商务组织作业3

1. a. Advantages of ethnocentric:
First the firm may believe the host country lacks qualified individuals to fill senior management positions.
Second the firm may see an ethnocentric staffing policy as the best way to maintain a unified corporate culture.
Third if the firm is trying to create value by transferring core competencies to a foreign operation, as firms pursuing an international strategy are, it may believe that the best way to accomplish this goal is to transfer parent country nationals who have knowledge of that competency to the foreign operation.
Disadvantages of ethnocentric:
First an ethnocentric staffing policy limits advancement opportunities for host country nationals. Second an ethnocentric policy can lead to cultural myopia ,the firm’s failure to understand host country cultural differences that require different approaches to marketing and management.
Strategic Appropriateness international
b. Advantages of polycentric:
First the firm is less likely to suffer from cultural myopia.
Second a polycentric approach may be less expensive to implement, reducing the cost of value creation.
Disadvantages of polycentric:
First Host country nationals have limited opportunities to gain experience outside their own subsidiary.
Second host country managers and parent country managers have gaps.
Strategic Appropriateness localization
c. Advantages of geocentric:
First uses human resources efficiency.
Second help build strong culture and informal management networks.
Disadvantages of geocentric:
First national immigration policies may limit implementation.
Second it is expensive.
Strategic Appropriateness glo bal standardization and transnational
2. The common reasons are lack of partner satisfaction , lack of cultural skills and lack of technical competence. Which will waste time and expenses , and limit the effectiveness and contribution.
A way to reduce expatriate failure is by improving selection procedures to screen out inappropriate candidates.
3. The link is the degree to which organized labor can limit the choices of an international business. A firm’s ability to integrate an consolidate its global operation to realize experience curve and location economies can be limited by organized labor ,constraining the pursuit of a transnational or global standardization strategy. Another one is to foster harmony and minimize conflict between the firm and organized labor.
4. By a firm’s nature ,pursuing such a strategy requires centralized control over the labor relations function. To achieve this ,the firm or organization bargain with local unions to get union agreement to changes in work rules before committing to an investment.。