Mechanical - Piping Pipe Drafting And Design(5)
机械工程施工现场英语
工程建设现场英语五百句目录1、问候和介绍（36句）GREETINGS AND INTRODUCTIONS 2、交谈语言（24名）TALKING ABOUT LANGUAGES3、日期和时间（20句）DATES AND TIMES4、天气和环境（20句）WEATHER AND ENVIRONMENT 5、在会议上（34句）AT THE MEETING6、工程项目（20句）ENGINEERING PROJECT7、计划与进度（20句）PLANNING AND SCHEDULING8、技术资料与图纸（34句）TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS AND DRAWINGS 9、公用工程（20句）UTILITY10、施工现场（44句）AT THE JOB SITE11、设备检验（30句）INSPECTION OF THE EQUIPMENT 12、土建工程（18句）CIVIL ENGINEERING13、施工机械（18句）CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY 14、常用工具（22句）COMMON TOOLS15、工程材料（18句）ENGINEERING MATERIALS 16、设备安装（24句）ERECTION OF THE EQUIPMENT 17、工艺管道（22句）PROCESS PIPING18、质量管理（20句）QUALITY CONTROL19、试车和开工（30句）TEST RUN AND START-UP20、在宴会上（26句）AT THE BANQUET附录一、基数和序数、分数、倍数、百分数附录二、常见各国标准代号附录三、常见外国学会和协会机构附录四、度量衡表一、问候和介绍（36句）GREETINGS AND INTRODUCTIONS1 How do you do? 你好吗？（初次见面）2 How are you? 你好吗？（日常见面）3 Fine, thanks. 很好，谢谢。
造纸术英语ppt课件
The consistency of the pulp refers to the promotion of solids to water in the pulp suspension It is important to maintain the correct consistency for optimal paper production
Preservation of history
The ability to write and print on paper has been allowed for the preservation of historical documents and cultural heritage
Art and creativity
in world history • Epilogue
01
The Origin of Papermaking
Inventions in Incident China
The earliest knowledge of paper making dates back to the Han Dynasty (202 BC-220 AD) in China
Copying paper
Forming
In the forming stage, the pull is spread over a wire mesh belt to form a sheet Water is drained from the sheet, and the sheet is transferred to the next stage of processing
Pulp production
阀门专用词汇
阀门专用词汇CQ螺纹球阀CQ Thread Ball ValvesL形三通式L-pattern three wayT形三通式T-pattern three way安全阀Safety valve暗杆闸阀Inside screw nonrising stem type gate valve 百叶窗; 闸板shutter百叶窗式挡板louver damper摆阀式活塞泵swing gate piston pump保温式Steam jacket type报警阀alarm valve报警阀; 信号阀; 脉冲阀sentinel valve背压调节阀back pressure regulating valve背压率Rate of back pressure本体阀杆密封body stem seal波纹管阀Bellows valves波纹管密封阀bellow sealed valve波纹管密封式Bellows seal type波纹管平衡式安全阀Bellows seal balance safety valve 波纹管式减压阀Bellows reducing valve波纹管式减压阀Bellows weal reducing valve薄膜thin film薄膜; 隔膜diaphragm薄膜式减压阀Diaphragm reducing valve薄型闸阀Thin Gate Valves不封闭式Unseal type槽车球阀Tank Lorry Ball Valves颤振Flutter常闭式Normally closed type常开式Normally open type超低温阀门Cryogenic valve超高压阀门Super high pressure valve超过压力Overpressure of a safety valve衬胶隔膜阀rubber lined diaphragm衬胶截止阀rubber lined globe valve垂直板式蝶阀Vertical disc type butterfly valve磁耦合截止阀Magnetic Co-operate Globe Valves带补充载荷的安全阀Supplementary loaded safety valve 带辅助装置的安全阀Assisted safety valve单阀碟双面平行密封闸阀parallel single disk gate valve 单口排气阀Single Opening Exhaust Valves单向阀Non-return Valve单闸板Single gate disc单闸板平板闸阀Single Disc Flat Gate Valves弹簧薄膜式减压阀Spring diaphragm reducing valve弹簧式安全阀Direct spring loaded safety valve弹簧座Spring plate弹性闸板Flexible gate disc当量计算排量Equivalent calculated capacity挡板damper导阀Pilot valve导向套Valve guide disc guide低温阀门Sub-zero valve低压阀门Low pressure valve底阀bottom valve底阀Foot valve电磁动装置Eletro magnetic actuator电磁阀magnetic valve电磁阀solenoid valve1电磁－液动装置Eletro magnetichydraulic actuator电动阀mortor operated valve电动阀motorized valve电动截止阀Electric Actuated Stop Valves电动平行式双闸板闸板Electric Double Disk Parallel Gate Valves 电动楔式闸阀Electric Actuated Wedge Gate Valves电动装置Electric actuator电－液动装置Eletro hydraulic actuator电液伺服阀electro-hydraulic servovalve调节弹簧Regulation spring调节阀adjusting valve调节阀control valve调节阀regulating valve调节螺套Adjusting bolt Adjusting screw调节圈Adjusting ring蝶板Disc蝶阀；瓣阀butterfly valve蝶阀；瓣阀；拍门；铰链阀flap valve蝶式缓冲止回阀Butterfly Type Non-slam Check蝶式止回阀Butterfly swing check valve定比减压阀Proprutioning pressure reducing valve定差减压阀Fixed differential reducing valve定值减压阀Fixed pressure reducing valve动态特性Dynamic characteristics对焊连接阀Buttwelding valves对夹蝶板阀Wafer plate valves对夹式衬胶蝶阀Wafer Type Butterfly Valves with Rubber Itning 对夹式阀门Clamp valves对夹式止回阀Wafer Check Valves额定排量Certified capacity额定排量系数Derated coefficient of discharge 二通阀Two-way valves阀valve阀板valve deck plate阀板valve plate阀板式活塞泵valve deck plate type piston pump 阀板式活塞泵valve plate type piston pump阀瓣Disc阀操纵杆valve operating rod阀痤槽valve seat recess阀挡valve grid阀挡valve positioner阀挡valve stop阀导杆valve tail rod阀导向器valve guide阀盖bonnet阀盖衬套bonnet bush阀盖垫片bonnet gasket阀杆stem阀杆valve rod阀杆valve spindle阀杆端部尺寸Dimmension of valve stem end阀杆环stem ring阀杆螺母Yoke bushing Yoke nut阀杆填料stem packing阀杆头部尺寸Dimension of valve stem head阀簧valve spring阀簧压板valve spring plate阀控水锤泵valve-controlled hydraulic ram阀框架valve yoke2阀门Valve阀门传动装置valve bandle set阀门和管件Valves and Fittings阀门盘根valve packing阀门手柄valve handle阀盘disc阀盘valve disc阀片Disc阀球valve ball阀驱动臂valve driving arm阀驱动臂valve motion arm阀式活塞valve type piston阀式活塞valve type bucket阀室式活塞泵valve box type piston pump阀室式活塞泵（美）valve pot type piston pump 阀抬起装置valve lifting device阀体body阀体valve body阀箱valve box阀箱valve cage阀箱valve chest阀箱；阀限位器valve guard阀箱盖cover for valve box阀箱盖valve box cover阀箱式活塞泵（美）turret type piston pump阀形活塞泵valve type piston pump阀座Seat ring阀座valve carrier阀座valve seat(body seat)阀座；阀盘valve seat阀座环seat ring阀座密封嵌条sealing strip for valve seat法兰flange法兰堵头blind flange法兰端flange end法兰接头flange joint法兰连接紧固件（双头螺栓和螺帽）flange bolting法兰密封面，法兰面flange facing法兰面加工flange facing finish法兰球阀Flange Ball Valves翻板阀Flap反冲盘Disc holder反向作用式减压阀Reverse acting reducing valve反向作用式减压阀Reverse acting reducing valve放空阀emptying valve放气阀air vent valve;vent valve放气阀；排气阀air evacuation valve放泄阀escape valve分置阀室式活塞泵separate valve box type piston pump 分置阀室式活塞泵（美）side pot type piston pump封闭式Seal type浮动式球阀Float ball valve浮球Ball float浮球阀Float Valve浮球式疏水阀Ball float steam trap浮球式疏水阀Free Float Type Steam Trap浮桶Bucket float浮桶式疏水阀Open bucket steam trap辅助（副）阀Auxiliary valves负荷率Rate of load condensate3附加背压力Superimposed back pressure复位弹簧Returnning spring杠杆式Lever type杠杆式安全阀Lever and weight loaded safety valve 杠杆式减压阀Lever reducing valve高温阀门High temperature valve高压阀门High pressure valve格兰密封gland隔离阀isolating valve隔膜Diaphragm隔膜阀diaphragm valve隔膜式控制阀diaphragm operated comtrol valve工作背压Operating back pressure工作温度Operating temperature工作温度Working temperature工作压差Operting differential pressure工作压力Operating pressure工作压力Working pressure公称通径Nominal diameter公称压力Nominal pressure固定式球阀Fixed ball valve关闭压力Lockup pressure关阀过冷度Subcooled temperature of close valve关阀温度Closing valve temperature管道安全阀Piping Safety Valves过冷度Subcoold temperature过流阀(或节流阀) Restrictor Valves喉径Throat diameter滑阀slide valve滑阀式回转活塞泵rotary piston pump with slide gate滑阀型转子泵eccentric rotary pump with sliding sleeve环形阀annular valve环形阀double beat valve换向阀selector valve换向阀shuttle valve回转滑阀活塞泵piston pump with rotary gate回座压力Re-seating pressure of a safety valve活塞暱减压阀Piston reducing valve活塞式阀piston valve活塞式阀；柱塞式阀plunger valve活塞式减压阀Piston reducing valve减速阀Deceleration valves减压比Pressure reducing ratio减压阀pressure reducing valve浆液阀Parallel Slide Valves角阀Angle Valve角阀isolation valve angle configuration角式Angie type角式节流阀Angle Throttle Valves角式截止阀Angle Stop valves铰链阀；片状阀flapper valve节流阀throttle valve节流阀choke valve节流阀；节流throttle结构长度Face-to-face dimension ;End-to-end dimension;Face-to-centre dimension结构形式Type of construction截止阀Globe valve截止阀Shut-off Valve截止阀；关断阀shut-off valve4截止式隔膜阀Globe diaphragm valve紧急切断阀Emergeny Cut-off Valves进气阀air intake valve进水阀；进口阀门inlet valve静态特性Static characteristics静态特性偏差Static characteristics derivation开阀过冷度Subcooled temperature of open valve 开阀温度Opening valve temperature开启高度Lift壳体试验Shell test壳体试验压力Seal test pressure空气阀门Air valves快速排污阀Quick Draining Valves类型Type冷凝结水排量Cold condensate capacity冷态试验差压力Cold differential test pressure理论排量Theoretical flowing capacity连接槽尺寸Dimension of connecting channel连接尺寸Conncetion cimension连接形式Type of connection帘面积Curtain area流道面积Flow area流道直径Flow diameter流量孔板flow orifice plate流量控制阀flow control valve流量特性Flow characteristics流量特性偏差Flow characteristics derivation漏汽量Steam loss脉冲式疏水阀Impulse steam trap密封面Sealing face密封试验Seal test密封试验压力Seal test pressure明杆平行式双闸板闸板Double Disk Parallel Gate Valves明杆闸阀Outside screw stem rising through handwheel type gate valve 膜片Diaphragm内压自封Pressure seat逆止阀；止回阀check valve逆止阀；止回阀non-return valve逆止阀;止回阀;单向阀check valve排放背压力Brilt-up back pressure排放压力Relieving pressure排灰阀Ash valves排量系数Coefficient of discharge排气阀air release valve排气阀Exhaust valves排气阀Vent Valve排水阀Drainage valves排水温度Temperature at discharging condensate排污阀blowdown valve排污箱(阀) Waste Valves排渣闸阀Scum Gate Valves盘阀moushroom valve盘状阀plate valve旁路阀by pass valve配汽活塞阀缸套piston valve line喷射阀injection valve喷射阀sprayer valve喷水阀spray water valve频跳Chatter平衡阀Balance valves5平衡式Balance type平行式闸阀Parallel gate valve Parallel slide valve 启闭件Disc启闭压差Blowdown of a safety valve起始升程Commencement of lift气动装置Pneumatic actuator气阀摇臂valve arm气－液动装置Pneumatic-hydraulic actuator潜水电泵(排污泵) Submerged Motor Pumps切断阀;截止阀block valve;shut-off valve;stop valve 切断式止回阀stop check valve切换阀;多向阀changeover valve球、球芯Ball球阀Ball valve球阀globe valve球体Ball全启式安全阀Fall lift safety valve热凝结水排量Hot condensate capacity入口隔离门suction isolating valve塞子Plug三通阀three-way isolating valve三通阀three-way valve三通式Three way type上密封Back seat上密封试验Back seal test渗漏量Leckage升降立式止回阀Vertical lift check valve升降式止回阀Lift check valve适用介质Suitable medium适用温度Suitable temperature手摇油泵(阀) Manual Oil Pumps Valves疏水阀drain valve双金属片式疏水阀Bimetal elements steam trap双口排气球Double Opening Exhaust Valves双联弹簧式安全阀Duplex safety valve双闸板Double gate disc双闸板平板闸阀Double Disc Flat Gate Valves水封闸阀Water Seal Gate Valves水力喷射器(真空泵) Vacuum Pumps伺服阀servovalve填料Packing填料垫Packing seat填料函Stuffing填料式旋塞阀Gland packing plug valve填料箱Stuffing box填料压盖Gland通气阀breather valve通气阀；呼吸器breather通用阀门General valve吐出阀；排出阀discharge valve吐出阀限位器delivery valve guard微启式安全阀Low lift safety valve微阻缓闭止回阀Tiny Drag Slow Shut Check Valves 吻合度Percent of contact area蜗轮传动蝶阀Butterfly Valves with Gear Actuator 蜗轮传动装置Wormgear actuator屋脊式隔膜阀Weir diaphragm valve无阀泵valveless pump无阀隔膜泵valveless diaphragm pump无阀振动泵valveless vibration pump6无负荷漏汽量No-load steam loss无负荷漏汽率Rate of no-load steam loss吸（抽）气阀Aspirating valves吸入阀suction valve吸入阀限位器suction valve guard先导式安全阀Pilot operated safety valve先导式液压阀Pilot-operated reducing valve相对静偏差Relative static characteristics derivation相对流量特性偏差Relative flow characteristics derivation相对压力特性偏差Relative pressure characteristics derivation 销轴Hinge pin楔式闸阀Wedge gate valve斜板式蝶阀Indined disc butterfly valve泄料（放空，排污）阀Blowdown valves泄压阀Decompression valves泄压阀pressure release valve泄压阀；安全阀relief valve卸荷式减压阀Balanced reducing valve型号Type Model旋启多瓣式止回阀Multi-disc swing foot valve旋启式止回阀Swing check valve旋启双瓣式底阀Double disc swing foot valve旋塞阀Cock旋塞阀plug valve压力（増压）阀Pressure valve压力调节阀；压力控制阀pressure controlled valve压力特性Pressure characteristics压力特性偏差Pressure characteristics derivation压力增长系数Pressure increasing ratio摇杆Arm液动装置Hydraulic actuator液化气管件LPG Pipe Fitting液下泵Under Water Pumps液压执行器hydraulic actuator仪表针形截止阀Meter Needle Type Globe Valves 溢流阀overflow valve翼形阀；锥形阀wing valve油封式旋塞阀Lubricated plug valve有阀翼板double acting wing有阀翼板wing with valve有负荷漏汽量Load steam loss有负荷漏汽率Rate of load steam loss圆板阀；圆盘阀disc valve圆盘式疏水阀Shemostatic team trap圆柱齿轮传动装置Cylindrical gear actuator圆锥齿轮传动装置Conical gear actuator闸板Wedge disc闸板式隔膜阀Wedge diaphragm valve闸阀gate valve闸阀sluice valve针形阀Pintle valve ; Needle valve真空破坏阀vacuum breaker valve蒸汽疏水阀Automatic steam trap Trap整定压力Set pressure正向作用式减压阀Direct acting reducing valve支架Yoke直接载荷式安全阀Direct loaded safety valve直接作用式减压阀Direct-acting reducing valve直流式Y-globe type直流式截止阀Oblique Stop Valve7直通单向阀inline check valve直通单向阀straightway check valve直通阀Throughway Valve止回阀Check Valve止回阀；回流阀reflux valve制动阀Brake valves中压阀门Middle pressure valve钟形浮子式疏水阀Inverted bucket steam trap钟形罩Inverted bucket轴套Axis Guide主阀Main valve主要外形尺寸Prime out-form dimensions主要性能参数Specifeca tion speeification注液漏斗阀Priming Tundish Valve柱塞阀Plunger valve柱塞截止阀Plunger Globe Valve柱塞型摆动阀rocking plunger valve撞击手轮Impact handwheel锥形阀；翼形阀conical valve自动循环阀Automatic Recirculation Valve组合阀Combination valves最大过冷度Maximum subcoold temperature最大流量Maximum flow rate最大压差Maximum differential pressure最低工作压力Minimum operating pressure最高背压率Maximum rate of back pressure最高工作背压Maximum operating back pressure最高工作温度Maximum operating temperature最高工作压力Maximum operating pressure最高排水温度Maximum temperature at discharging最高允许温度Maximum allwable temperature 最高允许压力Maximum allowable pressure最小过冷度Minimum subcooled temperature 最小压差Minimum differntial pressure8水泵专业术语Vertical multistage centrifugal pump with barrel casing具有筒型泵壳的立式多级离心泵Sectional bell 钟型吸入口Lower sleeve bearing 下套筒轴承First stage snap ring 第一级卡圈Diffuser 扩压器First stage impeller retaining collar第一级叶轮挡圈Second stage impeller and above 第二级叶轮并往上类推Tank 筒体Spacer column 定距接管Intermediate gasket 中垫片Blind flange gasket 法兰盲板垫片Lower shaft sleeve 下轴套Inlet 进口Stuffing box bushing 填料函衬套Upper gasket 上垫片Intermediate shaft sleeve 中轴套Seal cage 密封腔Gland bolt 压盖螺栓Complete coupling 整套联轴器Motor support column 电动机支柱Motor half coupling lock nut 电动机半联轴器的锁紧螺母Pump half coupling lock nut 泵联轴器的锁紧螺母Upper shaft sleeve 上轴套Gland 压盖Complete piping 连通管Packing填料Discharge 出口Stuffing box 填料函Nozzle head bushing 接管衬套Balance disc 平衡盘Nozzle head 接管Lower gasket 下垫片Shaft with key 带键的轴Diffuser ring 扩压环Upper sleeve ring 上部轴套密封环First stage impeller retaining ring 第一级叶轮挡圈Suction bell ring 钟型吸入罩Casing 泵体Adjustable gasket 调整垫片Cock screw 紧定螺钉Thrust ring 推力环Pin 销Terminal box 接线盒RB cover RB端盖Seal washer密封垫圈Vent valve排气阀Circulation pipe 循环管Union 活接头Thrust nut 止推螺母Rotor 转子Rotor can 转子屏蔽套stator can 定子屏蔽套stator 定子pump support 机架baseplate 底座plug 塞子horizontal single-stage double-suction volute pump 卧式单级双吸蜗壳泵9vertical-shaft end-suction double volute casing pump立式端吸双蜗壳泵vertical wet-pit diffuser pump bowl 带扩压器的立式深井泵shaft-enclosing tube轴套管column pipe 柱状套管bearing bushing 轴承套(衬)suction bowl 吸入筒connector bearing 接头轴承oil cup 油杯casing ring 泵体密封环seal piping 密封液管shaft collar 轴环bearing spacer 轴承隔离圈, 轴承定距环double volute 双蜗壳casing 泵壳frame 悬架discharge bowl 排出筒net positive suction head (NPSH) 汽蚀余量suction cover 吸入端泵盖seal driving 动环传动销, 密封套拨杆seal drive sleeve 动环传动套筒, 密封传动套mechanical seal 机械密封seal end plate 密封端压盖inner oil seal 内侧(轴承)油封bearing cap 轴承盖journal bearing 径向轴承bearing housing 轴承箱spacer sleeve 定距套thrust bearing 止推轴承bearing lock nuts 轴承锁紧螺母seal joint 密封压环constant level oiler 恒液位油杯soft packing 软填料gland 压盖seal cover 密封盖10工程建设现场英语五百句目录1、问候和介绍（36句）GREETINGS AND INTRODUCTIONS2、交谈语言（24句）TALKING ABOUT LANGUAGES3、日期和时间（20句）DATES AND TIMES4、天气和环境（20句）WEATHER AND ENVIRONMENT5、在会议上（34句）AT THE MEETING6、工程项目（20句）ENGINEERING PROJECT7、计划与进度（20句）PLANNING AND SCHEDULING8、技术资料与图纸（34句）TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS AND DRAWINGS 9、公用工程（20句）UTILITY10、施工现场（44句）AT THE JOB SITE11、设备检验（30句）INSPECTION OF THE EQUIPMENT12、土建工程（18句）CIVIL ENGINEERING13、施工机械（18句）CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY14、常用工具（22句）COMMON TOOLS15、工程材料（18句）ENGINEERING MATERIALS16、设备安装（24句）ERECTION OF THE EQUIPMENT17、工艺管道（22句）PROCESS PIPING18、质量管理（20句）QUALITY CONTROL19、试车和开工（30句）TEST RUN AND START-UP20、在宴会上（26句）AT THE BANQUET附录一、基数和序数、分数、倍数、百分数附录二、常见各国标准代号附录三、常见外国学会和协会机构附录四、度量衡表11一、问候和介绍（36句）GREETINGS AND INTRODUCTIONS1 How do you do?你好吗？（初次见面）2 How are you?你好吗？（日常见面）3 Fine,thanks.很好，谢谢。
Creo Elements Pro 5.0 管道设计培训说明书
Piping using Creo Elements/Pro5.0(formerly Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire5.0)OverviewCourse Code TRN-2246-TCourse Length3DaysIn this course,you will learn how tomanually create(non-specificationdriven)mechanical piping designs usingPro/ENGINEER Wildfire.This includeslearning how to configure pipelines,howto route pipelines,and how to insert pipefittings such as valves and reducers.You will also learn how to createspecification driven industrial pipingdesigns using Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire.This includes learning how to useschematic diagrams created withRouted Systems Designer to drive3-Dindustrial piping designs created withinPro/ENGINEER Wildfire.You will learn how to document pipingdesigns by creating drawings that includeBOM tables,pipe bend tables,andengineering information.You will alsolearn how to export ISOGEN format filesfor creating pipeline,spool and systemsisometric drawings.Course Objectives•Understand the manual piping designprocess.•Understand the specification-drivenpiping design process.•Create piping assembly structures.•Configure and route pipelines.•Move and modify pipelines.•Create pipe solids and fabricate pipes.•Configure and insert fittings.•Create piping report information.•Create piping drawings.•Configure a piping specificationdatabase.•Configure project specific data files.•Create specification-driven pipelines.•Create schematic driven pipelines.Prerequisites•Introduction to Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire5.0Audience•This course is intended for engineers,involved in the3-D routing of mechanical piping systems and industrial piping systems.AgendaDay1Module1Introduction to PipingModule2Creating Piping Assembly StructuresModule3Configuring and Routing PipelinesModule4Moving and Modifying PipelinesModule5Configuring and Inserting FittingsDay2Module6Creating Solid Pipeline ModelsModule7Gathering Piping InformationModule8Creating Piping DrawingsModule9Specification Database OverviewModule10Setting Up Specification Databases:PipingModule11Setting Up Specification Databases:FittingsDay3Module12General Master Catalog FilesModule13Configuring Project Specific Data FilesModule14Specification-Driven Routing and Inserting Fittings Module15Using RSD Process and Instrumentation Diagrams Data Module16Schematic Driven Pipeline ModelingModule17Using ISOGEN PCF Data。
建筑行业专业英语词语表达
Asphalt （Bitumen） and Asbestos 沥青和石棉Non-Ferrous Metal 有色金属Anti-Corrosion Materials 防腐蚀材料Drafting 制图方案scheme, draft 草图sketch 服务用房service room 更衣室locker room 厕所lavatory 衣柜间ward robe 暖风间H.V.A.C room 多功能用房utility room 披屋（阁楼） penthousee. ROOFING AND CEILING 屋面及天棚女儿墙parapet 雨蓬canopy 屋脊roof ridge 坡度slope 坡跨比pitch 檐口eave 挑檐overhanging eave 檐沟eave gutter 平屋面flat roof 坡屋面pitched roof 檩条purlin 屋面板roofing board 天花板ceiling board 防水层water-proof course 吊顶suspended ceiling, false ceiling 檐板（窗帘盒） cornicef. WALL （CLADDING）墙体（外墙板）砌块墙block wall 清水砖墙brick wall without plastering 抹灰墙rendered wall 石膏板墙gypsum board, plaster board 纵墙longitudinal wall 横墙transverse wall 填充墙filler wall 防火墙fire wall 窗间墙wall between window 空心墙cavity wall 圈梁gird, girt, girth 玻璃隔断glazed wall 遮阳板sunshade 伸缩缝expansion joint 复合夹心板sandwich board 压型单板corrugatedsingle steel plate 外墙板claddingpanel 复合板composite panelg. FLOOR AND TRENCH 地面及地沟地坪grade 地面和楼面ground andfloor 垫层bedding course, blinding 面层covering, finish 结合层bonding（binding） course 水磨石地面terrazzo flooring 马赛克地面mosaicflooring 瓷砖地面ceramic tile flooring预制水磨石地面precast terrazzoflooring 排水沟drainage trench 沟盖板trench cover 活动盖板removablecover plate 镶板门panelled door 夹板门plywood door 铝合金门aluminumalloy door 卷帘门roller shutter door 弹簧门swing door 推拉门sliding door平开门side-hung door 折叠门foldingdoor玻璃门glazed door 密闭门air-Tightdoor 保温门thermal insulating door 镀锌铁丝网门galvanized steel wiremesh door 防火门fire door（大门上的）小门wicket门框door frame 门扇door leaf 门洞door opening 疏散门emergencydoor 纱门screen door 门槛door sill门边木stile 门樘侧料side jumb 槽口notch 铝合金窗aluminum alloywindow 百叶窗（通风为主） sun-bind, louver（louver, shutter, blind）塑钢窗plastic steel window 空腹钢窗hollowsteel window 固定窗fixed window 平开窗side-hung window 推拉窗sliding window 气窗transom 上悬窗top-hung window 中悬窗center-pivoted window 下悬窗hopperwindow 活动百叶窗adjustable louver天窗skylight 老虎窗dormer window密封双层玻璃sealed double glazing钢筋混凝土过梁reinforced concretelintel 钢筋砖过梁reinforced bricklintel 窗扇casement sash旋转门revolving door窗台window sill窗台板window board窗中梃mullion 窗横木mutin 窗边木stile 压缝条cover mould 窗帘盒curtain box 合页( 铰链) hinge (butts) 转轴pivot 长脚铰链parliament hinge 闭门器door closer 地弹簧floor closer 插销bolt 门锁door lock 拉手pull 链条chain 门钩door hanger 碰球ball latch 窗钩window catch 暗插销insert bolt 电动开关器electric opener 平板玻璃plate glass 夹丝玻璃wire glass 透明玻璃clear glass 毛玻璃(磨砂玻璃) ground glass (frosted glass) 防弹玻璃bullet-proof glass 石英玻璃quartz glass 磨光玻璃polished glass 着色玻璃pigmented glass 玻璃瓦glass tile 玻璃砖glass block 有机玻璃organic glass I. STAIRCASE, LANDING & LIFT (ELEVATOR) 楼梯、休息平台及电梯楼梯间staircase 疏散梯emergency stair 旋转梯spiral stair (circular stair)吊车梯crane ladder直爬梯vertical ladder 踏步step 扇形踏步winder (wheel step) 踏步板tread 档步板riser 踏步宽度tread width 防滑条non-slip insert (strips) 栏杆railing (balustrade) 平台栏杆platform railing 吊装孔栏杆railing around mounting hole 扶手handrail 梯段高度height of flight 防护梯笼protecting cage (safety cage) 平台landing (platform) 楼梯平台stair landing 自动扶梯escalator 观光电梯observation elevator 电梯坑lift pit 电梯井道lift shaftj. BUILDING MATERIAL WORDS AND PHRASES 建筑材料词汇及短语Bricks and Tiles 砖和瓦粘土砖clay brick 瓷砖glazed brick (ceramic tile) 防火砖fire brick 空心砖hollow brick 面砖facing brick 地板砖flooring tile 马赛克mosaic 陶粒混凝土ceramsite concrete 琉璃瓦glazed tile 脊瓦ridge tile 石棉瓦asbestos tile (shingle) 波形石棉水泥瓦corrugated asbestos cement sheetLime, Sand and Stone 灰、砂和石石膏gypsum 汉白玉white marble 碎石crushed stone 毛石rubble 蛭石vermiculite 珍珠岩pearlite 水磨石terrazzo 卵石cobble 砾石gravel 粗砂course sand 中砂medium sand 细砂fine sandCement, Mortar and Concrete 水泥、砂浆和混凝土硅酸盐水泥silicate cement 火山灰水泥pozzolana cement 白水泥white cement水泥砂浆cement mortar 石灰砂浆lime mortar 水泥石灰砂浆( 混合砂浆) cement-lime mortar 保温砂浆thermal mortar 防水砂浆water-proof mortar 耐酸砂浆acid-resistant mortar 耐碱砂浆alkaline-resistant mortar 沥青砂浆bituminous mortar 灰缝mortar joint 钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete 轻质混凝土lightweight concrete 细石混凝土fine aggregate concrete 沥青混凝土asphalt concrete 泡沫混凝土foamed concrete 炉渣混凝土cinder concreteFacing And Plastering Materials 饰面及粉刷材料水刷石granitic plaster斩假石artificial stone刷浆lime wash可赛银casein大白浆white wash麻刀灰打底hemp cuts and lime as base喷大白浆两道sprayed twice with white wash分格抹水泥砂浆cement mortar plaster sectioned板条抹灰lath and plasterAsphalt(Bitumen) and Asbestos 沥青和石棉沥青卷材asphalt felt沥青填料asphalt filler沥青胶泥asphalt grout冷底子油adhesive bitumen primer 沥青玛啼脂asphaltic mastic沥青麻丝bitumastic oakum石棉板asbestos sheet石棉纤维asbestos fiberTimber 木材裂缝crack透裂split环裂shake干缩shrinkage翘曲warping原木log圆木round timber方木square timber板材plank木条batten板条lath木板board红松red pine 白松white pine落叶松deciduous pine云杉spruce柏木cypress白杨white poplar桦木birch 冷杉fir 栎木oak 榴木willow 榆木elm 杉木cedar 柚木teak樟木wood 防腐处理的木材preservative-treated lumber 胶合板plywood 三(五)合板3(5)-plywood 企口板tongued and grooved board 层夹板laminated plank 胶合层夹木材glue-laminated lumber 纤维板fiber-board 竹子bambooMetallic Materials 金属材料黑色金属ferrous metal 圆钢steelbBar 方钢square steel 扁钢steel strap,flat steel 型钢steel section (shape) 槽钢channel 角钢angle steel 等边角钢equal-leg angle不等边角钢unequal-leg angle 工字钢I-beam 宽翼缘工字钢wide flange I-beam丁( 之)字钢T-bar (Z-bar) 冷弯薄壁型钢light gauge cold-formed steel shape 热轧hot-rolled 冷轧cold-rolled合金钢alloy steel 钛合金titanium alloy不锈钢stainless steel 竹节钢筋corrugated steel bar 变形钢筋deformedbar 光圆钢筋plain round bar 钢板steelplate 薄钢板thin steel plate 低碳钢lowcarbon steel 冷弯cold bending 钢管steel pipe (tube) 无缝钢管seamlesssteel pipe 焊接钢管welded steel pipe 黑铁管iron pipe 镀锌钢管galvanized steelpipe 铸铁cast iron 生铁pig iron 熟铁wrought iron 镀锌铁皮galvanized steelsheet 镀锌铁丝galvanized steel wire 钢丝网steel wire mesh 多孔金属网expanded metal 锰钢managanese steel高强度合金钢high strength alloy steelNon-Ferrous Metal 有色金属金gold 白金platinum 铜copper 黄铜brass 青铜bronze 银silver 铝aluminum 铅leadAnti-Corrosion Materials 防腐蚀材料聚乙烯polythene, polyethylene冷拉cold-drawn尼龙nylon冷压cold-pressed聚氯乙烯PVC (polyvinyl chloride) 磁漆enamel paint 轻工业的light industrial聚碳酸酯polycarbonate 干性油drying oil 古代建筑ancient architecture聚苯乙烯polystyrene 稀释剂thinner 现代建筑modern architecture丙烯酸树酯acrylic resin 焦油tar 标准化建筑standardized buildings 乙烯基酯vinyl ester 沥青漆asphalt paint 附属建筑auxiliary buildings橡胶内衬rubber lining 桐油tung oil, Chinese wood oil 城市规划city planning氯丁橡胶neoprene 红丹red lead 厂区内within site沥青漆bitumen paint 铅油lead oil 厂区外offsite环氧树脂漆epoxy resin paint 腻子putty 封闭式closed type氧化锌底漆zinc oxide primerk. OTHER ARCHITECTURAL TERMS 其它开敞式open type防锈漆anti-rust paint建筑术语半开敞式semi-open type耐酸漆acid-resistant paint 模数制modular system耐碱漆alkali-resistant paintDiscipline 专业单位造价unit cost水玻璃sodium silicate建筑architecture概算preliminary estimate树脂砂浆resin-bonded mortar土木civil承包商constructor, contractor环氧树脂epoxy resin给排水water supply and drainage现场siteBuilding Hardware 建筑五金总图plot plan扩建extension钉子nails采暖通风H.V.A.C (heating 、ventilation改建reconstruction螺纹屋面钉spiral-threaded roofing nail and air conditioning)防火fire-prevention环纹石膏板钉annular-ring gypsum 电力供应electric power supply防震aseismatic, quake-proofboard nail电气照明electric lighting防腐anti-corrosion螺丝screws电讯telecommunication 防潮dump-proof平头螺丝flat-head screw仪表instrument 防水water-proof螺栓bolt热力供应heat power supply 防尘dust-proof普通螺栓commercial bolt动力mechanical power防锈rust-proof高强螺栓high strength bolt工艺process technology 车流量traffic volume预埋螺栓insert bolt管道piping 货流量freight traffic volume 胀锚螺栓cinch boltConventional Terms 一般通用名词人流量pedestrian volume垫片washer建筑原理architectonics透视图perspective drawing Paint 油漆建筑形式architectural style 建筑模型building model底漆primer民用建筑civil architectureArchitectural Physics 建筑物理防锈底漆rust-inhibitive primer城市建筑urban architecture 照明illumination防腐漆anti-corrosion paint农村建筑rural architecture 照度degree of illumination调和漆mixed paint农业建筑farm building亮度brightness无光漆flat paint 工业建筑industrial building 日照sunshine透明漆varnish重工业的heavy industrial 天然采光natural lighting 银粉漆aluminum paint光强light intensity 侧光side light 顶光top light 眩光glaze 遮阳sun-shade Name Of Professional role 职务名称项目经理project manager (PM) 设计经理design manager 首席建筑师principal architect 总工程师chief engineer 土木工程师civil engineer 工艺工程师process engineer 电气工程师electrical engineer 机械工程师mechanical engineer 计划工程师planning engineer 助理工程师assistant engineer 实习生probationer 专家specialist, expert 制图员draftsman 技术员technician Drafting 制图总说明general specification 工程说明project specification 采用标准规范目录list of standards and specification adopted 图纸目录list of drawings 平面图plan 局部放大图detail with enlarged scale ．．．平面示意图schematic plan of... ．．．平剖面图sectional plan of... 留孔平面图plan of provision of holes 剖面section 纵剖面longitudinal section 横剖面cross (transverse) section 立面elevation 正立面front elevation侧立面side elevation 背立面back elevation 详图detail drawings 典型节点typical detail 节点号detail No. 首页front page 图纸目录及说明list of contents and description 图例legend 示意图diagram 草图sketch 荷载简图load diagram 流程示意图flow diagram 标准图standard drawing ．．．布置图layout of ... 地形图topographical map 土方工程图earth-work drawing 展开图developed drawing 模板图formworkdrawing 行和栏rows and columns备注remarks 曲线curves -曲折线zigzag line 虚线dotted line实线solid line 影线hatching line 等高线contour Line 环形annular 方形square 矩形rectangle 平行四边形parallelogram 五角形pentagon六角形hexagon 八角形octagon 梯形trapezoid扇形sector 圆锥形cone 椭圆形ellipse, oblong 净高headroom 截面尺寸sectionaldimension 进深depth 单跨single span 双跨double span多跨multi-span 标高elevation,level 室外地面标高groundelevation 室内地面标高floorelevation 柱网column grid 辅助面积service area 通道面积passage area 排水沟drain ditch地漏floor drain 消火栓firehydrant。
工程常用缩写
Engineering abbreviationA AirA/C Air ConditionerA/D Analog/DigitalA/G Above GroundABPR Animal ByproductsABS Acylonitrile Butadiene StyreneABS American Bureau of ShippingABWR Advanced Boiling Water ReactorAC Alternating CurrentAC Asphalt ConcreteACARP Australian Coal Association Research Program ACCU Air Cooled Condensing UnitACI American Concrete InstituteACS American Construction SocietyACT Automatic Custody TransferAD Acid DrainAD Anaerobic DigestionADC Average Daily ConsumptionADIP Amino Di IsopropanolADM Arrow Diagram MethodADR Aluminium Dome RoofAEDC Award Engineering/Design ContractAFBMA Anti Friction Bearing Manufacturers Association AFC Automatic Frequency ControlAFFF Aqueous Film Forming FoamAFNOR Association Francaise de NormalisationAFR Average Flow RateAGA American Gas AssociationAGC Associated General ContractorsAGC Automatic Generation ControlAGMA American Gear Manufacturers AssociationAH Acid HydrocarbonAH Arabian HeavyAHU Air Handling UnitAI Artificial IntelligenceAIHA American Industial Hygiene AssociationAISC American Institute of Steel ConstructionAISI American Iron and Steel InstituteAL AluminiumAL Arabian LightALARA As Low As Reasonably AchievableALARP As Low as Reasonably PracticableALE Abnormal Level EarthquakeALP Articulated Loading PlatformALS Accidental Limit StateAM Amplitude ModulationAM Arabian MediumAMH Actual ManhourAMRS Advanced Mobile Radio SystemANP Acid Neutralisation PitANSI American National Standards InstituteAOF Absolute Open FlowAOV Air Operated ValveAPCS Approved Protective Coating SystemAPD Automated Piping DesignAPI American Petroleum InstituteAPS Applications SoftwareAS Acid SewerASB Asymmetrical BeamASCE American Society of Civil EngineersASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange ASD Allowable Stress DesignASHRAE American Society of Heating, Ventilation and Air C ASME American Society of Mechanical EngineersASP Aluminium Steel PolyethyleneASTM American Society for Testing and MaterialsATB All Trunks BusyATF Alternative Transport FuelsATM AtmosphericATM AtmosphereAUP Average Unit PriceAUT Automated Ultrasonic TestingA VB Atmospheric Vacuum BreakerA VG AverageAW Acid WasteAWEA American Wind Energy AssociationAWG American Wire GaugeAWO Additional Work OrderAWPA American Wood Preservers AssociationAWS American Welding SocietyAWW A American Water Works AssociationB&S Bell and SpigotB.C.D. Bolt Circle DiameterBB Bolted BonnetBBD Boiler Blow DownBBE Bevel Both EndsBC Bolted CoverBC Bolt CircleBCSA British Constructional Steelwork AssociationBD Bolt DownBDR Blast Design RequirementBDT Bulk Data TransferBE Beveled EndBEAST Building Evaluation and Screening ToolBEDD Basic Engineering Design DataBEE Bundesverband Erneuerbare EnergieBEP Break Even ProductionBEV Break Even ValueBF Blind FlangeBFD Block Flow DiagramBFP Backflow PreventionBFW Boiler Feed WaterBH BoreholeBICSI Building Industry Consulting Services Internationa BIOX Biological OxidationBL Battery LimitBLD BlindBLDG BuildingBLE Bevel Large EndBLEVE Boiling Liquid Expanding V apor ExplosionBM Bending MomentBMS Burner Management SystemBO Build, OperateBOB Bottom of BarrelBOD Barrels per Operating DayBOD Biochemical Oxygen DemandBOE Bevel One EndBOF Bottom of FoundationBOM Bill of MaterialBOO Build, Own, OperateBOOT Build, Own, Operate, TransferBOP Bottom of PipeBOP Balance of PlantBOP Blow Out PreventerBOPD Barrels of Oil Per DayBOS Balance of SystemBOT Build, Operate, TransferBPCD Barrels per Calender DayBPD Barrels Per DayBPS Bytes per SecondBR BronzeBRA Building Risk AssessmentBS British StandardsBS British SteelBS Bio SludgeBSD Building Standards DivisionBSE Bevel Small EndBSI British Standards InstitutionBST Baker-Strehlow-TangBTM BottomBTM Buoyant Turret MooringBTU British Thermal UnitBU Business UnitBW Butt WeldBWEA British Wind Energy Association BWPD Barrels of Water per DayC Centigrade; CelsiusC ChemicalC&I Controls and InstrumentationC/R Construction/RepairC/R Change RequestCA CausticCA Congested AreaCA Corrosion AllowanceCAD Computer Aided DesignCADD Computer Aided Drafting and Design CAE Computer Aided Engineering CALC CalculatedCALM Caternary Anchor Leg MooringCAM Congested Area ModellingCAMA Centralised Automatic Message Accounting CAN/CSA Canadian StandardsCAO Certified Acceptance by OperationsCAPEX Capital ExpenditureCARE Conservation Accreditation Register for Engineers CAS Caustic SewerCAT CatalystCB Control BuildingCB Catch BasinCBC Coupled Bonding ConductorCBM Coal Bed MethaneCBNG Coal Bed Natural GasCBR California Bearing RatioCBS Controllable Bent SubC-C Centre to CentreCCC Comodity Classification CodeCCEI Common Class Expansion IndicesCCIR International Radio Consulative Committee CCIS Common Channel Interoffice SignallingCCN Catalog Classification NumberCCO Current Cost OutlookCCPS Centre for Chemical Process SafetyCCS Computer and Communication ServicesCCS Compressor Control SystemCCS Carbon Capture and StorageCCTV Closed Circuit TelevisionCD Chemical DrainCD Closed DrainCDC Central Dispatch CenterCDR Critical Design ReviewCDS Central Dispatch SystemCEMA Conveyor Equipment Manufacturers Association CFP Capital Facilities PlanCFPE Chief Fire Prevention EngineerCFR Code of Federal RegulationsCGA Compressed Gas AssociationCGT Combustion Gas TurbineCGTG Combined Gas Turbine GeneratorCGTG Combustion Gas Turbine GeneratorCHP Combined Heat and PowerCHS Circular Hollow SectionCI Cast IronCIF Cost, Insurance, FreightCIF Community and Industrial FacilityCIRIA Construction Industry Research and Information Ass CIS Contract Information SystemCISHEC Chemical Industry Safety, Health and Environmental CJ Construction JointCJ Contraction JointCL Centre LineCM CentimeterCM Construction ManagerCMT Construction Management TeamCMU Concrete Masonry UnitsCMAA Crane Manufacturers Association of AmericaCNC Computer Numerically ControlledCNPP Country Nuclear Power ProfilesCO Change OrderCO Clean OutCOC Continuously Oily/Chemical Contaminated COGEN Combined GenerationCOL ColumnCOLA Cost of Living AllowanceCOMAH Control Of Major Accident HazardsCOMFAR Computer Model for Feasibility Analysis and Report CONC ConcentricCONN ConnectionCOT Character Orientated TerminalCOTS Commercial Off The ShelfCPF Central Processing FacilityCPLG CouplingCPT Cone Penetration TestCPU Central Processing UnitCPVC Chlorinated Polyvinyl ChlorideCR Computed RadiographyCR ChromiumCRS CentresCRSI Concrete Reinforcing Steel InstituteCRT Cathode Ray TubeCS Chemical SewerCS Construction StartCS Carbon SteelCSA Canadian Standards AssociationCSG Coal Seam GasCSIR Centre of Scientific and Industrial Research CSO Car Sealed OpenCSP Concentrated Solar PowerCSUD Construction Start Up DateCSW Clean Surface WaterCSW Clean Storm WaterCT Coiled TubingCTI Cooling Tower InstituteCTOP Cracked Tip Opening DisplacementCTS Construction Technical SupportCU CopperCW Chilled WaterCW Coated and WrappedCWO Chain Wheel OperatorCWP Cold Working PressureCWP Contractors Work PlanCWR Continuous Welded RailCWR Cooling Water ReturnCWS Cooling Water SupplyD&B Design and BuildD/C Direct ChargeD/P Differential PressureD-A Digital to AnalogDAF Dissolved Air FlotationDASD Direct Access Storage DeviceDA V Data Above V oicedB DecibelDB Design, BuildDB Duct BankdBA Decibels using the A-weighted scaleDBM Design Basis MemorandomDBO Design, Build, OperateDBOT Design, Build, Operate, TransferDBSP Design Base Scoping PaperDC Direct CurrentDCC Disaster Control CentreDCLM Direct Charge List of MaterialsDCS Distributed Control SystemDDC Direct Digital ControllerDDD Direct Distance DialDEA Di Ethanol AmineDEG DegreeDEL Direct Exchange LineDEMA Diesel Engineers Manufacturers Association DFT Dry Film ThicknessDFW Deaerator Feed WaterDGA Di Glycol AmineDI Ductile IronDIA DiameterDID Direct Inward DiallingDIF Dynamic Increase FactorDIM DimensionDIN Deutche Industrie Normen (German Standard) DM De-MineralisationDMS Dynamic Pile MonitoringDMW Demineralised WaterDN Diameter Nominal (Metric)DOBIS Dortmunder BibliothekssystemDOD Direct Onward DiallingDOE Department of EnergyDOT Department of TransportationDOX Direct Overhead ExpenseDP Data ProcessingDP Design PressureDP Dynamic PositionedDP Dial PulseDPC Destination Point CodeDPDT Double Pole Double ThrowDPSR Data Processing Service RequestDRN DrainDRP Distribution Requirement PlanningDS DownspoutDS Discipline SuperintendentDS Data StoreDS Drilling SitesDSC Dye Solar CellsDSI Digital Speech InterpretationDSW Distilled WaterDT Design TemperatureDT Duct TrimsDTDR Dial Tone Delay RecorderDTE Drill Through EquipmentDUV Data Under V oiceDVD Dedicated V oice DispatchDW Drinking WaterDWF Dry Weather FlowDWG DrawingDWT Dead Weight TonnesDWV Drain, Waste, VentE Exhaust SteamE&I Electrical and InstrumentationE&P Exploration and ProductionEA EachEAGE European Association of Geoscientists and Engineer EB Extended BonnetEC EurocodeEC Eddy Current Testing (Examination)ECC EccentricECD Energy Conversion DeviceECL Established Column LineEDH Electrical Duct HeaterEDM Engineering Department ManualEDMS Electronic Document Management SystemEDP Electronic Data ProcessingEEMUA Engineering Equipment and Material Users Associati EF Entrance FacilityEF Evaluation FactorEFD Engineering Flow DiagramsEFRT External Floating Roof TankEFW Electric Fusion WeldedEHF Extra High FrequencyEI End ItemEIA Emergency Instrument AirEIA Electronic Industries AssociationEIA Environmental Impact AnalysisEIS Equipment Inspection ScheduleEIV Emergency Isolation ValveEJ Expansion JointEL ElevationELE Extreme Level EarthquakeELFEXT Equal Level Far End Cross TalkELL ElbowELLIP EllipticalELSBM Exposed Location Single Buoy MooringEMC Electromagnetic CompatibilityEMD Electric Motor DriveEMI Electromagnetic InterferenceEMT Electrical Metallic TubingEOL ElboletEOR Enhanced Oil RecoveryEOT Electric Overhead TravellingEPC Engineering Procurement ConstructionEPCI Engineering Procurement Construction Installation EPCM Engineering, Procurement, Construction Management EPDM Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Terpolymer / EP Rubber EPIC Engineering Procurement Installation Commisioning EQ EqualER Expenditure RequestER Equipment RoomERC Expenditure Request CompletionERL Echo Return LossERM Environmental Resource ManagementERPG Emergency Response Planning GuidelinesERW Electric Resistance WeldedESD Emergency ShutdownESDU Engineering Sciences Data UnitESL Established Site LevelESO Engineering Service OrganisationESO Engineering Service OrderESP Ethane Separation PlantETA Estimated Time of ArrivalETBE Ethyl Tertiary Butyl EtherETLP Extended Tention Leg PlatformETPR Extended Thermal Plastic RubberETS Emissions Trading SchemeEW Eye WashEWA Extra Work AuthorisationEWH Electric Water HeaterEWO Engineering Work OrderF FahrenheitFAB FabricateFAO Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Na FAT Factory Acceptance TestFBE Fusion Bonded EpoxyFBE Flange Both EndsFBHP Flowing Bottom Hole PressureFCAW Flux Cored Arc WeldingFCC Field Control CoordinatorFCC Fluid Cat CrackerFCO Floor Clean OutFD Floor DrainFD Dynamic ForceFDM Frequency Division MultiplexingFDN FoundationFDS Fire Detection SystemFE Finite ElementsFEA Finite Element AnalysisFED STD Federal StandardFEED Front End Engineering DesignFEM Finite Elements ModellingFEP Perfluoro (Ethylene-Propylene) CopolymerFES Flywheel Energy StorageFF First FlushFF Foundation FieldbusFF Finished FloorFF Flat FaceF-F Face to FaceFFL Finished Floor LevelFFP First Flush PondFFS Fitness For ServiceFFW Field Fillet WeldFG Fuel GasFGH High Pressure Fuel GasFGL Finished Ground LevelFGL Low Pressure Fuel GasFGRS Flare Gas Recovery SystemFI Indicating Flow MeterFIG FigureFIN FinishFLE Flexible Large EndFLEX FlexibleFLG FlangeFLNG Floating Liquified Natural GasFLO Flushing OilFLP Floating Loading PlatformFM Factory MutualFM Frequency ModulationFMR Field Material RequisitionFMU Fitting Make UpFNPT Female National (Taper) Pipe ThreadsFO Fuel OilFOB Flat on BottomFOE Flange One EndFOF Face of FlangeFOT Fiber Optic TransmissionFOT Flat on TopFP Full PortFPE Fair Price EstimateFPS Floating Production SystemFPSO Floating Production Storage and Offloading FPU Floating Production UnitFR&P Form, Rebar and PourFRED Fire Release Explosion DispersionFRL Finished Road LevelFRP Fibreglass Reinforced PlasticFRP Fibre Reinforced PlasticFS Finished SurfaceFS Feasibility StudyFS Forged SteelFS Flow SwitchFS Factor of SafetyFSE Flange Small EndFSHR Free Standing Hybrid RiserFSO Floating Storage and OffloadingFT Foot, FeetFTG FittingFTSPM Fixed Tower Single Point MooringFV Full VacuumFW Fillet WeldFW Fire WaterFWHP Flowing Well Head PressureFWHT Flowing Well Head TemperatureFAA Federal Aviation AdministrationG GramGA General ArrangementGA GaugeGALV GalvanisedGASMO Gulf Arab Standards and Measurement Organization GBE Groove Both EndsGC Gas CromatographGE Groove EndGEA Geothermal Energy AssociationGESC General Engineering Services ContractGFRP Glass Fibre Reinforced PlasticGG Gart GasGHG Green House GasGI General InstructionGIM Global Interface MeetingGIP Gas Injection PlantGJ Ground JointGLE Groove Large EndGMAW Gas Metal Arc WeldingGMP Guaranteed Maximum PriceGO Gear OperatorGOE Groove One EndGOM Gulf of MexicoGOR Gas Oil RatioGOS Grade of ServiceGOSP Gas Oil Seperation PlantGPF General Planning Forecastgpm Gallons per MinuteGPS Global Positioning SystemGR GradeGRND Ground(ed)GRP Glass Reinforced PlasticGS Gravity SewerGSE Groove Small EndGSI Geological Strength IndexGSKT GasketGSPD General Service Plant Depreciation GSPR General Service Potential RiseGSS Gravity Sewer SystemGSV Gross Standard V olumeGTAW Gas Tungsten Arc WeldingGTE General Telephone and Electronics GT-MHR Gas Turbine Modular Helium Reactor GWR Guided Wave RadarH HorizontalH HydrogenH2S Hydrogen SulphideHAZ Heat Affected ZoneHAZID Hazard IdentificationHAZOP Hazard and Operability StudyHB Hose BibbHB Hardness Brinell ScaleHCL Hydrochloric AcidHCR Hybrid Catenary RiserHD HeadHD Heavy DensityHD Holding DownHDB Hydrostatic Design BasisHDPE High Density PolyethyleneHDR HeaderHE Heat ExchangerHEX HexagonalHF Hard FacedHF High FrequencyHI Hydraulic Institute StandardHIC Hydrogen Induced CrackingHIPS High Integrity Protection SystemHK Hardness Knoop ScaleHLT Heap Leach TrialHMI Human Machine InterfaceHO High OrderHO Hydraulic OilHOV Hydraulic Operated ValveHP High PressureHP High PointHPFS High Point Finished SurfaceHPG Hyperion Power GenerationHPP High Point PavingHPPT High Pressure Production TrapHPTT High Pressure Test TrapHPAAS High Pressure Air Assist SystemHR Human ResourcesHR15N Hardness Rockwell 15N ScaleHRB Hardness Rockwell B ScaleHRC Hardness Rockwell C ScaleHRSG Heat Recovery Steam GeneratorHSE Health Safety & EnvironmentHSFG High Strength Friction GripHSG Hydrogen Sulphide GasHT Heat TreatmentHU HumidifierHV High V oltageHV Hardness Vickers ScaleHV AC Heating Ventilation Air ConditioningHVL Highly Volatile LiquidHW Hand WheelHz HertzI&C Instrumentation and ControlsI/O Input/OutputIA Instrument AirIALA International Association of Lighthouse Authoritie IAMG International Association for Mathematical Geology IAPMO International Association of Plumbing and Mechani IASS Interantional Association for Shell and Spacial St IBBM Iron Body Bronze MountedIBC International Building CodeIBN Institute Beige de NormalisationIBPS Intermediate Booster Pump StationIC Intermediate Cross ConnectICD Interface Control DocumentICD Inflow Control DevicesICE Institution of Civil EngineersICEA Insulated Cable Engineers AssociationICPR Interantional Concrete Repair InstituteICV Inflow Control ValveID Inside DiameterID Inch DiameterIDA International Development AssociationIEC International Electrotechnical Commision IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IF Inertial FilterIF Intermediate FrequencyIFB Issue for BidIFC International Fire CodeIFC Issued For ConstructionIFR Internal Floating RoofIGCC Integrated Gasification Combined CycleIL Invert LevelILD Instrument Loop DiagramILO International Labour OrganisationIM IntermodulationIMC International Mechanical CodeIMO International Maritime OraganizationIMS Information Management SystemIMTS Improved Mobile Telephone SystemIN InchINS InsulationINT. InternalINTIB Industrial and Technological Information Bank IP Interface PointIPC International Plumbing CodeIPPT Intermediate Pressure Production TrapIPS Intermediate Pump StationIPTI International Petroleum Technology Institute IR Industrial RelationsIR InfraredIREC Interstate Renewable Energy CouncilIRHD International Rubber HardnessIRIS International Reactor Innovative and Secure IRM Inspection, Repair and MaintenanceIRR Internal Rate of ReturnISA Instrument Society of AmericaISA International Society for Measurement and Control ISBL Inside Battery LimitsISD Instrument Segment DiagramISF Industrial Support FacilitiesISLT Indian Spring Low TideISNRS Inside Screw Non Rising StemISO Isometric DrawingISO International Standards OrganizationISO International System StandardISRS Inside Screw Rising StemISS Instrument Specificaton SheetISTRUCTE Institution of Structural EngineersIT Information TechnologyITB Invitation to BidITCS Impact Tested Carbon SteelITP Inspection and Test PlansITS Indirect Tensile StrengthIWA Individual Work AreaJDA Joint Development AgreementJE Joint EfficiencyJIS Japanese Standards AssociationJV Joint VentureKCS Killed Carbon SteelKG KilogramKO Knock OutKPA KilopascalsL LengthL/M List of MaterialsLAN Local Area NetworkLAT Lowest Astronomical TideLCC Life Cycle CostLCD Liquid Crystal DisplayLDF Lay Down in FieldLDPE Low Density PolyethyleneLED Light Emitting DiodeLEL Lower Explosive LimitLFCP Local Fire Control PanelLFGTE Landfill Gas To EnergyLFL Lower Flammable LimitLIBIS Leuvens Integraal Bibliotheek SystemLJ Lap JointLLP Last Landed PriceLMTD Log Mean Temperature DifferenceLNG Liquified Natural GasLO Lube OilLOB Limited Open BookLODMAT Lowest One Day Mean Atmospheric Temperature LP Low PressureLPCPD Litres Per Capita Per DayLPD Loss Prevention DepartmentLPDCPD Litres Per Dental Chair Per DayLPDT Low Pressure Degassing TankLPFS Low Point Finished SurfaceLPG Liquified Petroleum Gas (Propane and Butane) LPG Liquified Petroleum GasLPHPD Litres Per House Per DayLPP Low Point PavingLPPT Low Pressure Production TrapLPSMPD Litres Per Capita Square Meter DayLPT Liquid Penetrant TestLPT Low PointLR Long RadiusLRFD Load and Resistance Factor DesignLS LumpSumLS Lump SumLS Lifting StationLS/PM Lump-sum Procure/BuildLSPB Lumpsum, Procure, BuildLSTK Lumpsum TurnkeyLT Lead TimeLTE Long Tangent ElbowLUP Land Use PermitLV Low V oltageLVL LevelLWN Long Welding NeckM MeterM/E Mechanical/ElectricalmA MilliampereMACs Moves, adds, changesMAG Metal Active Gas WeldingMATICS Material Inventory Control System MAWP Maximum Allowable Working Pressure MAX MaximumMBCD Thousand barrels per Calender Day MBD Thousandd Barrels per DayMBOD Thousand barrels per Operating DayMC Main Cross ConnectMCC Mechanical Completion Certificate MCT Multi Cable TransitMD Measured DepthMDEA Methyl-di-ethynol amineMDMT Minimum Design Metal Temperature MDOF Multi Degree of FreedomME MethanolME Manufacturing EngineeringMEA Mono Ethanol AmineMESG Maximum Experimental Safe GapMF Meter FactorMFAP Membrane Filtration Affinity Purification MFCL Material Flow Control ListMFG ManufacturerMFS Maximum Flooding SurfacesMH Man HoleMHA Motor Head AssemblyMI Malleable IronMIC Minimum Ignition CurrentMICA Materials Investment Control Analyst MIG Metal Inert Gas WeldingMIN MinimumMISC MiscellaneousMJ Movement JointMJ Mechanical JointMMA Manual Metal Arc WeldingMMI Man Machine InterfaceMMS Minerals Management ServiceMMscfd Million standard cubic feet per day MNPT Male National (Taper) Pipe ThreadsMO MolybdenumMO Mist OilMOD Ministry of DefenceMODU Mobile Offshore Drilling UnitMOF Materials Offloading FacilityMOPU Mobile Offshore Production UnitsMOSAIC Materials on Order Status Analysis Information and MOT Ministry of TransportMOU Memorandom of UnderstandingMOU Mobile Offshore UnitMOV Motor Operated ValveMP Magnetic Particle TestingMPFM Multiphase Flow MeterMPMS Manual of Petroleum MeasurementMPP Manpower Projection PlanMPTA Mechanical Power Transmission AssociationMR Material RequisitionMRC Maximum Reservoir ContactMRF Manpower Requirements ForecastMRO Maintenance Repair OperationsMS Mild SteelMSC Maximum Sustained CapacityMSC Metering Supervisory ComputerMSD Material Selection DiagramMSDS Material Safety Data SheetMSE Material System EnhancementsMSIS Material Supply Information SystemsMSL Mean Sea LevelMSO Material Supply OrganisationMSS Manufacturers Standardization SocietyMT Magnetic Particle Testing (Exam)MTBE Methyl Tertiary Butyl EtherMTBF Mean Time Between FailuresMTL MaterialMTO Material Take OffMTR Material Test ReportMTS Material Teleprocessing SystemMW MegawattMW Groundwater Monitoring WellMW MicrowaveMWO Maintenance Work OrderMWP Major Work PhaseMxF Male by FemaleN NitrogenN/A Not ApplicableNACE National Association of Corrosion Engineers NBR Nitrile-Butadiene/Nitrile of BunaN Rubber NCCI Non Contradictory Complimentary Information NCR Non Conformance ReportNCU National Currency UnitNDE Non Destructive ExaminationNDE Net Direct ExpenditureNEC National Electrical CodeNEI Nuclear Energy InstituteNEMA National Electrical Manufacturers Association NESC National Electric Safety CodeNEXT Near End Cross TalkNFPA National Fire Protection AssociationNG Natural GasNG-BUE Non Gaussian Best Unbiased EstimateNGL Natural Gas LiquidsNGLC Natural Gas Liquids CentreNHA National Hydrogen AssociationNI NickelNIPP NippleNIR Near InfraredNMC Network Maintenance CentreNOABL National Wind Speed DatabaseNOC National Oil CompanyNOCC Networks Operations Control CentreNOCC Network Operations Control CentreNPL Neutral Pressure LevelNPS Nominal Pipe SizeNPSH Net Positive Suction HeadNPSHA Net Positive Suction Head AvailableNPSHR Net Positive Suction Head RequiredNPT National (Taper) Pipe ThreadNPV Net Present V alueNPVR Net Present V alue RatioNRC Nuclear Regulatory CommissionNRS Non-Rising SternNRTL Nationally Recognised Testing Laboratory NSF National Sanitation FoundationNSSS National Structural Steelwork SpecificationNTS Not to ScaleO&G Oil and GasO&R Overhaul and RepairOAT Operational Availability TestOBE Open Book EstimateOCIMF Oil Companies International Marine Forum OCMA Oil Companies Materials AssociationOD Outside DiameterOGOEAD Oil and Gas Operations Exploration Applications Di OH On Hand QuantityOHS Occupational Health and SafetyOIO Operational Investment OverheadOO On Order QuantityOPEC Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries OPEX Operating ExpenditureORGANIGRAM Organisational DiagramORIF OrificeOS On StreamOS Oppurtunity StudyOS Oily SludgeOS&Y Outside Screw and YokeOSBL Outside Battery LimitsOSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration OSI Onstream InspectionOSP Oil Supply Planning and SchedulingOT Orienting ToolOTK Oil TankOTM Overturning MomentsOW Oily WaterOWP Oily Waste-Water PondOWPU Oily Water Pre-seperator UnitOWS Oily Water SewerOWSJ Open Web Steel JoistP Oil and Oil ProductsP&IC Purchasing and Inventory ControlP&IDs Process and Instrument DiagramsP/E Planning EngineerP/E Project EngineerP/L Pipe LinePA Process AirPARA ParagraphPATIS Purchasing and Traffic Information System PAW Plasma Arc WeldingPB Process BlockPBE Plain Both EndsPBMR Pebble Bed Modular ReactorPCA Portland Cement AssociationPCB Printed Circuit BoardPCC Powder Control CentrePCCI Power Capital Costs IndexPCI Precast/Prestressed Concrete InstitutePCL Project Construction LeaderPCOS Project Completion SystemPCPT Piezocone PenetrometerPCS Project Completion SchedulePCS Process Control SystemPDC Peak Daily ConsumptionPDM Precedence Diagram MethodPDMS Petroleum Database Management System PDO Plan for Development and OperationPDP Plasma Display PanelPDR Preliminary Design ReviewPDS Plant Design SystemPE Pond EffluentPE Plain EndPE PolyethylenePELFEXT Power Sum Equal Level Far End Cross Talk PEM Project Execution ManualPEP Project Execution PlanPERT Program Evaluation and Review Techniques PES Power and Energy SocietyPES Potential Explosion SitePETROMIN Petroleum and MineralPF Peak FactorPFA Perfluoro (Alkoxyalkane) CopolymerPFC Parallel Flange ChannelPFC Predicted Final CostPFD Process Flow DiagramPFR Peak Flow RatePG Purge GasPGA Peak Ground AccelerationPHC Peak Hourly ConsumptionP-I Pressure ImpulsePIB Process Interface BuildingPIC Indicating Pressure ControllerPIP Process Industry PractisePIP Pipe in PipePIV Post Indicator ValvePL PlatePLC Power Line CarrierPLC Programmable Logic ControllerPLE Plain Large EndPM Project ManagerPM&C Project Management and Construction PMC Project Management ConsultantPMC Project Management ContractPMI Positive Material IdentificationPMS Project Management ServicesPMSC Project Management Services Contract PMSD Project Materials Supply Department PMSO Project Material Services Organisation PMT Project Management TeamPO Pump OutPO Purchase OrderPO Pushed OnPOC Potentially Oil/Chemical Contaminated POE Plain One EndPOM Pipeline Operations ModulePOOH Pulled Out of HolePOS Point of SupportPP Project ProposalPP PolypropylenePPB Parts per BillionPPI Plastics Pipe InstitutePPM Parts per MillionPR Purchase RequisitionPR Pressure ReducerPR Pipe RackPRE-FAT Pre-Factory Acceptance Test。
pds软件简介
SINOPEC与INTERGRAPH签定战略联盟协议
中国化学工程集团公司与 INTERGRAPH签定长期合作意向书
INTERGRAPH国内化工系统用户
化一院（天辰） 化二院（华泰） 化三院（东华） 化四院（五环） 化六院（华陆） 化八院（成达） 中石油东北分公司 中国寰球化学工程公司 上海工程化学设计院 上海化工设计院 中国纺织工业设计院 Eastern Air Products上海 Bayer上海 杭氧液空 东方化工厂 烟台万华聚氨酯股份有限公司 惠生(上海)化工工程有限公司 上海吴泾化工总厂设计院
INTERGRAPH国内石油系统用户
中海石油海洋工程设计公司 中海石油研究中心开发设计院 南海西部石油工程公司 胜利石油管理局勘察设计研究院 石油天然气管道工程有限公司 大庆油田工程设计技术开发有限公司 中国石油集团华东设计院 中原油田设计院
其它国家INTERGRAPH用户 1/9
INTERGRAPH用户 8/9
The Tarrier Steel Company Thermodyn Tianchen Chemical Engineering Corporation TIGA Joint Venture Toshiba Corp. Services Co. Total Fina Elf Toyo Engineering Corporation Transportadora de Gas del Sur Tri-Ocean Natchiq Engineering Ltd. Tsukishima Kikai Co. Ltd. Tyco Control Systems Uhde GmbH UNIS UNITED/Jubail United Petrochemical Co. Vageri Veco Canada Ltd. Vicoma B.V. Viotec Projects Visual Software Systems Inc. VTGI W.S. Nelson & Co. Wacker Chemie
桥吊中英文对照表
接头根部
Joint root
焊后状态
As-welding
接头焊接工艺
Joint welding procedure
衰减
attenuation
机器焊接
Machine welding
自动焊接
Automatic welding
手工焊
Manual welding
清根
Back gouging
焊接加强高
Reinforcement of weld
根部间隙
Root gap
General通用
法规，规范
code
标准
standard
暂行标准
tentative standard
达到标准
come up to the standard
定标准
fix (set up) a standard
标书，技术规格
specification
评价
ment
试样
specimen
可跟踪性
traceability
预先具有资格
prequalify
判定，评价
judge
责任
responsibility, obligation, duty
折衷，兼顾
compromise
官方，管理局
authority
样本
sample
on the stipulation that
合同
contract
签订合同
sign a contract
拟订合同
draw up a contract
违约
breach of contract
代理人
轮机专业component模块
第五章 Components 的使用5.1. 简介设备、部件、管系、电缆、通风以及铁舾装件是舾装生产数字化设计中重要组成部分。
通过向设计完成的船体数字空间中调用设备及铁舾装件，按设计规范进行布置，再通过在同一场景下按系统设计与规范要求进行的管、风、电的布放，将完成船舶舾装的数字化放样设计。
但是，几何元素的布置并不能满足企业对于生产信息提取、组织、集配的需要。
在大的空间中设备与各种舾装件的布置许多是基于约束条件或基于特征映射的装配过程。
上述这些信息，必须通过信息处理器加以整理，进入Tribon 系统。
Tribon 系统为用户提供了Components 信息处理，它通过编码的形式，由用户将各类相关的信息（如形状、标准说明、重量、连接信息等）加以整理输入到计算机中供系统与用户的查询、调用，使数字化设计的虚拟船舶成为具有PIM(Product Information Model)产品信息模型。
5.2. Components 的启动在Windows 下点取：开始→程序→Tribon M3→Outfitting →Components在文件管理器中包含了管子、电气、通风、舱室、基座、电缆，铁舾、绝缘、紧固件、家具，梯子、构件、其它。
轮机专业主要使用的有Piping 、Venilation 、Insulation 3个分类。
每个分类下又分成了更多的子类。
下面是以piping 为例：Piping包括：管路连接件、法兰、阀、连接件、管材、管路附件、一般附件。
下面我们完全打开一个目录来了解一下components的结构：其中piping是主类，couplings是piping的类，2-way couplings是couplings的子类，straight coupling是2-way couplings的族。
CB53-80F是straight coupling的1个成组的项，图标是下面还有一个具体的成员CB53-80F-1，CB53-80F-1就是我们在建模是选择的Components名称。
石油涉外钻井英语-沙特阿美常用缩略词-对照表
Abbreviation Detail+VE PositiveA/D Analog/DigitalAACE American Association of Cost Engineers AAR After Action ReviewABC Antecedents, Behavior, Consequences ABHD Abu Hadriya AramcoABJF Abu Jifan AramcoABL Alternate Borehole LinerABQQ Abqaiq AramcoABR Additional Budget RequestABSF Abu Sa'fah AramcoAC Alternating CurrentAC Alternating Current or Air Conditioning Aramco ACC Acceptable Ceiling Concentration Aramco ACD Above chart datumACGIH American Conference Of Governmental Industrial Hygienists AramcoACI American Concrete Institute AramcoACS Anti-Collision System AramcoACT Accident Control TechniqueACV Approved Contract ValueAD Assistant DrillerADM Arrow Diagram Method AramcoADS Applications Software Development System AEA Asia Emergency AssistanceAED Automated External DefibrillationAEDC Award Engineering/Design ContractAEIC Association of Edison Illuminating companies AELB Atomic Energy Licensing ActAEOS All Employees Opinion SurveyAFBMA Anti-Friction Bearing Manufacturers Association AramcoAFC Approved for Construction; Automatic Frequency Control AramcoAFE Authorisation for expenditureAFE Approval for ExpenditureAFIS Automated Fingerprint Identification System AFNOR Association Francaise de Normalization AGA American Gas AssociationAGC Automatic Generation Control; Associated General ContractorsAGMA American Gear Manufacturers Association AH Arabian Heavy Crude OilAH Along holeAHBDF Along hole below derrick floorAHBRT Along Hole Below Rotary Table Datum line from which measurements are takenAHBTHF Along hole below tubing head flange AHD Along hole depthAHORT Along hole original rotary tableAI Artificial IntelligenceAIMS Aramco IMS SystemAIO Area ID OfficeAISC American Institute of Steel ContructionAISOD Area Industrial Security OperationsDepartmentAITD Air Information Technology DepartmentAKO Adjustable kick-off sub (directional drillingtool)AL Arabian Light Crude OilALARP As Low As Reasonably PracticableAM Arabian Medium Crude Oil; Amplitude Modulation AMC Area Maintenance CenterAMRS Advanced Mobile Radio SystemANDR ' Ain Dar (Ghawar) AramcoANSI American National Standards InstituteANSI American National Standards Institute API American Petroleum Institute AramcoANSI American National Standards InstituteAramcoANSI American National Standards Institute(previous ASA)AOA Asian and Other Arab Employees Aramco AOB Any Other BusinessAOC Aramco Overseas Company AramcoAOSM Arab Organization of Standardization &Materials AramcoAOV Air Operated Valve AramcoAPD Automated Piping Design AramcoAPI American Petroleum InstituteAPL Annulus Pressure LossAPNE Apprenticeship Program for Non-Employee APP As per programmeAPP Arabian Project Proposal or AssociatedProfessional Program AramcoAPS Applications Software AramcoAR Automated RoughneckARP Asset Reference PlanARPR Annual Review of Petroleum ResourcesASA American Standards Association (now ANSI) ASA Anchor Seal Assembly1ASAP As Soon As PossibleASC Aramco Services Company in Houston ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange AramcoASCL Acoustic Super Combo LogASHRAE American Society of Heating, Refrig. & Air Condit. EngineersASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASR Appraisal & Strategy ReviewASS Asset ManagementAssy AssemblyASTM American Society for Testing and Materials ASTM American Society-for Testing MaterialsAT Audit TeamATB All Trunks BusyAUP Average Unit PriceAVG AverageAVO Visa On ArrivalAWG American Wire GaugeAWO Additional Work OrderAWPA American Wood Preservers Association AWS American Welding SocietyAWWA American Water Works AssociationAzim Azimuth (compass bearing)B/D Barrels per dayB/H Bent housing (directional drilling tool)B/O Break outBA Breathing ApparatusBAA Business Alignment AreaBALS Baker Atlas Logging ServicesBB Budget Brief AramcoBBL Barrelbbls/d Barrels per daybbls/min Barrels per minuteBBS Behavior Based Safety (WFT)BCD Below chart datumBCOT Bintulu Crude Oil TerminalBDF Below derrick floorBDO Baram Delta OperationsBDT Bulk Data TransferBFO Beneficial OccupancyBG Back groundBGG Background gasBGT Borehole geometry toolBHA Bottom hole AssemblyBHC Borehole compensated sonic logBHCT Bottom-Hole Circulating TemperatureBHD (Type of packer)BHP Bottom Hole PressureBHP Brake horsepowerBHST Bottom-Hole Static TemperatureBHT Bottom hole temperatureBI Number Budget Item Number AramcoBIF Bintulu Integrated FacilitiesBIM Business Interface ManagerBISR Budget Item Summary Report AramcoBJ Blast jointBLC Big Lever ClubBLIND A Blank FlangeBO E xplosive service (back-off)BOE Barrel of Oil EquivalentBOP Blowout PreventerBOP Blowout Preventer （Prevention of gas blow out from well）BOP Blow out PreventersBOPD Barrels of Oil Per Day AramcoBOPE Blow Out Prevention EquipmentBOPs Blowout Preventer StacksBP Bridge plugBP Business PlanBPC Bean performance curveBPCD Barrels Per Calendar DayBPD Barrels Per DayBpf Blow per footBPH Barrels per hourBPM Barrels per minuteBPR Bottom Pipe RamBPS Bytes Per SecondBPV Back Pressure ValveBPV Backpressure valveBS Base sedimentBS & W Base sediment and waterBSI British Standards InstitutionBSIT Basit AramcoBSP Brunei Shell PetroleumBTFS Basic Training For SupervisorsBTI Big Ticket ItemBTM BottomBTM Business Technology MappingBTU, Btu British thermal unitBU Business Unit2BU Bottoms up (circulating)BU Build up (pressure, temperature, inclination) BUPs Business Unit PlansBUS Build up section (of a deviated well)BV Ball valveBWPD Barrels of Water Per DayC&C Circulate & ConditionC/R Change RequestC/R Construction/RepairC/w Comes withC2V Capital to ValueCA Capital AllocationCA Corporate AffairsCAD Computer Aided Drafting AramcoCADD Computer Aided Drafting & Design Aramco CALM Catamery anchor leg mooringCAMA Centralized Automatic Message Accounting CAO Certified Acceptance by OperationsCAO Computer applications for operationsCAO Computer assisted operations (Obsolete) CAPEX Capital Expenditure AramcoCAPO Computer assisted production operation CAPS Corrective Action Preventive SystemCAR Campaign Action RegisterCART CAM ActuatedCAS Chemical Abstract ServiceCAT Corrective Action TeamCB Control BuildingCBBL Core BarrelsCBD Competency Based DevelopmentCBHP Closed in bottom hole pressureCBHT Closed in bottom hole temperatureCBL Cemented Bond Log To test the integrity of the cementingCBP Country Business PlanCCC Commodity Classification Code Aramco CCEI Common Class Expansion Indices Aramco CCIR International Radio Consulative Committee CCIS Common Channel Interoffice Signalling CCL Casing collar locatorCCN Catalog Classification NumberCCO Current Cost OutlookCCOS Construction Camp Office ServicesCCR Continuing Certification RequirementCCS Computer and Communication Services CCSD Central Community Services DepartmentCD C hart datumCDC Central Dispatch CenterCDOI Communications Department OperatingInstructionsCDPNE College Degree Program for Non-Employee CDPP Circulating Drill Pipe PressureCDR Critical Design ReviewCDS Central Dispatch SystemCE Chief EngineerCE Capital EmployedCEC Change Evaluation CommitteeCEMA Conveyor Equipment ManufacturersAssociationCEO Chief Executive OfficerCEP Current Estimated PotentialCERCLA Comprehensive EnvironmentalResponse, Compensation, and Liability Act Aramco CERP Capital Expenditure Review PanelCESP Conceptual Estimate Scoping PaperCESR Computer Equipment Service RequestCET Cement evaluation toolCFP Capital Facilities PlanCFR Code of Federal Regulations (USA) Aramco cft Cubic feetCG Casing gun (shaped charge perforator)CGA Compressed Gas Association (USA)CGS Chevron Geothermal SafetyCGT Combustion Gas TurbineCGTG Combustion Gas Turbine GeneratorCHH Casing head housingCHP Casing head pressureCHS Casing head spoolCHT Casing head tensionCI Close(d) inCIBHP Closed in bottom hole pressureCIBHT Closed in bottom hole temperatureCIF Community and Industrial FacilityCIIP Condensate Initially In PlaceCirc CirculateCIS Contract Information System (now SAP)CIS Customer instrument serviceCITHP Closed in tubing head pressureCITHT Closed in tubing head temperatureCL, C/L Control lineCLFL Choke Line Friction LossesCM Capability Management/ Manager3CMC Crisis Management CentreCMC Chronic Medical Conditions Aramco CMC Carboxy methyl celluloseCMT CementCMT Crisis Management TeamCMT Construction Management TeamCNG Compressed Natural GasCNL Compensated neutron logCNPC China National Petroleum CorporationCO Change OrderCOB Close Of BusinessCoEs Centres Of ExcellenceCOMM OPS Communications Operations DepartmentCompl Complete(d), completionCONT, C ont’d ContinuedCOPES Cost Planning and Evaluation System CORAL Cost Reduction Alliance MalaysiaCOS Computer Operations and SupportCOSHH Control of substances hazardous to health COT Character Oriented TerminalCP Casing pressureCP Conductor pressureCP Conductor Pipe, Casing PressureCP&B Capital Programs & Budgets Aramco CPAR Corrective Preventative Action Request CPC Corporate Planning Committee Aramco CPC Computer production controlCPCP Communications and Process Computer PlanningCPD Corporate Planning DepartmentCPDS Control Pressure Drilling ServicesCPDT Control Pressure Drilling & TestingCPH Baker Oil Tools tie back packerCPO Corporation Planning OrganizationCPR Cardiopulmonary ResuscitationCPS Completion and Production Services Division CPU Central Processing UnitCR Company RepresentativeCRCC Contract Review and Cost ComplianceCRG Control Risks GroupCRP Commercial Review PanelCRS Computerized Reporting SystemsCRT Cathode Ray TubeCS Construction StartCSA Customer Service AgreementCSC CORAL Steering CouncilCSES Cable Sidedoor Entry SubCSF Critical Success FactorCsg CasingCSI Customer Satisfaction IndexCSL Computer Security LiasionCSO Complete Shut OffCSR Company Site RepresentativeCSSM Construction Support Services Material CST Casing seat testCSUD Construction Start-up DateCT Coiled tubingCT Check tripCTC Central Tender CommitteeCTD Coiled Tubing DrillingCTHP Closed in tubing head pressureCTHT Closed in tubing head temperatureCTI Cooling Tower InstituteCTS Composite Tubular SystemsCTS Construction Technical SupportCTT Cup type testedCTT Cup type testerCTU Coiled Tubing UnitCW, C/W Complete withCWOP Completing the well on paperCWP Contractor's Work PlanCYA Cover your arse (political astuteness and insurance…)D & I Diversity and InclusivenessD & O Development & OperationsD&WOOD Drilling and Workover OperationsDepartmentsD-A Digitial to AnalogDAQ Data AcquisitionDASD Direct Access Storage DeviceDAV Data Above VoicedB DecibeldBA Decibels using the A-Weighted scaleDBM Design Basis MemorandumDBSP Design Basis Scoping PaperDC Drill CollarDC Direct CurrentDCC Disaster Control CenterDCCS Drilling Cost Control SystemDCLM Direct Charge List of MaterialsDCS Distributed Control System4DD Directional DrillerDD Depth determinationDDD Direct Distance Dial AramcoDDM Data & Document ManagementDDOR Daily Drilling Operations ReportDDS Document Distribution SystemDEL Direct Exchange LineDEMA Diesel Engineer Manufacturers Association DEPCO Dammam Electric Power CompanyDF Drilling floorDFE Derrick floor elevationDHALPD Dhahran Area Loss Prevention Division DHYN Duhaynah AramcoDID Direct Inward DialingDIH Drilling Information Highway.DIL Dual induction laterologDIMS Drilling Information Management System Directional ( O ) Orientate Same as 'sliding' drilling Directional ( R ) RotateDIS Downhole and Industrial ScreensDLL Dual laterologDLS Dogleg SeverityDM Driller's MethodDNV Det Norske Veritas 挪威船级社DO Drop off section (in a deviated well)DOBIS/LIBIS Dortmunder Bibliothek system/Leuvens Integraal Bibliotheek SystemDOD Direct Onward DialingDOE Department of EnergyDOE Department of EnvironmentDOI U. S. Department of Interior AramcoDOL U. S. Department of Labor AramcoDOSH Department of Occupational Safety & Health DOT U. S. Department of Transportation Aramco DOX Direct Overhead Expense AramcoDP Drill PipeDP Dynamically PositionedDP Dial Pulse•5。
桥梁工程英语专业词汇
轴向拉力， 轴向拉伸： axial tension
轴向拉力 轴向张力: axialtensileforce
承台
cushion cap
承台: bearing platform｜cushioncap|pile caps
桩承台： pile cap|platformonpiles
弹性
elasticity
springiness
spring
give
flexibility
弹性: elasticity|Flexibility｜stretch
彈性: Elastic|Elasticidad|弾性
弹性体： elastomer｜elastic body｜SPUA
平ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ面假定
plane cross-section assumption
主梁
主梁: girder｜main beam｜king post
桥主梁: bridge girder
主梁翼： main spar
单墩
单墩: single pier
单墩尾水管： single-pier draught tube
单墩肘形尾水管： one-pier elbow draught tube
结构优化设计
刚强度： stiffness|stiffne|westbank stiffness
光强度: light intensity|intensity
箍筋
hooping
箍筋： stirrup｜reinforcement stirrup|hooping
箍筋柱： tied column|hooped column
机械图纸英语缩写
我见过18GA(.048")CRS、16GA(.060)CRS、14GA(.075)CRS，其中GA 是表示厚度的，但与英寸的关系还没研究明白；照此推算75是相当薄的缩写全称翻译ACCESS Accessory 附件ADJ Adjustable,Adjust 调整ADPT Adapter 使适应ADV Advance 提前AL Aluminum 铝ALLOW Allowance 允许ALT Alternate 改变ALY Alloy 合金AMT Amout 数量ANL Anneal 锻炼ANSL Amer Natl Stds InstituteAPPROX Approximate 大约ASME Amer Society of Mech EngrsASSEM Assemble 装配ASSY Assembly 装配AUTH Authorized 授权的AUTO Automatic 自动的AUX Auxiliary 辅助的AVG Average 平均AWG American Wire GaugeBC Bolt Circle 螺栓圆周BET Between 之间BEV Bevel 斜角BHN Brinell Hardness Number 布氏硬度值BLK Blank ,Block 空白B/NM Bill of Material 材料费BOT Bottom 底部BP or B/P Blueprint 蓝图BRG Bearing 轴承BRK Break 破裂BRKT Bracket 支架BRO Broach 钻孔BRS Brass 黄铜BRZ Bronze 青铜B＆S Brown＆Shape 棕色＆形状BSC Basic 基本的BUSH Bushing 套管BWG Birmingham Wire GaugeC TO C Center-to-Center 中心到中心CAD Computer-Aided Drafting 电脑辅助设计CAM Computer-Aided MfgCAP Capacity 容量CAP SCR Cap Screw 螺帽CARB Carburize 使渗碳CBORE Counterbore 扩孔CCW Counter Clockwise 逆时针CDRILL CounerdrillCDS Cold-Drawn Steel缩写全称翻译EFF Effective 有效的ENCL Enclose,Enclosure 附上ENG Engine 引擎ENGR Engineer 工程师ENGRG Engineering 工程学EQLSP Equally Spaced 等距EQUIV Equivalent 相等EST Estimate 估计EX Extra 额外EXH Exhaust 消耗EXP Experimental 实验性的EXT Exension,External 范围,外部FAB Fabricate 伪造FAO Finish All OverFDRY Foundry 铸造FIG Figure 数据FIL Fillet,fillister 带子FIM Full Indicator MovementFIN FinishFLX Fixture 结构FLX ,Flush 基地,液体,冲洗FLEX Flexible 易弯曲的FLG Flange 边缘FORG Forging 锻炼FR Frame,Front 边框FIG Fitting 装置FURN Furnish 提供FWD Forward 向前GA Gage,Gauge 测量GALV Galvanized 电镀GR Grade 等级GRD Grind 磨碎GRV Groove 凹槽GSKT Gasket 垫圈H＆G Harden and Grind 加硬和磨碎HD Head 主要的HDL Handle 处理HDLS Headless 无领导的HDN Harden 使硬化HDW Hardware 硬件HEX Hexagon 六边形HGR Hanger 衣架HGT Height 高度HOR Horizontal 水平的HRS Hot-Rolled SteelHSG Housing 外罩HT TR Heat Treal我见过18GA(.048")CRS、16GA(.060)CRS、14GA(.075)CRS，其中GA是表示厚度的，但与英寸的关系还没研究明白；照此推算75是相当薄的缩写全称翻译ACCESS Accessory 附件ADJ Adjustable,Adjust 调整ADPT Adapter 使适应ADV Advance 提前AL Aluminum 铝ALLOW Allowance 允许ALT Alternate 改变ALY Alloy 合金AMT Amout 数量ANL Anneal 锻炼ANSL Amer Natl Stds InstituteAPPROX Approximate 大约ASME Amer Society of Mech EngrsASSEM Assemble 装配ASSY Assembly 装配AUTH Authorized 授权的AUTO Automatic 自动的AUX Auxiliary 辅助的AVG Average 平均AWG American Wire GaugeBC Bolt Circle 螺栓圆周BET Between 之间BEV Bevel 斜角BHN Brinell Hardness Number 布氏硬度值BLK Blank ,Block 空白B/NM Bill of Material 材料费BOT Bottom 底部BP or B/P Blueprint 蓝图BRG Bearing 轴承BRK Break 破裂BRKT Bracket 支架BRO Broach 钻孔BRS Brass 黄铜BRZ Bronze 青铜B＆S Brown＆Shape 棕色＆形状BSC Basic 基本的BUSH Bushing 套管BWG Birmingham Wire GaugeC TO C Center-to-Center 中心到中心CAD Computer-Aided Drafting 电脑辅助设计CAM Computer-Aided MfgCAP Capacity 容量CAP SCR Cap Screw 螺帽CARB Carburize 使渗碳CBORE Counterbore 扩孔CCW Counter Clockwise 逆时针CDRILL CounerdrillCDS Cold-Drawn Steel缩写全称翻译EFF Effective 有效的ENCL Enclose,Enclosure 附上ENG Engine 引擎ENGR Engineer 工程师ENGRG Engineering 工程学EQLSP Equally Spaced 等距EQUIV Equivalent 相等EST Estimate 估计EX Extra 额外EXH Exhaust 消耗EXP Experimental 实验性的EXT Exension,External 范围,外部FAB Fabricate 伪造FAO Finish All OverFDRY Foundry 铸造FIG Figure 数据FIL Fillet,fillister 带子FIM Full Indicator MovementFIN FinishFLX Fixture 结构FLX ,Flush 基地,液体,冲洗FLEX Flexible 易弯曲的FLG Flange 边缘FORG Forging 锻炼FR Frame,Front 边框FIG Fitting 装置FURN Furnish 提供FWD Forward 向前GA Gage,Gauge 测量GALV Galvanized 电镀GR Grade 等级GRD Grind 磨碎GRV Groove 凹槽GSKT Gasket 垫圈H＆G Harden and Grind 加硬和磨碎HD Head 主要的HDL Handle 处理HDLS Headless 无领导的HDN Harden 使硬化HDW Hardware 硬件HEX Hexagon 六边形HGR Hanger 衣架HGT Height 高度HOR Horizontal 水平的HRS Hot-Rolled SteelHSG Housing 外罩HT TR Heat Treal缩写全称翻译NTS Not to ScaleOA Over All 所有OBS ObsotetcOC On CenterOD Outside Diameter 外直径OPP Opposite 对立OPTL Optional 可选择的OR Outside Radius 外半径ORIG Original 初始的PAT. Patent 专利PATT Pattern 形式PC Piece,Pitch Circle 件，节距圆PCH Punch 打孔PD Pitch DiameterPERF Perforate 打孔PERM Permanent 永久的PERP Perpendicular 垂直的PFD Preferred 首选的PKG Package,Packing 包装PL Parting Line,Places,PlatePNEU PncumaticPNL Panel 面板POL Polish 磨光POS Position,Postive 位置PR Pair 对立PRI Primary 基本的PROC Process 程序PROD Product,Production 产品，产量PSI Pounds per Square InchPT Part,Point 零件，点QTR Quarter 四份之一QTY Quantity 数量QUAL Quality 质量R Radius 半径RA Rockwell Harden,A-ScaleRB Rockwell Harden,B-ScaleRC Rockwell Harden,C-ScaleRECD Received 巳收到的RECT Rectangle 长方形REF Reference 相关的REINF Reinforce 增强REL Release,Relief 释放，缓解REM Remove 移除REQD Requird 有需要REE Retainer,ReturnREV Reverse,Revision,RevolutionRFS Regardless of Feature SizeRGH Rough 粗糙的RH Right Hand 右手RIV Rivet 起皱RM Ream 扩展RND Round 周围RPM Revolutions per MinuteRPW Resistance Projection WeldSAE Society of Automotive EngrsSCH Schedule 进度表CFS Cold-Finished SteelCH Case HardenCHAM Chamfer 斜面CHAN Channel 渠道CHG Change 改变CHK Check 核查CI Cast Iron 铸铁CIR Circle, Circular 圆周CIRC Circumference 圆周CL Centerline 中心线CLP Clamp 夹子CNC Computer Numerical Control 电脑数值控制COMB Combination 联合COML Commercial 商业的CONC Concentric 同中心的CONN Connect,Connector 连接器COV Cover 盖子CPLG Coupling 联结CQ Commercial Quality 商业等级钢CRS Cold Stds AssociationCRT Cathode Ray Tube 阴级射线管CS Cast Steel 铸铁CSA Canadian Stds Association CSK Countersink 埋头孔CSTG Casting 铸件CTR Center 中心CU Cubic 立方米CW Clockwise 顺时针CYL Cylinder,Cylindrical 柱面DBL Double 双倍DEC Decimal 小数DEG Degree 摄氏度DET Detail 详情DEV Develop 发展DFT Draft 草稿DIA Diameter 直径DIM Dimension 尺寸DIST Distance 距离DN Down 向下DP Deep,Diametral Pitch 深度,径节DR Drill,Drill Rod 钻孔DSGN Design 设计DVTL Dovetail 吻合DWG Drawing 图纸DWL Dowel 木钉DWN Drawn 拔出EA Each 每个ECC Eccentric 古怪缩写全称翻译HVY Heavy 重量HYD Hydraulic 水压ID Inside Diameter 内部直径IDENT Identification 鉴定ILLUS Illustration 说明IN Inch 英寸INCL Include,Including 包括INCR Increase 增加INFO Information 信息INSP Inspect 检查INSTL Install 安装INST Instruct,Instrument 指示,工具INT Interior,Internal,Intersect 内部的,内在的,交叉IR Inside Radius 内部半径ISO Internal Stds Organization 国际标准化组织JCT Junction 连结JNT Journal 杂志JT Joint 连接K Key 关键KNRL Knurl 硬节KST KeyseatKWY Keyway 键沟LB Pound 英镑LBL Label 标签LG Length,Long 长度LH Left Hand 左手LMC Least Material ConditionLOC Locate 位于LT Light 光LTR Letter 信LUB Lubricate 润滑MACH Machine 机器MAINT Maintenance 维护MATL Material 材料MAX Maximum 最大MECH Mechanical,Mechanism 机械MED Medium 媒介MFG Manufacturing 制造业MI Malleable Iron 可锻造的铁MIN Minimum, Minute 最小，秒MISC Miscellaneous 混杂的MM Millimeter 毫米MMC Max Material ConditionMS Machine SteelMTG Mouting 装备MULT Multiple 倍数MWG Music Wire GagugNA Not Applicable 不可应用的NATL National 国内的NC Numerical Control 数字电脑控制NEG Negative 忽略的NO. Number 号码NOM Nominal 名义上的NPSM Natl Pipe Straight Mech NPT Natl Pipe Tapered缩写全称翻译SCR Screw 螺丝SEC Second 秒SECT Section 部分SEP Separate 独立SEQ Sequence 顺序SER Serial,Series 系列SERR Serrate 锯齿状SF SpotfaceSFT Shaft 轴SGL Single 单个SH Sheet 纸SI Intl System of UnitsSL Slide 使滑动SLV Sleeve 袖子SOC Socket 插座SP Space,Spaced,Spare 空间SPL Special 特别SPEC Specification 规格SPG Spring 跳SPHER Spherical 球体SPRKT Sprocket 链轮齿SQ Square 平方SST Stainless Steel 纯铁STD Standard 标准STK Stock 存货STL Steel 铁STR Straight,Strip 直的SUB Substitute 替代物SUP Supply,Support 供应SURF Surface 表面SYM Symmetrical 对称的SYS System 系统T Teeth,Tooth 牙齿TECH Technical 技术TEMP Template,Temporary 模板，暂时的THD Thread 线THK Thick 厚的TOL Tolerance 公差TOT Total 总计TPF Taper per FootTPI Taper per In,Threads per Inch TPR Taper 锥形TS Tool SteelTYP Typical 典型UNC Unified Natl CoarseUNEF Unified Natl Extra FineUNF Unified Natl FineUNIV Universal 普遍VAR Variable 变量VERT Vertical 垂直的VOL Volume 音量VS Versus 与．．相对W Wide,Width 宽度WASH Washer 洗衣机WDF Woodruff 车叶草WI Wrought Iron 熟铁WT Weight 重量齿轮及齿轮加工中英文对照-A部分A.1. abrasive tooth wear 齿面研磨磨损2. absolute tangential velocity 绝对切向速度3. accelerometer 加速表4. addendum 齿顶高5. addendum angle 齿顶角6. addendum circle 齿顶圆7. addendum surface 上齿面8. adhesive wear 粘着磨损9. adjustability 可调性10. adjustability coefficients 可调系数11. adjusting wedge 圆盘端铣刀的可调型楔块12. allowable stress 允许应力13. alternate blade cutter 双面刀盘14. angular backlash 角侧隙15. angular bevel gears 斜交锥齿轮16. angular displacement 角移位17. angular pitch 齿端距18. angular testing machine 可调角度试验机19. approach action 啮入20. arbor 心轴21. arbor distance 心轴距22. arc of approach 啮入弧23. arc of recess 啮出弧24. attraction 收紧25. average cutter diameter 平均刀尖直径26. axial displacement 轴向位移27. axial factor 轴向系数28. axial locating surface 轴向定位面29. axial pitch 轴向齿距30. axial plane 轴向平面31. axial rakeangle 轴向前角32. axial thrust 轴向推力33. axle testing machine 传动桥试验机07484473lhx0812发表于：07-03-13 17:21 [只看该作者]第4楼Piping work: 铺管工程Steam trace: 加热蒸汽管道Cutting: 切割socket weld 承插焊接fillet weld 角焊,填角焊branch connection 分支接续fabrication tolerance .制造容差local heat treatment 局部热处理threaded pipe 螺纹管seal welding 密封焊接flange joint 凸缘接头undercut 底切feeder 馈电线conduit outlet 电线引出口seal fitting 密封接头, 密封配件Screw thread lubricant 螺纹润滑剂Seal 绝缘层weld reinforcement 焊缝补强lock washer 锁紧[止动, 防松]垫圈electrical panel 配电板,配电盘nipple 螺纹接头zinc plated 镀锌的ring joint 环接, 围缘接合bolt 螺栓control 控制器National Electrical Code 全国电气规程master schedule 主要图表, 综合图表, 设计任务书, 主要作业表torque wrench 转矩扳手job site 施工现场flange connection 凸缘联接Hard hat 安全帽Goggles 护目镜Stockpile 贮存packing list 装箱单crate 柳条箱purchased material list 原材料进货单back-feed 反馈wire coil 线盘线卷NPT thread 美国标准锥管螺纹cable gland 电缆衬垫terminal block 线弧, 接头排接线盒, 接线板, 线夹power drill 机械钻connector 接线器insulated sleeve 绝缘套管wire connector 接线器wire terminal 电线接头control wiring 控制线路motor lead 电动机引出线power wiring 电力布线tender document 提供证件orifice plate 挡板nut 螺母flange gasket 法兰垫片dimensional inspection 尺寸检验burn through 烧蚀piping system 管道系统reinforcement of weld 加强焊缝械专业词汇表"机械(常用)""abrasion, abrasive wear","磨料磨损""active force, applied force","作用力""actual size","实际尺寸""addendum angle","齿顶角""addendum","齿顶高""addendum modification","径向变位""addendum modification (for external gears)","径向变位量" "addendum modification coefficient","径向变位系数" "additive ","添加剂""adhesion wear","黏着磨损""adjusted rating life","修正额定寿命""aerodynamic bearing","气体静压滑动轴承""air spring","空气弹簧""angle drive","角度传动""angle of contact","包角""angle of transmission","作用角""angular bevel gear ","斜交锥齿轮""angular contact bearing","角接触推力轴承" "angular contact bearing","角接触轴承""anti-friction bearing material","减磨轴承材料" "approach, engaging-in","啮入""archimedes spiral","阿基米德螺线""attitude angle","偏位角""auto-controlled clutch","自控离合器""axial load factor","轴向载荷系数""axial modification","齿向修形""axial module","轴向模数""axial pitch","轴向齿距""axial plane","轴平面""axial plane of wormwheel","蜗轮轴平面""axial profile","轴向齿廓""back cone","背锥面""back cone angle","背锥角""back cone distance","中点锥距""back cone tooth profile","背锥齿廓""back to back arrangement (rolling bearing)","背对背配置(滚动轴承)""balancing mass","平衡质量""ball oscillating teeth","滚珠活齿""ball screw","滚珠丝杠""ball screw","滚珠丝杠""ball bearing","球轴承""band brake","带式制动器""base circle","基圆""base helix","基圆螺旋线""base tangent length","公法线长度""basic profile","基本牙型""basic rack","基本齿条""basic rack tooth profile","基本齿廓""basic rating life","基本额定寿命""basic size","基本尺寸""bath lubrication","油浴润滑""bathtub curve","浴盆曲线""bearing","轴承""bearing axial load","轴承轴向载荷""bearing bore diameter","轴承内径""bearing bush","轴套""Bearing characteristic number","轴承特性系数""bearing liner","轴承衬""bearing load carrying capacity","轴承承载能力""bearing mean specific load","轴承压强""bearing outside diameter","轴承外径""bearing radial load","轴承径向载荷""bearing ring","轴承套圈""bearing series (rolling bearing)","轴承系列(滚动轴承)" "bearing width","轴承宽度""bearing with solid lubricant","固体润滑滑动轴承" "belleville spring","碟形弹簧""belt drive","带传动""belt length","带长""bending vibration","弯曲振动""bevel gear","锥齿轮""bevel gear with axes at right angles","正交锥齿轮" "bevel gear with circular arc tooth profile","双重锥度齿锥齿轮""bevel gear with circular arc tooth profile","圆弧齿廓锥齿轮""bevel gear with standard taoered tooth profile","正常锥度齿锥齿轮""bevel gear with straight tooth profile","直线齿廓锥齿轮" "bevel gear wuth 90° face angle","平顶齿轮""block brake","块式制动器""block chain","块链""bobed bearing","多油叶滑动轴承""bolt","螺栓""bottom clearance","顶隙""bottom land","齿槽底面""boundary dimension (rolling bearing)","外形尺寸(滚动轴承)" "boundary lubrication ","边界摩擦""brake","制动器""brake drum","制动鼓""brake lining","制动衬片""brake piece","制动块""brake shoe","制动蹄""brake-band clutch","闸带离合器""bush chain","套筒链""cage","保持架""cam","凸轮""cam contour, cam profile","凸轮工作轮廓""cam follower","凸轮从动件""cam pitch curve","凸轮理论轮廓""Cavitation wear","气蚀磨损""center distance","中心距""center distance modification coefficient","中心距变动系数" "center gear","中心轮""centric slider-crank mechanism","对心曲柄滑块机构" "centrifugal clutch","离心离合器""centrifugal tension","离心拉力""centrifugal force","离心力""centrode mechanism","瞬心线机构""Ceramic friction material ","金属陶瓷""chain","链条""chain coupling","链条联轴器""chain transmission","链传动""chainwheel, sprocket","链轮""chordal height","弦齿高""circular arc profile","圆弧齿廓""circular helix","圆柱螺旋线""circular-arc gear","圆弧圆柱齿轮""Circulating lubrication","循环润滑""circumferential backlash","圆周侧隙""classical V-belt","普通V带""clearance fit","间隙配合""clevis pin with head","销轴""clutch ","离合器""coefficient of travel speed variation, advance- to-return time ratio","行程速度变化系数""combined spring","组合弹簧""common apex ","公共锥顶""compensator (hydrostatic bearing)","补偿器(静压轴承〕" "compost bearing material","复合轴承材料""compound planetary gear train","组合行星齿轮系" "compound hinges, multiple hinges","复合铰链""concave side","凹面""cone pulley","锥轮""conical pin , taper pin","圆锥销""conical spiral","圆锥螺旋线""conical spring","截锥螺旋弹簧""conjugate flank","共轭齿面""conjugate profile","共轭齿廓""connecting link","联接链节""Consistency","稠度""constant loading","恒幅载荷""constant rate (stiffness) spring","等刚度弹簧" "constant velocity motion curve","等速运动轨迹" "contact fatigue ","接触疲劳""Contact fatigue","接触疲劳""contact ratio","重合度""Continuous lubrication ","连续润滑""continuous system","连续系统""contrate gear","端面齿轮""controlled clutch","操纵离合器""conventional belt","普通平带""convex side","凸面""conveyor chain","输送链""corresponding flanks","同侧齿面""cosine acceleration motion curve","余弦加速度运动轨迹" "cotter pin ,split pin","开口销""cotton belt","编织平带""counterpart rack ","产形齿条""couple","力偶""coupled modes","耦合振型""coupler, floating link","连杆""coupling ","联轴器""coupling with corrugated pipe","波纹管联轴器""coupling with elastic spider","梅花形弹性联轴器" "coupling with non-metallic elastic element","非金属弹性元件联轴器""coupling with rubber plates","橡胶板联轴器""coupling with rubber type element","轮胎式联轴器" "crank","曲柄""cranked link chain","弯板链""crank-rocker mechanism","曲柄摇杆机构""crest","齿顶""crew mechanism","螺旋机构""cross recessed countersunk head screw","十字槽沉头螺钉" "cross recessed pan head screw","十字槽盘头螺钉""cross-belt drive","交叉传动""crossed helical gear pair","交错轴斜齿轮副""crossed roller bearing","交叉滚子轴承""crossing point of axes","轴线交点""crown gear","冠轮""crowned teeth","鼓形齿""cumulative error in pitch ","螺距累积误差""cumulative fatigue damage","疲劳积累损伤""curtate cycloid","短幅摆线""curtate epicycloid","短幅外摆线""curtate involute","缩短渐开线""curvature correction factor (spring)","曲度系数(弹簧)" "curved tooth bevel gear","曲线齿锥齿轮""cycl, , ic loading","循环载荷""cycloid","摆线""cycloidal drive with small teeth difference","摆线少齿差传动""cycloidal profile","摆线齿廓""cycloidal-pin gear speed reducer","摆线针轮减速器" "cylindrical gear","圆柱齿轮""cylindrical helical compression spring","圆柱螺旋压缩弹簧" "cylindrical helical tension spring","圆柱螺旋拉伸弹簧" "cylindrical helical torsion spring","圆柱螺旋扭转弹簧" "cylindrical pin, straight pin","圆柱销""cylindrical roller bearing","圆柱滚子轴承""cylindrical worm","单导程圆柱蜗杆""cylindrical worm","圆柱蜗杆""damping","阻尼""datum circumference","基准圆周长""datum diameter","基准直径""datum line differential","基准线差""datum plane","基准平面""datum width","基准宽度""dedendum","齿根高""dedendum anle","齿根角""deep groove ball bearing","深沟球轴承""degree of freedom","自由度""deviation ","尺寸偏差""deviation in pitch ","螺距偏差""diameter series (rolling bearing)","直径系列(滚动轴承)" "diametral pitch","径节""diaphragm coupling","膜片联轴器""differential mechanism","差动机构""differential screw mechanism","差动螺旋机构" "dimension series (rolling bearing)","尺寸系列(滚动轴承)" "discrete system","离散系统""disengaging time (clutch)","分离时间(离合器)" "distortion","畸变""double direction thrust bearing","双向推力轴承""double row bearing","双列轴承""double V-belt","双面V带""double-circular-arc gear","双圆弧齿轮""driven","从动件""driven gear","从动齿轮""driven pulley","从动带轮""driving gear","主动齿轮""driving pulley","主动带轮""driving force","驱动力""driving link ","主动件""dry friction ","干摩擦""dual clutch","双作用离合器""dual lead cylindrical worm","双导程圆柱蜗杆""duplex roller chain","双排滚子链""dynamic load","动载荷""dynamic balance of rotor","转子的动平衡""dynamic load","动载荷""dynamics of machinery","机械动力学""eccentric element","偏心元件""eccentric mechanism","偏心轮机构""effective circumference","有效圆周长""effective coil number","有效圈数""effective diameter","有效直径""effective line differential","有效线差""effective stress concentration factor","有效应力集中系数" "effective tension","有效拉力""effective width","有效宽度""effective resistance","工作阻力""efficiency","效率""elastic pin coupling ","弹性柱销齿式联轴器""elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication ","弹性流体动力润滑" "electromagnetic clutch","电磁离合器""electromagnetic whirlpool brake","电磁涡流制动器" "electrostatic bearing","静电轴承""elliptic bearing","椭圆滑动轴承""embeddability","嵌入性""end relief","齿端修薄""engagement","啮合""engaging time(clutch)","接合时间(离合器)""engaging(clutch)","接合过程(离合器)""epicycloid","外摆线""epicycloid gear","摆线齿锥齿轮""equidistant curve of curtate hypocycloid","短幅外摆线的等距曲线""equidistant curve of epicycloid","内摆线的等距曲线" "equidistant curve of epicycloid","外摆线的等距曲线" "equidistant curve of prolate epicycloid","长幅外摆线的等距曲线""equilibrium","力平衡""Equivalent coefficient of friction","当量摩擦系数" "equivalent load","当量载荷""equivalent force","等效力""equivalent link","等效构件""equivalent mass","等效质量""equivalent moment","等效力矩""escapement","擒纵机构""external thread","外螺纹""external gear","外齿轮""external pin wheel","外齿针齿轮""external tab washer","外舌止动垫圈""external teeth lock washer ","外齿锁紧垫圈""Extreme-pressure lubrication","极压润滑""face to face arrangement (rolling bearing)","面对面配置(滚动轴承)""facewidth","齿宽""failure","失效""farthest dwell angle","远休止角""Fastener","紧固件""fatigue limit","疲劳极限""fatigue strength","疲劳强度""fault","故障""feather key","滑键""feather key ,dive key","导向平键" "fillet","齿根过渡曲面""fillet radius","齿根圆角半径""filling slot balll bearing","装填槽球轴承" "finite life design","有限寿命设计" "flange coupling","凸缘联轴器""flanged bearing","凸缘轴承""flat belt drive","平带传动""flat key","平键""flat spring","片弹簧""flat spring coupling","簧片联轴器" "flexibility of spring ","弹簧柔度" "flexible gear, flexpline","柔性齿轮" "floating bearing","浮环滑动轴承" "fluctuating load","变载荷""fluid friction ","流体摩擦""fluid lubrication ","液体润滑" "flywheel","飞轮""forced vibration","受迫振动""foundation bolt","地脚螺栓""four-bar mechanism","四杆机构""four-point contact ball bearing","四点接触轴承""fracture mechanics ","断裂力学""free height (spring)","自由高度(弹簧)""Fretting wear","微动磨损""Friction","摩擦""friction brake","摩擦制动器""friction clutch","摩擦式离合器""Friction material ","摩擦材料""friction wheel drive","摩擦轮传动""Friction coefficient","摩擦系数""frictional conformability","摩擦顺应性""frictional conpatibility","摩擦相容性""front cone","前锥面""full complement bearing","装满滚动体的轴承""gas whirl ","气膜振荡""gas lubrication ","气体润滑""gear","齿轮""gear coupling","齿式联轴器""gear drive","齿轮传动""gear drive with intersecting axes","相交轴齿轮传动" "gear drive with non-parallel non-intersecting axes","交错轴齿轮传动"。
Jutal 简介中文
Policy & Standard Proce dure Work Instructions Table & Record
•ISO14001:2004 环境管理保证系统
COMPANY PRESENTATION 巨涛公司介绍
GROUP ORGANIZATION
巨涛组织架构
Chairman of the Board
董事会主席
CEO/President
首席执行官/ 总裁
Vice Presidents
副总裁
Functional Departments
The QMS was first certified in 2000 and has remained certified since.
质量体系于2000年第一次认证至今
质量管理体系
• • ISO9001:2008 认证 认证范围 – – – 海洋石油油气设施 陆地钢结构及设施 船舶建造
– • – – – – – – – –
2004
GB-150 Pressure Vessel DI & II Certified
公司取得中国一类、二类压力容器制造许可
2010
BUSINESS LOCATIONS 巨涛业务区域
大连 北京 天津 蓬莱
上海 成都
深圳 珠海
香港
PRODUCTS & SERVICES
巨涛产品和服务 Oil & Gas Industry
巨涛质量管理体系 QA Management System
机械图纸中英文翻译
近几年，我厂和英国、西班牙的几个公司有业务往来，外商传真发来的图纸都是英文标注，平时阅看有一定的困难。
下面把我们积累的几点看英文图纸的经验与同行们交流。
1标题栏英文工程图纸的右下边是标题栏（相当于我们的标题栏和部分技术要求），其中有图纸名称（TILE）、设计者（DRAWN）、审查者（CHECKED）、材料（MATERIAL）、日期（DATE）、比例（SCALE）、热处理（HEAT TREATMENT）和其它一些要求，如：1)TOLERANCES UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIAL 未注公差。
2)DIMS IN mm UNLESS STATED 如不做特殊要求以毫米为单位。
3)ANGULAR TOLERANCE±1°角度公差±1°。
4)DIMS TOLERANCE±0.1未注尺寸公差±0.1。
5)SURFACE FINISH 3.2 UNLESS STATED未注粗糙度3.2。
2常见尺寸的标注及要求2.1孔（HOLE）如：（1）毛坯孔：3"DIAO+1CORE 芯子3"0+1;（2）加工孔：1"DIA1";（3）锪孔：锪孔(注C＇BORE=COUNTER BORE锪底面孔);（4）铰孔：1"/4 DIA REAM铰孔1"/4;（5）螺纹孔的标注一般要表示出螺纹的直径，每英寸牙数（螺矩）、螺纹种类、精度等级、钻深、攻深，方向等。
如：例1.6 HOLES EQUI-SPACED ON 5"DIA(6孔均布在5圆周上（EQUI-SPACED=EQUALLY SPACED均布）DRILL 1"DIATHRO＇钻1"通孔（THRO＇=THROUGH通）C/SINK22×6DEEP沉孔22×6例2.TAP7"/8-14UNF-3BTHRO＇攻统一标准细牙螺纹，每英寸14牙，精度等级3B级（注UNF=UNIFIED FINE THREAD美国标准细牙螺纹）1"DRILL 1"/4-20 UNC-3 THD7"/8 DEEP 4HOLES NOT BREAK THRO钻1"孔，攻1"/4美国粗牙螺纹，每英寸20牙，攻深7"/8,4孔不准钻通（UNC=UCIFIED COARSE THREAD 美国标准粗牙螺纹）1"-14NS-2THRO攻美国固定特种螺纹M1",每英寸牙数14,精度等级为二级（注NS=NATIONAL SPECIAL THREAD:美国固定特种标准）2.2倒角（CHAMFER）例1/8×45°BEV倒角1/8×45°（注BEV=BEVEI，斜面）1.5×45°CHAM倒角1.5×45°(注CHAM=CHAMFER倒角)2.3方(SQUARE)例5"SQUARE5"×5"方2.4剖视（SECTION）例SECTION A-A A-A剖面2.5圆角半径例1"R R1"RADIUS MUST BE SMOOTH AND BLEND INTO FACE圆弧必须光滑且与平面相切2.6加工余量例DOTTED LINES INDICATED MAX FINISH 1"/8虚线表示最大加工余量1"/82.7零件标记例USE 5"/16 RAISED HAIRLINE LET-TERS MARKING ON ONE SIDE OF BODY用突起高为5"/16的细实线字母在本体一侧打标记3关于铸锻件的技术要求例1.FORGING MUST BE ANNEALED TO BE BELOW 203 BRINELL HARDNESS 锻件必须退火处理，布氏硬度<203例2.NORMALIZE TO 163-207BHNMUST BE FREE OF SCALE & RUST锻件正火处理，布氏硬度163-207,锻件表面不得有氧化皮和锈蚀例3.FORGING TO BE SHOT OR SAND BLASTED锻件需经喷丸或喷砂处理例4.UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED DRAFT ANGLES 7°未注明锻造拔模斜度7°例5.CAST TO BE FREE OF EXCESSIVE FLASH 铸件不得有过多的毛边例6.DRAFT ANGLE 2° UNLESS OTHER-WISE SPECIFIED 未注明铸造拔模斜度2°总之，看英文机械工程图纸并不是高不可攀，只要坚持常看，熟记部分单词即可。
CATIA V5主要模块中英文对照表
STL 快速成型
MSG NC Machine Tool Simulation
数控机床仿真
MBG NC Machine Tool Builder
数控机床构造
注： ①DMU：Digital Mock-Up；电子样机 ②HVAC：Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning；采暖、通风和空调 ③FEM：Finite Element Modeler；有限元模型 ④Elfini：Element Finite；有限元法 ⑤NC：Numerical Control；数控 ⑥STL：StereoLithography Interface Specification；表面三角化数据格式
中文名称
零件设计 铸造与锻造零件优化 零件设计特征识别 功能模具零件设计 装配设计 交互式工程图 创成式工程图 用于 3D 设计的 2D 布局 结构设计 线架和曲面设计 钣金设计 航空钣金设计 钣金加工设计 3D 功能公差与标注设计 模具工具设计 阴阳模设计 焊接设计 曲面修复助手 复合材料设计 复合材料制造设计 复合材料工程设计
1catiav5主要产品中英文对照表机械设计mechanicaldesign英文名称简称全称中文名称pdgpartdesign零件设计cfocastforgedpartoptimizer铸造与锻造零件优化fr1partdesignfeaturesrecognition零件设计特征识别fmpfunctionalmoldedpart功能模具零件设计asdassemblydesign装配设计id1interactivedrafting交互式工程图gdrgenerativedrafting创成式工程图lo12dlayoutfor3ddesign用于3d设计的2d布局sr1structuredesign结构设计ws1wireframeandsurface线架和曲面设计smdsheetmetaldesign钣金设计aslaerospacesheetmetaldesign航空钣金设计sh1sheetmetalproduction钣金加工设计fta3dfunctionaltolerancingannotation3d功能公差与标注设计mtdmoldtoolingdesign模具工具设计ccvcorecavitydesign阴阳模设计wd1welddesign焊接设计ha1healingassistant曲面修复助手cpdcompositedesign复合材料设计cpmcompositesdesignformanufacturing复合材料制造设计cpecompositesengineeringdesign复合材料工程设计曲面设计和风格造型shapedesignstyling英文名称简称全称中文名称fssfreestyleshaper自由曲面设计fsofreestyleoptimize自由曲面优化fspfreestyleprofile基于轮廓线的自由曲面设计fskfreestylesketchtrace基于草图的自由曲面设计gsdgenerativeshapedesign创成式曲面设计gsogenerativeshapeoptimizer创成式曲面优化dl1developedshapes曲面展开设计2abtautomotivebodyinwhitetemplate汽车白车身模板设计abfautomotivebodyinwhitefastening汽车白车身紧固设计dssshapesculptor曲面雕塑设计imaimaginesh
机械制造工艺外文文献翻译、中英文翻译、外文翻译
中国地质大学长城学院本科毕业设计外文资料翻译系别：工程技术系专业：机械设计制造及其自动化姓名：侯亮学号：052115072015年 4 月 3 日外文资料翻译原文Introduction of MachiningHave a shape as a processing method, all machining process for the production of the most commonly used and most important method. Machining process is a process generated shape, in this process, Drivers device on the work piece material to be in the form of chip removal. Although in some occasions, the workpiece under no circumstances, the use of mobile equipment to the processing, However, the majority of the machining is not only supporting the workpiece also supporting tools and equipment to complete.Machining know the process has two aspects. Small group of low-cost production. For casting, forging and machining pressure, every production of a specific shape of the workpiece, even a spare parts, almost have to spend the high cost of processing. Welding to rely on the shape of the structure, to a large extent, depend on effective in the form of raw materials. In general, through the use of expensive equipment and without special processing conditions, can be almost any type of raw materials, mechanical processing to convert the raw materials processed into the arbitrary shape of the structure, as long as the external dimensions large enough, it is possible. Because of a production of spare parts, even when the parts and structure of the production batch sizes are suitable for the original casting, Forging or pressure processing to produce, but usually prefer machining.Strict precision and good surface finish, machining the second purpose is the establishment of the high precision and surface finish possible on the basis of. Many parts, if any other means of production belonging to the large-scale production, Well Machining is a low-tolerance and can meet the requirements of small batch production. Besides, many parts on the production and processing of coarse process to improve its general shape of the surface. It is only necessary precision and choose only the surface machining. For instance, thread, in addition to mechanical processing, almost no other processing method for processing. Another example is the blacksmith pieces keyhole processing, as well as training to be conducted immediately after the mechanical completion of the processing.Primary Cutting ParametersCutting the work piece and tool based on the basic relationship between the following four elements to fully describe : the tool geometry, cutting speed, feed rate, depth and penetration of a cutting tool.Cutting Tools must be of a suitable material to manufacture, it must be strong, tough, hard and wear-resistant. Tool geometry -- to the tip plane and cutter angle characteristics -- for each cutting process must be correct.Cutting speed is the cutting edge of work piece surface rate, it is inches per minute toshow. In order to effectively processing, and cutting speed must adapt to the level of specific parts -- with knives. Generally, the more hard work piece material, the lower the rate.Progressive Tool to speed is cut into the work piece speed. If the work piece or tool for rotating movement, feed rate per round over the number of inches to the measurement. When the work piece or tool for reciprocating movement and feed rate on each trip through the measurement of inches. Generally, in other conditions, feed rate and cutting speed is inversely proportional to.Depth of penetration of a cutting tool -- to inches dollars -- is the tool to the work piece distance. Rotary cutting it to the chip or equal to the width of the linear cutting chip thickness. Rough than finishing, deeper penetration of a cutting tool depth.Rough machining and finishing machiningThere are two kinds of cuts in machine- shop work called, respectively, the "roughing cut" and the "finishing cut". When a piece is "roughed out", it is quite near the shape and size required, but enough metal has been left on the surface to finish smooth and to exact size." Generally speaking, bars of steel, forging, castings, etc. are machined to the required shape and size with only one roughing and one finishing cut. Sometimes, however, certain portions of a piece may require more than one roughing cut. Also, in some jobs, for example, when great accuracy is not needed, or when a comparatively small amount of metal must be removed, a finishing cut may be all that is required. The roughing cut, to remove the greater part of the excess material, should be reasonably heavy, that is, all the machine, or cutting tool, or work, or all three, will stand. So the machinist’s purpose is to remove the excess stock as fast as he can without leaving, at the same time, a surface too torn and rough, without bending the piece if it is slender, and without spoiling the centers. The finishing cut, to make the work smooth and accurate, is a finer cut. The emphasis here is refinement - very sharp tool, comparatively little metal removed, and a higher degree of accuracy in measurement. Whether roughing or finishing, the machinist must set the machine for the given job. He must consider the size and shape of the work and the kind of material, also the kind of tool used and the nature of the cut to be made, then he proceeds to set the machine for the correct speed and feed and to set the tool to take the depth of cut desired.Automatic Fixture Design外文资料翻译译文机械制造工艺机械加工是所有制造过程中最普遍使用的而且是最重要的方法。
Brilliance of the Seas 豪华奢侈度游轮类型文件说明书
Product Lifecycle ManagementSolutions for ShipbuildingSetting the course and strategy for digital shipbuilding2“Brilliance of the Seas” is the second unit in Royal Caribbean’s Radiance-class of luxury cruise ships. Built by renowned Meyer Werft, Papenburg, Germany, employing IBM PLM computer aided design solutions. Solutions from the CATIA portfolio include hull design, compartment/access, steel detailing, machinery design/layout, piping, drafting, cable trays, electrical design, photo realism, visualisation and configuration and penetration management.Ship facts:• Operator: Royal Caribbean Int. • Shipbuilder: Jos L. Meyer Papenburg, Germany • Length: 962 feet/293 meters • Beam: 105 feet/32 meters • Draught: 26.7 feet / 8.14 meters • Gross Tons: 90,900 tons • Cruising speed: 24 knots • Total passengers 401, 3/4 occupancy cabins• Double occupancy cabins: 2,100• Coast Guard passengers limit: 3,360• Crew: 859• Dining capacity: 1,079 dining (2 dining rooms)• Total rooms: 1,050• Interior rooms: 237• Exterior rooms: 813On board amenities include:• Rock climbing wall • Indian Raj-themed solarium• Indoor/outdoor country club with golf simulator• Sports court with basketball/volleyball courts• Billiard club with self-levelling tables • Reservation-only restaurants with Italian and steakhouse eateries • Casino Royale • Fitness centre.3CollaborateInnovateDominate“We find that having the 3D capabilities of CATIA and being able to communicate with the customer and the shipyard in 3D is invaluable.”Kevin IshamManager of Mechanical Design at Brunvoll AS, Norway“In addition to the performance superiority of the solutions, we based our investment decision on theexcellent relationship we have had with IBM and Dassault Systèmes since 1989. Their long-term engagement in our shipbuilding programs and the reliability of their solutions is a significant plus.”Joerg AckermannManager IT and Organization, Jos. L. Meyer GmbH“Our customers deserve the best and we give them the best. Our prices are very, very competitive against any shipyard in the world and we sell on good quality and delivery. This is only possible if we use the besttechnology on the market to build our ships and that’s why we chose IBM PLM solutions.”Brian ChangChairman/CEO, Yantai Raffles Shipyard21st century design tool for 21st century ships45They stand as tall as skyscrapers, floating cities that are the largest, most technologically advanced structures ever created by the hand of man.Some are pleasure palaces, offering the best of the hotel, restaurant and entertainment industries to thousands of passengers. Some are military marvels, carrying the world’s most advanced electronics and weapons systems to trouble spots around the globe. And some are the lifeblood of global commerce, moving cargo to waiting customers and factories.With as many as 1 million parts, the most advanced of these ships dwarfs in engineering complexity even the modern jet passenger plane, with just 150,000 parts. Some, such as a modern cruise ship, cost up to $700 million, take three to five years to build and require up to 1.5 million man hours to design. Navy aircraft carriers are even more complex with up to 40 million parts.The true marvel, however, is that the modern shipbuilding industry has reached this pinnacle with largely manual, cumbersome, paper-based processes. Through the sheer will and skill of its craftsmen, the industry has created one unique masterpiece after another, custom-engineering each design, each system, each part, and then creatively solving the inevitable gaps and conflicts that invariably appear only during construction.6A host of new competitive pressures,however, are combining to make theold ways, no matter how amazing,a luxury the industry can no longerafford. Today, time and money areeverything:• Demand for certain categoriesof ships has increased sharply,pushing many yards to capacity andbeyond despite a global capacityglut. Major new defense programsare underway, affluent consumersare spending more time on cruises,commercial ships are upgrading tomeet new environmental standards,and rising oil prices are causingoffshore oil production to boom.To maintain margins and guardagainst future economic slowdowns,however, yards are focused onbecoming more efficient rather thanadding capacity.• The amount owners are willing topay and the time they are willing towait for new ships has declined.Being able to deliver ships fasterand at lower cost has become adeciding factor in the competitionfor new contracts. Re-using oradapting existing designs andsystems, incorporating off-the-shelf components and applyingbest manufacturing practices cutsboth time and costs. That meanspurchasing, manufacturing andengineering must move in perfectharmony, requiring seamless ondemand connections among thesedisparate functions.Time and money: The pressure is on7• Ship designs are being evaluated earlier in the design cycle, which maximises the sections that can be fabricated in existing robotic workcells, but significantly shortens available design time.• Working with subcontractors allows yards to leverage specialists who can produce the most advanced systems quickly and at the lowest possible cost, while balancing demand in a fluctuating market. But outsourcing requires unprecedented levels of collaboration, communication and on demand integration to keep everyone working in sync. Even the US Navy is accelerating the need for collaborative tools by splitting its contracts among multiple yards, forcing ‘coopetition’. Analysts estimate that 40 – 70 per cent of design and construction is now outsourced.• Owners are increasingly emphasizing total lifecycle costs – not just the cost to build the initial vessel. Today, the cost of construction is just 10 per cent of total lifecycle costs, but 80 per cent of lifecycle costs are locked in at the design stage. This puts additional pressure on designers to find innovative solutions that improve maintainability and cut operating costs, even as the time available for the design phase is compressed.• Allowing design problems to go unnoticed until they are uncovered during construction is no longer an option. There simply is no margin for the time lost and costs incurred by such oversights. Modular construction methods cut man hours 30 – 60 per cent but increase coordination complexity exponentially, requiring multiple enterprises to act as one digital enterprise.• Drawing production is one of the most labor-intensive, costly and error-prone activities during design and engineering. Relying on paper printouts to keep everyone – from owners and classification societies to purchasing and subcontractors – aware of changes has become too cumbersome. Designers need better ways to communicate design intent, redirecting the 80 percent of their time spent producing drawings into better designs.8Information: The shipbuilding success quotientTying all of these trends together is a simple thread: the need for quick, timely access to information. Information that allows yards, subcontractors, suppliers, owners, classification societies, insurers, underwriters and markets to work together seamlessly and in perfect synchronisation. Information that allows designers to leverage best practices and designs from past projects in future ones, optimizing designs for cost-effective manufacturing that uses existing resources and eases maintenance. Information that updatesitself effortlessly and automatically each time a change occurs and alerts everyone who needs to know – immediately and without rmation is exactly what you get with IBM shipbuilding solutions – rich, intelligent data so sophisticated it automates most of the manual, purely mechanical processes and so accessible that you can collaborate with virtually anyone, anywhere with just a basic Web browser. Best of all, IBM’s comprehensive on demand framework allows you topull information from legacy systems throughout your organisation and across your supply chain, leveraging it as if it existed in a single, centralised database. Our extensive on demand integration experience and clearly defined architecture, unmatched in the industry, make it possible.9IBM shipbuilding solutions are built on the CATIA, ENOVIA LCA, SMARTEAM and DELMIA brand infrastructure from Dassault Systèmes. Developed by Dassault in cooperation with leading shipbuilders and naval designers including Deltamarin, General Dynamics Marine/Electric Boat, Bath Iron Works, Northrop Grumman Ship Systems, Meyer Werft and Northrop Grumman Newport News, they are quickly becoming the industry standard.Leveraging the same digital manufacturing skills widely used in the automotive and aircraft industries, IBM shipbuilding solutions allow you to significantly reduce time to market, product cost, lifecycle costs and delays during new product launches. These solutions perform many digital assembly, manufacturing and maintenance processes early in the design cycle, allow you to de-bug the manufacturing and maintenance process in the digital world, which avoids expensive change orders in the physical world.IBM shipbuilding solutions incorporate the best thinking in the business to solve the very real challenges you have today. With IBM Global Services to pull it all together, mix and match modules to suit your needs and customise the software to your way of doing business, IBM shipbuilding solutions are the most complete, comprehensive, customizable and collaborative on demand solution available today. The main technologies behind the solution include:Advanced Applications• Design, Engineering, Planning, Manufacturing and Collaboration Tools• Functionality for design, analysis, simulation, planning and production • Based on proven, industry-leading CATIA, ENOVIA LCA, SMARTEAM and DELMIA brand infrastructure from Dassault Systèmes • Multi-CAD compatibility • Browser technology • 3D design visualisation • Production planning • Digital manufacturing • B2B procurement interface • Design change/document management • Workflow• Robotic simulation• Knowledge capture and reuse.10Systems & Networks to Interconnect Owners/Yards/Suppliers • Legacy system integration • Interfaces to production and ERP • Browser access.Systems Management• Managing the network and access • Secure environment• Centralised product, process and resource database • Customizable user view • Multi-CAD Support.Consulting & Services • Skills transfer• Modelling and simulation • Best practices• Installation and performance tuning • Systems integration • Outsourcing • Customization.11The complete, smart, collaborative shipbuilding solutionWith IBM shipbuilding solutions, it is now possible to design a complete 3D product model even before contracts are signed and the first steel is ordered, and to use that model as the basis for detail design, purchasing, build strategy, production planning, workshop documentation, installation and even maintenance. The system supports online collaboration through the ENOVIA LCA and Portal, which gives everyone on the team, from owners to purchasing, the means to view and markup 3D models using a simple Web browser.IBM shipbuilding solutions stores individual ship parts, process templates and manufacturing resources as intelligent and interconnected components that know about themselves and their relationship to one another by attaching information about their real-work industrial characteristics and behavior. The system actually uses the design context to pick the most appropriate part from the project catalogue. Designers only resolve conflicts – when no part is available or when multiple parts fulfilthe requirements. And when the time comes to order parts, integration of the design solution with the corporate ERP and procurement systems through IBM’s on demand framework ensures your buyers know exactly what they are purchasing and why.With CATIA, every 3D model is continually associated with every 2D extraction made from it. Deleting an object in 3D removes it from each 2D drawing, and vice versa. Every change automatically updates every drawing, eliminating many sources of error.12Knowledge engineering rules analyzedesign intent. For example, in a pipingdiagram, the distance between pipesand heat sources is automaticallycalculated, and the software assignsthe proper level of insulation to thepipes and neighbouring structuralelements based on an analysis of thefluids to be transported.System intelligence also providesinterference clash detection. But unlikemost systems, which only modelhard interferences, IBM shipbuildingsolutions can distinguish betweentrue penetrations and subtle contacts,eliminating the false positives thatburn designers’ time. It also analysessoft interferences – modules that don’ttouch or bump but interfere with eachother when maintenance or operationis required, from leaving enoughroom for worker access to providingclearance around light fixtures toensure their illumination is not blockedby nearby objects.As an IBM on demand solution, IBMshipbuilding solutions empowers teammembers to interact with one another,suggesting changes or communicatingnew requirements. Participants canhold markup and discussion sessionsin real-time online, or use subscriptioncapabilities and instant messaging totrack changes as they occur.13The proven, real-world solution…Best of all, IBM shipbuilding solutions has been developed and proven in actual yard operations by some of the world’s leading shipbuilders and naval architects.Deltamarin, for example, has documented lead time savings of two to six months during the design phase by creating a complete 3D model at the first stage of a project. Having a good, well-coordinated model available at the signing of a newbuilding contract saves coordination time later and remarkablyreduces the discussions of contents and the actual meaning of contracts and design as work progresses. The same model can be used for calculating essential design parameters and for extracting subcontractor and supplier inquiry models. Deltamarin notes that having such models ‘reduces the risk of modifications, saving both man-hours and, particularly, lead time’. When fleshed out with piping, ducting, cable tray, main components, equipment and systems, the same model serves asthe basis for turnkey contracting, detail production, planning and workshop drawings. Owners, meanwhile, have used Deltamarin’s models for marketing, training, safety and even for bank financing and insurance purposes.At Meyer Werft, 3D models have been used to eliminate costly, traditional scale models of complex areas and to analyse and review construction in a virtual environment, allowing the development of building and erection sequences.14General Dynamics Electric Boat, meanwhile, believes that its decision to electronically mock up the entire attack class submarine while simulating assembly and outfitting has shortened design cycle time, improved quality and contributed significantly to a 25 per cent decline in costs compared to the Seawolf class. Electric Boat has used its mockups and assembly simulations to allow design/build teams of designers, production workers, lifecycle support personnel and customers to work concurrently on finding the optimum locations for equipment, the optimum modular build and test units, and the optimum sequence of assembly. Physical mockups have been reduced by 75 percent.Collaborative work tools have also allowed EB and Northrop Grumman Newport News, which are co-building the submarines, to divide the construction of key modules, avoid duplicating the learning curve and save US taxpayers an estimated $700 million. NGNN, meanwhile, has fully integrated its ERP and CATIA systems, using ENOVIA software as the product data handler in between.…From your proven, real-world partner: IBMDesigning and building a modern ship is one of the largest, most complex undertakings in the modern world. Not just any company can build one – and not just anyone can support the companies that build them. Just as no one else can match the skill and know-how that you bring to a project, no one else can match the skill and know-how that IBM puts at your disposal. We have more experience with large and complex projects than anyone else in the business, and our track record of success speaks for itself. We have the people, experience and resources to ensure your success, because we understand both the complexity of building collaborative systems for design and production and the complexity of the global marketplace in which you compete.That’s why CATIA and DELMIA use a common object technology paradigm that supports multiple views of the product, giving you simultaneous access to system, space and build strategies. It’s why our solution is scalable, allowing you to easily15accommodate multiple, complex ship development projects. Our IBM on demand framework is the most comprehensive in the business, giving you a broad-based, complete and fully integrated solution for sharing information across your enterprise and throughout your supply chain.We also realise that technology must constantly evolve to meet your needs, so IBM is committed to continuous improvement of its Shipbuilding Solutions. IBM and Dassault have joined with Seoul National University in South Korea, for example, to create and equip the Digital Shipbuilding Innovation Center, accelerating research into shipbuilding innovation. And we provide global support for customers through our IBM Shipbuilding Competency Center, which is staffed with experts in hull design, structures and other aspects of shipbuilding. The centre provides consulting services on the business, best practices and management of electronic shipbuilding solutions – all so that the best shipbuilding solution in the business today will still be the best for years to come.“A major source of additional competitiveness for shipbuilders is improving collaboration betweenengineering and manufacturing. We are convinced that the combination of CATIA and DELMIA provides the unique opportunity to connect these two domains.”Dr. Jong Gye ShinDepartment of Naval Architecture & Ocean Engineering, Seoul National University/solutions/plmIBM EurocoordinationProduct Lifecycle ManagementTour DescartesLa Defense 52, avenue Gambetta92066 Paris La Defense CedexFranceThe IBM home page can be found at IBM, the IBM logo and are registeredtrademarks of International Business Machines Corporation in the United States, other countries, or both.CATIA® is a registered trademark of DassaultSystèmes.ENOVIA® is a registered trademark of Dassault Systèmes.SMARTEAM® is a registered trademark ofSmarTeam Corporation Ltd.Other company, product and service names may be trademarks, or service marks of others.References in this publication to IBM products,programs or services do not imply that IBMintends to make these available in all countriesin which IBM operates. Any reference to an IBM product, program or service is not intended toimply that only IBM’s product, program or service may be used. Any functionally equivalent product, program or service may be used instead.IBM hardware products are manufacturedfrom new parts, or new and used parts. Insome cases, the hardware product may not be new and may have been previously installed.Regardless, IBM warranty terms apply.This publication is for general guidance only.Images courtesy of:BRUNVOLL Thruster ASCENIT AG GroupDeltamarin LtdGeneral Dynamics Electric BoatMeyer WerftPhotographs may show design models.© Copyright IBM Corporation 2004.All Rights Reserved.For more information contact your IBM Marketing Representative, IBM Business Partner, or call one of the numbers below:USA Toll-free 1 800 395 3339 Canada (514) 938 6718 Argentina (54) 11 4319 6594 Brazil (55) 11 3050 5542 Mexico (1) (52) 5 270 64 25 Australia 02 9842 9555China 86 10 6539 1188 ext. 4774 Hong Kong 2825 7614India 91 20 649724 / 649621 Indonesia 021 *******Japan 3 3808 8510Korea 822 3781 7583 Malaysia (603) 7720 2069New Zealand +64 9 359 8785 Philippines 2 819 2345 Singapore 65 320 1234Taiwan 02 725 9493Thailand 2 273 4406Austria 1 211 45 2929 Belgium 2 225 2901 CEMA +421 2 4954 1225 Czech Republic 27 213 1742 Denmark 45 233000 Egypt 539 2539 Finland (0) 9 459 4151 France 01 49 05 70 64 Germany 01 805 426 756 Greece 1 688 14 76 Hungary 01 382 5500 Israel (972) 3 697 8586 Italy (39) 039 600 3767 Netherlands 020 513 3769 Norway 66 99 9361 Poland 22 878 6145 Portugal 21 7915005 Romania 21 224 1544 Russia 095 940 2000 Slovakia +421 2 4954 1225 Slovenia/Croatia 01 479 6676 South Africa 0860 788 788 Spain (34) 91 397 66 11 Sweden 8 763 4394 Switzerland 58 333 53 70 Turkey *********** United Kingdom 0870 010 2510PLBEE01116-4 (250504) HW。
Autodesk MEP Engineering Solution 商业用户指南说明书
Autodesk®MEP Engineering SolutionSee inside the walls.AutoCAD®MEPDraft. Design. DeliverBenefit from greater drafting productivity, better accuracy, and design coordination opportunities. MEP designers and drafters are spending too much time on repetitive tasks. Autodesk offers a broad suite of solutions to help MEP professionals stay ahead of the competition and remain competitive. With AutoCAD MEP, production of construction documents is automated, helping to save time and allowing for the creation of single-line and double-line systems in addition to schematics. Whetheryou are working on a building project led by an architect or partnering with professionals from other disciplines such as structural and civil engineering for the design of water/wastewater facilities, AutoCAD MEP allows you to work in the familiar AutoCAD environment while implementing new systems and documentation tools at your own pace. Better Design Accuracy With constant requests to accommodate lastminute changes, MEP professionals need toefficiently create and edit designs. Using AutoCADMEP, you can more easily assess designs, sizing, andsystem balances with integrated calculators thathelp ensure accuracy. Errors are minimized with automated drafting tasks and built in calculators.AutoCAD MEP software helps to enhance drafting productivity and allows you to more smoothly integrate discipline-specific design and documentation tools.Coordinate Design InformationWith continuous pressure to reduce costs, youcan help reduce requests for information (RFIs)and costly design changes in the field with moreaccurate and consistent construction documentsproduced with AutoCAD MEP. Design systems usingreal-world parts and equipment, which can be usedthroughout the fabrication and construction of thebuilding helping to save time and money.Collaborate More EffectivelySince most projects require collaboration withprofessionals from other disciplines, take advantageof architectural and structural plans developedusing AutoCAD-based software applications tobetter coordinate with your extended team.AutoCAD MEP software helps you to minimizeinterferences prior to construction, allowing greatercoordination and collaboration.AutoCAD MEP helps to provide increased drafting productivity, better accuracy and design coordination opportunities forMEP designers and drafters.Fast. Faster. Fastest workflowHelp improve design accuracy by automating repetitive drafting tasks, reviewing and checking your designs, and simulating sizing and system balances.Familiar AutoCAD EnvironmentAutoCAD MEP is built on AutoCAD®, providing you with access to all of the commands you expect. Protect your investment in training whilst accessing discipline specific tools at your own pace. Industry-Based or Task-Based WorkspacesIf you work in a multidisciplinary firm and perform several different design tasks, such as the designof HVAC and piping systems, workspaces are particularly useful. You can use them to save user interface configurations that are tailored to specific tasks. Once the workspaces are created, you can quickly switch between them as needed.Schematic DesignMore easily create riser diagrams and schematicplans with enhanced schematic tool palettesthat logically group commonly used tools. TheProperties palette provides easier schematic objectconfigurations. Convert existing AutoCAD blocks toschematic symbols for quick use in schematic design.Fabrication for MEP ContractorsWith smoother integration of fabrication partnertools into AutoCAD MEP software, MEP designers,drafters and contractors can leverage theirAutoCAD MEP design for the fabrication of sheetmetal, plumbing, and piping making it easier tocreate shop drawings.Single/Double-Line DesignAutomate your worflow by creating constructiondocuments more efficiently with single line fordesign development and convert automatically todouble line for construction documents. Lay outmechanical systems in single line with unsizedparts early in the design process, and then useduct-sizing tools and convert the layout to doubleline. Enhanced sizing tools help to increase draftingproductivity when moving from design developmentto construction documentation.Smart Annotation of ObjectsAnnotate once for all scales. Annotative textand symbols automatically change for each viewbased on the scale. You can annotate objects withlabels that consist of text or block definitions.The information in the label comes from objectproperties, such as connection size.Single-line duct design Double-line duct designDesign, decide and draw the systemAssess your vision and enhance your efficiency with purpose-built software for MEP designers and drafters.Engineering Display ThemesTypically, manual properties of an object—such as a duct’s friction loss or velocity—are not visible in a drawing. Display themes let you incorporate such nongraphical data by using colors, fills, or hatches to highlight objects that meet criteria you establish in a display theme style. For example, check your HVAC design calculations based on friction loss or velocity to assess performance for a particular area or room. Also use the display theme By Pressure Class to visually show the high, medium, and low pressure per piping class to more easily identify potential design flaws.Synchronized SchedulesDesigners and drafters can schedule engineering system data, calculate values, and use new table styles to lay out room and analysis schedules. Schedules are automatically updated as the design changes, assisting in the reduction of errors. Create schedules as you lay out your design, and see the schedule populate automatically, helping to save time. You can create schedules with varying levelsof detail by defining and attaching sets of properties to object styles or to individual objects and then extracting and displaying the data in a schedule table.Seamless Sections and ElevationsNo longer wait until the end of your design process to create sections and elevations, instead, quickly create them at any time. You can control the size and shape of the section you generate and assign materials to the section for an optimal visual representation of the sectioned objects. Drawing ManagementThe Drawing Management feature formalizes and automates the processes related to building system design and documentation. The feature provides automated tools that aid in the management, viewing, and construction of your building systems. When your project files are managed with this feature, you have greater consistency in all aspects of the project, and everyone on the design team has a centralized project environment for accessing the most current documents. Powerful linking features help enable that source files can be distributed over many different locations on your computeror on a network, enabling different people to worksimultaneously on the same project.Choose your GearAutoCAD MEP software is an essential element in a complementary, comprehensive Autodesk engineering solution for MEP professionals.AutoCAD Drive your projects from concept to completion with the powerful AutoCAD-based documentation tools. Work more efficiently with automation, management, and editing tools that minimize repetitive tasks and speed your time to completion. AutoCAD ® software is interoperable with AutoCAD MEP software.Collaboration Autodesk Navisworks Manage Autodesk ® Navisworks ® software solutions help enable project design and building professionals to unite their contributions into a single, synchronized building information model. By helping enable team members to more reliably share, combine, review, and correct detailed 3D design models of any size or format, Autodesk Navisworks solutions are at theheart of your design workflow.Autodesk Design ReviewAccelerate your reviews with Autodesk ® DesignReview software, the free*, integrated, all-digitalway to view, print, mark up, and compare versions ofdrawings, maps, and models—without the originaldesign-creation software. For everyone in thereview chain, sharing and collaborating on designshas never been this easy.Design and DocumentationAutoCAD MEPAutoCAD ® MEP software is the AutoCAD ®software for mechanical, electrical, and plumbingdesigners and drafters. Creation and coordinationof construction documents is more efficient withAutoCAD MEP’s more intuitive systems drawingand design tools.AutoCAD P&IDCreate, modify, and manage piping andinstrumentation diagrams with AutoCAD P&IDsoftware. Built on the latest AutoCAD ® platform,AutoCAD P&ID software is easy to use and familiarto designers and engineers, so design teams canstart immediately with minimal training. Commontasks performed every day are streamlined andautomated to boost productivity, while componentand line information is easily accessed by designersas they work. Autodesk Seek Powerful, dynamic Autodesk ® Seek web service replaces bulky paper catalogs and static online directories. Connect architects and engineers with building product manufacturers. Enhance design efficiency. Streamline project workflows by reducing the hassle of time-consuming searches or the need todesign a product or component for each new project.Autodesk Buzzsaw The Autodesk ® Buzzsaw ® on-demand collaborative project management solution helps your organization centralize building design and construction-related documents, simplify communication, and make collaboration smoother so you can execute projects more successfully based on more accurate information and timely decisions.。
SHELL壳牌石油公司DEP标准总汇。涉及到所有的行业的标准
DEP 31.21.00.93-CSPC
Data / Requisition sheet (cont. sheet) for
SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGERS
SHEET
DEP 31.21.01.93-CSPC
Data / Requisition sheet (cont. sheet) for
DEP 30.48.40.31-CSPC
THERMAL SPRAYING OF COATINGS OF ZINC,
ALUMINIUM AND THEIR ALLOYS (ENDORSEMENT OF ISO
2063)
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
DEP 30.48.41.31-CSPC
PREPARATION OF PROCESS FLOW SCHEMES AND PROCESS ENGINEERING FLOW SCHEMES
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
DEP 01.00.02.12-CSPC
PREPARATION OF SAISTING FACILITIES AND WEATHER PROTECTION FOR
ROTATING EQUIPMENT
MANUAL
DEP 31.29.00.10-CSPC
INSTALLATION OF ROTATING EQUIPMENT
MANUAL
DEP 31.29.00.30-CSPC
ELECTROLESS NICKEL PLATING
(AMENDMENTS/SUPPLEMENTS TO ASTM B 733)
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
桥梁工程英语词汇
结构控制structural controlstructure control结构控制： structural control結構控制： structural control结构控制剂： constitution controller裂缝宽度容许值裂缝宽度容许值： allowable value of crack width装配式预制装配式预制: precast装配式预制的: precast—segmental装配式预制混凝土环： precast concrete segmental ring安装预应力安装预应力： prestressed最优化optimization最优化: Optimum Theory｜optimization｜ALARA 使最优化： optimized次最优化： suboptimization空心板梁空心板梁： hollow slab beam主梁截面主梁截面： girder section边、中跨径边、中跨径: side span ＆middle spin主梁girder主梁: girder|main beam｜king post 桥主梁： bridge girder主梁翼： main spar单墩单墩： single pier单墩尾水管： single-pier draught tube单墩肘形尾水管： one—pier elbow draught tube结构优化设计结构优化设计： optimal structure designing扩结构优化设计: Optimal Struc ture Designing 液压机结构优化设计软件包： HYSOP连续多跨多跨连续梁： continuous beam on many supports拼接板splice barsplice plate拼接板: splice bar｜scab｜splice plate 端头拼接板： end matched lumber销钉拼接板： pin splice裂缝crack crevice跨越to step acrossstep over跨越： stride leap|across｜spanning跨越杆： cross-over pole｜crossingpole 跨越点: crossing point｜crossover point刚构桥rigid frame bridge刚构桥: rigid frame bridge形刚构桥： T-shaped rigid frame bridge连续刚构桥： continuous rigid frame bridge刚度比stiffness ratioratio of rigidity刚度比: ratio of rigidity｜stiffness ratio 动刚度比: dynamic stiffenss ratio刚度比劲度比: stiffnessratio等截面粱uniform beam等截面粱: uniform beam｜uniform cross-section beam桥梁工程bridge constructionbridgework桥梁工程： bridgeworks|LUSAS FEA｜Bridge Engineering 桥梁工程师： Bridge SE铁路桥梁工程: railway bridge engineering悬索桥suspension bridge悬索桥: suspension bridge|su e io ridge懸索橋： Suspension bridge|Puente colgante 加劲悬索桥: stiffenedsuspensionbridge预应力混凝土prestressed concrete预应力混凝土: prestressed concrete｜prestre edconcrete 预应力混凝土梁: prestressed concrete beam预应力混凝土管： prestressed concrete pipe预应力钢筋束预应力钢筋束： pre—stressing tendon｜pre—stre ingtendon 抛物线型钢丝束（预应力配钢筋结构用)： parabolic cable最小配筋率minimum steel ratio轴向拉力axial tensionaxial tensile force轴向拉力: axial tension|axial te ion 轴向拉力, 轴向拉伸: axial tension轴向拉力轴向张力: axialtensileforce承台cushion cap承台: bearing platform|cushioncap｜pile caps 桩承台： pile cap|platformonpiles低桩承台： low pile cap拱桥arch bridge拱桥： hump bridge|arch bridge|arched bridge 拱橋: Arch bridge｜Puente en arco｜Pont en arc 鸠拱桥： Khājū强度intensitystrength强度： intensity｜Strength｜Density刚强度： stiffness|stiffne｜westbank stiffness 光强度： light intensity|intensity箍筋hooping箍筋： stirrup|reinforcement stirrup|hooping 箍筋柱: tied column｜hooped column形箍筋: u stirrup u预应力元件预应力元件： prestressed element等效荷载equivalent load等效荷载： equivalent load等效荷载原理： principle of equivalent loads 等效负载等效荷载等值负载： equivalentload模型matrix model mould pattern承载能力极限状态承载能力极限状态： ultimate limit states正常使用极限状态serviceability limit state正常使用极限状态： serviceability limit state正常使用极限状态验证： verification of serviceability limit states弹性elasticityspringinessspringgiveflexibility弹性: elasticity｜Flexibility｜stretch 彈性： Elastic|Elasticidad｜弾性弹性体： elastomer｜elastic body｜SPUA平截面假定plane cross-section assumption平截面假定: plane cross-section assumption抗拉强度intensity of tension tensile strength安全系数safety factor标准值standard value标准值： standard value,｜reference value作用标准值: characteristic value of an action 重力标准值： gravity standard设计值value of calculationdesign value设计值: design value|value｜designed value 作用设计值： design value of an action荷载设计值： design value of a load可靠度confidence levelreliabilityfiduciary level可靠度： Reliability｜degree of reliability 不可靠度： Unreliability高可靠度: High Reliability几何特征geometrical characteristic几何特征： geometrical characteristic配位几何特征: coordinated geometric feature 流域几何特征: basin geometric characteristics塑性plastic nature plasticity应力图stress diagram应力图: stress diagram|stress pattern 谷式应力图： Cremona's method机身应力图： fuselage stress diagram压应力crushing stress压应力： compressive stress|compression stress 抗压应力: compressive stress｜pressure load内压应力: internal pressure stress配筋率ratio of reinforcementreinforcement ratioreinforcement percentage配筋率： reinforcement ratio平均配筋率: balanced steel ratio纵向配筋率： longitudinal steel ratio有限元分析finite element analysis有限元分析： FEA|finite element analysis （FEA）|ABAQUS 反有限元分析： inverse finite element analysis有限元分析软件： HKS ABAQUS｜MSC/NASTRAN MSC/NASTRAN有限元法finite element method有限元法: FInite Element｜finite element method 积有限元法： CVFEM线性有限元法: Linear Finite Element Method裂缝控制裂缝控制： crack control控制裂缝钢筋: crack-control reinforcement检查,核对，抑制，控制，试验，裂缝，支票，账单,牌号，名牌: check应力集中stress concentration应力集中： stress concentration应力集中点： hard spot｜focal point of stress 应力集中器: stress concentrators主拉应力principal tensile stress主拉应力： principal tensile stress非线性nonlinearity非线性振动nonlinear oscillationsnonlinear vibration非线性振动： nonlinear vibration非线性振动理论： theory of non linear vibration 非线性随机振动： Nonlinear random vibration弯矩flexural momentment of flexion （moment of flexure）bending momentflexural torque弯矩： bending moment|flexural moment｜kN—m 弯矩图： bending moment diagram|moment curve 双弯矩： bimoment弯矩中心center of momentsmoment center弯矩中心： center of moments｜momentcenter弯矩分配法moment distributionmomentdistribution弯矩分配法： hardy cross method|cross method弯矩图bending moment diagrammoment curvemoment diagram弯矩图： bending moment diagram｜moment curve 最终弯矩图: final bending moment diagram最大弯矩图: maximum bending moment diagram剪力shearing force剪力： shearing force｜shear force｜shear剪力墙： shear wall|shearing wall｜shear panel 剪力钉: shear nails｜SHEAR CONCRETE STUD弹性模量elasticity modulus young’s modulus elastic modulus modulus of elasticity elastic ratio剪力图shear diagram剪力图： shear diagram|shearing force diagram剪力和弯矩图： Shear and Moment Diagrams绘制剪力和弯矩图的图解法： Graphical Method for Constructing Shear and Moment Diagrams剪力墙shear wall剪力墙： shear wall｜shearing wall｜shear panel 抗剪力墙： shearwall剪力墙结构: shear wall structure轴力轴力: shaft force|axial force螺栓轴力测试仪: Bolt shaft force tester 轴向力： axial force|normal force|beam框架结构frame construction等参单元等参数单元等参元： isoparametricelement板单元板单元： plate unit托板单元： pallet unit骨板骨单元： lamella/lamellaeosteon梁(surname）beam of roof bridge桥梁bridge曲率curvature材料力学mechanics of materials结构力学structural mechanics结构力学: Structural Mechanics|theory of structures 重结构力学: barodynamics船舶结构力学： Structual Mechamics for Ships弯曲刚度flexural rigiditybending rigidity弯曲刚度： bending stiffness｜flexural rigidity 截面弯曲刚度： flexural rigidity of section弯曲刚度,抗弯劲度： bending stiffness钢管混凝土结构encased structures钢管混凝土结构： encased structures极限荷载ultimate load极限荷载： ultimate load极限荷载设计: limit load design|ultimate load design 设计极限荷载： designlimitloadDLL｜design ultimate load极限荷载设计limit load designultimate load analysisultimate load design极限荷载设计： limit load design｜ultimate load design 设计极限荷载: designlimitloadDLL｜design ultimate load板壳力学mechanics of board shell板壳力学: Plate Mechanics板壳非线性力学： Nonlinear Mechanics of Plate and Shell本构模型本构模型： constitutive model体积本构模型: bulk constitutive equation 本构模型屈服面： yield surface主钢筋main reinforcing steelmain reinforcement主钢筋: main reinforcement｜Main Reinforcing Steel 钢筋混凝土的主钢筋： mainbar悬臂梁socle beam悬臂梁: cantilever beam｜cantilever|outrigger 悬臂梁长： length of cantilever双悬臂梁: TDCB悬链线catenary悬链线： Catenary，｜catenary wire|chainette 伪悬链线： pseudocatenary悬链线长: catenary length加劲肋ribbed stiffener加劲肋: stiffening rib|stiffener｜ribbed stiffener 短加劲肋： short stiffener支承加劲肋： bearing stiffener技术标准technology standard水文水文： Hydrology水文学： hydrology｜hydroaraphy｜すいもんがく水文图： hydrograph|hydrological maps招标invite public bidding投标(v) submit a bid bid for连续梁through beam连续梁： continuous beam｜through beam多跨连续梁： continuous beam on many supports 悬臂连续梁： gerber beam加劲梁stiff girder加劲梁： stiffening girder｜buttress brace 加劲梁节点: stiff girder connection支撑刚性梁，加劲梁，横撑: buttress brace水文学hydrology水文学： hydrology|hydroaraphy|すいもんがく水文學： Hydrologie｜水文学｜?？？？?？？?? 古水文学： paleohydrology桥梁抗震桥梁抗震加固： bridge aseismatic strengthening抗风wind resistance抗风： Withstand Wind|Wtstan Wn｜wind resistance 抗风锚： weather anchor抗风性: wind resistance基础的basal桥梁控制测量bridge construction control survey桥梁控制测量： bridge construction control survey桥梁施工桥梁施工控制综合程序系统: FWD桥梁最佳施工指南： Bridge Best Practice Guidelines桥梁工程施工技术咨询： Bridge Construction Engineering Service总体设计overall designintegrated design总体设计： Global｜overall design｜general arrangement 总体设计概念: totaldesignconcept工厂总体设计图： general layout scheme初步设计predesign preliminary plan技术设计technical design技术设计: technical design|technical project 技术设计员： Technical Designer｜technician 技术设计图: technical drawing施工图设计construction documents design施工图设计： construction documents design施工图设计阶段： construction documents design phase基本建设项目施工图设计: design of working drawing of a capital construction project桥台abutment bridge abutment基础foundation basebasis结构形式structural style结构形式： Type of construction|form of structure 表结构形式: list structure form屋顶结构形式： roof form地震earthquake地震活动earthquake activityseismic activityseismic motionseismicity地震活动: Seismic activity|seismic motion 地震活动性： seismicity｜seismic地震活动图: seismicity map支撑体系支撑体系： bracing system|support system 物流企业安全平台支撑体系： SSOSP公路桥涵公路施工手册-桥涵： Optimization of Road Traffic Organization-Abstract引道approach roadramp wayapproach引道: approach｜approach road引道坡： approach ramp｜a roachramp 引道版: Approach slab装配式装配式桥: fabricated bridge|precast bridge 装配式房屋： Prefabricated buildings装配式钢体: fabricated steel body耐久性wear耐久性： durability｜permanence｜endurance不耐久性: fugitiveness耐久性试验： endurance test｜life test｜durability test持久状况持久状况： persistent situation 短暂状况短暂状况: transient situation 偶然状况偶然状况: accidental situation永久作用永久作用: permanent action永久作用标准值: characteristic value of permanent action可变作用可变作用： variable action可变作用标准值: characteristic value of variable action 可变光阑作用: iris action偶然作用偶然作用： accidental action偶然同化(作用）: accidental assimilation作用效应偶然组合： accidental combination for action effects作用代表值作用代表值： representative value of an action作用标准值作用标准值: characteristic value of an action地震作用标准值： characteristic value of earthquake action 可变作用标准值: characteristic value of variable action作用频遇值作用频遇值 Frequent value of an action安全等级safe class安全等级： safety class｜Security Level｜safeclass 生物安全等级： Biosafety Level生物安全等級： Biosafety Level作用actionactivity actionsactseffectto play a role设计基准期design reference period设计基准期: design reference period作用准永久值作用准永久值: quasi－permanentvalueofanaction作用效应作用效应: effects of actions｜effect of an action 互作用效应： interaction effect质量作用效应: mass action effect作用效应设计值作用效应设计值 Design value of an action effect分项系数分项系数: partial safety factor｜partial factor 作用分项系数： partial safety factor for action 抗力分项系数: partial safety factor for resistance作用效应组合作用效应组合: combination for action effects作用效应基本组合: fundamental combination for action effects 作用效应偶然组合: accidental combination for action effects结构重要性系数结构重要性系数Coefficient for importance of a structure桥涵桥涵跟桥梁比较类似,主要区别在于：单孔跨径小于5m或多孔跨径之和小于8m的为桥涵，大于这个标准的为桥梁公路等级公路等级: highway classification标准：公路等级代码： Code for highway classification标准:公路路面等级与面层类型代码: Code for classification and type of highway pavement顺流fair current设计洪水频率设计洪水频率: designed flood frequency水力water powerwater conservancyirrigation works水力: hydraulic power|water power｜water stress水力学： Hydraulics｜hydromechanics｜fluid mechanics 水力的： hydraulic|hydrodynamic｜hyd河槽river channel河槽: stream channel|river channel｜gutter 古河槽： old channel河槽线： channel axis河岸riversidestrand河岸： bank｜riverside｜river bank 河岸林: riparian forest河岸权： riparian right河岸侵蚀stream bank erosion河岸侵蚀： bank erosion｜stream bank erosion 河岸侵蚀河岸侵食： bank erosion河岸侵蚀, 堤岸冲刷： bank erosion高架桥桥墩高架桥桥墩: viaduct pier桥梁净空高潮时桥梁净空高度: bridge clearance行车道lane行车道: carriageway|traffic lane｜Through Lane 快行车道: fast lane西行车道： westbound carriageway一级公路A roadarterial roadarterial highway一级公路: A road arterial road arterial highway 一级公路网: primaryhighwaysystem二级公路b roadsecondary road二级公路： B road, secondary road涵洞culvert涵洞： culvert梁涵洞: Beam Culverts 木涵洞: timber culvert河床riverbedrunway河床： river bed｜bed｜stream bed冰河床: glacier bed型河床： oxbow｜horseshoe bend｜meander loop河滩flood plainriver beach河滩: river shoal｜beach｜river flat 河滩地： flood land｜overflow land 河滩区: riffle area高级公路high-type highway高级公路： high-typehighway高架桥trestleviaduct高架桥： viaduct｜overhead viaduct 高架橋: Viadukt｜Viaducto|高架橋高架桥面: elevated deck洪水流量volume of floodflood dischargeflooddischarge洪水流量： flood discharge|flood flow｜peak discharge 洪水流量预报： flooddischargeforecast平均年洪水流量： average annual flood设计速度design speed设计速度： design speed｜designed speed｜design rate设计速度,构造速度： desin speed｜desin speed <haha最大阵风强度的设计速度： VB Design Speed for Maximum Gust Intension跨度span紧急停车emergency shutdown （cut-off)emergency cut—off紧急停车: abort｜panic stop|emergency stop 紧急停车带： lay—by|emergency parking strip 紧急停车阀： emergency stop valve减速gear downretardment speed-down deceleration slowdown车道traffic lane路缘带side tripmarginal stripmargin verge路缘带： marginal strip｜side strip｜margin verge路肩shoulder of earth body路肩: shoulder|verge｜shoulder of road 硬路肩: hard shoulder|hardened verge 软路肩： Soft Shoulder最小值minimum value最小值： minimum|Min|least value 求最小值: minimization找出最小值： min最大值max。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Dimensional Data 1 Diaphragm Case 2 Diaphragm3 Diaphragm Plate4 Actuator Spring5 Actuator Stem6 Spring Seat7 Spring Adjustor8 Stem Connector9 Y oke10 Travel Indicator11 Travel Indicator ScaleT ype 657 direct acting diaphragm actuator.Courtesy of Fisher Controlst b l Ow.d oc u -t r a ck .c C i c kou yN wwom280Pipe Drafting and DesignVALVE TRIMThe term “trim” refers to the internal parts of a valve body assembly which come in contact with the controlled fluid. Type 316 stainless steel is Fisher's standard trim material. It is satisfactory for most applications and is generally recommended for fluid temperatures up to 750°F and pressure drops up to 150 psi. For very high pressure drops or high temperature conditions, a hard sur-facing alloy such as Stellite can be used on the wearing parts of the valve plug, seat rings, guide bushings and guide posts. Other alloys such as Monel, Hastelloy “B”,D urimet 20 or 440C stainless steel may be selected to combat individual corrosion and erosion problems.Courtesy of Fisher ControlsDesign "A" double port body.t b l Ow.d oc u -t r a ck .c C i c kou yN wwomDimensional Data Courtesy of Fisher ControlsFigure 3-1. Type 657-A control valve with double port, top and bottom guided V-pup valve plug.Figure 3-4. Double port Design “A ” body with top and bottom throttle Plug valve plug.Figure 3-5. Double port Design “A ” body with port guided V-Port valve plug.Figure 3-6. Double port Design “AR ” body with reverse acting V-Pup valve plug.Figure 3-2. T ype 667-A control valve with single port, top and port guided Micro-Flute valve plug.Figure 3-3. T ype 470-A control valve with single port, top and bottom guided Throttle Plug valve plug.t b l Ow.d oc u -t r a ck .c C i c kou yN wwom282Pipe Drafting and DesignACTUATORSType 657 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3Type 667 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3Type 470 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4Type 472 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4Type 473 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5Type 513 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5BODIESDesign “A” Single Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 and 7Design “A” Double Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 and 9Design “AA” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10Design “AC” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 and 11Design “B” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11Design “BA” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12Design “BF” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12Design “BFC”Design “D” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Design “DA” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Design “DB” & “DBQ” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Design “DBA” & “DBAQ” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Design “E” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Design “EA” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Design “GS” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Design “HS” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Design “K” & “KB” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Design “Y” (Iron). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Design “Y” (Steel) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Design “YY” (Iron) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Design “YY” (Steel) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Design “Z” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Design “ZLA” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19PROCEDURETo obtain the overall dimensions of a controlvalve, add the “D” and “G” body dimensions to the“E” dimension of the actuator. Dimensions for valvebodies with a 5Љ boss head are so indicated and thesedimensions should be combined with one of the fol-lowing actuators: Size 80 and 87, Types 657 and667; Sizes 80, 86, 100 and 130, Type 470; Sizes 80and 100, Types 472 and 473. Similarly, dimensionsfor valve bodies that can be furnished with a 1¼Љboss head are so indicated and these dimensionsshould be combined with the dimensions of the Type513 or the Type 470, Size 23, actuators.Example:Given: 6Љ Type 657-A, 150 lb. RF flanged, double portsteel body with top and bottom guided valve plug.From the table below, note that a Size 50 or 60 TypeЉ valve. Dimen-sion “E”“G” and “D”+ G + D = 28-++.but not a bottom guide, such as Micro-Form valve plug,use dimension “D” under top and bottom guided anddimension “G” under skirt guided.tblOw.d o cu-t r a ck.cCickouyNww omDimensional Data t b l Ow.d oc u -t r a ck .c C i c kou yN wwom284Pipe Drafting and Designt b l Ow.d oc u -t r a ck .c C i c kou yN wwomDimensional Data t b l Ow.d oc u -t r a ck .c C i c kou yN wwom286Pipe Drafting and Designt b l Ow.d oc u -t r a ck .c C i c kou yN wwomDimensional Data t b l Ow.d oc u -t r a ck .c C i c kou yN wwom288Pipe Drafting and Designt F e b l O-X C h a n g e V ie ww.d oc u -t r a ck .c C i c kou yN W!P DrwwomDimensional Data t b l O w .d o c u -t r a c k .c C i c k o u y N w wo m290Pipe Drafting and Design t b l O w .d o c u -t r a c k .c C i c k o u y N w w o mDimensional Data t b l O w .d o c u -t r a c k .c C i c k o u y N w wo m292Pipe Drafting and Design Appendix B —t b l O w .d o c u -t r a c k .c C i c k o u y N w w o mReview of Lettering t b l O w .d o c u -t r a c k .c C i c k o u y N w wo m294Pipe Drafting and Design Appendix C —t b l O w .d o c u -t r a c k .c C i c k o u y N w w o mAppendix D —Review of Math t b l O w .d o c u -t r a c k .c C i c k o u y N w wo m296Pipe Drafting and Design Appendix E —t b l O w .d o c u -t r a c k .c C i c k o u y N w w o mUse of the Calculator t b l O w .d o c u -t r a c k .c C i c k o u y N w wo m298Pipe Drafting and Design t b l O w .d o c u -t r a c k .c C i c k o u y N w w o mAppendix F —Architect ’s Scale t b l Ow.d oc u -t r a ck .c C i c kou yN wwomGlossaryAAccumulator. Temporary storage tank for liquids and vapors.Actuator. A hydraulic or pneumatic apparatus that will operate a valve by remote control.Air, compressed. Any air with pressure greater than atmospheric pressure.Air, instrument. Compressed air free of contaminants that is used to operate pneumatic control devices.Air, plant. Compressed air used to drive pneumatic hand tools.Air cooler. Large fan-type coolers placed above or below a pipe rack, which draws air across the pipes in the pipe rack to cool them.Alarm. Signals, via lights or horn, used to indicate whether the liquid level, temperature, or pressure inside a vessel is too high or too low or whether there is no flow or reverse flow.Anchor. Stationary support designed to restrict the move-ment of a pipe caused by vibration, turbulance, expan-sion, or other external forces.Anchor bolts. Bolts that have been positioned in con-crete prior to curring. Used to secure equipment, build-ings, tanks, or other items to a concrete foundation.Area limit. Boundary identifying the extents of the unit being drawn.BBack-up ring. thick, washer-like, ring placed weld icicles inside the pipe during the welding process.Ball valve. Valve having a ball with a hole through it that allows straight-through flow. A 90° turn of the wrench opens/closes the valves.Base plate. Flat, metal plate welded to a vessel or other piece of equipment allowing it to be secured to a con-crete foundation via anchor bolts.Battery limit. Lines placed on a drawing to identify the perimeter limits of a unit.Bent. One section of a piperack containing two vertical columns and one or more horizontal connecting members.Beveled end. Any piping component having a tapered end used in butt-welding.Billet. Near-molten, steel bar from which seamless pipe is formed.Bill of materials. A detailed listing of components required to fabricate a run of pipe.Blind flange. A flanged plate-like device used to termi-nate the end of a run of pipe, valve, or vessel opening.Blowdown. Commodity discharged from a relief valve.Boiler. Vessel used to convert water into super-heated steam.Box heater. Vessel used to raise the temperature of a feed before it begins fractional distillation. See vertical heater.Branch. A connecting tie-in of the same or smaller pipe size.Briddle. A screwed or socket-weld piping configuration containing instruments that measure the liquid level in horizontal or vertical vessels.Bubble caps. Small valve-like controls on a tray in a fractionating column that allow rising vapors to pass through.Butt-weld. Weld made when two beveled ends are butted together and welded.Bypass valve. Valve connecting the upstream and down-stream sides of a control set that allows the control valve to be removed for repair or replacement.By-product. Liquid fraction of raw crude.CCage. Metal enclosure surrounding a ladder providing worker safety.Cap. Butt-weld fitting used to close the end of a pipe run.t b l Ow .d oc u -t r a c k.cC i c kou y N wwomGlossary Carbon steel. Chief manufacturing material of pipe and fittings used in industrial piping applications.Catalyst. Compound used to induce a chemical reaction.Centrifugal. “Center-fleeing” action caused by a spin-ning impeller.Charge. The initial feed used in a fractional distillation process.Check valve. Valve used to prevent backflow.Chemical plant. Facility that converts semi-refined prod-ucts into usable consumer products.Codes. A collection of regulations and procedures for design, construction, and operation of a facility.Coefficient of expansion. The numerical factor of expan-sion/contraction of a substance based on a change in temperature.Column. See fractionation column. Also, a vertical steel or concrete member that supports structures, piperacks,buildings, etc.Companion flange. Mating flange of the same size and pound rating as the nozzle, valve, or fitting to which it is bolted.Compressor. Mechanical device used to compress gases or vapors.Concentric. Reducer or swage having a common center-line.Condensate. The liquid that has been removed from a gas or vapor.Condenser. Mechanical apparatus that cools a gas or vapor to the point of condensing.Conduit. Protective covering around electrical wires and cables.Control building. Building from which monitoring and operation of remotely installed instruments are made.Control panel. A cabinet or desk-type housing contain-ing monitoring instruments.Control station. A U-shaped series of valves and fittings that allows for the monitoring, control, and regulation of flow or pressure through a piping system.Control valve. Typically having a globe valve body, this valve provides a method to automatically and remotely control the fluid flow and pressure through a pipe.Controller. A device used to maintain a specified liquid level, temperature, or flow inside a vessel or piping system.Cooler. Mechanical apparatus used to reduce the temper-ature of a liquid commodity.Cooling tower. A mechanical device that dissipates heat by evaporation of water sprayed into a forced-air tower.Cooling water.will lower the temperature of a commodity.Coordinates. Intersecting north-south and east-west lines used to position foundations, equipment, supports,buildings, etc., on a drawing.Corrosion. The dissolving of surface material by chemi-cal reaction.Corrosion allowance. The amount of surface material allowed to be eroded by the commodity within a pipe while permitting the pipe to remain usable for the par-ticular service for which it was installed.Coupling. Fitting used to join two lengths of screwed pipe together. Also used as a branch connection on pipe or a nozzle connection on equipment.Crude oil. The natural state of unrefined oil product. Pri-mary source of fractionated hydrocarbon by-products.DDavit. Crane-like device made of steel pipe or structural steel that allows replacement parts, tools, and small machinary to be raised and lowered from the tops of vertical vessels.Diameter, inside. The circumference measured around the interior wall of a pipe.Diameter, nominal. The name given to a particular size of pipe.Diameter, outside. The circumference measured around the outer wall of a pipe.Dike. Typically an earthen dam or wall surrounding tanks creating a containment area in case of accidental dis-charge or rupture.Discharge. Outgoing flow, typically with increased pres-sure as in the case of pumps or compressors.Distillation. The process of extracting and separating molecular compounds from a supply product.Double extra strong. Catagory of thick-walled pipe.Double line. Drawings used to represent piping systems 14Љ in diameter and larger.Double pipe exchanger. Exchanger having a small diam-eter pipe inserted into a large diameter pipe.Double random length. Length of manufactured pipe,typically 35Ј to 40Ј long.Downcomer. Opening adjacent to a tray that allows over-flowing liquids to fall to the tray below and begin refractionation.Drain. Typically an underground piping system that transfers water runoff or waste materials to a process-ing facility for disposal or treatment. See O.W.S.t b l w.d oc u -t r a ck .c C i c kowwom302Pipe Drafting and DesignDrain funnel. Often a reducer fitting placed at the open-ing of a drainage pipe that aids in the collection of dis-posable materials.Drift. The amount of water lost during the aeration and evaporation sequence in a cooling tower.Dummy leg. A length of pipe or structural steel welded to the outside of a pipe that provides support for the line.EEccentric. Reducer or swage having offset centerlines.Elbow. Fitting used to make changes in direction of pipe line.Elbow, long radius. Ninety degree elbow having a radius equal to one and one-half times the pipe ’s nominal size.Elbow, short radius. Ninety degree elbow having a radius equal to the pipe ’s nominal size.Electric traced. Electric leads coiled around a pipe to maintain a desired temperature.Elevation. Sectional view of a facility showing vertical height dimensions.Extra strong. Pipe and fittings having measurements equivalent to schedule 80.FFace. The mating surface of flanged fittings or valves.Face-to-face. Measurement from the mating surface on one end of a flanged valve to the mating surface on the other end.Feed. The initial fluid material used in the fractional dis-tillation process.Feed, boiler. Water piped through a boiler to produce steam.Female thread. Internal thread grooves cut into pipes, fit-tings, or valves.Field pipe. A run of pipe configured, cut, and pieced together at the time of installation.Filter. Basket-type strainer used to collect solid waste and contaminants circulating through the piping system.Fin-fan. See air cooler.Fired heater. Mechanical device used to elevate circulat-ing liquids to extreme temperatures.Fire proofing. G enerally brick, concrete, or gunite,applied around vessel skirts or structural columns to prevent damage in case of fire.Fitting. G eneric name for components used to make turns, branches, or reductions in a run of pipe.Flange.the end of a pipe that permits the pipe to be attached to other similiarly prepared piping components.Flare stack. Vertical column that uses an open flame to burn waste gases.Flash zone. The position in a fractionation column where the incoming feed separates into vapor and liquid states.Flat face. Flange facing that has no raised surfaces.Floating roof. The type of storage tank roof that is sus-pended by the commodity being stored. The floating prevents the collection of harmful gases and vapors in tanks that store flammable liquids.Flow diagram. Schematic drawing depicting the equip-ment, piping, and instrumentation of a piping facility.Flow displacement meter. Instrument installed within a piping configuration that measures the flow rate of the commodity within the pipe.Flow element. Set of orifice flanges used with test equip-ment that measures rates.Flow indicator. A local or board mounted instrument that registers flow rates.Flow meter. A device used to indicate or record the amount of commodity flowing through a pipe.Flow rate. The amount of flow passing a given point in a pipe for a predetermined amount of time, for example,gph, gpm.Flow ratio recording controller. A combination of con-trol valve and recorder that records the flow within a pipe then controls the flow as required.Flow recorder. Instrument that makes a permanent record of flow measurement.Flow recording controller. A control valve that records measurements of flow through a pipe.Foundation. Grade-level concrete support for buildings,equipment, and structural members.Foundation location plan. Plan drawing depicting the coordinate location of buildings, equipment, and struc-tural concrete supports.Fraction. By-products of a feed supply.Fractional distillation. The chemical process of separat-ing a feed supply into its various molecular compo-nents (by-products).Fractionation column. A vertical vessel having internal plates, called trays, which aid in the separation and col-lection of the various molecular compounds of a feed stock (fractional distillation).Fuel oil. Combustible material used as a heat source for fired equipment in a process facility.t b l w.d oc u -t r a ck .c C i c kowwomGlossary GG-fin. A U-shaped exchanger having a pipe within a pipe.Also known as a “hair pin ” or “double pipe ”exchanger.Gas. The physical state of matter having the ability to dif-fuse readily and distribute uniformly throughout the container to which it is confined.Gasket. Any of a wide variety of materials placed between mating surfaces to prevent leaks.Gate valve. Valve designed for on or off control of a commodity flowing through a pipe.Gauge. Instruments that measure the liquid level inside a vessel or the temperature and/or pressure in a piping system.Globe valve. Valve designed to allow for the throttling of commodities flowing through a pipe.Grade. The true or predetermined elevation of the ground-supported surface of a piping facility.Grade beam. Structural member used to support grating or other flooring material at ground (grade) level.Gravity flow system. Piping system constructed of sloped pipes that uses gravity as a means of moving the commodity inside.Grout. A concrete mixture poured on the tops of equip-ment foundations to provided final leveling.Guide. Type of pipe support that permits longitudinal but not lateral movement.HHand rail. Protective railing around platforms. Typically 3Ј-0Љ tall.Hanger. Pipe support used on horizontal pipes that will suspend the pipe from a stationary object from above.Head. The end enclosure of a vessel.Header. The main run of pipe from which branches are connected.Headroom. Vertical measurement that provides overhead clearances.Heater. Piping equipment that uses a combustible mate-rial to increase the temperature of a commodity.Heat exchanger. Piping equipment used to transfer heat from one fluid source to another without the two fluids mixing together.Hydrocarbon. Any solid, liquid, or gaseous compound whose molecular structure is made exclusively of hydrogen and carbon molecules.IImpeller. Rotating device in a pump that forces the incoming commodity to be expelled at a greater pressure.Indicator. A device used to indicate the liquid level, tem-perature, pressure or flow rate inside a piping system.Instrument. One of many monitoring devices that can sense, measure, transmit, or control.Instrument air. Piping system containing clean air used to operate instrumentation throughout a piping facility.Instrumentation. The use of monitoring instruments to perform duties not permissible by human workers.Insulation. Exterior covering on pipe or equipment that maintains a constant temperature. Also protection for workers from high temperature surfaces.Insulation rings. Continuous circular rings welded to the exterior of a vertical vessel that support a vessel ’s insu-lation. Typically spaced on 12Ј-0Љ centers.KKnockout drum. Piping equipment used to separate gases from liquids.LLadder. Climbing apparatus that allows access to piping components at extreme elevations.Level Alarm. Instrument that detects high or low liquid levels within a vessel and alerts plant operators with an audible or visual signal.L evel gauge (glass). A vertical transparent tube con-nected to the external surface of a vessel that allows visual inspection of internal liquid levels.Level indicating controller. Instrument that indicates the liquid level of a vessel and can control the liquid level by transmitting signals to a control valve.Level recorder. Makes a permanent record of liquid level in a vessel.L evel recording controller. Instrument that records the liquid level of a vessel and can control the liquid level by transmitting signals to a control valve.L ifting lugs. Donut-shaped rings welded to the vessel ’s shell or head that allow the vessel to be raised and positioned during installation.Line. Generic name given to reference a completed pip-ing configuration.t b l w.d oc u -t r a ck .c C i c kowwom304Pipe Drafting and DesignLiquid. The physical state of matter possessing flow characteristics and minimal compressibility.MMalleable iron. Cast iron that has been heat-treated to improve its tensile strength.Mandrel. A long, pointed shaft used to pierce molten steel billets to form seamless pipe.Manhole. Similar to large nozzles that allow workers entry points into a vessel. Generally 18Љ ID.Manhole hinge. A hinge that creates a pivot point allow-ing the blind flange attached to the manhole to be eas-ily removed for worker entrance.Manifold. A main pipeway having numerous branch con-nections.Manway. See manhole.Match line. Lines used to divide the plot plan into small drawing areas.Material takeoff. The gathering of descriptions, quanti-ties, and prices for various components of the piping system, that is, pipe, flanges, fittings, valves, bolts,gaskets, etc.Meter run. A clear run of pipe having a set of orifice flanges that is used to measure flow rate through the pipe.NNaphtha. Colorless flammable by-product of crude petroleum used in the manufacture of gasoline.Nipple. A short length of pipe used to connect screwed or socket-weld fittings to one another.Nozzle. The connecting point of the piping configuration to the vessel or equipment. Nozzles are provided in locations where a commodity is either introduced or removed from a vessel or piece of equipment.Nozzle arrangement. The positioning of nozzles on a piece of piping equipment.Nozzle orientation. Plan drawing depicting the location of nozzles around the perimeter of a vessel using angu-lar measurements from 0°.OOctagon. An eight-sided concrete foundation placed below vertical vessels that distributes the vessel ’s load over a broader area.O-lets.nections for welded, screwed, or socket-weld pipe.Operator. Device used to activate valving.Orifice flange. Flange with a hole drilled into the flange face perpendicular to the pipe that permits testing equipment to be inserted.Orifice flange union. Pair of orifice flanges, orifice plate,bolts, nuts, jackscrews, and gaskets. Primary compo-nents of a meter run.Orifice plate. Metal plate with a hole of predetermined size sandwiched between orifice flanges.O.W.S. (Oily water sewer) An underground piping sys-tem used to collect and transfer contaminated dis-charge to a treatment facility.PP&ID. Piping and instrumentation diagram.Pedestal. See foundation.Pipe guide. See guide.Pipe hanger. See hanger.Pipe rack. Structural framework consisting of a series of vertical columns connected with horizontal members.Major thoroughfare for pipes traveling in a process facility.Pipe support. Structural member that carries the weight of a piping configuration.Piping. G eneric term used to describe pipes, fittings,flanges, and valves in a facility.Piping drawing index. Created from the plot plan, the index uses match lines to divide the piping facility into small drawing areas. These areas are assigned drawing numbers and distributed to drafters/designers for creation.Plain end. Any piping component having square ends used for socket-weld connections.Platform. An elevated walkway around a vessel or other piping equipment.Plot plan. A master drawing showing the locations of all buildings, structures, and equipment in a piping facility.Plug. Screwed fitting having external threads that termi-nates a piping configuration.Plug valve. A particular valve having a rectangular shaped hole through a tapered plug. Uses one-quarter turn of a handle to align the hole with the valve port.Pressure alarm. Instrument designed to signal dramatic changes in internal pressure.t b l w.d oc u -t r a ck .c C i c kowwomGlossaryPressure controller. A control valve that regulates inter-nal pressure of a pipe or vessel after receiving a signalfrom a transmitter.Pressure differential recording controller. Controls thepressure differential between two pipes or vessels bymeans of a control valve.Pressure indicator. Dial instrument that indicates inter-nal pressure of a pipe or vessel.Pressure indicating controller. Control valve with anindicating transmitter that controls internal pressure ona pipe or vessel.Pressure recorder. A recording instrument that makes apermanent record of internal pressures within a pipe orvessel.Pressure recording controller. Instrument similiar to apressure recorder and having the capability to transmita signal to a control valve.Pressure safety valve. An automatic pressure-relievingdevice actuated by excessive internal pressure of a pipeor vessel.Process equipment. Piping equipment having the capa-bility to alter the chemical makeup of the commodity itcontains.Pump. Mechanical device used to move fluids underpressure from one location to another.Purge. The act of removing foreign matter from the inter-nal surfaces of a pipe or vessel.RRaised face. Type of flange facing used with flat ringraised face.Rebar. Short form of reinforcing bar. A metal rod used inthe reinforcement of concrete.Reciprocating pump. Piping equipment with parts simi-lar to a piston or plunger that moves back and forth tocreate pressure.Recorder. A device used to record the liquid level, tem-perature, pressure or flow rate inside a vessel or pipingsystem throughout a specified period of time.Reducer. A pipe fitting with one end larger than the otherthat allows reductions in the diameter of a run of pipe.Refinery. Process facility that breaks crude petroleumdown into usable byproducts such as butane, propane,fuel oil, and lubricants.Reflux. A liquid product returned to a fractionation col-umn that aids in the fractionation process.Reinforcing pad.sel shell. It is positioned around nozzles to provideadditional strength in the areas where metal wasremoved from the shell.Restriction orifice. Standard orifice union assemblyincluding spectacle blind used to create smooth flow.Ring-type joint. Flange face that uses a steel ring ratherRoot gap. space between two butt-weld fittingsRotary pump. Displacement-type pump using pistons,gears, or screws to discharge a commodity.Run. Generic name for any length of pipe.Rung. Horizontal member of a ladder.SSaddle. U-shaped structural support welded to horizontalvessels and exchangers. Saddles are bolted to concretefoundations and create a craddle-like support in whichthe vessel can rest.Schedule. Wall thickness of pipe.Seal pan. Installed below the bottom tray in a vessel toprevent liquids from bypassing the trays.Seamless. Pipe manufactured without any resultingwelded connection.Shape roller. Mechanical apparatus that sizes and shapesrolled plate to form pipe.Shell. The cylindrical walls of a vessel.Shell and tube. Type of heat exchanger having tube bun-dles contained within an outer vessel shell.Shoe. Structural member welded to the bottom side of apipe having insulation. Designed to prevent the insula-tion from being crushed when the pipe rests on a steelsupport.Skelp. Plate that has been rolled and shaped into the formof a pipe.Skirt. A cylinder-shaped support for a vertical vessel.One end is welded to the base plate allowing it to reston the foundation, and the other end is welded to thebottom head of a vertical vessel.Skirt access opening. An 18Љ ID hole 2Ј-16Љ above thefoundation that allows workers entrance for inspectionand maintainence.Skirt fireproofing. Brick or granite material applied tothe interior and occasionally exterior surfaces of a ves-sel skirt to prevent damage in the event of a fire.Skirt vents. Equally spaced holes approximately 3Љ to 4Љin diameter bored near the top of the vessel skirt thatallow toxic and explosive gases to escape.tblw.d o cu-t r a ck.cCickoww om。