SWAGELOK螺纹标准

Thread andEnd Connection Identification GuideContentsIntroductionThread and End Connection T erminology. . . . 4General Terminology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Step-by-Step IdentificationProcedure for Threadsand End Connections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Thread IdentificationReference Tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Tapered Threads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20End Connections That Use:T apered Threads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Straight Threads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26End Connections That Use:Unified Screw Threads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28ISO 228/1 Threads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35Metric (ISO 261) Threads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42NPSM Threads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49AppendixEnd Connection to Thread Matrix. . . . . . . . 50Thread to End Connection Matrix. . . . . . . . 51Thread Identification Tools. . . . . . . . . . . . . 52Glossary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533IntroductionThread andEnd Connection TerminologyStandards are used to help identify threads and end connections. We will use the following definitions in this manual:Thread StandardA specific reference to a formal standard (for example, ANSI/ASME B1.1, DIN 2999, or ISO261) which describes thread form, including a thread’s angle, pitch, and diameter.End Connection StandardA specific reference to a national standard (such as DIN 3852 or JIS PT) or industry-group standard (such as SAE J512) which describes an end connection’s components, seal area, geometry, and nominal sizes. Thread standards are usually referenced in the end connection standard.Thread Standards andEnd Connection StandardsMany mechanical end connections have threads. Therefore, thread standards can be used to help define end connection standards.PitchFor the purposes of this guide, pitch refers to threads per inch, instead of the distance between the threads, for fractional screw threads and pipe threads. For all metric screw threads, pitch refers to the distance between adjacent threads.45General TerminologyGeneral terms and characteristics, which apply to all end connection threads, are shown below for both male and female threads.Threads1.Crest5.Thread Flank Angle 2.Root6.Taper Angle 3.Flank7.Male Thread OD 4.Pitch (Metric)8.Female Thread IDEnd Connections1.Body Size2.Shoulder3.Face Male FemaleStep-by-Step Identification Procedure for Threadsand End ConnectionsSTEP1:Determine if the thread is tapered orstraight (parallel).STEP2:Measure the thread diameter.STEP3:Determine the thread pitch.STEP4:Determine the thread standard.STEP5:Identify the end connection.NOTE:Even experienced workers sometimes have difficulty identifying threads,regardless of their thread identificationprocedure and the quality of their gauges.DetailsSTEP1:Determine if the thread istapered or straight (parallel). Use a caliper to measure the nominal male or female thread crest-to-crest diameter on the first, fourth, and last full threads. (See Figure 1.)If the diameters increase for a male end ordecrease for a female end, the thread is tapered.If all the diameters are the same, the thread isLast4th1stFigure 1.Measuring Crest-to-Crest Thread Diameters67I D E N T I F I C A T I O N straight (parallel).STEP 2:Measure the thread diameter.Use a caliper to measure the nominal male or female thread diameter from crest-to-crest. (See Figure 2.)Measure the fourth or fifth full thread.Measure any full thread.The diameter measurement obtained in this step may not be exactly the same as the listed nominal size for the given thread. The main reason for this variation is industry or manufacturing tolerances.STEP 3:Determine the thread pitch.T o determine the thread pitch, use the Swagelok pitch gauges and check the thread against each form until you find a match. If you prefer to narrow down the choices, use the following procedure:a.On the appropriate thread identification referencetable, locate the nominal thread diameter. Note that it is common to have the thread diameter for different threads listed multiple times.Turn to the Tapered Thread Identification Reference Tables beginning on page 12.Figure 2.Measuring the Thread DiametersLast 4th 1stLast 4th1stb.For each case, read across the table to thepitch column to determine the possible threadpitches for your thread.c.Try the appropriate pitch gauge form for thethreads identified in Step b. above until you finda match. (See Figure 3.)STEP4:Determine the thread standard. Once you have determined the following abouta thread, you have all the information required to identify it:I Male or femaleI Straight or taperedI Nominal male or female diameterI PitchNow, turn to the appropriate thread identification reference table and identify the thread.STEP5:Identify the end connection.If the thread is tapered:a.Locate the end connections that have thetapered thread you identified. (See pages 20through 23.)b.Study the cross-section drawings for these endconnections and determine which one matchesyour end connection.TNo Match MatchFigure 3.Determining the Thread Pitch8If the thread is straight:a.Locate the end connections that use thestraight thread you identified. (See pages 26through 48.)b.Study the cross-section drawings for these endconnections and determine which one matchesyour end connection.NOTE:The Swagelok®combination seat angle gauge set includes 45°, 37°, and 30°seat angle gauges to assist with endconnection identification. (See page 52.)c.Select one of the gauges and place its angleagainst the seat angle of the end connection. d.If the centerline of the fitting and the longitudinalaxis of the gauge are parallel, the seat angleand the gauge angle are the same. If not, tryanother gauge.Longitudinal AxisCenterlineNo MatchSeat AngleSeat Gauge AngleMatchFigure 4.Determining Seat AngleNOTE:Fittings have seat angles other than 45°, 37°, and30°. Contact your independentSwagelok representative for additionalinformation.910the pitch is 24.STEP4:Determine the thread standard.At this point you know that the thread has the following characteristics:a.Maleb.Straightc.Nominal thread diameter of 0.430 in.d.Pitch equals 24Looking at the cut-out portion of the straight thread identification reference table, you see that theonly thread with all of these characteristics isa 7/16 in. UNS thread.STEP5:Identify the end connection.So far you know that you have a 7/16 in. UNS thread. To identify the end connection, you:a.Identify the type of seal.b.Turn to the section in this manual entitled“End Connections That Use Unified ScrewThreads” (pages 28 through 34), and findthe configuration that matches your endconnection.11Thread IdentificationReference TablesTapered—MaleNOTE:Measured thread diameters may not match table measurements exactly. All threads have tolerancesregarding many parts of the threads. The informationin this chart is not intended to be used as inspectioncriteria for threaded fittings. It is intended to be usedas a guide to help identify various threads.U = Unified W = Whitworth M = MetricLabeling on each Swagelok pitch gauge formNOTE:1/2 and 3/4 in. ISO 7/1 and NPT threads can be diffi-cult to identify because they are very close in design.Positive identification may not be possible without theuse of an optical comparator. Contact your independentSwagelok representative for additional information.T A B L E STapered—FemaleNOTE:Measured thread diameters may not match tablemeasurements exactly. All threads have tolerances regarding many parts of the threads. The information in this chart is not intended to be used as inspection criteria for threaded fittings. It is intended to be used as a guide to help identify various threads.Straight—MaleNOTE:Measured thread diameters may not match table measurements exactly. All threads have tolerancesregarding many parts of the threads. The informationin this chart is not intended to be used as inspectioncriteria for threaded fittings. It is intended to be usedas a guide to help identify various threads.T A B L E SStraight—MaleStraight—MaleLabeling on each Swagelok pitch gauge formNOTE:1/2 and 3/4 in. ISO 7/1 and NPT threads can be dif-ficult to identify because they are very close in design.Positive identification may not be possible without theuse of an optical comparator. Contact your independentSwagelok representative for additional information.T A B L E SStraight—FemaleNOTE:Measured thread diameters may not match tablemeasurements exactly. All threads have tolerances regarding many parts of the threads. The information in this chart is not intended to be used as inspection criteria for threaded fittings. It is intended to be used as a guide to help identify various threads.Labeling on each Swagelok pitch gauge form(continued on next page)Straight—Female➀U = Unified W = Whitworth M = Metric Labeling on each Swagelok pitch gauge form(continued on next page)T A B L E SStraight—Female➀U = UnifiedW = Whitworth M = MetricLabeling on each Swagelok pitch gauge formTapered ThreadsThe following characteristics and information should be considered when using tapered threads:I The seal is designed to take place between thetapered threads.I Tapered pipe threads always need a sealant toseal system fluids and reduce the potential forgalling of the threads.I Products such as Swagelok PTFE tape, SWAK®,anaerobic pipe thread sealant with PTFE, andPTFE Free SWAK perform both the lubricating and sealing functions. If the two pieces of metal are forced against each other without lubrication, galling is possible.I After following the sealant and lubricant applicationinstructions, the amount of tightening is discre-tionary. There is no standard for torque or number of turns.NPT(also known asEnd Connections That UseTapered ThreadsI NPTI NPT with O-SealI BSPTNOTE:1/2 and 3/4 in. BSPT and NPT threads can be diffi-cult to identify because they are very close in design.Positive identification may not be possible withoutthe use of an optical comparator. Contact yourSwagelok representative for additional information.T A P E R E DEnd Connections That UseTapered ThreadsMale:The male end has a 1°47' tapered thread with a 60°thread angle.Female:The female end has a 1°47' taperedthread with a 60°thread angle.Seal:The seal is designed to take place onthe tapered thread.End Connections That UseTapered ThreadsNPT with O-SealO-ringMale:The male end has an undersized NPTthread and an O-ring groove on theshoulder of the hex.Female:The female end has an NPT thread anda smooth, flat surface.Seal:The seal takes place by compressing the O-ring against the face of the femalecomponent.T A P E R E DBSPT JIS PTDIN 3852 Part 2, Type CMale:The male end has a 1°47' tapered thread with a 55°thread angle.Female:The female end has a 1°47' taperedthread with a 55°thread angle.Seal:The seal is designed to take place on the tapered thread.End Connections That UseTapered ThreadsEnd Connections That Use Unified Screw ThreadsS T R A I G H TSAE 37°(JIC)Male:The male end has a straight thread and a 37°cone taper.Female:The female end has a straight threadand a nut captured on tubing with a mating 37°flare or a 37°tapered gland.Seal:The seal takes place between the male taper and the ID of the tapered gland or flared tubing.End Connections That UseUnified Screw ThreadsGlandTubing SleeveSAE Straight Thread O-Ring BossMale:The male end has a straight thread and an O-ring.Female:The female end has a straight threadand a taper to accept the O-ring.Seal:The seal takes place by compressing theO-ring into the taper.O-ringEnd Connections That UseUnified Screw ThreadsS T R A I G H TStraight Thread O-SealMale:The male end has a straight thread and an O-ring groove on the shoulder of the hex.Female:The female end has a straight threadand a smooth, flat surface.Seal:The seal takes place by compressing the O-ring against the face of thefemale component.End Connections That UseUnified Screw ThreadsUnified Screw ThreadsSAE45°GlandTubing SleeveMale:The male end has a straight thread anda 45°cone taper.Female:The female end has a straight thread and a nut captured on tubing with amating 45°flare or a 45°tapered gland. Seal:The seal takes place between the male taper and the ID of the tapered gland orflared tubing.3233S T R A I G H TSAE J1453 O-Ring Face Seal ISO 8434-3Male:The male end has a straight thread and an O-ring in a groove on the face of the fitting.Female: The female end has a straight thread. Agland with a flat face is held against the body by a female nut that threads onto the body.Seal:The seal takes place by compressing the O-ring between the faces of the fitting.O-ringUnified Screw ThreadsUnified Screw ThreadsSAE42°Inverted FlareWithout Flared TubingWith Flared TubingMale:The male end has a straight thread and can have either a 42°or 45°taper. Female:The female end has a straight threadand a 42°inverted flare seat or gland. Seal:The seal takes place between the taper in the male fitting and flared tubing ordirectly on the inverted flare seat.3435S T R A I G H TI BSPP (British Standard Pipe Parallel)JIS Parallel Pipe I JIS 30°FlareI DIN EN 837-1 and EN 837-3, Type B I DIN 3852 Part 2, Type A I DIN 3852 Part 2, Type BIBS 5380: 1984 (British Standard)ISO 228/1 ThreadsAlso known as JIS Parallel Pipe.ISO 228/1 ThreadsBSPP(British Standard Pipe Parallel)JIS Parallel PipeNOTE:BSPP and JIS parallel pipe fittings are identical in design, appearance, and dimensions.Male: The male end has a straight thread anda 30°taper.Female:The female end is a nut with a straightthread captured on a 30°cone taperedgland.Seal:The seal takes place between the taper in the male fitting and the 30°conetapered gland.3637S T R A I G H TJIS 30°FlareMale:The male end has a straight thread and a 30°cone taper.Female:The female end has a straight thread anda nut captured on tubing with a mating 30°flare or a 30°tapered gland.Seal:The seal takes place between the male taper and the ID of the tapered gland or flared tubing.GlandTubing SleeveISO 228/1 Threads38DIN EN 837-1 AND EN 837-3, Type B JIS B 0202Male:The male fitting has a straight thread and a spigot which fits through the ID of the gasket.➀Female:The female has a straight thread anda counterbore in the ID of the fitting to accept a gasket.➁Female:The female has a straight thread and acounterbore in the ID of the fitting to accept a gasket. The counterbore is larger to help ensure the male end compresses the gasket into a sealing position.Seal:The seal takes place by compressing agasket between the male and female fittings.CounterboreFemale ➀Female➁ISO 228/1 ThreadsGasket39S T R A I G H TDIN 3852 Part 2, Type AMale:The male end has a straight thread and a straight shoulder.Female:The female end has a straight threadand a flat, smooth surface.Seal:The seal takes place by compressing a gasket between the straight shoulder and the flat, smooth surface.Gasket:This gasket could be either all metal ormetal with a bonded elastomer on the ID.ShoulderBonded GasketISO 228/1 Threads40S T R A I G H TDIN 3852 Part 2, Type BMale:The male end has a straight thread and an angled shoulder.Female:The female end has a straight thread anda flat, smooth surface.Seal:The seal takes place by compressing a gasket between the angled shoulder and the flat, smooth surface.Gasket:Use of a metal gasket is suggested.All-Metal GasketShoulderSeal Location Fittings Thread Applicable StandardsGasket Metal-to-MetalDIN 3852 Part 2ISO 228/1ISO 228/1 Threads41S T R A I G H TBS 5380: 1984 (British Standard)Male:The male end has a straight thread and an O-ring.Female:The female end has a straight thread anda taper to accept the O-ring.Seal:The seal takes place by compressing theO-ring into the taper.O-ringISO 228/1 ThreadsEnd Connections That Use Metric (ISO 261) ThreadsS T R A I G H TDIN 7631Male:The male end has a straight thread and a 30°taper.Female:The female end is a nut with a straightthread captured on a globe seal nose gland. The globe seal nose may contain an O-ring.Seal:The seal takes place between the taper inthe male fitting and the globe seal nose.O-ringEnd Connections That UseMetric (ISO 261) ThreadsEnd Connections That UseMetric (ISO 261) ThreadsJIS Parallel Pipe MetricMale:The male end has a straight thread anda 30°taper.Female:The female end is a nut with a straight thread captured on a 30°cone taperedgland.Seal:The seal takes place between the taper in the male fitting and the 30°conetapered gland.DIN EN 837-1 and EN 837-3, Type BGasketGasketCounterboreFemale ➀Female ➁End Connections That UseMetric (ISO 261) ThreadsEnd Connections That UseMetric (ISO 261) ThreadsDIN3852 Part 1, Type ABonded GasketShoulderMale:The male end has a straight thread anda straight shoulder.Female:The female end has a straight threadand a flat, smooth surface.Seal:The seal takes place by compressinga gasket between the straight shoulderand the flat, smooth surface.Gasket:This gasket could be either all metal or metal with a bonded elastomer on the ID.S T R A I G H TDIN3852 Part 1, Type BMale:The male end has a straight thread and an angled shoulder.Female:The female end has a straight thread anda flat, smooth surface.Seal:The seal takes place by compressing a gasket between the angled shoulder and the flat, smooth surface.Gasket:Use of a metal gasket is suggested.All-Metal GasketShoulderEnd Connections That UseMetric (ISO 261) ThreadsISO 6149-1, ISO 6149-2, AND ISO 6149-3Male:The male end has a straight thread andan O-ring.Female:The female end has a straight thread anda taper to accept the O-ring.Seal:The seal takes place by compressing the O-ring into the taper.End Connections That UseMetric (ISO 261) ThreadsO-ringS T R A I G H TNPSMMale:The male end has a straight thread and a 30°taper.Female:The female end is a nut with a straight threadcaptured on a 30°cone tapered gland.Seal:The seal takes place between the taper in the male fitting and the 30°cone tapered gland.End Connections That UseNPSM ThreadsEnd Connection to Thread MatrixA P P E N D I XThread to End Connection Matrix。