高考英语必考语法学案解析版专题十四：特殊句式

语法专题十四：特殊句式Ⅰ.强调句一．强调句的基本形式1、强调句的陈述句形式：It is/ was +被强调部分+ that/ who+其它部分。

注意：被强调部分通常是主语、宾语或状语；强调主语且指人的时候可以用who，其他一律用that。

例如：Hemetan old friendin the parkyesterday.主语谓语宾语地点状语时间状语对句中各部分进行强调：（1）强调主语：It was he who/that met an old friend in the park yesterday.（2）强调宾语：It was an old friend that he met in the park yesterday.（3）强调地点状语：It was in the park that he met an old friend yesterday.（4）强调时间状语：It was yesterday that he met an old friend in the park.2、强调句的一般疑问句形式：Is / was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分？①Was it he who/that met an old friend in the park yesterday?②Was it an old friend that he met in the park yesterday?③Was it in the park that he met an old friend yesterday?④Was it yesterday that he met an old friend in the park?3、强调句的特殊疑问句形式：特殊疑问词+ is/ was + it + that + 其它部分？①What is it that you want me to do?②Who was it that broke the window?③Where was it that you put your English book?④When was it that he made up his mind to take this course?⑤Why is it that he doesn't like the book?⑥How was it that he got hurt?注意：（1）强调主语时，谓语动词和主语在人称和数上要保持一致。

①It is he who/that often does good deeds.②It is I who/that am looking for you.（2）构成强调句的it本身没有词义；强调句中的连接词只用that或who，即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此，that或who不可省略；强调句中的时态只用两种，一般现在时和一般过去时。

原句谓语动词是与过去相关的时态，如一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时等，用It was … ，与现在或将来相关的时态用It is … 。

（3）若强调句的疑问句形式放在宾语从句的位置，则需要用陈述句的形式。

例如：①Do you know who it is that will teach us English？②I really don't know when it was that he went to bed.二．not … until … 句型的强调句句型为：It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其它部分。

普通句：He didn’t go to bed until his wife came back.强调句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.注意：此句型只用until，不用till；因为句型中It is/ was not … 已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。

三．谓语动词的强调1、It is/ was … that … 结构不能强调谓语，如需要强调谓语，用助动词do/ does或did。

例如：①Do be careful when you cross the street.②She does love you.③He did write to you last week.2、注意：此种强调只用do/ does和did ，第三人称单数用does，过去时用did ，后面的谓语动词用原形。

强调句的验证方法：先看句子里有没有It、be动词和that，如果有，去掉It is / was…that 结构，看原句是否为一个完整的句子，如果是，则为强调句，否则就不是强调句。

Ⅱ.倒装句倒装是一种语法手段，用于表示一定的句子结构或强调某一句子成分。

倒装句有两种：完全倒装(full inversion)和部分倒装(partial inversion)一、部分倒装部分倒装可以用于多种时态，常见的情况有：1. 句首状语为否定词(短语)或半否定词的句子要用部分倒装。

这类词或短语主要有never, neither, nor, not,little,few,nowhere,seldom, rarely, hardly, scarcely, no sooner, in no way, by no means ,at no time，in no case ,under no circumstance等。

例如：①Never will I give in.②Not a word did I say to him.③I can't swim. Neither can he.④Little does he care about what I said.⑤Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.⑥No sooner had he gone to bed than he fell asleep.⑦Hardly had he arrived at the station when the train left.⑧By no means will she marry you.注意：Neither…nor…所引导的并列句，前后分句均用部分倒装。

例如：Neither do I know her name，nor does Tom.2. "Only + 状语（副词、介词短语、从句等）"放在句首,句子要部分倒装。

例如：①Only then did I realize the importance of English.②Only by this means is it possible to explain it.③Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back towork.注意：“only+主语”位于句首时不倒装。

例如：①But only love can say，try again or walk away.②Only you can help me.3.so或so引导的短语放在句首作状语,要部分倒装。

例如：①I saw the film, so did Mary.②So angry was he that he could hardly speak.③So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.④So loudly did he speak that people in the next room could hear him.⑤So fast did he run that I could hardly keep up with him.4. "Not only + 分句,but also + 分句"句型中的前一分句要部分倒装。

例如：①Not only does John love Chinese, he is also good at speaking it.②Not only did he come，but also he was very happy．③Not only was everything that he had taken away from him ,but also his German citizenship（was taken away）．注意：not only...but also...连接主语时,不倒装。

例如：Not only the mother but also the children are sick.5. Not until放在句首要用部分倒装；若是复句，从句不倒装,主句倒装。

例如：①Not until last week did they find the lost bike.②Not until my son had entered the university did he realize the importance of learning English.6.在以often, many a time, now and again 等方式或频率副词(短语)开头的句子中,要用部分倒装结构。

例如：①Often have we made that test.②Many a time has John given me good advice.③Now and again did she come to see me.7.虚拟语气的条件从句中，省略了if后，were, had, should等放在条件句主语前，够成倒装。

例如：①Were I you, I would try it again.=If I were you，I would try it again.②Should it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off visiting Beijing. =If it should rain tomorrow，we would have to put off visiting Beijing.③Had you worked hard at college, you would have got a better job.=If you had worked hard at college,you would have got a better job. 8.由as, though, however构成的让步状语从句，从句要倒装，此种倒装结构比较特殊，一般为：形容词（副词或名词等）+as/though+主语+谓语;however +形容词（副词)+主语+谓语。