧喉返神经损伤D.两侧喉返神经损伤E.双侧喉上神经损伤20.胃部手术后倾倒综合征多发生于进食后A.10～20分钟B.20～30分钟C.1～2小时D.2～4小时E.进食后任何时间21.急救电击伤患者,首先应:A.胸外心脏按摩B.口对口的人工呼吸C.切断电源D.包扎出血的伤口E.马上送医院22.早期就出现神经精神症状的是A.高渗性脱水B.低渗性脱水C.等渗性脱水D.急性水中毒E.慢性水中毒23.急性失血超过下列哪项指标就会引起休克?A.超过总血容量的1/5B.超过总血容量的1/3C.超过总血容量的1/2D.超过总血容量的2/3E.超过总血容量的1/424.患者男性,30岁,阵发性腹痛,腹胀,呕吐,肛门停止排便、排气4天,3年前曾做阑尾切除术。

2013考研试题及答案

2013考研试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共10分）1. 下列哪个选项不是考研政治的考察内容？A. 马克思主义哲学B. 毛泽东思想C. 邓小平理论D. 计算机科学答案：D2. 考研英语的阅读理解部分主要考察哪方面的能力？A. 词汇记忆B. 语法分析C. 信息提取D. 写作技巧答案：C3. 考研数学中，线性代数的考察重点是什么？A. 微积分B. 概率论C. 矩阵运算D. 复变函数答案：C4. 考研专业课的复习策略应该包括哪些方面？A. 只看教材B. 只做习题C. 教材和习题相结合D. 只听讲座答案：C5. 考研复试中，面试环节主要考察考生的哪些能力？A. 学术研究能力B. 语言表达能力C. 团队协作能力D. 所有以上答案：D二、填空题（每题3分，共15分）1. 考研政治的考试内容包括________、________、________、________、________。

答案：马克思主义哲学、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、三个代表重要思想、科学发展观2. 考研英语的写作部分通常要求考生写一篇________和一篇________。

答案：小作文、大作文3. 考研数学的题型包括________、________、________。

答案：选择题、填空题、解答题4. 考研复试时，考生需要携带的材料通常包括________、________、________。

答案：准考证、身份证、成绩单5. 考研调剂是指考生在________后，根据________进行的院校调整。

答案：初试、成绩和招生单位的需要三、简答题（每题5分，共20分）1. 简述考研英语阅读理解的解题技巧。

答案：考生应先快速浏览文章，把握主旨大意，然后根据题目要求，定位文章中的关键信息，仔细分析，最后选择正确答案。

2. 在考研数学中，如何有效复习线性代数？答案：考生应系统学习线性代数的基本概念和定理，通过大量练习题来巩固知识点，并总结解题方法和技巧。

3. 考研复试面试时，考生应如何准备？答案：考生应准备自我介绍，熟悉自己的研究背景和兴趣，了解目标院校和专业的情况，同时练习语言表达和逻辑思维能力。

期中测试卷二【测试范围：第一、二章】(解析版)高一化学上学期期中考试复习

2023−2024学年上学期期中模拟考试02高一化学时间：90分钟满分：100分测试范围：第一、二章可能用到的相对原子质量：H 1C 12N 14O 16Na 23S 32Cl 35.5Fe 56选择题答题卡题号123456789101112131415161718答案第Ⅰ卷（选择题共54分）一、选择题：本题共18个小题，每小题3分，共54分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

1．根据所学知识分析，下列物质分类正确的是混合物纯净物单质电解质A 氯水NaOH 石墨24K SO 溶液B 空气盐酸铁23Na CO C 胆矾2CuCl 水银盐酸D()3Fe OH 胶体3KNO 晶体3O NaCl【答案】D【解析】A ．K 2SO 4溶液为混合物，不是电解质，A 错误；B ．盐酸为混合物不是纯净物，B 错误；C ．胆矾是五水硫酸铜，是纯净物不是混合物，盐酸是混合物不是电解质，C 错误；D ．选项中四种物质分类正确，D 正确；故答案选D 。

2．下列关于各物质的说法正确的是A ．Ca(OH)2是大理石的主要成分，常用于建筑材料B ．ClO 2有强氧化性，可用于自来水的消毒C ．NaHCO 3俗称小苏打，常用于造玻璃D ．Na 2O 2是碱性氧化物，常用作供氧剂【答案】B【解析】A ．CaCO 3是大理石的主要成分，常用于建筑材料，A 错误；B ．ClO 2有强氧化性，能够使细菌、病毒的蛋白质分子结构发生改变而发生变性，因而会失去生理活性，因此可用于自来水的消毒，B正确；C．NaHCO3俗称小苏打，常用于治疗胃酸过多，但不能用于制造玻璃，C错误；D．Na2O2属于过氧化物，由于Na2O2能够与水及二氧化碳反应产生氧气，因此常用作供氧剂，D错误；故合理选项是B。

3．用如图所示的装置分别进行如下导电性实验，小灯泡的亮度比反应前明显减弱的是A．向硫化钠溶液中通入氯气B．向硝酸银溶液中通入少量氯化氢C．Ba(OH)2中加入适量稀硫酸D．向氢氧化钠溶液中通入少量氯气【答案】C【解析】A．向硫化钠溶液中通入氯气，发生反应：Na2S＋Cl2=2NaCl＋S↓，反应后的溶液中离子浓度有所增大，但由于反应前的S2-带两个单位负电荷，所以溶液导电能力变化不大，故A不选；B．向硝酸银溶液中通入少量氯化氢，发生反应：AgNO3＋HCl=AgCl↓＋HNO3，反应后的溶液中离子浓度变化不明显，溶液导电能力变化不明显，故B不选；C．Ba(OH)2中加入适量稀硫酸，发生反应：Ba(OH)2+H2SO4=BaSO4↓+2H2O，反应后的溶液中离子浓度明显变小，溶液导电能力明显下降，灯泡变暗，故C选；D．氢氧化钠溶液中通入少量氯气发生反应：2NaOH+Cl2=NaClO+NaCl+H2O，反应后的溶液中离子浓度变化不明显，溶液导电能力变化不明显，故D不选；答案选C。

2013年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题

2013 年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题
******************************************************************************************** 学科、专业名称：理论物理、凝聚态物理、光学、生物医学工程（理学）
研究方向：
考试科目名称：高等数学（副卷）考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。

本试卷满分为150分，考试时间为3小时。

一、填空题（本题共6小题，每小题4分，共24分. 把答案填在题中横线上）
1．22201cos lim ___________sin x x x x →⎛⎫-= ⎪⎝
⎭.
2．arcsin d ________________x
x
e x e =⎰.
3. 函数2ln(1)x y u e y +=++的全微分是d _________________.u =
4. 曲面2222321x y z ++=在点(1,2,2)P -处的法线方程是 .
5．微分方程3dy x
y x dx
+=的通解为 .
6．设2{(,)0,2}D x y x y x =≥≤-，则3d ___________D y σ=⎰⎰.
二、选择题（本题共6小题，每小题4分，共24分. 每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项符合题目要求，把所选项前的字母填在题后的括号内）
考试科目：高等数学共 4 页，第 1 页
考试科目：高等数学共 4 页，第 2 页
且与xOy平面成
考试科目：高等数学共 4 页，第 3 页
考试科目：高等数学共 4 页，第 4 页。

七年级地理试题与复习资料[1]

七年级第一学期地理期末试题第Ⅰ卷选择题以下每题只有一个正确选项1. 人们对地球形状的认识经历了一个漫长的过程，下列能说明地球是球体的是（）A 人造卫星拍摄的地球照片B 天如斗笠，地如覆盘C 春夏秋冬四季轮回D 天圆如张盖，地方如棋局2. 下列现象中，由于地球不停自转产生的是（）A 白昼与黑夜B 昼夜交替C 四季变化D 昼夜长短的变化3. 地球自转的同时也在围绕太阳公转，在我们考试的今天，地球位于公转轨道中的（）A a到b之间B b到c之间C c到d之间D d到a之间4. 下列关于经线和纬线的说法正确的是（）A．所有经线的长度相等，所有的纬线的长度也相等B．纬线有180条，经线有360条C．所有纬线相互平行，所有经线交汇于南北两极D．每条经线纬线都自成一个圆圈5.下图是济南不同季节正午南窗太阳光线入射情况，据图判断：（）A 甲图是冬季B 乙图是春季C 乙图是夏季 D丙图是秋季6. 地图是地理学习的重要工具，正确选择和使用地图，可以方便我们的生活。

有关下面四幅地图的使用，叙述错误的．．．是（）A 家住云南的小明想去北京旅游，可从乙图中查找乘火车路线B 小明想知道世界气候的分布状况，可以通过阅读甲图了解C 小明来到北京后购买了丁图，以便了解旅游景点的分布状况D 若四幅地图的图幅相同，则比例尺大小为甲>乙>丙>丁7. 山东泰山的海拔高度为1 532.7米，安徽黄山的海拔高度是1 864.8米，则两者间的相对高度为（）A.3 397.5米B.-3 397.5米C.332.1米D.-332.1米读右图，完成8-9题。

8.图中①-④的地形部位名称依次是（）A 山脊、山峰、陡崖、山谷B 山峰、山脊、山谷、陡崖C 山谷、陡崖、山峰、山脊D 陡崖、山谷、山脊、山峰9.乙河干流流向大致是（）A 从西向东流B 从西南向东北流C 从北向南流D 从西南向东北流德国科学家魏格纳提出了大陆漂移说，下列是不同时期大陆分布示意图，读图回答10-11题10. 以上哪副图表示的是现代大陆分布状况？（）A ①B ②C ③D ④11. 下列事实可以作为大陆漂移说证据的是（）A 地球是一个不规则球体B 世界陆地轮廓都比较破碎C 大西洋两岸古老地层的相似性D 我国东部海域海底发现古河流遗迹12. 下列有关世界海陆分布的说法正确的是（）A 陆地全部集中在北半球B 地球表面七分陆地，三分海洋C 南极地区是海洋，北极地区是陆地D 赤道依次穿过南美洲、非洲、亚洲和大洋洲13. 下列表示气候的语句是（）A 今天风和日丽B 夜来风雨声，花落知多少C 北京冬冷夏热D 未来两天将有寒潮，气温下降8-10℃14. 下列天气符号所代表的天气，与人们的户外活动搭配最为适宜的一组是A ．─体育锻炼B ．─晾晒衣服C ．─播种小麦D ．─高空作业15.某同学在观察卫星云图时，发现济南地区为绿色，说明济南当时是（）A 晴朗天气B 阴雨天气C 阴转晴天气D 晴转阴天气读“济南市2014年1月5日气温曲线图”完成16-17题16. 关于图中M处时间判断正确的是（）A 8点B 12点C 14点D 20点17. 2014年1月5日济南市的气温日较差是（）A 18℃B 13℃C 12℃D 8℃18. 下列气候现象与其主要影响因素，正确的组合是（）A “人间四月芳菲尽，山寺桃花始盛开”——纬度因素B 青藏高原纬度较低，但是气候寒冷——地形因素C 海南岛终年如夏，黑龙江省北部冬季漫长——海陆因素D 新疆塔里木盆地气候干燥，而同纬度的北京气候比较湿润——地形因素19. 有关世界年降水量分布的说法正确的是（）A 沿海地区降水一定十分充沛，内陆地区降水一定十分稀少B 世界各地都是夏季降水多，冬季降水少C 南北回归线附近的大陆东岸降水少，西岸降水多D 一般而言，赤道地区降水多，两极地区降水少20. 某同学在学习了“世界的气候”内容后，有以下结论，其中错误的是（）A．世界年平均气温等温线大致与纬线平行B．南半球的年平均气温等温线比北半球的平直C．世界年平均气温从赤道向两极逐渐升高D．非洲的气候类型以赤道为中心，南北对称分布21. 图为某区域7月份等温线分布示意图，图中虚线表示海岸线，据图分析下列说法正确的是（）A．该区域位于北半球，乙地代表陆地B．该区域位于北半球，甲地代表陆地C．该区域位于南半球，甲地代表海洋D．该区域位于南半球，乙地代表海洋根据以下材料完成22-23题。

2013心理学考研真题附答案(纯净版)

2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试心理学一、单选1.研究人与机器相互作用问题的心理分支学科是（）A. 管理心理学B. 社会心理学C. 工程心理学D. 实验心理学2.心理过程是人脑能动地反映客观事物的过程，它包括（）A. 认知、情感、行为B.感觉、知觉、行为C. 情感、意志、行为D.认知、情感、意志3.当你的手不小心被针扎的时候，手会立刻缩回来。

完成该反射活动的神经中枢主要是（）A. 脊髓B.大脑C.丘脑D.小脑4. 一位中风患者的右侧肢体瘫痪，其大脑皮层左半球的病变区域位于（）A. 额叶B. 顶叶C. 颞叶D. 枕叶5．通常用来测量持续注意的是（）A. 警戒作业B. 双作业操作C. 双耳分听D. 负启动6．司机可以边开车边听音乐，能够解释这种现象的最恰当的理论是（）A. 衰减理论B. 过滤器理论C. 反应选择理论D. 认知资源理论7.不属于基本味觉的是（）A. 酸B. 甜C. 苦D.辣8.他人在场减少了人们在紧急情况下采取干预措施的可能性，产生这种现象的主要原因是（）A. 从众B. 社会学习C. 社会比较D.责任分散9.“鹤立鸡群”中的“鹤”和“万绿丛中一点红”中的“红”容易被人们知觉到，这种现象所体现的知觉特性是（）A. 整体性B. 选择性C. 理解性D. 恒常性10.先给被试呈现线段a，待其消失60毫秒后，再呈现线段b，人们会看到线段a向线段b移动，这种现象称为（）A. 诱发运动B. 动景运动C. 自主运动D. 运动后效11.属于深度知觉双眼线索的是（）A. 线条透视B. 视轴辐合C.运动视差D. 纹理梯度12.属于界定清晰的问题（well-defined problem）是（）A如何成为一名优秀教师B如何根据已知条件解应用题C怎样读好一本书D 怎样教育子女成才13.容易出现群体思维的是（）A高凝聚力的群体B低凝聚力的群体C民主的群体D放任的群体14.爱因斯坦说：“在我的思维结构中，书面的或口头的文字似乎不起任何作用，作为思维元素的心理的东西是一些记号和有一定明晰程度的意向，由我随意的再生和组合……”这段话所体现的主要思维种类（）A动作思维B形象思维C抽象思维D常规思维15按照马斯洛的观点。

2013年考研数学真题考点解析.doc

函数、多元函数的微分与积分，积分又分成定积分、二重积分、三重积分及曲线曲面积分（数学一考生），这样在一棵大树上开出了众多的枝叶，而考试即围绕着基石，并在
各枝叶间流转。

级数是将函数化繁就简的手段，当然其处理方式需掌握，在进行其他学科深入研究中用得着。

但考试依然只能考最基本正项级数与幂级数。

微分方程是处理实际问题的数学建模方式之一，高等数学中仅介绍简单的能求解的微分方程类型，并将其求解方法归类，考查中最大的变化即是对一些特别的方程的解与方程之间的关系进行扭转互换。

矩阵与向量组是研究方程组的两大方式，方程组的求解既可与矩阵初等变换联系，又可与向量的线性表示联系，对矩阵本身的讨论离不开秩，这是矩阵的本质，抓住秩即抓住了核心。

随机变量是概率论研究的对象，分布函数密度函数是随机变量的数学化描述，通过函数的特性掌握随机变量的特性，当然需要熟悉分布函数密度函数的特殊处理手法。

随机变量的数字特征是其本性，求取特征数字的目的是把握随机变量的本质，考试常会考查，包括统计量的数字特征。

2024-2025学年人教版七年级生物上册第一学期期末测试卷

人教版七年级生物上册第一学期期末测试卷题序 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10答案题序11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20答案一、选择题(每题2分，共40分)1．下列诗句中不含生命现象的是()A．柴门闻犬吠B．海日生残夜C．鸟鸣山更幽D．鱼戏莲叶间葡萄果实表皮较薄，汁水丰富，是人们喜爱的水果。

学校生物兴趣小组以葡萄为材料，利用显微镜进行了如下观察实验。

回答第2～6题。

2．从植物体结构层次角度看，我们食用的葡萄果实属于()A．器官B．组织C．细胞D系统3．兴趣小组同学利用显微镜观察葡萄果实切片。

如图是制作临时装片的部分操作步骤，步骤①和④滴加的液体分别是()(第3题) A．清水、碘液B．碘液、清水C．生理盐水、碘液D．生理盐水、清水4．兴趣小组的同学在显微镜使用过程中遇到了一些问题和对应的解决方法，你认为正确的是()A．使物像更清晰——转动粗准焦螺旋B．视野较暗——改用较大光圈或平面镜C．物像太小——换高倍目镜或高倍物镜D．物像偏右上方——向左下方移动玻片5．如图为兴趣小组同学在显微镜下观察到的图像，其中A区域具有导管，导管属于()(第5题)A．薄壁组织B．输导组织C．机械组织D．分生组织6．由葡萄发酵制成的葡萄酒，因其风味色泽独特而被许多成年人喜爱，下列属于制作葡萄酒需要用到的微生物是()A．乳酸菌B．酵母菌C．甲烷菌D．醋酸菌7．如图是植物细胞的相关概念图，下列描述错误的是()(第7题) A．a表示支持和保护B．甲表示细胞膜C．乙表示线粒体D．丙表示细胞核8．如图是动植物细胞结构示意图，下列叙述正确的是()(第8题)A．甲图可表示洋葱鳞片叶内表皮细胞B．①具有保护作用，能控制物质进出C．④是细胞核，是遗传的控制中心D．⑤中含有叶绿素，使植物叶片呈现绿色9．“忽如一夜春风来，千树万树梨花开”，下图可表示梨树细胞完成一次分裂的是()A. B.C. D.10．干细胞可以分化出心肌细胞等多种细胞。

2013研究生考试

2013研究生考试2013年研究生考试2013年的研究生考试是中国高等教育系统中非常重要的一次考试。

这次考试的举办旨在选拔优秀的本科毕业生，培养他们成为未来的学术研究人员和专业人才。

研究生考试通常分为两个阶段：笔试和面试。

笔试是研究生考试的第一阶段，这个阶段主要考查学生的综合素质和学科基础知识。

在2013年的研究生考试中，有很多门学科进行了考查，包括文学、法学、经济学、管理学、理学等等。

每个学科都有相应的考试科目和题型，如选择题、填空题、简答题、论述题等等。

这些题目旨在考察学生的分析、综合应用、创新思维和表达能力。

面试是研究生考试的第二阶段，这个阶段主要考查学生的综合素质和专业背景。

在面试过程中，考官将对学生进行个人面谈和专业面试。

个人面谈主要是了解学生的个人情况、兴趣爱好、自我评价等等，以考察学生的人际沟通和应变能力；专业面试则主要是对学生的专业知识和研究兴趣进行考查，以了解学生的学术能力和发展潜力。

2013年的研究生考试是非常具有挑战性的，因为竞争非常激烈。

每年都有大量的本科毕业生报名参加考试，而研究生的招生数量则有限。

因此，参加研究生考试的同学需要做好充分的准备，提前了解考试大纲和题型，刷题、做模拟试题，提升自己的学科知识和考试技巧。

此外，同学们还需要注意考试的时间安排和考场纪律，以确保自己能够在考试环节中充分发挥自己的实力。

总之，2013年的研究生考试是一次具有重要意义的考试，对于广大本科毕业生来说是一个难得的机会。

只有通过这次考试，他们才能够进入研究生阶段，继续深造和研究。

因此，大家应该珍惜这次机会，做好充分的准备，努力提高自己的学术素养和综合能力，争取取得优秀的成绩。

2012-2013学年第一学期研究生期末考试安排

2012-2013学年第二学期研究生期末考试安排表
课程名称考试时间参考学生人数
100 60 临床医学前沿进 2012年12月29日9：00-11：00 展 48 60 48 100 英语1班英语2班英语3班英语4班英语5班英语6班英语7班英语8班英语9班英语10班英语11班英语12班 2013年1月7日8：10-10：10 英语13班英语14班英语15班英语16班英语17班英语18班英语19班英语20班 36 40 41 41 46 38 38 40 42 41 37 34 37 27 40 43 37 37 40 40
4
2012-2013学年第二学期研究生期末考试安排表
工作人员
刘德军周邵玲朱向明
5
2012-2013学年第二学期研究生期末考试安排表
6
2012-2013学年第二学期研究生期末考试安排表
7
2012-2013学年第二学期研究生期末考试安排表2 9-503 9-602 9-603 9-501 9-501左 9-501右 9-601左 9-601右 9-502 9-503 9-602 9-603 9-702 9-101左 9-101右 9-102左 9-102右 9-201左 9-201右 9-202左 9-202右 9-203 9-301左 9-301右
巡考安排
戈玲玲何固佳袁春阳
1
2012-2013学年第二学期研究生期末考试安排表
英语21班英语22班英语23班英语24班博士研究生班 37 34 33 35 19 100 100 60 48 60 48 中国特色社会主义理论与实践研究 2013年1月7日14：30-16：30 60 48 100 60 100 60 100 60 100 100 60 医学统计及SPSS 应用 48 2013年1月8日9：00-11：00 60 48 60 48 9-302左 9-302右 9-303 9-402 9-703 9-501 9-601 9-502 9-503 9-602 9-603 9-702 9-703 9-201 9-202 9-301 9-302 9-401 9-402 9-501 9-601 9-502 9-503 9-602 9-603 9-702 9-703 张春艳王再玉张艳萍凌子惠王艳萍马凌娟左传果李志坚马艳姿周湘东 3人 3人 2人 2人 2人 2人 2人 2人 3人 2人 3人 2人 3人 2人 3人 3人 2人 2人 2人 2人 2人 2人

2013 年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题 .doc

8．水平测试和是外语测试的两种最主要的最常见的测试。
9．对外汉语教学的学科理论基础主要包括：语言学、语言学习理论和。
10．把汉语课分为会话课、阅读课、听力课，是根据来划分的。
（二）判断题。（正确的在括号内打√，错误的打×。每小题1分，共10分）
1．表象是想象的基础。（）
2．潜移默化、耳濡目染属有意识记忆。（）
A、编写最好的教材B、采用最有效的教学方法
C、设计最有针对性的考试D、选择最佳教学方案
10．按测试的内容特点划分，“多项选择”属于（）。
A、分立式测试B、标准化测试C、常模参照测试D、水平测试
三、材料分析与写作（40分）
阅读下面的材料，运用你掌握的语言学、语言教学原理与知识，写一篇议论文。题目自拟；字数至少1000字。具体要求：内容充实，观点正确，论证有力；条理清楚，段落结构合理；语言流畅、书写规范、标点无误、卷面整洁。
现在已经出现了这样的情况：中国的任何一种晋级考试（考初中、高中、大学、研究生、领导升迁、进职、评职称、进大城市找工作……）都需要深刻地体会你的伟大的权力。也就是说，只要是希望通过教育得到更好生存地位的中国人，都必须臣服于你，否则就没有机会。
英语先生，你知道我有多心疼吗？前些日子我知道了，中国当前就是这么喜欢你。在中国古代文学的研究生入学考试中，有专业非常优秀的学生因为英语没有达到分数线而被拒绝了其一生的追求。这就是你的权力所在，我真的不知道，中国古代文学的研究有你什么事？
考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。
一、中外文化及跨文化交际基础知识（80分）
（一）填空题。（共23小题，30个空，每空1分，总30分）
1.秦始皇统一全国后，废除，施行郡县制。
2.中举的范进所考的是。

2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题(完整版)

2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题（完整版）Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 4 , he theorised that a judge 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to probation on that day.To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was 11 .He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews, 12 by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicant's score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMA T, a standardised exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMA T points than would otherwise have been 20 .1.[A] grant [B] submits [C] transmits [D] delivers2.[A] minor [B]objective [C] crucial [D] external3.[A] issue [B] vision [C] picture [D] moment4.[A] For example [B] On average [C] In principle[D] Above all5.[A] fond [B]fearful [C] capable [D] thoughtless6.[A] in [B] on [C] to [D] for7.[A] if [B]until [C] though [D] unless8.[A] promote [B]emphasize [C] share [D] test9.[A] decision [B] quality [C] status [D] success10.[A] chosen [B]stupid [C]found [D] identified11.[A] exceptional [B] defensible [C] replaceable [D] otherwise12.[A] inspired [B]expressed [C] conducted [D] secured13.[A] assigned [B]rated [C] matched [D] arranged14.[A] put [B]got [C]gave [D] took15.[A]instead [B]then [C] ever [D] rather16.[A]selected [B]passed [C] marked [D] introduced17.[A]before [B] after [C] above [D] below18.[A] jump [B] float [C] drop [D] fluctuate19.[A]achieve [B]undo [C] maintain [D]disregard20. [A] promising [B] possible [C] necessary [D] helpfulⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scold her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her. Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decades or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quckier turnrounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent releases, and more profit. Thoselabels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposal——meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that——and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking all industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a 5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage, overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amount of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma. Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable, and wasteful,”Cline argues, Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year——about 64 items per person——and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named SKB, who, since 2008 has make all of her own clothes——and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example, can’t be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment——including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection Line——Cline believes lasting-change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford to it.21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her[A] poor bargaining skill.[B] insensitivity to fashion.[C] obsession with high fashion.[D]lack of imagination.22. According to Cline, mass-maket labels urge consumers to[A] combat unnecessary waste.[B] shut out the feverish fashion world.[C] resist the influence of advertisements.[D] shop for their garments more frequently.23. The word “indictment”(Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to[A] accusation.[B] enthusiasm.[C] indifference.[D] tolerance.24. Which of the following can be inferred from the lase paragraph?[A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists.[B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.[C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments.[D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.25. What is the subject of the text?[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.[B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth.[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.[D] Exposure of a mass-market secret.Text 2An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half . In the internet age, at least in theory ,this fraction can be much reduced . By watching what people search for, click on and say online, compa nies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy.In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Cornmission (FTC) proposed adding a "do nottrack "(DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell adwertisers that they did not want to be followed .Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT ;Google's Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digltal Adwertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responging to DNT requests.On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10,the version due to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default.It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Geting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking w ith Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. Atter all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google's on that count before. Brendon Lynch, Microsoft's chief privacy officer, bloggde:"we believe consumers should have more control." Could it really be that simple?26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that “behavioural”ads help advertisers to:[A] ease competition among themselves[B] lower their operational costs[C] avoid complaints from consumers[D]provide better online services27. “The industry”(Line 6,Para.3) refers to:[A] online advertisers[B] e-commerce conductors[C] digital information analysis[D]internet browser developers28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default[A] many cut the number of junk ads[B] fails to affect the ad industry[C] will not benefit consumers[D]goes against human nature29. which of the following is ture according to Paragraph.6?[A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose[B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers[D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads30. The author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of:[A] indulgence[B] understanding[C] appreciaction[D] skepticismText 3Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely - though by no means uniformly - glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years - so why shouldn't we? Take a broader look at our species' place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years . Look up Homo sapiens in the "Red List" of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN) ,and you will read: "Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline."So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organisations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence .Perhaps willfully , it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about themore immediate future. The potential evolution of today's technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it's perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That's one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy. But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.31. Our vision of the future used to be inspired by[A]our desire for lives of fulfillment[B]our faith in science and technology[C]our awareness of potential risks[D]our belief in equal opportunity32.The IUCN’s “Red List”suggest that human being are[A]a sustained species[B]a threaten to the environment[C]the world’s dominant power[D]a misplaced race33. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5?[A]Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.[B]Technology offers solutions to social problem.[C]The interest in science fiction is on the rise.[D]Our Immediate future is hard to conceive.34.To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to[A]explore our planet’s abundant resources[B]adopt an optimistic view of the world[C]draw on our experience from the past[D]curb our ambition to reshape history35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A]Uncertainty about Our Future[B]Evolution of the Human Species[C]The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind[D]Science, Technology and HumanityText 4On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Constitution,the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administrati on’s effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states.In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law. The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization ”and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial . Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court’s liberals, ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun. On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately “occupied the field”and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal’s privileged powers.However,the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement.That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute.The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia,who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the alien and Sedition Acts.The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion assertion of federal executive power”.The White House argued that Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities,even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter.In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with .Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could. It never did so. The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.36.Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they[A]deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers.[B]disturbed the power balance between different states.[C]overstepped the authority of federal immigration law.[D] contradicted both the federal and state policies.37.On which of the following did the Justices agree,according to Paragraph4?[A]Federal officers’duty to withhold immigrants’information.[B]States’independence from federal immigration law.[C]States’legitimate role in immigration enforcement.[D]Congress’s intervention in immigration enforcement.38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts[A] violated the Constitution.[B]undermined the states’interests.[C] supported the federal statute.[D] stood in favor of the states.39.The White House claims that its power of enforcement[A]outweighs that held by the states.[B]is dependent on the states’support.[C]is established by federal statutes.[D]rarely goes against state laws.40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?[A]Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.[B]Justices intended to check the power of the Administrstion.[C]Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.[D]The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.Part BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The social sciences are flourishing.As of 2005,there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report 2010,the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000.Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today’s global challenges includingclimate change, security,sustainable development and health.(41)______Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger , from genetically engineered crops to arificial fertilizers . Here , too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity.(42)____This is a shame—the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter:there is no radical innovation without creative destruction .Today ,the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates,rather than on topics with external impact.Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords “environmental changed”or “climate change”have increased rapidly since 2004,(43)____When social scientists do tackle practical issues ,their scope is often local:Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium for example .And whether the community’s work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding (44)____this is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today’s economic climate.The trick is to direct these funds better.The European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientists.This year,it was proposed that system be changed:Horizon 2020,a new program to be enacted in 2014,would not have such a category ,This has resulted in protests from social scientists.But the intention is not to neglect social science ; rather ,the complete opposite.(45)____That should createmore collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems.[A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of socialscientists:one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highlyspecialized journals,and one that is problem-oriented and publishingelsewhere,such as policy briefs.[B] However,the numbers are still small:in 2010,about 1,600 of the100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of theseKeywords.[C] the idea is to force social to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change food security, marine research and the bio-economy, clear, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.[D] the solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior . all require behavioral change and social innovations , as well as technological development . Stemming climate change , for example , is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.[F] Despite these factors , many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems . And in Europe , some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it withincross-cutting topics of sustainable development .[G]During the late 1990s , national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds-including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate -varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations , it is about 15%.Part B: (10 points)Section III Translation46. Directions: Translate the following text from English to Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2. (10 points)Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge; (46) Yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that , for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak os various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,”to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot. (47)A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctlyanimal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the foemer becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment. (48) The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce from into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, (49)most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call arrangement of materials, an institution of colors, small pool of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world. (50)It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions. In them we can see biophilia- a yearning for contact with nonhuman life－assuming uncanny representational forms.Section III WritingParty A51 Directions:Write an e-mail of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in your college inviting him/her to be a judge for the upcoming English speech contest.You should include the details you think necessary.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail. Use “Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B: (20 points)Part B52 Directions:Write an essay of about 160 –200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay,you should（1) describe the drawing briefly,（2) interpret its intended meaning, and（3) give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)。

2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试教育学专业基础综合试题与答案

2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试教育学一、单项选择题：l～45小题，每小题2分，共90分。

下列每题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项是符合题目要求的。

1.凯洛夫《教育学》曾对我国教育理论与实践产生过重大影响，其思想的主要特点是（）A.用心理学解释教育学过程B.强调教学过程最优化C.强调知识的系统学习和教师的主导作用D.重视智力发展和创造性培养参考答案：C考查知识点：第六章外国现代教育：苏联教育的发展之凯洛夫的《教育学》2.教师帮助和指导学生学会身份认同和角色定位，使其自觉按照角色要求为人处世。

这体现了教育的（）A.个体社会化功能B.个体个性化功能C.个体谋生性功能D.个体享用功能参考答案：A考查知识点：第三章教育与社会发展：学校教育在人的身心发展中的作用之个体社会化3.有西方学者研究发现，美国大多数教师出身于中产阶级，习惯用中产阶级的价值观作为奖惩的标准，即不合乎他们的要求就要受到处罚。

这实质上是教师在利用教育对文化进行（）A.传递B.选择C.创造D.传播参考答案：B考查知识点：第三章教育与社会发展：教育的文化功能之教育的文化选择批判功能4.教育之所以能促进儿童发展，根本在于儿童发展上具有（）A.阶段性B.顺序性C.不平衡性D.可塑性参考答案：D考查知识点：第四章教育与人的发展：人的身心发展的主要特点5.马克思主义经典著作认为，实现人的社会全面发展的基本途径是（）A.发展生产力B.消灭社会分工C.普及教育D.教育与生产劳动相结合参考答案：D考查知识点：第五章教育目的与培养目标：马克思主义关于人的全面发展学说6.根据《中国人民共和国教育法》的规定，下列属于我国基本教育制度的是（）A.学区教育制度B.成人教育制度C.教师教育制度D.教师资格制度参考答案：考查知识点：7.某类课程的组织形式如右图所示：这类课程是（）A.相关课程B.融合课程C.广域课程D.核心课程参考答案：C考查知识点：第七章课程：课程类型之综合课程、广域课程8.学生围绕自己和教师订立的学习契约开展自学和独立作业的教学组织形式是（）A.文纳特卡制B.道尔顿制C.特朗普制D.曼海姆制参考答案：考查知识点：9.为避免灌输与说教而大量使用道德问题情境激发学生角色认取（role taking）和主动思考的德育模式，除道德模式外，还有（）A.体谅模式B.价值澄清模式C.社会学习模式D.集体教学模式参考答案：A考查知识点：第九章德育：德育模式之体谅模式10.根据《中华人民共和国教育法》，学生受教育权的具体内涵是（）A.学生有参加教育教学计划安排的各种活动，使用教育教学设施，设备，图书资料的权利B.学生有对学校给予的处分不服向有关部分提出申诉的权利C.学生有按照国家规定获得奖学金或助学金的权利D.学生有毕业或结业时获得学位证书，学位证的权利参考答案：A考查知识点：第十章教师与学生：学生的权利和义务11.20世纪80年代以来，我国教育改革逐步由外延式发展转向内涵式发展，鲜明反映这种转型努力的标志性文献是（）A.中共中央关于教育体制改革的决定B.《中国教育改革与发展纲要》C.《中共中央，国务院关于深化教育改革、全面推进素质教育的决定》D.《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要》参考答案：考查知识点：第六章教育制度：1949年以来我国的教育制度12.当代中等教育发展的总体趋势是（）A.普通教育与职业教育向融合B. 普通教育与通用教育向融合C. 普通教育与初等教育贯通D. 普通教育与高等教育贯通参考答案：A考查知识点：第六章教育制度：学校教育制度13.从20世纪50年代开始，挪威各地用了将近20年的时间陆续将义务教育的结束年龄从14岁延长到16岁。