AP_Physics_B
AP_Physics_B_-_Waves_and_Sound
Sound Waves
The production of sound involves setting up a wave in air. To set up a CONTINUOUS sound you will need to set a standing wave pattern. Three LARGE CLASSES of instruments Stringed - standing wave is set up in a tightly stretched string Percussion - standing wave is produced by the vibration of solid objects Wind - standing wave is set up in a column of air that is either OPEN or CLOSED Factors that influence the speed of sound are density of solids or liquid, and TEMPERATURE
Closed Pipes - Harmonics
In a closed pipe you have an ANTINODE at the 3rd harmonic position, therefore SOUND is produced. CONCLUSION: Sounds in CLOSED pipes are produced ONLY at ODD HARMONICS!
Waves and Sound
AP Physics B
What is a wave
A WAVE is a vibration or disturbance in space.
AP_Physics_Syllabus
A P P h y s i c s B–C o u r s e S y l l a b u sA. COURSE OVERVIEWAdvance Placement Physics B, the third course in the accelerated science program, is designed for the student who has advanced skills in math and science and intends to pursue a post-secondary education in the fields of Science, Pre-Medical, Engineering or Mathematics. This is a first-year course in physics. Topics covered include mechanics, electricity and magnetism, sound and light. The student should be concurrently enrolled in Honors Precalculus and have the approval of the Science department. Evaluation is based upon homework, tests, quizzes, laboratory work, midyear and final exams.B. METHOD OF INSTRUCTIONClass meetings will generally take three common forms, lab/activity, interactive lecture discussions, or problem solving/review. The design as such will allow students to experience and engage the subject conceptually, actively, and analytically. Individual classes may contain multiple elements of these models to suit the topic. Classes meet each weekday for 47 minutes. Every fourth day will be a double length period allowing for longer labs/activities.Lab activities will be of two varieties: investigation or application. Investigation labs and activities will allow students to do just that – investigate a physical phenomenon, and draw conclusions from their measurements and observations. Investigation labs or activities may take place before any reading, or formal in-class discussion on the topic has begun in order to allow students to explore the subject and discover the principles via their own inquiry and collaborative group effort. Much of the course content will be initially discovered using this “workshop physics” approach.Application labs and activities will provide students the opportunity to conduct experiments that involve the concepts they are studying as well as apply understanding of physics to solve practical problems. These labs will frequently be open-ended or contain an open-ended component challenging students to solve a problem by utilizing both their understanding of the topic as well as their critical thinking skills. Individual labs may contain both application and investigation elements. Nearly all units will involve some hands-on lab component. Some activites will consist of a self-contained packet, while others will require the student take their own notes and write their own procedure, observations, data, conclusions etc. There will be at least one formal lab report per quarter. All lab materials are to be kept in a notebook for reference.Interactive lecture discussions will contain elements of a traditional lecture, where concepts are formally presented to students and problem solving is modeled. However, these sessions should also lead to a conversation between students and instructor where the observations from investigations are considered and generalized as well as considering students experience of the concepts from their lives and their interests. Classes will often begin with a starter exercise, which may be a problem or a demonstration of a discrepant event may be presented, and students will be asked to come up with a written explanation. Problem solving and review sessions may involve problems solving strategy and concepts to be reviewed by the class as a whole, or smaller group workshop sessions enabling peer interactive learning, facilitated by the instructor.C. COURSE OBJECTIVES1. To utilize real-world experience to understand physical phenomena2. To utilize controlled laboratory experience to understand physical phenomena3. To gain an understanding of the workings of our physical world and be able to express that understanding interms of:a) written/spoken languageb) graphical diagramsc) mathematical analysis4. To develop observational problem solving and critical thinking skills that will benefit you for any vocationD. TEXTBOOKS AND SOFTWAREPrimary Textbook: James S. Walker, Physics, AP* Edition, 3rd ed., Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River New Jersey, 2007.Secondary Textbook: Douglas C. Giancoli, Physics – Principles with Applications 5th ed., Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River New Jersey, 1998.Data Collection/Analysis Software: Logger Pro, Vernier SoftwareE. COURSE CONTENT AREAS0. The Study of Physics — Chapter 1A. Scientific Method and PhilosophyB. Measurement and MathematicsI. Newtonian mechanicsA. Kinematics1. Motion in one dimension — Chapter 22. Uses of Vectors — Chapter 33. Motion in two dimensions — Chapter 4B. Newton’s laws of motion — Chapters 5 & 61. Static equilibrium (1st law)2. Dynamics of a single particle (2nd law)3. Systems of two or more bodies (3rd law)4. Uniform Circular MotionC. Work, energy and power — Chapters 7 & 81. Work and the work-energy theorem2. Power3. Conservative forces and potential energy4. Conservation of energyD. Systems of particles, linear momentum — Chapter 91. Impulse and momentum2. Conservation of linear momentum, collisions3. Center of MassF. Circular Motion and Rotation — Chapters 10 & 111. Angular position, velocity, and acceleration2. Torque and rotational statics3. Rotational kinematics and dynamics4. Angular momentumE. Gravitation — Chapter 121. Newton’s law of gravity2. Orbits of planets and satellitesa. Circularb. GeneralII. Oscillations, Waves and SoundA. Oscillations about equilibrium — Chapter 133. Simple harmonic motion (dynamics and energy relationships)4. Mass on a spring5. Pendulum and other oscillationsB. Wave motion — Chapter 141. Traveling Waves2. Wave Propagation3. Standing Waves4. SuperpositionIII. Fluid Mechanics and Thermal PhysicsA. Fluid Mechanics — Chapter 151. Hydrostatic pressure2. Buoyancy3. Fluid flow continuity4. Bernoulli’s equationB. Temperature and heat — Chapter 161. Mechanical equivalent of heat2. Heat transfer and thermal expansionC. Kinetic Theory and Thermodynamics1. Ideal gases — Chapter 17a. Kinetic modelb. Ideal gas law2. Laws of thermodynamics — Chapter 18a. First law (PV diagrams)b. Second Law (heat engines)c. Third Law (entropy)IV. Electricity and MagnetismA. Electrostatics — Chapter 191. Charge and Coloumb’s Law2. Electric field and electric potential (including point charges)3. Gauss’s Law4. Fields and potentials for charge distributionsB. Conductors and capacitors — Chapter 201. Electrostatics with conductors2. Capacitorsa. Capacitanceb. Parallel platec. Spherical and cylindrical3. DielectricsC. Electric circuits — Chapter 211. Current, resistance, power2. Steady-state direct current circuits with batteries and resistors only3. Capacitors in circuitsa. Steady Stateb. Transients in RC circuitsD. Magnetic Fields — Chapter 221. Forces on moving charges in magnetic fields2. Forces on current carrying wires in magnetic fields3. Fields of long current carrying wires4. Biot-Savart law and Ampere’s LawE. Electromagnetism — Chapter 231. Electromagnetic induction (including Faraday’s law and Lenz’s law)2. Inductance (including LR and LC circuits)3. Maxwell’s equationsV. Electromagnetic Waves and OpticsA. Physical Optics — Chapters 25 & 281. Interference and Diffraction2. Dispersion of Light and the electromagnetic spectrumB. Geometric optics — Chapters 26 & 271. Reflection and refraction2. Mirrors3. LensesVI. Atomic and Nuclear PhysicsA. Atomic physics and quantum effects — Chapter 301. Photons and the photoelectric effect2. Atomic energy levels3. Wave particle dualityB. Nuclear physics — Chapters 31, 32, and 291. Nuclear reactions (including conservation of mass number and charge)2. Mass-energy equivalenceF. PROPOSED LAB EXPERIMENTSThe following is a list of proposed lab experiments. There may be other investigative activities, demonstrations, and virtual labs in addition to those listed below.# Lab Title Notes Type1 Experimental Accuracy and Precision Introduce good lab practice, the concepts of accuracyand precision in measurement and calculationHands-on2 Galileo’s Experiment Study uniformly accelerated motion on an inclinedplaneHands-on3 One dimensional motion Use a motion detector to observe one dimensionalmotion in terms of position, displacement, velocity and accelerationHands-on4 Acceleration due to Gravity Determine the acceleration due to gravity by examiningposition at set time intervals using a ticker tapeHands-on5 Composition and Resolution ofForcesUse a force table to graphically and analytically addand subtract force vectorsHands-on6 Two dimensional motion Use a bowling ball on a level surface with regularlymarked positions to visualize and measure twodimensional motion / Plot two dimensional motionusing video analysisWholeclasshands-on /virtual7 Bull’s Eye Predict the landing location of a projectile based on measurement and calculationHands-on8 Coefficient of Friction Determine the coefficient of static and kinetic frictionof various objects including a student’s sneakerHands-on9 Atwood’s Machine and Friends Examining Newton’s second law in several dynamicsystems involving changing direction of tension forcesusing pulleys. Friction on the system will also beinvestigatedHands-on10 Work-energy theorem and energyconservationExploring conservation of energy and work on anumber of systems including cart on an inclined plane,human motion and a “popper”Hands-on11 Collisions and Explosions Conservation of momentum in collisions andexplosions in one dimension on a motion track, and intwo dimensions using video analysisHands-on/ virtual12 Torques and Rotational Equilibriumof a Rigid BodyUsing a meter stick with lever knives to determinecenter of gravity, and determine unknown mass / videoanalysis of an irregular object in two dimensionalmotion about center of gravityHands-on/ virtual13 Simple Harmonic Motion – Mass on aSpringDynamics and conservation of energy for a mass on aspring, including damping using a motion detectorHands-on14 Simple Harmonic Motion – Pendulum Conservation of energy, period, variation of mass andlength of a simple pendulum examinedHands-on15 Properties of Sound Examination of the wave properties of various soundsusing a microphone and wave visualization software, determination of the speed of sound using resonancetubesHands-on16 Buoyancy To explore Archimedes’ Principle and the principle ofFlotation and create the lightest boat that can carry themost mass without sinkingHands-on17 Specific Heat of Metals Use of calorimetry to identify unknown metals basedon specific heatHands-on18 Linear Thermal Expansion Determination of the linear coefficient of thermalexpansion for several metals by direct measurement oftheir expansion when heatedHands-on19 The Ideal Gas Law Boyle’s law and Charles’s law investigated using ahomemade apparatus made from a plastic syringeHands-on20 Coloumb’s Law Determination of charge on objects based on indirect measurement on electrostatic forcesHands-on21 Equipotentials and Electric Fields Mapping of equipotentials around charged conducting electrodes, construction of electric field lines,quantitative evaluation of the dependence of theelectric field on distance for a line of chargeHands-on22 Circuit Challenge Construction of series and parallel circuits based onfunctional requirementsHands-on23 Ohm’s Law Exploring the relationship between voltage, current,and resistance for ohmic and non-ohmic materialsHands-on24 RC Circuits Determination of the RC time constant using avoltmeter as circuit resistance, finding an unknown capacitance, finding an unknown resistanceHands-on25 Magnetic Fields Mapping the magnetic field around a permanentmagnetHands-on26 Magnetic Induction of a currentcarrying wireDetermination of the induced emf in a coil as ameasure of the magnetic field from an alternatingcurrent in a long straight wireHands-on27 Interference – Light as a wave Determination of the wavelength of a source of light byusing a double slit, determination of grating spacingbased on a known wavelength of lightHands-on28 Reflection Establish the law of reflection, determine the focallength and radius of curvature of cylindrical mirrorsusing the ray box. Determination of focal length andradius of curvature of spherical mirrors using imageheight and object distanceHands-on29 Snell’s Law Determination of the index of refraction of a Luciteblock and gelatin. Discovery of phenomenon of totalinternal reflection as an extension of Snell’s LawHands-on30 Bohr Theory of Hydrogen Comparison of the measured values of the wavelengthsof hydrogen spectrum with Bohr theory to determinethe Rydberg constantHands-on31 Radioactive Decay and Half - life Simulation of radioactive decay using dice as ananalog, Geiger counter measurement of the half-life of137BaHands-on。
AP物理1和AP物理2考试必备知识点
2014年5月，AP物理B考试完成了它的使命，就此退出历史舞台。
2015年，这门考试将被两门全新的考试所取代，分别为AP物理1和AP物理2。
虽然作为最后一次AP物理B考试，2014年5月的这次考题仍能给我们带来很多启发，并对之后的新考试、新题型给出非常重要的参考。
首先，本次考试的解答题部分题目数量较之前有所改变，在之前历年的考试中，AP物理B的考试一般包括6道大题，需要学生在90分钟的时间内完成，而在2014年的考试中，较少见的出了7道大题，时间仍是90分钟，这意味着两件事：1.每道题目内的小问数减少，同时题目的难度降低了；2.在解答题中考察的知识点范围更宽泛了。
在2015年即将到来的两门新考试中，在解答题的考察上会有比较明显的改变，我们来比较一下三门考试的解答题部分的异同：AP物理B：解答题共6道大题，时间90分钟，分值占50%。
对各道解答题的考试形式没有明确说明。
AP物理1：解答题共5道大题，时间90分钟，分值占50%。
明确将考察一道实验设计题，一道计算题，三道短问答题（其中一道需要学生进行辩证分析和叙述）。
AP物理2：解答题共4道大题，时间90分钟，分值占50%。
明确将考察一道实验设计题，一道计算题，两道短问答题（其中一道需要学生进行辩证分析和叙述）。
通过比较，我们可以发现，在2015年的两门新考试中，解答题部分的题目数减少了，对学生的辩证分析能力和叙述能力的要求进一步提高，解答题部分也将不再局限于对学生计算能力的考察，更将考察学生的文字叙述和书面表达能力。
其次，在考察内容上，本次考试7道大题分别考察了：单摆，流体力学，热学，静电力学，电磁感应，光电效应，光的折射这几大知识点，同时这些内容也是历年AP物理B考察的核心知识点，在每次考试中都是重点考察的对象，那么在2015年的新考试中，重点考察的内容会有什么变化呢？我们来比较一下三门考试的重点考察知识点：AP物理B：牛顿力学，流体力学，热学，电磁学，波动学和光学，现代物理。
AP 物理 B
Chinese Name:..................... English Name:................. Number:........ Score:................一、MULTIPLE CHOICE Directions: For each of the questions below there are five choices . In each case select the best answer and fill in the answer on the answer sheet . You may not use a calculator for this part. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 1、A projectile is launched horizontally with a velocity of25 m/s from the top of a 75 m height. How many seconds willthe projectile take to reach the bottom ?（A ）3.91 （B ）4.27 （C ）6.31 （D ）9.75 （E ）15.52、At a lauch angle of 45°，the range of a launched projectileis given by2(A)i v g 2(B)i v g2(C)2i v g 22(D)i v g 2(E)i v g3、In the situation shown above ,what is the tension in string 1 ?（A ）155N （B ）147.6N （C ）138.6N（D ）98N （E ）69.3N4、Two masses ,M and m , are hung over a massless , frictionless pulleyas shown below . If M > m, what is the downward acceleration of massM ?（A ）Mmg （B ）Mmg M m + （C ）Mg m （D ）()M m g M m-+ （E ）g5、A car and driver have a combined mass of 1000 kg . The car passesover the top of a hill that has a radius of curvature equal to 10m . The speed of the car at that instant is 5m/s . What is the forceof the hill on the car as it passes over the top ?（A ）0 N （B ）12300 N , down （C ）12300 N, up（D ）7300 N , down （E ）7300 N , up6、A pendulum consisting of a mass m attached to a light string oflength Question 3 Question 4 Question 5l is displaced from its rest position , making an angle θ with the vertical . It is then released and allowed to swing freely . Which of the followint expressions represents the velocity of the mass when it reaches its lowest positions ?（A（B（C（D（E7、As the time needed to run up a flight of stairs decreases , the amount of work done against gravity（A ）decreases and then increases （B ）increases and then decreases（C ）remains the same （D ）decreases （E ）increases8、Which of the following expressions ,where p represents the linear momentum of the particle , is equivalent to the kinetic energy of amoving particle ?（A ）2/2p m （B ）/2p m （C ）2/p m（D ）2/2m p （E ）2mp9、A ball with a mass of 0.15kg has a velocity of 5 m/s .It strikes a wall perpendicularly and bounces offstraight back with a velocity of 3 m/s . The wall underwent a changer in momentum equal to（A ）7.5kg .m/s （B ）5kg .m/ s （C ）0.15kg .m/s（D ）1.20kg .m/s （E ）0.30kg .m/ s10、 Two equal masses travel towards each other on a frictionless air track at speedsof 60 cm s –1 and 30 cm s –1. They stick together on impact. What is the speed of the masses after impact?（A ）45 cm s –1 （B ）30 cm s –1 （C ）20cm s –1（D ）15 cm s –1 （E ）10 cm s –111、Two similar spheres, each of mass m and travelling with speed v , are moving towards each other. The spheres have a head-onelastic collision. Which statement is correct?（A ）The kinetic energy of system is not conserved .（B ）The total momentum before impact is 2mv .（C ）The total kinetic energy before impact is zero.（D ）The total kinetic energy after impact is mv 2Question 9 Question 11（E ）The spheres stick together on impact.12、An L-shaped rigid lever arm is pivoted atpoint P. Three forces act on the lever arm, asshown in the diagram. What is the magnitude ofthe resultant torque of these forces aboutpoint P?（A ）30N m （B ）35N m （C ）40N m（D ）50 N m （E ）90 N m13、What is the value of g at a height above Earth’s surface that is a equal to the radiusof Earth ?（A ）1.6N/kg （B ）2.45N/kg （C ）6.93N/kg（D ）4.9N/kg （E ）9.8N/kg14、What is the robital velocity of a satellite at a heightof 300km above the surface of Earth ?(The mass of Earthis approximately 6 ×1024 kg, and its radius is 6.4 × 106m .)（A ）3×108 m （B ）6×106 m （C ）7.7×103 m（D ）1.15×106 m （E ）5.42×101 m15、Bernoulli’s equation is based on which law of physics ?（A ）conservation of energy（B ）Newton’s first law of gravity（C ）Newton’s first law of motion（D ）conservation of angular momentum（E ）conservation of linear momentum16、An insulated metal sphere A is charged to a value + Q elementary charges . It is then touched and separated from an identical but neutral insulated metal sphereB .This second sphere is then touched to a third identical and neutral insulated metal sphereC . Finally ,spheres A and C are touched and then separated . Which of the following represents the distribution of charge on eachsphere ,respectively ,after the above process has been completed ?（A ）Q /3 , Q /3, Q /3 （B ）3Q /8 , Q /2 , Q /4 （C ）3Q /8 , Q /4 , 3Q /8（D ）Q /4 , Q /2 , Q /4 （E ）None of these is correct17、A parallel-plate capacitance of C . If the area of the plate is doubled , while the separation between the plates is halved , the new capacitance will be（A ）C/4 F （B ）C F （C ）C/2 F （D ）4C F （E ）2C F18、If 10J of work is required to move 2C of charge in a uniform electric field , the potential difference present is equal toQuestion 12 Question 14（A）10V （B）5V （C）8V（D）12V （E）20V19、How many electrons are moving through a current of 2 A for 2s ?（A）1（B）2.5×1019 （C）4（D）6.28×1018 （E）3.2×10-1920、What is the equivalent capacitance of thecircuit shown below ?（A）15 F （B）10 F （C）5 F（D）8 F （E）2 FQuestion 20（注：专业文档是经验性极强的领域，无法思考和涵盖全面，素材和资料部分来自网络，供参考。
AP_Physics_-_Circular_Motion
T
mg
d 2r T T
We call this velocity, TANGENTIAL velocity as its direction is draw TANGENT to the circle.
Centripetal Acceleration
Suppose we had a circle with angle, , between 2 radaii. You may recall:
s r s arc lengt h in met ers
v
v v vo
s v r v s vt vt v r v
v 2 v ac r t ac centripeta l accelerati on
vo
Centripetal means “center seeking” so that means that the acceleration points towards the CENTER of the circle
2r vc T
2 (.76) vc 4.26 m / s (.28* 4)
v 2 (4.26) 2 ac 23.92 m / s 2 r 0.76
Examples
Top view
What is the minimum coefficient of static friction necessary to allow a penny to rotate along a 33 1/3 rpm record (diameter= 0.300 m), when the penny is placed at the outer edge of the record?
AP PHYSICS B
与串联，算出等效电容
25
洛伦兹力、电流线在磁场中的受力、无限长直流导线 I 的磁场
4
磁通量、法拉第电磁感应定律、楞次定律
5
行波、波的传播描述、驻波、波的叠加原理
5
光的反射和折射、反射凸面镜和凹面镜、凸透镜和凹透镜
5
15
光的双缝干涉和衍射、光的色散和电磁光谱
5
光子、原子的能级概念、量子的波粒二象性
7
10
三级
一维运动、二维运动（相对运动、抛体运功、匀速圆周运动） 牛顿第一定律、牛顿第二定律、牛顿第三定律 外力做功与动能变化的关系、保守力与势能、机械能守恒定律、功率 冲量、动量定理、动量守恒定律、碰撞 角量描述、力矩和平衡 简谐振动、弹簧振子、单摆和其他物体的振动、牛顿万有引力定律、卫星和行星的轨道方程、圆形轨道 流体的静压强、浮力，阿基米德定律、液体的不可压缩性、连续性方程、伯努利方程
一级
牛顿力学 流体力学和
热力学
电磁学 波动力学和
光学 原子和核物理
二级
运动学 牛顿运动定律 功、能和功率 多物体系统和动量 圆周问题和转动 振动和引力场问题 流体力学 热力学 温度和热的概念
静电学 导体，电容和绝缘体 电路
磁场 电磁场 声学 物理光学 几何光学 原子物理和量子效应 核物理
AP Physics B
权重 权
重
7
9
5
4
35
4
6
6
分子每个自由度的平均动能、热传导和热膨胀
2
理想气体的概念、理想气体的动力学模型、理想气体的状态方程、热力学基本定律（热力学第一定律、热力学第二定律） 7
15
电荷、电场、库仑力、安培力
5
高中物理竞赛的知识与分类
高中物理竞赛的知识与分类物理竞赛需要哪些知识?物理竞赛力学部分需要哪些数学?首先，为了理解力学一开始的匀加速直线运动和变加速直线运动，对于一元函数的简单微积分是必不可少的，当然主要集中在多项式函数的求导和积分上，实际操作起来十分容易。
此后，当运动范围被拓展到二维，运动形式成为曲线时，矢量代数、解析几何、参数方程、斜率、曲率半径等数学概念被融入到物理模型中，用来理解抛体、圆周、一般曲线运动。
这时微积分的应用也被拓展到更为复杂的函数范围，例如三角函数。
随着运动和力的关系——牛顿第二定律的引入，我们逐渐意识到光理解运动是不够的，运动背后的机理——力的作用，以及力的效果，才是我们要研究的。
动量定理、动能定理的引入，实际上反映了力在时空的积累效果，而牛顿方程本身，也是物理学家特别喜欢的形式——微分方程。
对于矢量和微积分更综合的运用体现在一种伴随物理学发展史的特殊运动形式——简谐振动当中。
而振动在介质当中的扩散效应——波动，又引出了波动方程、波函数这一时空函数的概念。
总结下来，力学部分所需要的数学是一元函数的微积分、矢量代数、解析几何、常微分方程、对二元函数的运用。
物理竞赛热学部分需要哪些数学?虽然高中热学部分涉及气体定律和热力学第一定律的内容比较容易，一般不需要微积分，但如果深入学习，热力学过程、各种态函数(内能、熵)、热力学第二定律，那么由于热力学体系变量多，适当的偏微分基础知识是必要的。
热力学是宏观的理论，而其背后有着分子动理论作为基础，它们之间的联系是通过对大量粒子系统的统计来实现的，因此，概率统计的知识就显得十分必要了。
总结下来，热学部分所需要的数学是简单的偏微分和概率统计。
物理竞赛电磁学部分需要哪些数学?依照往年的经验，电磁学是最容易让高考学生放弃物理、竞赛学生放弃物理竞赛的困难内容。
原因是因为数学不到位，非但理解不了场的概念，而且容易产生记忆模型和公式，套例题做习题的固有思维模式，最终对于电磁学可谓是“一点没学会”!从静电场开始，如果仅仅按高中的要求来学习，对于场的理解是空洞的，仅仅是唯像的概念，对于电场线、电势、静电平衡、介质极化等概念无法做到深入掌握，那就更别提解答赛题了。
2002 AP Physics B FRQ
$3 Physics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he following conventions are used in this examination.I. Unless otherwise stated, the frame of reference of any problem is assumed to be inertial.II. The direction of any electric current is the direction of flow of positive charge (conventional current).III. For any isolated electric charge, the electric potential is defined as zero at an infinite distance from the charge.IV. For mechanics and thermodynamics equations, W represents the work done on a system.ADVANCED PLACEMENT PHYSICS B EQUATIONS FOR 2002PHYSICS BSECTION IITime—90 minutes7 QuestionsDirections: Answer all seven questions, which are weighted according to the points indicated. The suggested time is about 15 minutes for answering each of questions 1-4, and about 10 minutes for answering each of questions 5-7. The parts within a question may not have equal weight. Show all your work in the pink booklet in the spaces provided after each part, NOT in this green insert.1. (15 points)A model rocket of mass 0.250 kg is launched vertically with an engine that is ignited at time t = 0, as shownabove. The engine provides an impulse of 20.0 N s by firing for 2.0 s. Upon reaching its maximum height, the rocket deploys a parachute, and then descends vertically to the ground.(a) On the figures below, draw and label a free-body diagram for the rocket during each of the followingintervals.i. While the engine ii. After the engine stops, iii. After the parachute isis firing but before the parachute deployedis deployed(b) Determine the magnitude of the average acceleration of the rocket during the 2 s firing of the engine.(c) What maximum height will the rocket reach?(d) At what time after t = 0 will the maximum height be reached?2. (15 points)A 3.0 kg object subject to a restoring force F is undergoing simple harmonic motion with a small amplitude.The potential energy U of the object as a function of distance x from its equilibrium position is shown above.This particular object has a total energy E of 0.4 J.(a) What is the object’s potential energy when its displacement is +4 cm from its equilibrium position?(b) What is the farthest the object moves along the x-axis in the positive direction? Explain your reasoning.(c) Determine the object’s kinetic energy when its displacement is –7 cm.(d) What is the object’s speed at x= 0 ?(e) Suppose the object undergoes this motion because it is the bob of a simple pendulum as shown above. If theobject breaks loose from the string at the instant the pendulum reaches its lowest point and hits the ground at point P shown, what is the horizontal distance d that it travels?Two lightbulbs, one rated 30 W at 120 V and another rated 40 W at 120 V, are arranged in two different circuits.(a) The two bulbs are first connected in parallel to a 120 V source.i. Determine the resistance of the bulb rated 30 W and the current in it when it is connectedin this circuit.ii. Determine the resistance of the bulb rated 40 W and the current in it when it is connected in this circuit.(b) The bulbs are now connected in series with each other and a 120 V source.i. Determine the resistance of the bulb rated 30 W and the current in it when it is connected inthis circuit.ii. Determine the resistance of the bulb rated 40 W and the current in it when it is connected in this circuit.(c) In the spaces below, number the bulbs in each situation described, in order of their brightness.(1 = brightest, 4 = dimmest)____30 W bulb in the parallel circuit____40 W bulb in the parallel circuit____30 W bulb in the series circuit____40 W bulb in the series circuit(d) Calculate the total power dissipated by the two bulbs in each of the following cases.i. The parallel circuitii. The series circuitA thin converging lens of focal length 10 cm is used as a simple magnifier to examine an object A that is held6 cm from the lens.(a) On the figure below, draw a ray diagram showing the position and size of the image formed.(b) State whether the image is real or virtual. Explain your reasoning.(c) Calculate the distance of the image from the center of the lens.(d) Calculate the ratio of the image size to the object size.(e) The object A is now moved to the right from x = 6 cm to a position of x = 20 cm, as shown above. Describethe image position, size, and orientation when the object is at x = 20 cm.5. (10 points)A proton of mass m p and charge e is in a box that contains an electric field E,and the box is located in Earth’smagnetic field B Earth. The proton moves with an initial velocity v vertically upward from the surfaceof Earth. Assume gravity is negligible.(a) On the diagram above, indicate the direction of the electric field inside the box so that there is no change inthe trajectory of the proton while it moves upward in the box. Explain your reasoning.(b) Determine the speed of the proton while in the box if it continues to move vertically upward. Express youranswer in terms of the fields and the given quantities.The proton now exits the box through the opening at the top.(c) On the figure on the previous page, sketch the path of the proton after it leaves the box.(d) Determine the magnitude of the acceleration a of the proton just after it leaves the box, in terms of the givenquantities and fundamental constants.6. (10 points)In the laboratory, you are given a cylindrical beaker containing a fluid and you are asked to determine the density r of the fluid. You are to use a spring of negligible mass and unknown spring constant k attached to a stand. An irregularly shaped object of known mass m and density D(D>> r) hangs from the spring. You may also choose from among the following items to complete the task.•A metric ruler•A stopwatch•String(a) Explain how you could experimentally determine the spring constant k.(b) The spring-object system is now arranged so that the object (but none of the spring) is immersed in theunknown fluid, as shown above. Describe any changes that are observed in the spring-object system andexplain why they occur.(c) Explain how you could experimentally determine the density of the fluid.(d) Show explicitly, using equations, how you will use your measurements to calculate the fluid density r. Startby identifying any symbols you use in your equations.Symbol Physical quantity2002 AP ® PHYSICS B FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONSCopyright © 2002 by College Entrance Examination Board. All rights reserved.Advanced Placement Program and AP are registered trademarks of the College Entrance Examination Board.117. (10 points)A photon of wavelength 201011.×− m strikes a free electron of mass m e that is initially at rest, as shown above left. After the collision, the photon is shifted in wavelength by an amount D l =2h m c e , and reversed in direction, as shown above right.(a) Determine the energy in joules of the incident photon.(b) Determine the magnitude of the momentum of the incident photon.(c) Indicate below whether the photon wavelength is increased or decreased by the interaction.____Increased ____DecreasedExplain your reasoning. (d) Determine the magnitude of the momentum acquired by the electron.END OF EXAMINATION。
AP考试科目详细分析
AP考试科目详细分析据360教育集团介绍：AP考试科目详细介绍!在高中阶段开设的、达到大学学术标准与学业水平的课程，供高中生选修的课程：AP课程。
据360教育集团介绍，课程的成绩已成为学生是否具备优秀学习能力是否能够挑战自我的重要考核内容，是美国大学考核学生才智、专长和学习能力的一个重要依据，是展示学生自我核心竞争力的重要方面。
那么AP考试科目有哪些呢?学科领域 AP考试科目：艺术(Art)：艺术史Art History 美术：绘画Studio Art: Drawing 美术：2-D设计Studio Art:2-D Design美术：3-D设计Studio Art:3-D Design微积分：(Calculus)微积分ABCalculus AB 微积分BCCalculus BC计算机科学(Computer Science)：计算机科学AComputer Science A 计算机科学ABComputer Science AB经济学 (Economics)：宏观经济学Macroeconomics 微观经济学Microeconomics英语 (English)：英语与写作English Language and Composition 英文文学与写作English Literature and Composition法语 (French)：法语French Language 法文文学French Literature政府与政治(Government & Politics)：政府与政治比较Comparative Government & Politics) 美国政府与政治U.S. Government & Politics历史(History)：欧洲历史European history 美国历史U.S. History 世界历史World History物理(Physics)：物理BPhysics B 物理C:电与磁Physics C: Electricity and Magnetism 物理C：机械力学Physics C: Mechanics拉丁文学(Latin)：拉丁文学Latin Literature 拉丁文学：弗吉尔Latin: Vergil生物(Biology)：生物(Biology)化学(Chemistry)：化学(Chemistry)汉语：汉语与中国文化Chinese Language and Culture环境科学(Environment Science) ：环境科学(Environment Science)德语(German Language)：德语(German Language)人文地理 (Human Geography)：人文地理 (Human Geography)意大利语(Italian)：意大利语言与文学Italian Language and Culture日语：日语与日本文化Japanese Language and Culture音乐(Music)：音乐理论Music Theory心理学(Psychology)：心理学Psychology俄语：俄语与俄罗斯文化Russian Language and Culture西班牙语(Spanish)：西班牙语Spanish Language 西班牙文学Spanish Literature 统计学(Statistic)：统计学Statistics。
AP物理B和C的区别最全解读
AP物理B和C的区别最全解读今天小编要给大家谈到的话题就是AP物理B和C的区别。
AP物理考试分为AP物理B和C两个版本，对于这两个版本的区别小编在接下来的文章中会给大家进行详细的讲解，希望对小伙伴们有帮助。
AP物理B和C的区别在于，物理B涵盖部分较广，但难度一般。
物理C 涵盖的内容较少，但题目难度很大，而且涉及到微积分知识。
在这种情况下，有些考生感到奇怪。
事实上，AP物理C考试是由两个独立部分组成，一部分是力学，另一部分是电学和磁学(即电磁学)。
你可以只参加力学部分的考试，或者只参加电磁学部分的考试，抑或是两者都参加。
当然，力学和电磁学的考试分数也会分开进行记录与统计。
AP 物理B的难度和要求相当于中国的高中物理，相信同学们上过AP课程之后，应该能比较轻松地解决它，通过对AP物理B和C的区别介绍，同学们很可能喜欢选择AP物理B的考试，它由两部分组成，多项选择题与自选题。
多项选择题有5个可能选项，但是只有一个是正确的，同学们所需要做的是选出那个正确的答案。
选择正确得一分，选错扣0.25分。
一共有70道多项选择题，90分钟内做完。
参加考试的同学在此部分不准许用计算器。
自选题由六道多层次问题组成，要求同学们独立写出答案。
答题时间90分钟，也就是说，平均分配给每道题的时间只有15分钟。
与电脑评分的多项选择题不同，自选题是由高中或者大学的老师按照评分标准进行评判的。
你的每一步骤都会得到相应的分数，所以同学们并不一定要把每一部分都答对。
在这一部分，准许使用计算器(能编程的或者制图表的都可以，但打字机式、带键盘的计算器除外)。
在这一部分中，还会提供给同学们一个公式表。
多项选择题和自选题的比重相同，各占总分的50%。
AP物理部分的分数为5分制，5为最高、1为最低。
每个分数段的描述如下：AP考试分数描述5非常合格4比较合格3一般合格2接近合格1没有建议AP物理,AP物理B和C,AP物理B和C的区别三立在线课程培训优势班级种类：（预约试听和科学选班请详询老师）一对一在线授课班，其优势：一对一是指听说读写都由不同的老师教授，而不是由一位老师负责学生的全部课程。
AP各科考试教材推荐
AP各科考试教材推荐本文整理了AP各科考试教材推荐，包括AP考试常见问题15问，帮助大家快速了解AP考试，请看详细内容介绍。
1、问：什么是AP考试?答：AP是Advanced Placement的缩写，即大学预修课程。
2、问：参加AP考试有什么作用?答：AP成绩不但可以抵扣成功申请美国大学的同学入学后相应课程的学分，而且AP成绩也成为美国各大学录取学生的重要依据。
美国，是大部分留学生的首选之地，留学美国，首先要了解美国大学的教学制度，美国大学毕业成绩采用的是学分制，每一学分都要交取一定的费用，只有达到了一定的学分，才可以顺利毕业。
如果在去往美国留学之前，可以再国内赚取美国大学的学分，这样便可节省时间与费用，目前国内学习可以获得美国大学学分的办法有两个，其中一种方法便是通过AP课程考试或得学分，那么AP考试的好处在哪里呢?据悉，AP(美国大学预修课程考试)课程考试覆盖全球想去往美国留学的高中生，国内计划考取AP的学生要到西南财经大学美国留学预备学院，参加两周的考试。
此考试是由美国大学理事会主持的，属于高中生具有大学水平的课程，其目的是让全球最优秀的高中学生提前考取美国大学课程。
当然，人们最想知道的还是通过AP考试的好处都有哪些，AP考试的成绩是美国各所院校录取学生的重要参考之一，其次，AP考试的成绩也可以抵扣学生入学后的基础课程的学分。
家长及学生正是因为知道了AP课程的好处，近年来参加报名考试的人日益增多。
3、问：AP考试如何报名?答：报名网站：AP考试于每年3月前报名，5月考试6月底之前考生就可以收到成绩单。
(PS：一般北京的考场费用在600~700元/门，香港的考场费用为1000~1500港币/门。
)4、问：每年什么时候考AP?考试地点有哪些?成绩怎么算?答：AP考试全球统一在每年五月份的前二周的工作日进行。
AP考试成绩为5分制，满分5分的意义是极为优秀，4分为优秀，3分相当于合格。
每门课的考试时间约2-3个小时。
AP_Physics_B_-_Quantum_Mechanics (1)
Then we have Max Planck who allowed Einstein to build his photoelectric effect idea around the concept that light is composed of PARTICLES called quanta.
The Photoelectric Effect
"When light strikes a material, electrons are emitted. The radiant energy supplies the work necessary to free the electrons from the surface."
“Newton, forgive me..”, Albert Einstein
At the atomic scale Newtonian Mechanics cannot seem to describe the motion of particles. An electron trajectory between two points for example IS NOT a perfect parabolic trajectory as Newton's Laws predicts. Where Newton's Laws end Quantum Mechanics takes over.....IN A BIG WAY! One of the most popular concepts concerning Quantum Mechanics is called , “The Photoelectric Effect”. In 1905, Albert Einstein published this theory for which he won the Nobel Prize in 1921.
AP物理考试
物理1
物理1课程和考试描述说明 代数为基础的物理，适合非物理专业的学习，通识物理 考试时间——180分钟 第I卷（权重50%）：选择题，计算器可以使用 45个单选题（四选一），5个双选题（四选二，只有全部选对才可以得分，漏选和选错都不得分） 总计90分钟，50题 第II卷（权重50%）：解答题，计算器可以使用 90分钟，5问
1 -不予推荐 2 -可能通过 3 -通过 4 -良好 5 -优秀
物理B（现在已被物理1和2所取 代）
代数为基础的物理，适合非物理专业的学习，通识物理 考试时间——180分钟 第I卷（权重50%）：选择题（五选一），计算器不可以使用 90分钟，70问 第II卷（权重50%）：解答题，计算器可以使用 90分钟，6-7题问
物理2
物理2课程和考试描述说明代数为基础的物理，适合非物理专业的学习，通识物理 考试时间——180分钟 第I卷（权重50%）：选择题，计算器可以使用 45个单选题（四选一），5个双选题（四选二，只有全部选对才可以得分，漏选和选错都不得分） 总计90分钟，50题 第II卷（权重50%）：解答题，计算器可以使用 90分钟，4问
AP物理考试
美国大学理事会举办的AP考试的物理科目
01
03 物理1 05 物理C：力学
目录
02 物理B（现在已被物 理1和2所取代）
04 物理2 06 物理C：电磁学
《AP物理考试》（AP Physics）是美国大学理事会举办的AP考试的物理科目。
AP物理考试，有以下种类：物理1，物理2，物理B（已在2015年取消） ，物理C：力学，物理C：电磁学， 考试等级分为 ：
谢谢观看
物理C：力学
物理C力学和电磁学课程和考试描述说明微积分为基础的物理，适合理工科的学习，建议可以和AP微积分考 试一起参加
AP课程是什么？AP的全方位解读
AP课程是什么？AP的全方位解读一、AP课程是什么？AP全称Advanced Placement，是指美国大学预修课程。
AP课程是在美国和加拿大等国的高级中学中，由美国大学理事会（英语：College Board）赞助和授权的高中先修性大学课程，至今一共有34门科目可供修读。
AP课程相当于美国大学课程水准，比一般的高中课程更深入、复杂和详细。
学生通过AP考试换取的学分，可以同等换取相应的美国大学学分。
AP学分目前已被被美国、加拿大等40多个国家几乎所有大学、文理学院认可，包括哈佛、耶鲁、牛津、剑桥、帝国理工等世界名牌大学。
二、科目：AP考试现在是有22个门类、38个学科。
AP考试涉及到不同领域的众多科目，包括Capstone、艺术、英语、历史与社会科学、数学和计算机科学、科学、世界语言和文化在内的七大类。
各个学校实际开设AP课程数量与学生质量、师资的配备等因素直接相关，因而并非每个学校都会开设这么多AP课程。
AP Art History (艺术历史)AP Biology (生物)AP Calculus AB (微积分 AB)AP Calculus BC (微积分 BC)AP Chemistry (化学)AP Chinese Language and Culture (中文)AP Computer Science A (电脑科学 A)AP Computer Science Principles (电脑科学理论)AP English Language and Composition (英文语言)AP English Literature and Composition (英文文学)AP Environmental Science (环境科学)AP European History (欧洲历史)AP French Language and Culture (法文)AP German Language and Culture (德文)AP Government and Politics: Comparative (比较政治学)AP Government and Politics: United States (美国政府)AP Human Geography (人文地理)AP Italian Language and Culture (义大利文)AP Japanese Language and Culture (日文)AP Latin (拉丁文)AP Macroeconomics (总体经济学)AP Microeconomics (个体经济学)AP Music Theory (音乐理论)AP Physics 1 (物理1)AP Physics 2 (物理2)AP Physics C: Electricity and Magnetism (物理C：电磁学)AP Physics C: Mechanics (物理C：力学)AP Psychology (心理学)AP Research (Second part of the AP Capstone program) (研究) AP Seminar (First part of the AP Capstone program) 研讨)AP Statistics (统计学)AP Spanish Language and Culture (西班牙文语言)AP Spanish Literature and Culture (西班牙文文学)AP Studio Art: 2-D Design (2D艺术设计)AP Studio Art: 3-D Design (2D艺术设计)AP Studio Art: Drawing (绘画)AP United States History (美国历史)AP World History (世界历史)三、评分：所有科目的AP考试的评分都是由1至5︰5 - 优秀（Extremely well qualified）4 - 良好（Well qualified）3 - 合格（Qualified）2 - 勉强合格（Possibly qualified）1 - 不合格（No recommendation）评核试卷的过程需要大量时间以及繁复的过程。
ap物理b真题-2010-physics-b-free-response-questions
AP® Physics B2010 Free-Response QuestionsThe College BoardThe College Board is a not-for-profit membership association whose mission is to connect students to college success and opportunity. Founded in 1900, the College Board is composed of more than 5,700 schools, colleges, universities and other educational organizations. Each year, the College Board serves seven million students and their parents, 23,000 high schools, and 3,800 colleges through major programs and services in college readiness, college admission, guidance, assessment, financial aid and enrollment. Among its widely recognized programs are the SAT®, the PSAT/NMSQT®, the Advanced Placement Program® (AP®), SpringBoard® and ACCUPLACER®. The College Board is committed to the principles of excellence and equity, and that commitment is embodied in all of its programs, services, activities and concerns.© 2010 The College Board. College Board, ACCUPLACER, Advanced Placement Program, AP, AP Central, SAT, SpringBoard and the acorn logo are registered trademarks of the College Board. Admitted Class Evaluation Service is a trademark owned by the College Board. PSAT/NMSQT is a registered trademark of the College Board and National Merit Scholarship Corporation. All other products and services may be trademarks of their respective owners. Permission to use copyrighted College Board materials may be requested online at: /inquiry/cbpermit.html.Visit the College Board on the Web: .AP Central is the official online home for the AP Program: .TABLE OF INFORMATION FOR 2010 and 2011meter, m mole, mol watt, W farad, F kilogram, kg hertz, Hz coulomb, C tesla, Tsecond, s newton, N volt, V degree Celsius, C ∞ampere, A pascal, Pa ohm, Welectron-volt, eV UNITSYMBOLSkelvin, K joule, J henry, HPREFIXESFactor Prefix Symbol 910giga G 610 mega M 310 kilo k210- centi c 310- milli m 610- micro m910- nano n1210-pico pThe following conventions are used in this exam.I. Unless otherwise stated, the frame of reference of any problem isassumed to be inertial. II. The direction of any electric current is the direction of flow of positivecharge (conventional current).III. For any isolated electric charge, the electric potential is defined as zero atan infinite distance from the charge. IV. For mechanics and thermodynamics equations, W represents the work done on a system.ADVANCED PLACEMENT PHYSICS B EQUATIONS FOR 2010 and 2011ADVANCED PLACEMENT PHYSICS B EQUATIONS FOR 2010 and 2011PHYSICS BSECTION IITime—90 minutes7 QuestionsDirections: Answer all seven questions, which are weighted according to the points indicated. The suggested times are about 17 minutes for answering each of Questions 1-2 and about 11 minutes for answering each of Questions3-7. The parts within a question may not have equal weight. Show all your work in the pink booklet in the spaces provided after each part, NOT in this green insert.1. (15 points)Block A of mass 4.0 kg is on a horizontal, frictionless tabletop and is placed against a spring of negligible mass and spring constant 650 N m. The other end of the spring is attached to a wall. The block is pushed toward the wall until the spring has been compressed a distance x, as shown above. The block is released and follows the trajectory shown, falling 0.80 m vertically and striking a target on the floor that is a horizontal distance of 1.2 m from the edge of the table. Air resistance is negligible.(a) Calculate the time elapsed from the instant block A leaves the table to the instant it strikes the floor.(b) Calculate the speed of the block as it leaves the table.(c) Calculate the distance x the spring was compressed.Block B, also of mass 4.0 kg, is now placed at the edge of the table. The spring is again compressed a distance x, and block A is released. As it nears the end of the table, it instantaneously collides with and sticks to block B.The blocks follow the trajectory shown in the figure below and strike the floor at a horizontal distance d from the edge of the table.(d) Calculate d if x is equal to the value determined in part (c).(e) Consider the system consisting of the spring, the blocks, and the table. How does the total mechanical energy2E of the system just before the blocks leave the table compare to the total mechanical energy 1E of the system just before block A is released? ____ 21E E < ____ 21E E =____ 21E E >Justify your answer.2. (15 points)A large pan is filled to the top with oil of density O r . A plastic cup of mass C m , containing a sample of knownmass S m , is placed in the oil so that the cup and sample float, as shown above. The oil that overflows from the pan is collected, and its volume is measured. The procedure is repeated with a variety of samples of different mass, and the pan is refilled each time.(a) On the dot below that represents the cup-sample system, draw and label the forces (not components) that acton the system when it is floating on the surface of the oil.∑(b) Derive an expression for the overflow volume O V (the volume of oil that overflows due to the floatingsystem) in terms of O r , S m , C m , and fundamental constants. If you need to draw anything other than what you have shown in part (a) to assist in your solution, use the space below. Do NOT add anything to the figure in part (a).Assume that the following data are obtained for the overflow volume O V for several sample masses S m .Sample mass S m (kg)0.020 0.030 0.040 0.050 0.060 0.070Overflow volume O V (3m ) 62910-¥63810-¥65410-¥66210-¥67610-¥ 68410-¥(c) Graph the data on the axes below, plotting the overflow volume as a function of sample mass. Place numbersand units on both axes. Draw a straight line that best represents the data.(d) Use the slope of the best-fit line to calculate the density of the oil.(e) What is the physical significance of the intercept of your line with the vertical axis?3. (10 points)Three particles are fixed in place in a horizontal plane, as shown in the figure above. Particle 3 at the top of thetriangle has charge 3q of 61.010 C -+¥, and the electrostatic force F on it due to the charge on the two otherparticles is measured to be entirely in the negative x -direction. The magnitude of the charge 1q on particle 1 is known to be 64.010 C -¥, and the magnitude of the charge 2q on particle 2 is known to be 61.710 C -¥, but their signs are not known.(a) Determine the signs of the charges 1q and 2q and indicate the correct signs below.1q ____ Negative 2q ____ Negative ____ Positive ____ Positive(b) On the diagram below, draw and label arrows to indicate the direction of the force 1F exerted by particle 1on particle 3 and the force 2F exerted by particle 2 on particle 3.(c) Calculate the magnitude of F , the electrostatic force on particle 3.(d) Calculate the magnitude of the electric field at the position of particle 3 due to the other two particles. (e) On the figure below, draw a small ¥ in the box that is at a position where another positively chargedparticle could be fixed in place so that the electrostatic force on particle 3 is zero.Justify your answer.4. (10 points)A locomotive runs on a steam engine with a power output of 64.510 W ¥and an efficiency of 12 percent. (a) Calculate the rate at which heat is being delivered to the steam engine.(b) Calculate the magnitude of the resistive forces acting on the locomotive when it is moving with a constantspeed of 7.0 m s . Suppose the gas in another heat engine follows the simplified path ABCDA in the PV diagram below at a rate of4 cycles per second.(c)i. What does the area bounded by path ABCDA represent?ii. Calculate the power output of the engine.(d) Indicate below all of the processes during which heat is added to the gas in the heat engine.____ AB ____BC ____CD ____DA5. (10 points) As shown above, a beam of red light of wavelength 76.6510 m -¥ in air is incident on a glass prism at an angle1q with the normal. The glass has index of refraction n = 1.65 for the red light. When 140,q =∞ the beam emerges on the other side of the prism at an angle 484.q =∞(a) Calculate the angle of refraction 2q at the left side of the prism.(b) Using the same prism, describe a change to the setup that would result in total internal reflection of the beam at the right side of the prism. Justify your answer.(c) The incident beam is now perpendicular to the surface. The glass is coated with a thin film that has an indexof refraction 1.38f n = to reduce the partial reflection of the beam at this angle.i. Calculate the wavelength of the red light in the film.ii. Calculate the minimum thickness of the film for which the intensity of the reflected red ray is nearzero.6. (10 points)The plastic cart shown in the figure above has mass 2.5 kg and moves with negligible friction on a horizontal surface. Attached to the cart is a rigid rectangular loop of wire that is 0.10 m by 0.20 m, has resistance 4.0 ,W and has a mass that is negligible compared to the mass of the cart. The plane of the rectangular loop is parallel to the plane of the page. A uniform magnetic field of 2.0 T, perpendicular to and directed into the plane of the page, starts at x = 0, as shown above.(a) On the figure below, indicate the direction of the induced current in the loop when its front edge is at0.12 m.x=x= its speed is 3.0 m s. Calculate the following(b) When the front edge of the rectangular loop is at 0.12 m,for that instant.i. The magnitude of the induced current in the rectangular loop of wireii. The magnitude of the net force on the loop(c) At a later time, the cart and loop are completely inside the magnetic field. Determine the magnitude of thenet force on the loop at that time. Justify your answer.7. (10 points) Light of wavelength 400 nm is incident on a metal surface, as shown above. Electrons are ejected from the metal surface with a maximum kinetic energy of 191.110-¥ J.(a) Calculate the frequency of the incoming light.(b) Calculate the work function of the metal surface.(c) Calculate the stopping potential for the emitted electrons.(d) Calculate the momentum of an electron with the maximum kinetic energy.END OF EXAM。
ap物理教程内容有哪些
ap物理教程内容有哪些AP课程相当于美国大学课程水准，比一般的高中课程更深入、复杂和详细。
学生通过AP考试换取学分，可以同等换取相应的美国大学学分。
AP物理课程包括以下四门:AP Physics 1: Algebra-BasedAP Physics 2: Algebra-BasedAP Physics C: Electricity and MagnetismAP Physics C: Mechanics那么AP物理课程主要有哪些内容?下面—块来看看。
一、AP Physics 1: Algebra-BasedAP Physics 1: Algebra-Based是一门基于代数的介绍性大学物理课程。
学生在探索系统、场、力的相互作用、变化、守恒等概念时，通过课堂学习、课堂活动和基于探究的动手实验室工作来培养对物理学的理解。
AP物理1是第一年的入门级大学物理课程，其设计目的是让您不需要任何物理方面的经验。
大学理事会和AP计划建议学生至少完成几何学并在本课程中同时学习代数Ⅱ。
在此AP考试中获得令人满意的分数可以作为大学物理入门课程的学分。
但是，请务必查看目标大学的网站，了解这些大学是否会将AP物理1作为大学学分。
二、AP Physics 2: Algebra-BasedAP Physics 2: Algebra-Based探索系统、场、力的相互作用、变化、守恒、波和概率等概念。
物理2与国内教材相差最大，像光学和核反应就是物理2的重点，很多概念晦涩难懂，所以考试难度也较大。
AP物理2作为AP物理1的后续课程，因此被设计为二年级物理课程，因此您需要完成另一门物理课程，例如物理1，作为先决条件。
本课程最接近旧的AP物理B课程。
这些主题往往比物理1中涵盖的机械物理更复杂和先进。
三、Electricity and MagnetismAP Physics C: Electricity and Magnetism是基于微积分的大学物理课程，特别适合计划专攻或主修物理科学或工程学的学生。
ap物理b真题-2010-physics-b-free-response-questions
AP® Physics B2010 Free-Response QuestionsThe College BoardThe College Board is a not-for-profit membership association whose mission is to connect students to college success and opportunity. Founded in 1900, the College Board is composed of more than 5,700 schools, colleges, universities and other educational organizations. Each year, the College Board serves seven million students and their parents, 23,000 high schools, and 3,800 colleges through major programs and services in college readiness, college admission, guidance, assessment, financial aid and enrollment. Among its widely recognized programs are the SAT®, the PSAT/NMSQT®, the Advanced Placement Program® (AP®), SpringBoard® and ACCUPLACER®. The College Board is committed to the principles of excellence and equity, and that commitment is embodied in all of its programs, services, activities and concerns.© 2010 The College Board. College Board, ACCUPLACER, Advanced Placement Program, AP, AP Central, SAT, SpringBoard and the acorn logo are registered trademarks of the College Board. Admitted Class Evaluation Service is a trademark owned by the College Board. PSAT/NMSQT is a registered trademark of the College Board and National Merit Scholarship Corporation. All other products and services may be trademarks of their respective owners. Permission to use copyrighted College Board materials may be requested online at: /inquiry/cbpermit.html.Visit the College Board on the Web: .AP Central is the official online home for the AP Program: .TABLE OF INFORMATION FOR 2010 and 2011meter, m mole, mol watt, W farad, F kilogram, kg hertz, Hz coulomb, C tesla, Tsecond, s newton, N volt, V degree Celsius, C ∞ampere, A pascal, Pa ohm, Welectron-volt, eV UNITSYMBOLSkelvin, K joule, J henry, HPREFIXESFactor Prefix Symbol 910giga G 610 mega M 310 kilo k210- centi c 310- milli m 610- micro m910- nano n1210-pico pThe following conventions are used in this exam.I. Unless otherwise stated, the frame of reference of any problem isassumed to be inertial. II. The direction of any electric current is the direction of flow of positivecharge (conventional current).III. For any isolated electric charge, the electric potential is defined as zero atan infinite distance from the charge. IV. For mechanics and thermodynamics equations, W represents the work done on a system.ADVANCED PLACEMENT PHYSICS B EQUATIONS FOR 2010 and 2011ADVANCED PLACEMENT PHYSICS B EQUATIONS FOR 2010 and 2011PHYSICS BSECTION IITime—90 minutes7 QuestionsDirections: Answer all seven questions, which are weighted according to the points indicated. The suggested times are about 17 minutes for answering each of Questions 1-2 and about 11 minutes for answering each of Questions3-7. The parts within a question may not have equal weight. Show all your work in the pink booklet in the spaces provided after each part, NOT in this green insert.1. (15 points)Block A of mass 4.0 kg is on a horizontal, frictionless tabletop and is placed against a spring of negligible mass and spring constant 650 N m. The other end of the spring is attached to a wall. The block is pushed toward the wall until the spring has been compressed a distance x, as shown above. The block is released and follows the trajectory shown, falling 0.80 m vertically and striking a target on the floor that is a horizontal distance of 1.2 m from the edge of the table. Air resistance is negligible.(a) Calculate the time elapsed from the instant block A leaves the table to the instant it strikes the floor.(b) Calculate the speed of the block as it leaves the table.(c) Calculate the distance x the spring was compressed.Block B, also of mass 4.0 kg, is now placed at the edge of the table. The spring is again compressed a distance x, and block A is released. As it nears the end of the table, it instantaneously collides with and sticks to block B.The blocks follow the trajectory shown in the figure below and strike the floor at a horizontal distance d from the edge of the table.(d) Calculate d if x is equal to the value determined in part (c).(e) Consider the system consisting of the spring, the blocks, and the table. How does the total mechanical energy2E of the system just before the blocks leave the table compare to the total mechanical energy 1E of the system just before block A is released? ____ 21E E < ____ 21E E =____ 21E E >Justify your answer.2. (15 points)A large pan is filled to the top with oil of density O r . A plastic cup of mass C m , containing a sample of knownmass S m , is placed in the oil so that the cup and sample float, as shown above. The oil that overflows from the pan is collected, and its volume is measured. The procedure is repeated with a variety of samples of different mass, and the pan is refilled each time.(a) On the dot below that represents the cup-sample system, draw and label the forces (not components) that acton the system when it is floating on the surface of the oil.∑(b) Derive an expression for the overflow volume O V (the volume of oil that overflows due to the floatingsystem) in terms of O r , S m , C m , and fundamental constants. If you need to draw anything other than what you have shown in part (a) to assist in your solution, use the space below. Do NOT add anything to the figure in part (a).Assume that the following data are obtained for the overflow volume O V for several sample masses S m .Sample mass S m (kg)0.020 0.030 0.040 0.050 0.060 0.070Overflow volume O V (3m ) 62910-¥63810-¥65410-¥66210-¥67610-¥ 68410-¥(c) Graph the data on the axes below, plotting the overflow volume as a function of sample mass. Place numbersand units on both axes. Draw a straight line that best represents the data.(d) Use the slope of the best-fit line to calculate the density of the oil.(e) What is the physical significance of the intercept of your line with the vertical axis?3. (10 points)Three particles are fixed in place in a horizontal plane, as shown in the figure above. Particle 3 at the top of thetriangle has charge 3q of 61.010 C -+¥, and the electrostatic force F on it due to the charge on the two otherparticles is measured to be entirely in the negative x -direction. The magnitude of the charge 1q on particle 1 is known to be 64.010 C -¥, and the magnitude of the charge 2q on particle 2 is known to be 61.710 C -¥, but their signs are not known.(a) Determine the signs of the charges 1q and 2q and indicate the correct signs below.1q ____ Negative 2q ____ Negative ____ Positive ____ Positive(b) On the diagram below, draw and label arrows to indicate the direction of the force 1F exerted by particle 1on particle 3 and the force 2F exerted by particle 2 on particle 3.(c) Calculate the magnitude of F , the electrostatic force on particle 3.(d) Calculate the magnitude of the electric field at the position of particle 3 due to the other two particles. (e) On the figure below, draw a small ¥ in the box that is at a position where another positively chargedparticle could be fixed in place so that the electrostatic force on particle 3 is zero.Justify your answer.4. (10 points)A locomotive runs on a steam engine with a power output of 64.510 W ¥and an efficiency of 12 percent. (a) Calculate the rate at which heat is being delivered to the steam engine.(b) Calculate the magnitude of the resistive forces acting on the locomotive when it is moving with a constantspeed of 7.0 m s . Suppose the gas in another heat engine follows the simplified path ABCDA in the PV diagram below at a rate of4 cycles per second.(c)i. What does the area bounded by path ABCDA represent?ii. Calculate the power output of the engine.(d) Indicate below all of the processes during which heat is added to the gas in the heat engine.____ AB ____BC ____CD ____DA5. (10 points) As shown above, a beam of red light of wavelength 76.6510 m -¥ in air is incident on a glass prism at an angle1q with the normal. The glass has index of refraction n = 1.65 for the red light. When 140,q =∞ the beam emerges on the other side of the prism at an angle 484.q =∞(a) Calculate the angle of refraction 2q at the left side of the prism.(b) Using the same prism, describe a change to the setup that would result in total internal reflection of the beam at the right side of the prism. Justify your answer.(c) The incident beam is now perpendicular to the surface. The glass is coated with a thin film that has an indexof refraction 1.38f n = to reduce the partial reflection of the beam at this angle.i. Calculate the wavelength of the red light in the film.ii. Calculate the minimum thickness of the film for which the intensity of the reflected red ray is nearzero.6. (10 points)The plastic cart shown in the figure above has mass 2.5 kg and moves with negligible friction on a horizontal surface. Attached to the cart is a rigid rectangular loop of wire that is 0.10 m by 0.20 m, has resistance 4.0 ,W and has a mass that is negligible compared to the mass of the cart. The plane of the rectangular loop is parallel to the plane of the page. A uniform magnetic field of 2.0 T, perpendicular to and directed into the plane of the page, starts at x = 0, as shown above.(a) On the figure below, indicate the direction of the induced current in the loop when its front edge is at0.12 m.x=x= its speed is 3.0 m s. Calculate the following(b) When the front edge of the rectangular loop is at 0.12 m,for that instant.i. The magnitude of the induced current in the rectangular loop of wireii. The magnitude of the net force on the loop(c) At a later time, the cart and loop are completely inside the magnetic field. Determine the magnitude of thenet force on the loop at that time. Justify your answer.7. (10 points) Light of wavelength 400 nm is incident on a metal surface, as shown above. Electrons are ejected from the metal surface with a maximum kinetic energy of 191.110-¥ J.(a) Calculate the frequency of the incoming light.(b) Calculate the work function of the metal surface.(c) Calculate the stopping potential for the emitted electrons.(d) Calculate the momentum of an electron with the maximum kinetic energy.END OF EXAM。
ap-physics-实验
Meterstick
Steel ball (1.5–2 cm in diameter)
Carbon paper
Bubble level
复写纸
Aluminum C-channel
The nuts to fit the machine screws
Blocks (mental and wooden)
d. 原因解释：与定理定义挂钩，详细描述l逻辑关系（公式/语言）
i. Fnet =0
FT sin = FE and FT cos = mg
The two equations above can be used to eliminate FT and solve FE.
FE= mg tan E = FE/q E = mg tan /q
What could you do？ One suggestion for reducing uncertainty would be to use a device that does not rely on human reaction time for measurement, such as a photogate, prolong the motion distance……
回去写！我给你们发答案，你们给我发！
How did you measure the speed of the ball just before it left the track?
Measure the horizontal distance (S) of the ball traveled from the edge of the table to the landing position by the meterstrick. Measure the time (t) of this procedure by stopwatch. The speed of the ball can be calculate by the equation v=S/t.