定语从句的注意事项

定语从句的注意事项

一、定语从句中宜用that而不用which的情况

1．先行词是不定代词的时候，如all, much, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one等。

[eg.] We should do all that is useful to the people.

[eg.] There is nothing that can be said about it.

[eg.] Do you mean the one that was bought yesterday?

2．先行词被only, any, few, little, no, all, one of, just, very等词修饰时。

[eg.] The only thing that we can do was to wait.

[eg.] You can take any seat that is free.

[eg.] That is the very word that is wrongly used.

[eg.] This is only one of the evidences that reveal his crime.

3．先行词是序数词或者被序数词修饰时。

[eg.] This is the third film that has been shown in our school this term. 4．先行词是最高级或者被最高级修饰时。

[eg.] This is the best that can be done now.

[eg.] the most important thing that he should do is how to stop him from going on.

5．先行词既有人又有物。

[eg.] The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are really well known.

6．先行词为数词时。

[eg.] Yesterday I caught two fish and out them into a basin of water. Now you can see the two that is still alive.

7．如果有两个从句，其中一个关系词以用which为关系词，另一个应该用that。

Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.

8．主句是there be结构修饰其主语的定语从句用that作为关系词。

[eg.] There is still a seat in the corner that is still free.

9．先行词为表语的时候，或者关系带词本身是定语从句的表语，宜用that。

[eg.] This is a good book that will help you a lot.

[eg.] My home village is no longer the place that it used to be.

10．一些特殊词为先行词的时候用that作先行词

[eg.] The way that you deal with him would ignite him.

二、定语从句中宜用which而不用that的情况

1．当关系带词前面有介词时。

[eg.] A zoo is a park in which many kids of animals are kept for exhibition. 2．在非限定性定语从句中。

[eg.] Crusoe’s dog, which was now very old, became ill and dead.

3．在一个句子中有两个从句，其中一个用了that，另外一个用which。

[eg.] Let me show you the novel that I barrowed from the library which was newly open to us.

4．当关系代词后有插入语时。

[eg.] Here is the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.

三、定语从句中宜用who而不用that的情况

1．先行词为one, ones, anyone或those时。

[eg.] The person I what to learn from is the one who studies hard and works well.

2．There be结构中，修饰主语的定语从句宜用关系带词who指代人。

[eg.] There is gentleman who wants to see you.

3．当先行词有较长的后置定语的时候。

[eg.] I meet a foreigner in the park yesterday afternoon who could speak Chinese well.

4．一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个已经用了that做关系带词，另外一个用who。

[eg.] The student that was praised at yesterday’s meeting is the monitor who is very modest and works very hard.

四、限定性定语从句和非限定性（描述性）定语从句

从定语从句和它所修饰的先行词的关系来看，定语从句优先定性和非限定性的差别。限定性定语从句限定了先行词的范围和意思，这类从句不能省去。如果省去剩下的部分（即主句）的意思就会变得不清楚。这种定语从句和主句的关系十分密切，书写时中间不用都好将两个小句分开。非限定性定语从句（有时也称为描述性定语从句）只起补充说明作用。如果省去从句，剩下的部分意思仍然清楚。书写时两个小句中间用逗号隔开。试比较：[eg.] I have found a man who can help you.（限定性，去掉从句意思就不明了）[eg.] Autumn in Peking is the season which is neither hot nor cold.

[eg.] This is the place where his great work was written.

[eg.] Yesterday I visited Mr. Marcus, who was ill.（描述性，去掉后主句意思不受影响）

[eg.] I knocked at the door, which immediately opened.

有时同一个定语从语可以是限制性的，也可以是非限制性（描述性）的，就看在先行词和关系词之间是否有逗号。加了逗号，不仅改变了句子的性质，而且很可能改变句意。试比较下列句子：

[eg.] She has a sister who is a musician.她有一个是音乐家的姐姐。（她有很多个姐姐）

[eg.] She has a sister, who is a musician.她有一个姐姐，是音乐家。（她又且只有一个姐姐）

[eg.] He borrowed all the books which had pictures in them.（他只借来有图画的书，其他的没借）

[eg.] He borrowed all the books, which had pictures in them.（他借了所有的书，书里都有画）

[eg.] In the class there are twelve students, who are good at maths.（这个班不止12个学生）

[eg.] In the class there are twelve students who are good at maths.（这个班一共有12个学生）

[eg.] I met with lots of difficulties which I had not expected.（困难是没有预料到的）

[eg.] I met with lots of difficulties，which I had not expected.（语到很多困难的这种情况没有预料到。）