2019-初中英语现在完成时解析-文档资料
(完整版)现在完成时讲解
I have had this watch for five years / since 5 years ago.
2.这位老人已经死了十年了。
WThe old man has died for ten years.
The old man has been dead for ten years/since 10 years ago.
I have learnt English for more than ten years.我已经学了10多年的英语。
(从10年前开始,持续到现在还在学)
上一页
She has swum since half an hour ago. 我已经游泳了半个小时
(半个小时前已经开始游泳,到现在还在游)
主菜单
于助动词或系动词后,实义动词前。 • never用于句中,助动词或系动词后,实
义动词前,表示否定意义。
• He has ever been to Paris.
• He has never been to Paris.
3) just表示“刚刚”(用于完成时态时,与already, never 等副词的位置一样,多用在助动词have/has和 动词过去分词之间)
He has been here for three days.
He has been here since yesterday.
He has been here since two days ago / last Monday.
He has been here since his wife died.
Since he was a child ,he has lived in England.
初中现在完成时讲解Microsoft Word 文档
现在完成时1.表示动作发生并已结束但是对现在有影响,用现在完成时。
He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。
(灯现在不亮了。
)I have spent all of my money. (含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)2.表示动作发生在过去,持续到现在,并可能持续将来,用现在完成时。
Mary has been ill for three days.Mary has been ill since three days ago.3.现在完成时的构成―助动词have/has + 动词过去分词‖①肯定句:主语+have/has+过去分词+其他②否定句:主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他③一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词+其他)肯定句I/ You have worked.He/ She/It has worked.We/ You/They have worked.否定句I/ You have not worked.He/ She/It has not worked.We/ You/They have not worked.疑问句Have I/ you worked?Has he/ she/it worked? Have we/ you/they worked?简略回答Yes, you/I have. No, you/I haven’tYes, he/she/it has. No, he/she/it hasn’tYes, we/ you/they have. No, we/you/they haven’t.4.动词过去分词的构成规则(1) 规则变化(规则东侧的过去分词构成与动词的过去式相同)①直接在动词词尾加-edclean—cleaned—cleaned “打扫”call—called—called “打电话”②不发音的e 结尾直接加-dagree—agreed—agreed “同意”live—lived—lived “居住”③元音字母+y 结尾直接加edplay—played—played (enjoy, stay)④辅音字母+y 结尾,改y为i 再加-edstudy—studied—studied 学习(try, marry)⑤重读闭音节结尾的末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写辅音字母,再加+edplan—planned—planned 计划stop—stopped—stopped 停止prefer—preferred—preferred 喜欢(2)不规则动词的变化规则(需根据不规则动词变化表进行专门记忆)see—saw—seen “看见”hear—heard—heard “听见”find—found—found “发现”4.现在完成时常和never, ever, already, just,yet,twice,recently,lately,before, so far, for..., since..., 等词连用。
2019年中考英语试题汇编解析:现在完成时
2019年全国中考英语试题专题练习:现在完成时1、(2019•永州)-___you ever ___to the Great Wall?-Yes,Three times.()A.Has,been B.Have,been C.Have,gone【考点】现在完成时.【分析】--你曾经去过长城吗?--是的.去过三次了.【解答】答案:B.have been to 表示曾经去过某地,have gone to,表示已经去了某地,或正在去某地的路上,根据ever和three times,可以推测这里表示曾经去过某地,现在已经回来了,主语是you,这里应该用have.故选B.2、(2019•宁夏)-Look!Someone _______ the classroom.-Well,it wasn't me.I didn't do it.()A.is cleaning B.was cleaningC.has cleaned D.will clean【考点】现在完成时.【分析】--看,有人已经把教室打扫干净了--呃,不是我做的.我没有打扫.【解答】答案:C.根据it wasn't me.I didn't do it,可以判断打扫教室这个动作发生在过去,对现在造成了影响,教室已经打扫了,所以这里用现在完成时,结构为:have/has+动词过去分词.主语是someone,是个不定代词,作主语谓语动词用单数,故选C.3、(2019•威海)---Is that a new coat?---No,I_____it for a long time.()A.bought B.have boughtC.have had【考点】现在完成时.【分析】--那是一件新上衣吗?--不,我已经买了很长时间了.【解答】答案:C.根据for a long time可知,这是一个表示一段时间的时间状语,通常用于现在完成时,而且动词应该用延续性动词,而buy是瞬间性动词,不能持续一段时间,所以要用have,这里是指拥有手表这种状态持续到现在,故用现在完成时态,结构为have/has+动词的过去分词,主语是I,所以助动词用have,动词have的过去分词为had.故选C 4、(2019•福州)-The boy misses his parents very much.-So he does.They _____ the hometown for nearly two years.()A.have left B.will leaveC.have been away from【考点】现在完成时.【分析】--这个小男孩非常想念他的父母.--确实是这样.他们离开家快2年了.【解答】答案:C.根据for nearly two years可知,这是一个表示一段时间的时间状语,而leave是瞬间性动词,不能持续一段时间,所以要用be away from,它后面可以跟表示一段时间的状语,结合语境可知用现在完成时,现在完成时态的结构为have/has+动词的过去分词,主语是They,所以助动词用have,故选C5、(2019•苏州)-Hobo and Eddie the cinema to watch the film Zootopia.-Oh,that's why I can't find them now.()A.have gone to B.have been toC.has gone to D.has been to【考点】现在完成时.【分析】--Hobo 和Eddie 去电影院看《疯狂动物城》这部影片了.--哦,那就是我现在为什么找不到他们的原因.【解答】答案:A.have/has been to表示去过某地,人已经回来;have/has gone to表示去了某地,人未回来.根据that's why I can't find them now,可知那就是我现在为什么找不到他们的原因,说明了他们两个人现在不在这里,去看电影了.所以应用have/has gone to.Hobo and Eddie是两个人,所以助动词应该用have.故选A.6、(2019•武汉)I don't feel very well,Jack.I'm afraid you______me your cold.()A.give B.had given C.have given D.would give【考点】现在完成时.【分析】我感觉很不好受,Jack.恐怕你把感冒传染给我了.【解答】答案:C.结合句意是说我感觉很不好受,恐怕你把感冒传染给我了,也就是传染感冒的动作发生在过去,对现在造成一定的影响,用现在完成时have/has+过去分词,主语you,故have,give 的过去分词given,故选C.7、(2019•北京)It's nice to see you again.We each other since 2014.()A.won't see B.don't seeC.haven't seen D.didn't see【考点】现在完成时.【分析】很高兴再次见到你.自从2014以来,我们彼此就没有见过面.【解答】答案:C.现在完成时,表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果.或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态.根据It's nice to see you again.很高兴再次见到你.可知是说现在见到了.根据since 2014,可知从过去已经开始,持续到现在的状态.应该用现在完成时态.现在完成时态的构成:助动词have/has+过去分词,否定式为:助动词have/has+not+过去分词.根据主语we,所以应该用haven't seen,故选:C.8、(2019•张家界)- you ever the history museum,Paul?-No.I haven't.()A.Do;visit B.Did;visitC.have;visited【考点】现在完成时.【分析】--Paul,你曾经参观过历史博物馆吗?--不,没有.【解答】答案:C.根据问句中的ever结合答语No.I haven't.判断问句用现在完成时,现在完成时的构成是:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词;变一般疑问句把have提到主语前面,故答案为C9、(2019•郴州)Yangjiang,a famous female writer,_____________for abut a month so far.()A.died B.has been deadC.has been died【考点】现在完成时.【分析】杨绛,一位著名的女性作家,到目前为止去世大约一个月了.【解答】答案:B.句中的时间状语for+时间段是现在完成时的标志,且句子中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词,现在完成时的构成是:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词;主语是第三人称单数,助动词用has,die是非延续性动词,不能与时间段连用,be dead表状态,可以与时间段连用,故答案为B 10、(2019•黔南州)Rick____a lot about Chinese culture since he came to China.()A.has learned B.will learnC.learns D.learned【考点】现在完成时.【分析】自从Rick来到中国,他学到了很多关于中国文化的知识.【解答】答案:A.根据时间状语从句since he came to China结合句意"自从Rick来到中国,他学到了很多关于中国文化的知识."强调对于现在造成的结果和影响,判断主句用现在完成时.现在完成时的构成是:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词;主语是第三人称单数,助动词用has,故答案为A11、(2019•烟台)-Lucy has to London.How can I get in touch with her?-Don't worry.She will phone you as soon as she there.()A.been,will get B.been,getsC.gone,will get D.gone,gets【考点】现在完成时;一般现在时.【分析】--露西已经去了伦敦,我怎么能和她联系上呢?--别担心,她一到那里,就将打电话给你.【解答】答案D.由语境:我怎么能和她联系上呢?可推断到Lucy已经去了伦敦,不在说话在身旁,故用has gone to,再由as soon as 引导时间状语从句,用一般现在时代替将来时,主语为单数she用gets,故选D.12、(2019•黑龙江)-May I speak to Mr.Lee?-Sorry,he ______ Harbin,he ______ the city for two days.()A.has been to;has been inB.has gone to;has been toC.has gone to;has been in【考点】现在完成时.【分析】-我可以和李先生说话吗?-对不起,他去了哈尔滨,他在这座城市已经两天了.【解答】答案C.has been to 是指某人去过某地,但是现在不在那里;has gone to 是指某人去了某地,还没回来,也可能是在去的途中;has been in 是指某人从过去的某个时间到现在一直在某地.根据回答Sorry,可知他已经去了哈尔滨,用has gone to.再根据for two days.应该可知他在这座城市已经两天了.后面空用has been in,故选C 13、(2019•黑龙江)Lei Feng ______ for many years,but his spirit is still encouraging us.()A.died B.has been deadC.has died【考点】现在完成时.【分析】雷锋已经去世许多年了,但他的精神仍在激励着我们.【解答】答案为B.现在完成时常跟表示一段时间的时间状语,如"for+一段时间"、"since+时间点"、"during the past+一段时间"等,由设空处后的for many years可知应用现在完成时表状态的持续,且与一段时间连用动词要用延续性动词.die是短暂性动词,应转换为be dead 表状态,结合其现在完成时的构成has/have+过去分词,主语为单数,故为has been dead,故选B.14、(2019•怀化)-May I speak to Mr.Smith?-Sorry,he isn't in.He Changsha.()A.has been to B.has gone toC.went to【考点】现在完成时.【分析】--我可以跟史密斯先生通话吗?--抱歉,他不在家,他去长沙了.【解答】答案:B根据设空处前面的Sorry,he isn't in推断断史密斯先生去了长沙并且没有回来.英语中用have/has gone to表示去了某地,还没回来.用have/has been to表示为"曾经去过某地",现在已不在那里了,故答案为B.15、(2019•上海)This medicine millions of people's lives since it was put into use.()A.is saving B.will save C.has saved D.had saved【考点】现在完成时.【分析】这种药自投入使用来就挽救了数百万人的性命.【解答】答案为C根据从属连词since可知,需要用现在完成时,表示从过去某个时间点开始到现在的动作,而且这个动作对现在有影响.此处since引导时间状语从句,since后接表示一个时间点的句子,说明从过去的时间点到现在的这段时间里的动作.现在完成时的构成为has/have+过去分词.故选C16、(2019•江西)The water dark and dirty.It's no longer safe to drink.()A.became B.has becomeC.will become D.was becoming【考点】现在完成时.【分析】这里水变得又脏又黑.已经不能继续安全饮用了.【解答】答案:B.结合句意是说水不能饮用了,也就是水变脏的动作发生在过去,对现在造成一定的影响,用现在完成时have/has+过去分词,主语the water 不可数名词,故has,become 的过去分词become,故答案是B.17、(2019•海南)Uncle Liang ________ in Haikou since 1980,so he knows a lot about the city.()A.is living B.has lived C.lived【考点】现在完成时.【分析】自从1980年梁叔叔就住在海口,所以他对这个城市很了解.【解答】答案:B现在完成时的构成:主语+have/has+过去分词,表示过去的动作或状态持续到现在;live居住,实义动词;since 1980自从1980年,意为自从1980年以来他就住在海口,表状态的持续,用于现在完成时;故选B18、(2019•河北)Our team _______ another point!I'm sure we'll win the game.()A.will get B.has gotC.is getting D.was getting【考点】现在完成时.【分析】我们队又得了一分,我确信我们会赢这场比赛.【解答】答案:B现在完成时的构成:主语+have/has+过去分词,表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果;根据I'm sure we'll win the game.可知前面的得分对现在产生的影响是会赢得这场比赛,所以用现在完成时,故选B.19、(2019•天津)---What a nice watch!How long you it?---For just two weeks.()A.will;buy B.have;hadC.were;having D.did;buy【考点】现在完成时.【分析】-多么漂亮的手表啊!你买多久了?-只有两个星期.【解答】答案:B根据句中的关键词How long 可知这是询问时间段的疑问词组,结合选项此句的所表达的意思是你买手表多久了?根据答语For just two weeks(只有两个星期)表时间段,所以这里的意思也就是买这只手表有两个星期了,所以买手表这个动作发生在过去,拥有手表的状态一直延续到现在,还有可能继续延续下去,符合现在完成时的用法,所以问句应用现在完成时去表达,其构成是have/has+过去分词;由于后跟时间段时谓语动词必须用延续性动词,而buy为终止性动词故不可用;所以应用其延续性动词have代替buy表"拥有",指一种状态.主语为you所以用have,动词have的过去分词为had.故选B.20、(2019•黔东南州)The bus____for five minutes when Tim arrived at the station.()A.went B.has leftC.had left D.had been away【考点】现在完成时.【分析】当Tim到达车站的时候汽车已经离开5分钟了.【解答】答案:D.根据时间状语从句when Tim arrived at the station结合句意"当Tim 到达车站的时候汽车已经离开5分钟了."判断主句的动作发生在"过去的过去"所以用过去完成时.过去完成时的构成是:主语+had+动词的过去分词;由于设空处后面有for+时间段,所以动词必须是可延续性动词,leave是非延续性动词,转换成be away后可以与时间段连用,故答案为D.21、(2019•广东)School violence______much attention of the whole society and people are calling on the government to make laws against it as early as possible.()A.drew B.will drawC.has drawn D.was drawing【考点】现在完成时.【分析】校园暴力问题引起了全社会的广泛关注,人们呼吁政府尽早制定法律反对校园暴力.【解答】答案C.现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,它的结构是:have/has+过去分词,再由句中:people are calling on the government…可推断到校园暴力已经引起全社会的广泛关注,强调对现在产生的影响,所以用现在完成时,故选C.22、(2019•临沂)"I want to go to Mars (火星),because it's a place that no one______to before,"said Carson.()A.has gone B.has been C.was D.went【考点】现在完成时.【分析】卡森说:"我想去火星,因为它是一个以前没有人去过地方." 【解答】答案:B.根据语境no one 及before可推知a place 应为一个以前并且直到现在没人去过的地方,指对于现在所产生的影响,故定语从句的时态应为现在完成时态(基本结构:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词),has been to是指去过某地,已经回来了;has gone to 是指去了某地,还没有回来,此句的意思在于强调火星是一个以前没人去过的地方.故而排除A.故选B23、(2019•盐城)It seems that El Nino some disasters in the world in the past few months ()A.has caused B.is causing C.will cause D.caused【考点】现在完成时.【分析】似乎厄尔尼诺现象在过去的几个月里已经在世界上引起了一些灾难.【解答】答案:A分析句子,It seems that 此句型实质上是"主+系+表"结构.其中it是人称代词,并无实意,指的是某种情况,seems为系动词,that/as if 引导表语从句,意为"似乎…看来好像…;主句为一般现在时,从句也要用现在时的某种相应的时态;结合后面的时间状语in the past few months 结合选项可知从句所表达的意思是厄尔尼诺现象在过去的几个月里已经在世界上引起了一些灾难,强调对于现在造成的影响和结果,所以从句应用现在完成时去表达,其构成为has/have+过去分词;由于从句的主语为单数El Nino,所以助动词用has,cause的过去分词为caused,故has caused.故选A24、(2019•厦门)---It's the second time I came to Xiamen.It____a lot.---Yes,it's more and more beautiful.()A.was changing B.has changedC.will change【考点】现在完成时.【分析】-这是我第二次来厦门,它改变了很多.-是的,它越来越美丽了.【解答】答案:B.根据语境"the second time和答语it's more and more beautiful"可知"I"曾经来过Xiamen并且现在它越来越美了(是已完成),强调对现在造成的影响,故应用现在完成时态,答案中只有B 为现在完成时(基本结构:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词),故答案为B25、(2019•株洲)He ________in Zhuzhou since seven years ago.()A.works B.worked C.has worked【考点】现在完成时.【分析】他自七年前在株洲工作.【解答】答案:C.根据语境"since seven years age"可知本题动作是起于七年前并且现在还在延续的,故应用现在完成时态(基本结构:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词),只有答案C正确26、(2019•泰州)-Mom,I want to watch The legend of Miyue(芈月传)on China 8 tonight.-Oh,dear,it for a few minutes.Come on!()A.has begun B.will beginC.has been on D.will be on【分析】-妈妈,我今晚想看中央8台的"芈月传".-哦,亲爱的,它已经开始几分钟了.快点!【解答】答案:C.根据语境"for a few minutes(几分钟)和come on",可知节目已经进行了几分钟并且现在还在演,故应用动词的现在现在完成时态(基本结构:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词).故可排除B.D.又由于begin是非延续性动词不能和for a few minutes搭配.而has been on(表示持续性的状态)所以只有答案C合适.27、(2019•资阳)-Look,the light is still on in Helen's office.-Maybe she her work yet.()A.doesn't finish B.won't finishC.hasn't finished D.didn't finish【考点】现在完成时.【分析】--看,Helen的办公室的灯还在亮着.--可能她还没有完成她的工作.【解答】答案C.结合语境及是时间副词yet已经,可知下文描述的是从过去一直持续到现在并将继续下去的动作,现在完成时的结构:主语+have/has+过去分词+其它;由题意可知此句用否定故用现在完成时态hasn't finished.选C.28、(2019•玉林)---_____ you ever _______ Han Hong sing live?---Of course.A couple of times in different cities.()A.Have;seen B.Did;see C.Do;see D.Are;seeing【分析】---你曾经有看过韩红的现场演唱么?---当然有.在不同的城市看过好几次呢.【解答】答案A.看韩红的现场演唱会发生在过去C,D错.ever常和现在完成时(动作发生在过去,但对现在有一定的影响)连用,现在完成时态的构成是;have(has)+过去分词(done),故选A29、(2019•西宁)--Would you like to see the movie Zootopia with us?--I'd love to!But I ________ it.()A.saw B.see C.will see D.have seen【考点】现在完成时.【分析】--你要跟我们一起去看疯狂动物城这部电影吗?--我很想去呢!但是我已经看过这部电影了.【解答】答案D.由回答:I'd love to!But I____it,可推断语境:我想去但是我已经看过了,表示的是已经看过了这部电影,对于现在的影响是没必要去看了,所以得用现在完成时态,现在完成时态的构成是;have(has)+过去分词(done),故选D.30、(2019•南充)--How long___your brother___this camera?--For two weeks.()A.have,bought B.have,hadC.has,had D.has,bought【分析】你哥哥有这台相机多久了?-两个星期.【解答】答案:C.根据答语for two weeks(两周)是一段时间,可知问句应为现在完成时态(基本结构:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词)表示持续到现在的动作,并且主句的动作应为可延续性的,可排除A,D.又问句主语your brother是第三人称单数,故可排除B,所以答案为C31、(2019•陕西)My mother a good example for me since I was young.()A.was B.has been C.will be D.is【考点】现在完成时.【分析】从我小时候起,母亲一直是我的好榜样.【解答】答案:B.根据语境since I was young(从我年轻起),可知句子的动作是一直持续到现在并可能持续下去的动作,所以可确定句子时态应为现在完成时态(基本结构:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词).故为答案:B.32、(2019•陕西)My mother a good example for me since I was young.()A.was B.has been C.will be D.is【考点】现在完成时.【分析】从我小时候起,母亲一直是我的好榜样.【解答】答案:B.根据语境since I was young(从我年轻起),可知句子的动作是一直持续到现在并可能持续下去的动作,所以可确定句子时态应为现在完成时态(基本结构:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词).故为答案:B.33、(2019•荆门)---Do you know the scientist Tu Youyou?---Yes,she is the first Chinese____won a Nobel prize in science.()A.who have B.that have C.which has D.that has【考点】现在完成时.【分析】--你了解科学家屠呦呦吗?--是的,她是第一个在科学方面获得诺贝尔奖的中国人.【解答】答案:D;首先分析句子结构,本句中的"won a Nobel prize in science"在复合句中作定语从句,由于先行词the first Chinese 为下文定语从句的逻辑主语,且指人,所以引导定语从句的关系代词用that或者who,又由于先行词被the first 序数词所修饰,所以引导词只能用that不能用who;另外注意定义从句的谓语动词由先行词决定,本题中,从句意为已经获奖,指过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,所以应用现在完成时,构成为has/have+过去分词;由于先行词是单数,所以助动词用has,故选D.34、(2019•济南)-I think our teacher.Mrs.Allen,knows everything.-I agree.Because she over 2,000 books.()A.read B.has read C.reads D.is reading【分析】--我认为我们的老师Allen夫人懂得所有事情.--我赞同.因为她已经读了2000多本书了.【解答】答案:B.根据语境"因为她已经读了2000多本书了."强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响,判断用现在完成时.现在完成时的构成是:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词;主语是she,助动词用has,故答案为B 35、(2019•黄石)This museum ______ here for over 80years.It ______ one of the oldest buildings in this city.()A.is;was B.had been;isC.was;has been D.has been;is【考点】现在完成时.【分析】这座博物馆在这里80多年了,它是这个城市里最古老的建筑之一.【解答】答案:D.第一个设空处,句中的时间状语"for+时段"是现在完成时的标志,现在完成时的构成是:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词;第二个设空处表述的是一般性事实,所以用一般现在时,故答案为D.36、(2019•荆门)---Are you going to watch"Running Man"tonight?---No!I____it with my parents only once.I don't think it's exciting.()A.seeB.have seen C.will see D.am seeing【分析】--今天晚上你打算看《跑男》吗?--不,我跟我的父母只看过一次,我认为它并不刺激.【解答】答案:B.根据设空处后面的once结合语境"我跟我的父母只看过一次",强调对现在造成的影响,判断用现在完成时.现在完成时的构成是:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词;主语是I,助动词用have,see的过去分词是seen.故答案为B37、(2019•淮安)Andy,with his parents,______ to Hong Kong,and they will stay there for a week.()A.have gone B.has gone C.have been D.has been【考点】现在完成时.【分析】Andy和她的父母一起去了香港,他们打算在那里待一个星期.【解答】答案:B.根据后面一句话,可知Andy和她的父母一起去了香港,并且还没有回来,所以用have/has gone to;have/has been to 则表示去过某地(已经回来);主语后面由with结构时,谓语动词由前面的主语决定单复数,根据主语Andy判断用助动词has.故选B38、(2019•黄冈)-How do you like Treasure Island,Lucy?-It's so exciting that I _______ it twice.()A.am reading B.have readC.was reading D.had read【考点】现在完成时.【分析】--Lucy,你觉得《金银岛》怎么样?--很刺激,我已经读过两遍了.【解答】答案:B.根据设空处后面的twice,结合语境"我看过两遍了."强调对于现在的影响,判断用现在完成时.现在完成时的构成是:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词;主语是I,助动词用have,故答案为B39、(2019•邵阳)One of my friends _____ moved to America,I miss her so much.()A.has B.have C.are【考点】现在完成时.【分析】我的一个朋友已经搬到了美国,我非常想念她.【解答】答案:A.根据语境可知one of my friends (我的一个朋友),可知本句的谓语动词为单数形式,根据语境I miss her so much(我非常想念她)可知空缺处是已经完成的动作,对现在造成的影响,故应为现在完成时态(基本结构:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词.),故答案为A40、(2019•泸州)-Jenny,when did you move here?-I here for three years.A.lived B.moved C.have moved D.have lived【考点】现在完成时.【分析】珍妮,你什么时候搬来的?-我在这里住了三年了【解答】答案:D.根据语境for three years (三年),可知答句的动作是持续到现在并将继续的动作,故答句应为现在完成时态(基本结构:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词.)并且动词为延续性动词live,故只有答案D合适.。
(word完整版)初中英语语法-现在完成时讲解以及练习题讲义
(word完整版)初中英语语法-现在完成时讲解以及练习题讲义现在完成时1.构成现在完成时是由助动词have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。
助动词have(has)表明事情发生于现在。
它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。
过去分词在句子中做谓语,说明句子的含义。
2.用法(1)动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间,但对现在有某种影响和结果。
常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。
如:-Have you had lunch yet? -Yes,I have. I've just had it.你(已经)吃午饭了吗?我刚刚吃过。
(现在我不饿了)(2)表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
这个动作可能刚停止,可能仍然在进行。
常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。
如:He has taught here since 1981他自1981年就在这儿教书。
(可能还要继续教)I have't seen her for four years.我有四年没见到她了。
(3)表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作,现在成为一种经验,一般译为汉语“过”,常带有twice,ever,never,three times等时间状语。
如:I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。
3.现在完成时的时间状语(1)现在完成时属于现在时范围,故不能和过去的时间状语连用。
如:yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。
但是,在强调动作产生的后果和影响时,可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。
a. 用副词already和yet。
already一般用于肯定句中,yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。
如:We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。
They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。
(word完整版)初中英语现在完成时详解
现在完成时一、现在完成时构成构成:现在完成时由助动词have + 过去分词构成,助动词have 有人称和数的变化。
第三人称单数用has,其余用have.现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。
以study 为例,其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下:1、现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。
说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。
My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。
I’m sure we’ve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。
She has arrived. 她到了。
2、表示持续到现在的动作或状态,往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用,如recently, already, just, lately, for…, since…,yet等。
如:I haven’t heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。
We haven’t seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。
They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。
She has been with us since Monday.①for+时段②since+过去一个时间点(译为:自从……以来)③since+时段+ago④since+从句(过去时)⑤It is+时段+since+从句(过去时)Mary has been ill for three days.I have lived here since 1998.注意:since和for的区别since后接时间点,如1993,last term, yesterday, the time I got therefor后接一段时间,表示“长达多久”,如ten years, a while, two days等。
现在完成时-经典教学教辅文档
如今完成时( 一)如今完成时表示过去发生的动作对如今酿成的影响或结果,也能够表示从过去某一工夫开始,不断持续到如今的动作或形状。
常与already“曾经”,just“刚刚”,ever“曾经”,never“从不”,before“之前”,yet“仍然”等连用。
1.如今完成时的结构:2.already与yet在如今完成时中的用法:already adv.曾经;早已通常用于肯定句中,普通用于have/has后,实义动词前,也可放在句尾。
例如:I have already had breakfast.我曾经吃过早饭了。
yet adv.还;曾经用于否定句和疑问句中,普通用在句末。
例如:I haven’t done my homework yet.我还没有造作业。
3.普经过去时与如今完成时的区别:( 1 )普经过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙说过去的事情;如今完成时强调过去的动作对如今酿成的影响或结果。
例如:I saw this film yesterday.我昨天看了这部电影。
I have seen this film.这部电影我曾经看过了。
( 2 ) 普经过去经常与具体的表示过去的工夫状语( 如yesterday,last week,three days ago,in 1990等 )连用;如今完成时不与表示明确的过去的工夫状语连用,但可以与in the past...years/weeks,so far等工夫状语连用。
例如:Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.昨晚汤姆给他父母写了一封信。
The weather has been so hot so far this summer.到目前为止,今年夏每天气不断很热。
Ⅰ.根据句意用所给词的适当方式填空1.I have already had ( have )lunch.I had( have ) it at 11:30.2.—Have you written ( write ) to your parents yet?—Yes,I wrote ( write ) to them last night. 3.—How clean the classroom is!—Yes,I’m sure that someone has cleaned ( clean ) it.4.Jerry started ( start ) to write the letter yesterday,but he hasn’t finished( not finish ) it yet.5.Mr.Brown has taught ( teach ) Amy French for a mon th,but she still can’t speak French well.Ⅱ.单项填空( B )1.—I heard you lost your book.youit?—Not yet.A.Did;findB.Have;foundC.Do;findD.Have;find( A )2.She has decided what to buy for her best friend.A.alreadyB.yetC.stillD.neither( B )3.—How do you like Treasure Island,Lucy?—It’s so exciting that I it twice already.A.am readingB.have readC.was readingD.had read( C )4.—Where are the flowers?—You see,someone them to the windows.A.movesB.will moveC.has movedD.would move( D )5.—The storybook is very interesting.—I agree with you.I it many times already.A.readB.will readC.am readingD.have read( C )6.—Has she finished her homework yet?—.She finished it ten minutes ago.A.No,she hasB.Yes,she doesC.Yes,she hasD.No,she hasn’t( A )7.I the book Little Women yet,but I’ll let you read it first.A.haven’t readB.don’t readC.won’t readD.didn’t read( B )8.Paula was pleased that she her lost watch yesterday.A.findsB.foundC.has foundD.will find( D)9.I can’t find my wallet anywhere.I’m sure Iit.A.lostB.will loseC.loseD.have lost( D )10.William Shakespeare for over 400 years,but his works still have great influence today.A.diedB.was dyingC.has diedD.has been dead。
(完整版)现在完成时讲解(含讲解及习题)(可编辑修改word版)
(完整版)现在完成时讲解(含讲解及习题)(可编辑修改word版)现在完成时讲解一、构成:肯定式:主语+ 助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词.疑问式:助动词Have/Has + 主语+ 动词的过去分词?否定式: 主语+ 助动词have/has + not + 动词的过去分词.过去分词规则变化:a)一般情况下,直接加ed, (work---worked,water---watered, finish---finished 等;)b)以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词, 把y 变成i 再加ed, (carry-- -carried study---studied 等;)c)以辅+元+辅结尾且中读的动词,要双写最后一个辅音字母,再加ed。
(stop---stopped,shop---shopped)d)以不发音的e 结尾的动词,只加d(过去分词不规则变化表:二、用法:用法一:表示过去(已经、曾经或从未)发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
标志词:①already, ②never, ③ever, ④just, ⑤yet, ⑥before,⑦once/twice/数字+ times例:I have cleaned my room. 我已打扫了房间(房间现在是干净的,不需要打扫了)They have left. --他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里I have never had a car (我从未有过汽车。
)I have been there twice.a)already 往往用于肯定句,用在疑问句时表示强调或加强语气;yet 用于否定句和疑问句。
He has already left here. 他已经离开这里了。
Has he already left here? 他(真的)已经离开这里了吗?(表示加强语气)My teachers haven’t had breakfast yet. 我的老师们还没有吃早饭。
英语现在完成时讲解
英语现在完成时讲解英语中的现在完成时(present perfect tense)是用来描述过去发生的动作或情况与现在的关系的一种时态。
它通常用来强调过去发生的事情对现在产生的影响或结果。
在本文中,我们将详细讨论现在完成时的使用情况及其构成方式。
一、现在完成时的构成方式现在完成时的构成方式是由“助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词形式”组成。
具体使用有以下几种情况:1. 肯定句主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他部分例如:- I have studied English for five years.(我已经学习英语五年了。
)- She has travelled to many countries.(她已经去过很多国家了。
)2. 否定句主语 + have/has + not + 过去分词 + 其他部分例如:- He hasn't finished his work yet.(他还没有完成工作。
)- We haven't seen each other for a long time.(我们已经很久没有见面了。
)3. 疑问句Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他部分?例如:- Have you ever visited Paris?(你曾经去过巴黎吗?)- Has she seen the latest movie?(她看过最新的电影吗?)二、现在完成时的使用情况现在完成时通常用于以下几种情况:1. 表示过去开始的动作一直延续至今或刚刚结束的情况。
例如:- I have lived in this city for ten years.(我在这个城市已经住了十年了。
)- They have worked on this project since last month.(他们从上个月开始就一直在做这个项目。
)2. 表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果。
初中现在完成时讲解(完整版)
since
for
since
for
for
since
注:并非所有for作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时 搞清一般过去时和现在完成时的区别
I worked here for more than twenty years. (我现在已经不在这里工作了) I have worked here for more than twenty years. (现在我仍在这里工作)
2、irregular verbs不规则变化(A-B-B)
have—had—had spend —spent—spent make—made—made say—said—said find—found—found hear—heard—heard
不规则变化(A-B-C)
01
take—took—taken speak —spoke—spoken sing—sang—sung drive—drove—driven be—was/were—been go—went—gone
02
cut—cut—cut
put —put—put
The Present Perfect tense
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Winter has already come, will it still be far in spring ?
冬天已经来了,春天还会远吗?
present(now)
future
past
Present Perfect Tens 现在完成时
常与already(已经), yet(已经), just(刚刚),ever(曾经),never,for+时间段,since+时间点等词或短语连用.
现在完成时知识点详解初中
现在完成时知识点详解初中现在完成时(Present Perfect Tense)是英语中的一种时态,用来表示与过去时间点有关的动作或情况,特点是强调对现在的影响或结果。
现在完成时由助动词 "have/has" 加上动词的过去分词构成。
一、构成:1. 肯定句结构:主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他成分2. 否定句结构:主语 + have/has + not + 过去分词 + 其他成分3. 疑问句结构:Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他成分?二、用法:1.表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果。
如:- He has finished his homework.(他完成了作业,结果是现在他可以去玩。
)2.表示过去开始并一直延续到现在的动作或情况。
如:- They have lived here for 10 years.(他们在这里住了10年了,强调他们一直住在这里)- she has studied English since she was young.(她从小就学英语,一直到现在都在学)3.表示一个过去经历或发生过的事件,时间不明确。
如:- Have you ever been to Paris?(你去过巴黎吗?)- I have seen that movie before.(我以前看过那部电影。
)4.表示以前曾经做过的经历或动作。
如:- Have you ever tried sushi?(你试过寿司吗?)三、注意事项:1. 标志词:already(已经)、yet(还),常与现在完成时连用。
2.与一般过去时的区别:4. 主要使用have的情况:- 我们一般用have作为第一人称(I、we)和第二人称(you)的助动词,用has作为第三人称(he、she、it)的助动词。
如:- I have seen the movie.- He has read the book.- 固定搭配中使用have:- have breakfast/lunch/dinner(吃早饭/午饭/晚饭)- have a shower/bath(洗澡)- have a look(看一看)- have a rest(休息)。
(完整word版)现在完成时解析
现在完成进行时的谓语动词构成(一)表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作,并且还将持续下去.The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years。
中国有2000年的造纸历史.(动作还将继续下去)(二)表示在说话时刻之前刚刚结束的动作。
We have been waiting for you for half an hour。
我们已经等你半个钟头了.(动作不再继续下去)(三)有些现在完成进行时的句子等同于现在完成时的句子.(一般指某些持续性动词,记住这两个例句中的动词live和work)They have been living in this city for ten years。
They have lived in this city for ten years。
他们在这个城市已经住了10年了。
I have been working here for five years.I have worked here for five years。
我在这里已经工作两年了。
(四)大多数现在完成进行时的句子不等同于现在完成时的句子.I have been writing a book.(动作还将继续下去)我一直在写一本书。
I have written a book.(动作已经完成)我已经写了一本书.They have been building a bridge。
他们一直在造一座桥.They have built a bridge。
他们造了一座桥.(五)表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时。
I have known him for years。
我认识他已经好几年了。
* I have been knowing.。
.(错误)这类不能用于现在完成进行时的动词还有:love爱,like喜欢,hate讨厌,等。
比较过去时与现在完成时1)过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响.2)过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。
初中现在完成时讲解
练习题:
1.It's a long time since we _m_e_t_ (meet) last, isn't i
t?
2.--I know youh_a_v__e__c_h_o_s_e_n(choose) a picture book amon
g these.
--Yes,Have a look at it, please.
Once.
4.I h__a_ve__r_e_ad(read) the novel twice.It’s interesting. 5.She h_a_s__g_o_n_e(go) to Pairs, hasn’t she? Yes.
How _d_i_d___ she _g_o_____(go) there? She _w_e__n_t __(go) there by air. 6.So far, many countries _h_a_v_e__d_e_v_e_lo_p__e_d(develop) their software programs. 7.Mr Chen _g_a_v_e__(give)up smoking last year. 8._H_a_v_e__ you ever _r_id_d__e_n_(ride) a horse? Never. 9.He _h_a_s_k_e_p_t_( keep) the book since two days ago.
现在完成时的否定形式: have not (haven’t) +过去分词 has not (hasn’t) +过去分词
I haven’t eaten supper.
eat-eaten
He hasn’t changed his idea. change-changed
初中英语现在完成时详细讲解
初中英语语法现在完成时详细讲解现在完成时是英语中一种表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果的时态。
它由"have/has + 过去分词"构成。
现在完成时的用法如下:
1. 表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果:
①I have finished my homework.(我已经完成了我的作业。
)这里表示过去完成的动作是完成作业,现在的结果是作业已经完成。
②They have lived in this city for five years.(他们在这个城市已经生活了五年。
)这里表示过去完成的动作是生活在这个城市,现在的结果是他们已经在这个城市生活了五年。
2. 表示从过去某一时间点开始到现在一直持续的动作:
①She has worked at this company since 2010.(她从2010年起在这家公司工作。
)这里表示过去从2010年开始工作,到现在一直在这家公司工作。
3. 表示过去已经发生但时间未具体提及的动作:
①Have you ever been to Paris?(你去过巴黎吗?)这里表示过去是否有去过巴黎,但并未提及具体时间。
需要注意的是,现在完成时强调的是过去的动作与现在的关系,因此常用于包含现在的句子中。
同时,现在完成时通常与表示一段时间的时间状语连用,如for、since等,以强调动作的持续性或延续性。
另外,现在完成时不能与明确的过去时间状语连用,如yesterday、last week等,因为这些表示过去具体时间点的状语与现在完成时的
概念不符。
在这种情况下,应使用过去时态表示过去发生的动作。
(完整版)2019精选教育现在完成时(讲义及答案).doc
现在完成时【知识点睛】♥♥现在完成时❤用法:表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果;某些动词的现在完成时可表示过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在(包括“现在”在内)的动作或状态,可以和表示延续的时间状语连用。
表示持续动作或状态的词多为延续性动词。
—Jim, why are you watching TV again?—I have finished my homework.The old man has lived here since 10 years ago.❤标志词already, yet, never, ever, just, before, since+时间点, for+时间段, by now, till now, so far, in the past + 时间段, once, twice, three times…❤瞬间变延续瞬间动词也是可以有的。
但当与表示的时间状语连用时,变成相应的。
She has bought a new dictionary.She has had a new dictionary for a week.She has had a new dictionary since last Sunday.初中常见的瞬间动词变为延续性动词的有:【精讲精练】❤用法( )1. —Do you know the moving story of Jack and Rose?—Of course. I the film Titanic several times.A. seeB. sawC. have seenD. had seen ( )2. —Do you know the Englishman?—Yes. I him for two years.A. get to knowB. have knownC. knewD. got to know❤标志词( )3. I Mr. Smith since he moved to Shanghai.A. didn’t hear fromB. don’t hear fromC. won’t hear fromD. haven’t heard from ( )4. Ben is a foreign teacher. So far, he in Zhengzhou for five years.A. was teachingB. has taughtC. will teachD. taught( )5. Have you seen such a good film?A. neverB. everC. alwaysD. often ( )6. The meeting w ill be held in half an hour, but they haven’t got everything ready .A. everB. alreadyC. yetD. still ( )7. —How long have you learnt English?—four years ago.A. ForB. SinceC. FromD. When❤have been to & have gone to( )8. —Where is your father?—He Australia and he Sydney for two weeks.A. has been to; has been inB. has gone to; has been inC. has been in; has been toD. has gone to; has been to ( )9. —Have you ever Wuzhen and Taohua Island?—No, never. But I’m going to Wuzhen and Taohua Islandthis summer.A. been inB. gone inC. been toD. gone to( )10. —Where is your father, little Tom?—He Nanjing, and he there twice.A. has gone to; has beenB. has gone to; has been toC. has been to; has gone toD. has been to; has been ( )11. —The Palace Museum is wonderful. Have you ever visited any other interesting place?—Yes. Also, we to the Summer Palace.A. have goneB. have beenC. had goneD. had been( )12. —Hello! May I speak to Kate?—Sorry, she isn’t here now. She to Shanghai.A. wentB. has beenC. has goneD. had gone❤瞬间动词变为延续性动词13.—She looks sad. What’s the matter?—Her pet dog just (die).14.—Mom, I left my book home. Can you bring it to me?—Oh, sorry, dear. I (leave) home. Please callyour father. He is at home.( )15. —When did you buy the computer?—I have this computer for 5 years, but it still workswell.A.boughtB. haveC. hadD. been bought ( )16. She her hometown for many years. No one nearly knows her.A. has been away fromB. has leftC. had left ( )17. —How long have you here?—About two months.A. beenB. goneC. comeD. arrived ( )18. —Do you know Tom?—Sure, we have in the same village for many years.A. leftB. livedC. comeD. gone ( )19. —Are you a soccer player in your school?—Yes, I the team two years ago. I _ in the teamfor two years.A. have joined; have beenB. was joined; amC. joined; wasD. joined; have been( )20. The lamb for quite some time.A. has diedB. has been deadC. has deadD. die ( )21. Our English teacher is very nice. We friends since three years ago.A. wereB. becameC. have beenD. have made ( )22. Alice in Wonderland for 15 days and many of us like the film very much.A. beginsB. has begunC. beganD. has been on ( )23. How long has she the newspaper?A. borrowB. lendC. keptD. buy完成句子24.—Your schoolbag is very nice. Is it new?—No. I .(自从我两年前入校时就买了) (since)25.A: The Frenchman left five days ago because of his business. (改写为同义句)B: The Frenchman has for five days because of hisbusiness.26.安一周前就离开了巴黎。
(完整版word)英语现在完成时完整归纳含答案解析
(完整版word)英语现在完成时完整归纳含答案解析一、初中英语现在完成时1.—— ______you _____ out the problem, Sam?——Not yet, but I'm going to.A. Did, workB. Are, workingC. Have, workedD. Will , work【答案】 C【解析】【分析】句意:萨姆,你计算出这道数学题了吗?——还没有,但是快了。
结合语境可知上文描述的是现在已经完成的动作,故用现在完成时态。
选C。
【点评】英语中的时态主要是借助于时间状语与上下文语境来进行判断。
解答此类题型,首先要注意句子中的时间状语,如果没有则要通过分析上下文,结合语境来判断句子的时态。
英语疑问句中一般具有时态上的对应关系,注意结合这一特点进行区分。
2.Mike used to be a top student, but he behind since he lost himself in computer games.A. fellB. has fallenC. wasD. has been【答案】 D【解析】【分析】句意为“Mike过去是尖子生,但自从迷上电子游戏以来成绩落后了”。
由since可知but后的主句用现在完成时,瞬间动词fall不能和since引导的时间状语从句连用,故用延续性动词be。
故选D。
【点评】本题考查现在完成时中非延续性动词和延续性动词的转换。
3.A number of tourists _____ Yangzhou many times because such a beautiful city.A. have been toB. has been toC. has gone toD. have gone to【答案】 A【解析】【分析】句意:很多游客多次去过扬州,因为它是如此美丽的一个城市。
have been to,表示去过某个地方,have gone to,表示去了某地,还没回来。
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How long have/has sb …….?
lived
For …. Since…
learned owned
The door has been open for a whole day. The windows have been closed since 7:30 I have had this bike for a year/since last year. My teachers have been busy/ free these days.
since+过去某一点时间 或过去某一结束性动词
标志词:for +一段时间, since+过去的时间 点, these years, so far, in the past/last …years
• We _h_a_v_e_le_a_r_n_e_d (learn) English for three years/ since two years ago/since 2000.
冬天已经来了,
Winter has already come,
春天还会远吗 ?
will it still be far in spring?
Winter has already come.
现在完成时态
现在完成时的构成形式
助动词 have
has
done
过去 分词
肯定句:主语+have/has +过去分词 否定句:主语+have/has +not+过去分词 一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+过去分词
dialogue twice.
• I h_a_v_e_n_’_t_h_e_a_r_d__( not hear) from her
yet.
• _H_a_v_e_they _b_e_en____(be) here recently?
Yes, they have.
• I _h_a_v_e__b_e_e_n__(be) busy recently.
现在完成时用法二:
过去开始的动作或状态一直持续到现在
1. 常用延续性动词,如be, sleep, live, learn, stay, have, keep, work, walk, …
2. 时间状语须表达过去到现在的一段时间.
for two years so far
since 短语, years
during the past 2
since 从句 in the past 2 . for two weeks /years /hours/
2000 last week
2. since yesterday (evening)
three weeks ago he joined the Party two years ago
现在完成时用法(一)
过去的(结束性)动作产生的影响或结 果现在还存在。
1.常用短暂性动词做谓语动词.如arrive, get, finish, borrow, open, stop, begin, go, come, die, fall, …
2.时间状语常用already, just, yet, ever, before, once( 一次),recently 等 不具体 的过去时间 或不带有时间状语
• ---__H_a_s_your father ever _t_ra_v_e_l_led
(travel) to New York?
---No,never.
• He _h__a_sn_’_t__tr_a_v_e_l_le_d____(not travel)
by plane yet.
注意:当在肯定陈述句中含有already或just 时,在转换成否定句或疑问句时,要把句中的 already 或just 去掉,在句末加上yet.
● I have already seen the film named King LiIohna. ven’t seen the film named King Lion
yet. ● I have done my homework alrIehaadvye.n’t done my homework yet.
• Mr. Green __h_as__b_ee_n__ (be) in China these years.
• They _h_a_v_e_w_r_i_tt_e_n__(write) 15 songs so far.
• I _h_a_v_e_d_o_n_e (do) my homework already.
• He h_a_s_n_o_t_f_i_n_is_h_e_d_(not finished) his homework yet.
• _H_a_v_e___you evebre_en_____ (be) to Haiwaii?
● Mother has just cleaned the house.
Mother hasn’t cleaned the house yet.
现在完成时
past 一般过去时
now
future
一般过去时表示的是纯粹在过去发生的事情
现在完成时表示的是在过去某个时间开始并持续到 现在的动作/状态,或者发生在过去却对现在造成的影 响
• We _h_a_v_e__ neverse_e_n____ (see) such an
exciting match before.
• Mother h__a_s__ justc_le_a_n_e_d__(clean) the
house. Please don’t come in.
• They __h_a_v_e_p_r_a_c_t_ic_e_d____(practice) this
现在完成时的含义
用来表示之前已经发生或完成的动作或状态,而其结果却和 现在有联系: 动作或状态发生在过去,但它的影响现在还存在。
They have left. --他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里 I have had my lunch. --我已经吃过午饭了,也就是说我现在不饿
也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。 He has learned English since 2019. --从2019年开始学的,现在还在继续学着呢