YY六级翻译学生讲义全
六级强化翻译讲义——菜鸟课程
六级翻译强化提高班——菜鸟课程主讲：董仲蠡欢迎使用菜鸟课程电子讲义出题形式《关于大学英语四、六级考试题型调整的说明》原单句汉译英调整为段落汉译英。
翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等。
四级长度为140-160个汉字；六级长度为180-200个汉字。
--全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会2013年8月14日翻译？Translating is the art of recomposing a work in another language without losing its original flavor.——Columbia Encyclopedia翻译本身一种错误？Translation is like dancing with chains.Translation is like a girl, the more beautiful, the more unfaithful.Translation is the art of failure.四六级翻译评分标准分数档标准特征符合定义13-15 译文准确表达了原文的意思。
用词贴切，行文流畅，基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。
雅10-12 译文基本上表达了原文的意思。
文字通顺、连贯，无重大语言错误。
达7-9 译文勉强表达了原文的意思。
用词欠准确，语言错误相当多，其中有些是严重语言错误。
信大师如何说翻译？译事三难：信、达、雅。
--严复The standard of true;The standard fluent;The standard of beauty.--林语堂翻译本天成，妙手偶得之STUDIES serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is inprivateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment, and disposition of business.--Francis Bacon读书足以怡情，足以博采，足以长才。
英语六级翻译王牌讲义
六级汉译英讲义一、汉译英应试原则和基本程序(一)汉译英应试原则手法灵活(如遇难译之处，换用其它相近说法表达)语法正确(避免时态、语态、单复数等语法错误)内容忠实(必须把原文的内容准确而完整地表达出来，不得有任何歪曲、遗漏或增删)语言闪光(译文符合英语表达习惯，且用词准确、多样)(二)汉译英基本程序1.理解通读并透彻理解原文含义2.翻译确定译文句子的时态、句型、结构和用词3.审校首先检查译文是否正确地转述了原文内容，是否有错译和漏译;其次，检查是否有语言上的明显错误，如时态、语态、单复数、拼写、大小写、标点符号等。
发现错误，及时改正。
二、汉译英专项练习一、倍数增减的表示法1) Force N1 ____ is 2.5 times greater than Force N2___________(比力N2大2.5倍).2) This substance __ reacts three times as fast as the other one _____________(反应速度是另外那种物质的三倍).3) The earth __is 49 times the size of the moon_____________(是月球大小的49倍).4) The landlord __ wants to raise the rent by a third _____________(想将租金提高三分之一).5) They __ plan to double their investment_____________(计划将投资增加一倍).二、时态1) Be quick, __ or the wedding will have finished by the time we get to the church_____________(否则等我们到达教堂时婚礼就已经结束了).2) When she got home, _ the children had fallen asleep ______________(孩子们已经睡着了).3) When I prepare for the college entrance examination, _ my sister will be taking hervacation at the seaside ______________(我姐姐将在海边度假).4) I_ have been revising my resume all the morning ______________(一上午都在修改我的简历).5) Do you often go on holiday? _ No. It has been five years since I went on holiday______________(不，我已经有五年没有度假了).6) He joined the army in October, 2001. _ He has been in the army for 5 years______________(他参军已五年了).三、被动语态1) The blackboard and chalk _ is being replaced by the computer and the projector______________(正在被电脑和投影机所取代).2) The book _ will have been published by the end of this year______________(到今年年底就将已出版).3) Computer models _ can be used to demonstrate the way that cells work______________(可以用来演示细胞工作的方式).4) When the bill of fare was brought, __ I was startled, for the prices were a great deal higher than I had anticipated_____________(我惊呆了，价格大大超出了我的预料).5) _ Effective measures must be taken immediately ______________(必须立即采取有效措施)to eliminate sandy storms.四、情态动词1) The phone is ringing, _ but there is no answer. She can’t be at home______________(但是没人接听。
谭剑波老师四六级翻译作文讲义
文都名师： 谭剑波Tangible
时间：2015年5月30日
目录：பைடு நூலகம்
第一部分: 写作高分策略 第一讲 写作的形式 第二讲 四六级写作题型 第三讲 各题型第一段设置 第四讲 各题型第二三段内容设置 第五讲 操练作文 第二部分: 翻译得分策略 第一讲: 翻译四大策略 第二讲: 翻译练习
• 三、文字类作文第一段 （提纲必须自拟，题目中一般没有提纲，开放式作文）
• 2014年六级作文：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay explaining why it is unwise to put all your eggs in one basket. You can give examples to illustrate your point. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. • 第一段框架： There is an old famous saying saying that ( 名言 ), which is very thought-provoking. This famous saying tells us an undeniable truth that+（完整句 子： it is very dangerous to put all the eggs in one basket, and we should take many factors into consideration and get better prepared）
第一部分 写作高分策略
六级翻译讲义
Welcome to Translation Course for CET-6Offered by Miracle六级翻译部分的考纲解读：本部分测试时间为30分钟，占考试总分的15%（1）测试要求要求应试者运用汉译英的理论和技巧，翻译有关历史、文化、经济、社会发展等话题的段落。
译文应忠于原意，语言通顺。
（2）题型本部分为主观试题，长度为180-200词左右的汉译英文章或段落一篇。
（3）选题原则（a）汉译英选材取自中文报刊或书籍。
（b）题材和内容具有普遍性、社会性以及现实意义，难度宜适中/内容不应太偏太深。
六级翻译样题Chapter 4主语和谓语的确定一．主语的确定1) 把汉语原文中的主语直接翻译成英语充当译文的主语，这是一种最简单、最可靠的对应方法，也是我们做汉英翻译“定主语”的时候首先应该考虑的方法。
当前，国际形势正经历着自冷战结束以后最复杂、最深刻的变化。
At present, the international situation is experiencing the most complicated and profound changes since the end of Cold War.和平与发展仍然是摆在世界各国人民面前的两大课题。
Peace and development are still the two subjects confronted with people all over the world. 2）汉语和英语都有一个共同的特点，就是代词可以充当主语，所以，我们当然还可以直接选用汉语原文中的代词来充当英语译文的主语。
如：我们正努力教育公民不要像西方国家那样过度消费，比如使用过多的空调、私人汽车、以及随意处理的产品。
We are managing to educate citizens to avoid the behavior of over-consumption, such as the excessive use of air conditioners, private cars and disposable products at will.如今我们有许多不同的选择：除传统的家常菜以外，还有营养保健配餐和方便可口的快餐食品。
2020年6月六级专项精讲听力讲义(学生版)
强化听力第一章总论1.对词汇的敏感是英语学习的关键，对词汇与句型的敏感是听力和口语的核心。
2.六级听力题型介绍Section A长对话Directions：In this section，you will hear two long conversations.At the end of each conversation，you will hear some questions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.笔记：Section B短文听力Directions：In this section，you will hear two passages.At the end of each passage，you will hear some questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.笔记：Section C讲座听力（重点）Directions：In this section，you will hear recordings of lectures or talks followed by some questions.The recordings will be played only once.笔记：3.六级听力总策略第二章讲座听力题型详解第一讲讲座听力题型介绍（大纲样题）Now listen to the following recording and answer questions16to19.1.A）They investigate the retirement homes in America.B）They are on issues facing senior citizens in America.C）They describe the great pleasures of the golden years.D）They are filled with fond memories of his grandparents.（通过17/18/19猜测本题答案）2.A）The loss of the ability to take care of himself.B）The feeling of not being important any more.C）Being unable to find a good retirement home.D）Leaving the home he had lived in for60years.（看原文回顾分析）3.A）The loss of identity and self-worth.B）Fear of being replaced or discarded.C）Freedom from pressure and worldly cares.D）The possession of wealth and high respect.（研究所有选项可以排除其中两个选项）4.A）The urgency of pension reform.B）Medical care for senior citizens.C）Finding meaningful roles for the elderly in society.D）The development of public facilities for senior citizens.（一起回顾最后一段：最后即所得）Moderator：Hello Ladies and Gentleman，it gives me great pleasure to introduce our keynote speaker for today’s session，Dr.Howard ler，Professor of Sociology at Washington University，has written numerous articles and books on the issues facing older Americans in our graying society for the past15years.ler：Thank you for that introduction.Today，I’d like to preface my remarks with a story from my own life which I feel highlights the common concerns that bring us here together.Several years ago when my grandparents were well into their eighties，they were faced with the reality of no longerbeing able to adequately care for themselves.My grandfather spoke of his greatest fear，that of leaving the only home they had known for the past60years.（最后即所得原则）Fighting back the tears，he spoke proudly of the fact that he had built their home from the ground up，and that he had pounded every nail and laid every brick in the process.The prospect of having to sell their home and give up their independence，and move into a retirement home was an extremely painful experience for them.It was，in my grandfather’s own words，like having a limb cut off.He exclaimed in a forceful manner that he felt he wasn’t important anymore.For them and some older Americans，their so-called“golden years”are at times not so pleasant，for this period can mean the decline of not only one’s health but the loss of identity and self-worth.（not only—but also转折后重心原则）In many societies，this self-identity is closely related with our social status，occupation，material possessions，or independence.Furthermore，we often live in societies that value what is“new”or in fashion，and our own usage of words in the English language is often a sign of bad news for older Americans.I mean how would your family react if you came home tonight exclaiming，“Hey，come to the living room and see the OLD black and white TV I brought!”Unfortunately，the word“old”calls to mind images of the need to replace or discard.Now，many of the lectures given at this conference have focused on the issues of pension reform，medical care，and the development of public facilities for senior citizens.And while these are vital issues that must be addressed，I’d like to focus my comments on an important issue that will affect the overall success of the other programs mentioned.This has to do with changing our perspectives on what it means to be a part of this group，and finding meaningful roles the elderly can play and should play in our societies.First of all，I’d like to talk about...1.What does the introduction say about Dr.Howard Miller’s articles and books?（前言部分也出题）2.What is the greatest fear of ler’s grandfather?3.What does ler say the“golden years”can often mean?4.What is the focus of ler’s speech?第二讲讲座听力实战操练第一篇（音频1）：通过中心去掉部分选项：16.A）because only in this way can they feel much better in their daily lifeB）because by doing this individuals can recognize their personalitiesC）because by doing so they can focus on acknowledging the stressD）because only in this way can they recover from the stress17.A）to get away from a stressful situation and take part in low stress activityB）to pay no attention to our physical needsC）doing body exercise as much as you canD）to learn to relive yourselves of stress from work18.A）catching up with others in workB）doing some manageable tasks at a proper speedC）doing the whole job within one dayD）trying to slow down instead of speeding upThe first thing that most psychologists suggest is to learn to recognize your own stress signals. We all have different types of stress signals，but individuals should monitor themselves for stress signals，so that they can focus on minimizing or acknowledging the stress before it gets out of control.And common early signs for many people include irritability，insomnia，weight loss or even weight gain，smoking，drinking，increases in small errors，all kinds of things that people get which could be an early signal of stress.You can consider ways to protect yourself when you start seeing these signs coming on.So you might decide to withdraw from a stressful situation or reward yourself with equal amounts of low stress activity time.That’s really the first important way to deal with stress appropriately.The second important way to deal with stress is to pay attention to your body’s demands.Most psychologists are finding that a good exercise program，good nutrition，decreases the amount of stress，or the effect of stress on the body or in the mind.And this seems quite apparent because exercise can provide a stress-free environment away from your usual stresses and it keeps your body busy and preoccupied with non-stressful things.OK，the third thing to reduce stress is to make plans and act when appropriate.What is suggested is that rather than wasting energy on worrying，an individual can direct his or her energy to plan the steps and act.And often，just the planning of the action helps to reduce the stress，because it reduces the worrying.And also the results of the plans or action may serve to remove or weaken the original cause of the stress.Please notice that I just now said“when appropriate”.And this next suggestion has to do with that idea of when appropriate.The third suggestion was to make plans and act when appropriate，rather than just sit around and worry.But the fourth plan，or fourth idea，says to learn to accept situations which are out of your control.These two then go hand in hand.You can make plans and act when it’s appropriate，but when it’s not appropriate，or when it’s impossible，the only way is to learn to accept that some things are unchangeable and out of your hands.So，for example，if you are in traffic，lateness caused by traffic is out of your hands.There’s no sense in getting really crazy about that.If you do so，it only increases your stress to waste energy trying to resist what’s inevitable or what can’t be avoided.The last item that psychologistssuggest is to pace your activities.By“pace”，I mean giving yourself some manageable tasks to do at a reasonable speed.That is，you go at a speed that you can handle，break your task into manageable parts，rather than try to deal with the whole task all at once.So，as an example in your lives as students，a whole term paper might feel overwhelming.But if you say to yourself，today I’m going to the library and gather resources，tomorrow，I’m going to read three articles，and so on，you’ll have broken this one large task，that’s writing a term paper，down into many smaller and more manageable tasks.This will certainly reduce your stress.Ok.Having said all these，I want you to remember that the problem is not in the stressful experiences themselves.We all experience stress and stressful events.The problem is in our reactions to these experiences.And each of us has our own limits for stress and our own ways of coping with stress.So long as we have our own appropriate ways，stress or stressful situations can certainly be dealt with.Ok.That’s all for today’s lecture.See you next week.16.Why should individuals monitor themselves for stress signals?（重复居多正确原则）17.What is the first important way to deal with stress properly?（注意同义替换）18.What does the psychologist mean by“pacing the activities”?（所听所得原则）第二篇（音频2）：（201813.51-17.50）Questions16to18are based on the recording you have just heard.16.A）About half of current jobs might be automated.B）The jobs of doctors and lawyers would be threatened.C）The job market is becoming somewhat unpredictable.D）Machine learning would prove disruptive by2013.17.A）They are widely applicable for massive open online courses.B）They are now being used by numerous high school teachers.C）They could read as many as10，000essays in a single minute.D）They could grade high-school essays just like human teacher.18.A）It needs instructions throughout the process.B）It does poorly on frequent，high-volume tasks.C）It has to rely on huge amounts of previous data.D）It is slow when it comes to tracking novel things.Section C Recording One听力原文：Here is my baby niece Sarah.Her mum is a doctor and her dad is a lawyer.By the time Sarah goes to college，the jobs her parents do are going to look dramatically different.In2013，researchers at Oxford University did a study on the future of work.[16]They concluded that almost one in every two jobs has a high risk of being automated by machines.Machine learning is the technology that’s responsible for most of this disruption.It’s the most powerful branch of artificial intelligence.It allows machines to learn from data and copy some of the things that humans can do.My company，Kaggle，operates on the cutting edge of machine learning.We bring together hundreds of thousands of experts to solve important problems for industry and academia.This gives us a unique perspective on what machines can do，what they can’t do and what jobs they might automate or threaten.Machine learning started making its way into industry in the early90s. It started with relatively simple tasks.It started with things like assessing credit risk from loan applications，sorting the mail by reading handwritten zip codes.Over the past few years，we have made dramatic breakthroughs.Machine learning is now capable of far，far more complex tasks.In2012，Kaggle challenged its community to build a program that could grade high-school essays.[17]The winning programs were able to match the grades given by human teachers.Now，given the right data，machines are going to outperform humans at tasks like this.A teacher might read10，000essays over a40-year career.A machine can read millions of essays within minutes.We have no chance of competing against machines on frequent high-volume tasks，but there are things we can do that machines cannot.Where machines have made very little progress is in tackling novel situations.Machines can’t handle things they haven’t seen many times before.[18]The fundamental limitation of machine learning is that it needs to learn from large volumes of past data.But humans don’t.We have the ability to connect seemingly different threads to solve problems we’ve never seen before.16.What did the researchers at Oxford University conclude?17.What do we learn about Kaggle company’s winning programs?18.What is the fundamental limitation on machine learning?第三篇（音频3）Questions19to21are based on the recording you have just heard.（注意：当很难听懂时，根据已知中心猜测答案）19.A）The engineering problems with solar power.B）The generation of steam with the latest technology.C）The importance of exploring new energy sources.D）The theoretical aspects of sustainable energy.20.A）Drive trains with solar energy.B）Upgrade the city’s train facilities.C）Build a new ten-kilometer railway line.D）Cut down the city’s energy consumption.21.A）Build a tank for keeping calcium oxide.B）Find a new material for storing energy.C）Recover super-heated steam.D）Collect carbon dioxide gas.Recording Two听力原文：We’ve talked recently about the importance of sustainable energy.[19]We’ve also talked about the different theories on how that can be done.So far，our discussions have all been theoretical.Now I have a practical question for you all.Can you run a140，000-kilogram train on just the steam generated by solar power?Well，one engineer，Tim Kasselman，believes it’s possible. And his home city of Sacramento，California should see the technology’s first test.As part of the upgrading of its rail yard，Kasselman，who is an inventor and self-proclaimed“steam visionary’’，is campaigning for a new steam train that runs without any fire and could run on an existing ten-kilometer line，driving tourists and perhaps offering city commuters a green alternative to their cars.[20]Kasselman wants to build an array of solar magnifying mirrors at one end of the line to collect and focus heat onto water-filled tubes.This would generate steam that could be used to fill tanks on a small steam train without the use of fire.“Supplying power to trains in this way would offer the shortest distance from well to wheels，”he says，“with the least amount of energy lost.”According to Harry Vallentine，a Canadian engineer who is researching modem steam technology，a special tank measuring2by10metres could store over750kilowatt hours of energy as high pressure steam，enough to pull a two-cart train for an hour or so.Energy to drive a steam locomotive can be stored in other materials besides water.[21]For example，a team at Tohoku University in Japan has studied materials that can store large amounts of heat.When heated，these materials turn from a solid into a liquid，absorbing energy as they change phase.The liquid is maintained above its melting point until steam is required，at which point the liquid is allowed to turn back into a solid，releasing its stored energy.Another team at Nagoya University in Japan has tested calcium compound as an energy storage material.Heating this chemical compound drives off carbon dioxide gas，leaving calcium oxide.The gas can be stored under pressure in a tank.To recover the energy，the gas is fed back over the calcium oxide.“In theory，’’says Vallentine，“this can create a high enough temperature to generate super-heated steam.”19.What has the speaker previously talked about?20.What is Tim Kasselman trying to do in Sacramento?21.What has a Japanese research team tried to do?第四篇（音频4）Questions22to25are based on the recording you have just heard.22.A）The lack of supervision by both the nation and local government.B）The impact of the current economic crisis at home and abroad.C）The poor management of day centers and home help services.D）The poor relation between national health and social care services.23.A）It was mainly provided by voluntary services.B）It mainly caters to the need of the privileged.C）It called for a sufficient number of volunteers.D）It has deteriorated over the past sixty years.24.A）Their longer lifespans.B）Fewer home helpers available.C）Their preference for private services.D）More of them suffering serious illness.25.A）They are unable to pay for health services.B）They have long been discriminated against.C）They are vulnerable to illness and diseases.D）They have contributed a great deal to society.Recording Three听力原文：Today’s crisis in care for older people in England has two main causes.First，people are living longer with a lot more complex needs.[22]Second，they rely on a system that has long been marked by a poor relation between national health and social care services.Current services originate in two key measures.They are the National Health Service and the 1948National Assistance Act.This required local governments to provide residential accommodation for older people and supervise care homes run by independent organizations.They also provided home and community services including meals，day centers and home helpers and other subsidized services.The National Health Service was free and wholly publicly provided.It delivered the best health care for all.No such vision guided residential and community care though.[23]The care was substantially provided by voluntary services，which worked together with local authorities as they long had with eligibility based on income.Today，life expectancy has risen from66for a male at birth in1948to around80now.In addition，there is better overall health and improved medical knowledge and care.This means an unprecedentednumber of people are surviving longer in conditions requiring expert support.Families provide at least as much care as they ever did.Even so，they can rarely without subsidized support address serious personal needs.Care for older people faced persistent criticism as these trends became apparent.From the early1960s，local authorities were required to plan health and welfare services. The aim was to enable older people to remain in their own homes for as long as possible，but this increased concern about the lack of coordination between free health and paid-for social care. Through the1970s，a number of measures sought to improve matters.However，at a time of financial crisis，funding diminished and little changed.[24]In the1980s，the government cut spending.Meanwhile，preference for private over public services made management even more difficult.Simultaneously，the number of sick older people ernments emphasized the need to improve services.They did so though while doing little to stop the erosion of available aid. Services were irregular across authorities.Unless you were prepared to pay，they were increasingly difficult to obtain for any but the most severely disabled.Why has60years of criticism produced so little change?[25]Discrimination against older people has a long history.Additionally，those affected by inadequate health and social care are too vulnerable to launch the protests that have addressed other forms of discrimination.22.What is one cause of the current crisis in care for the elderly in England?23.What does the speaker say about residential and community care?24.What made management of care for the elderly more difficult in the1980s?25.What does the speaker say about older people in England?第三章长对话总策略：真题演练第一篇：（音频5：0-3.45秒）Questions1to4are based on the conversation you have just heard.1.A）It can benefit professionals and non-professionals alike.B）It lists the various challenges physicists are confronting.C）It describes how some mysteries of physics were solved.D）It is one of the most fascinating physics books ever written.2.A）Physicists’contribution to humanity.B）Stories about some female physicists.C）Historical evolution of modem physics.D）Women‘s changing attitudes to physics.3.A）By exposing a lot of myths in physics.B）By describing her own life experiences.C）By including lots of fascinating knowledge.D）By telling anecdotes about famous professors.4.A）It avoids detailing abstract concepts of physics.B）It contains a lot of thought-provoking questions.C）It demonstrates how they can become physicists.D）It provides experiments they can do themselves.听力原文：M：Hey，I just read a great book about physics.I think you’d like it.It’s called The Physics of the World.It’s written by a scientist named Sylvia Mendez.W：Oh，I read that book.It was great.The writer is a warm and competent guide to the mysteries of physics.[1]I think it promises enrichment for any reader from those who know little about science to the career physicist.M：And it’s refreshing to see a strong，curious，clever woman adding her voice to the scientific discourse and a field that has been traditionally dominated by man.[2]I think she is to be commended for making an effort to include anecdotes about little known female scientists.You know，they were often victims of a generation firmly convinced that the woman’s place was in the home.W：[3]I like how the book is clearly written with each chapter brought to life by pieces of fascinating knowledge.For example，in one chapter she exposes a myth that I’ve heard taught by university physics professors.I’ve often heard that medieval glass windows are thicker at the bottom because glass flows like a fluid.This，she shows，is not true.The distortion is actually thanks to a peculiarity of the glassmakers’process.M：[4]Yeah，I like how she cultivates scientific engagement by providing a host of“Do It Yourself’experiments that bring the same foundational principles of classical physics that govern everything from the solar system to your kitchen table，from using complex laws of physics to test whether a spinning egg is cooked to measuring atmospheric pressure by lifting a piece of cardboard. Her hands-on examples make her book a truly interactive read.W：Yes，I must say this equation-free book is an ideal read for scientists of all stripes，anyone teaching science and even people who dislike physics.1.What does the woman say about the book the man recommended?2.What can we find in the book the man recom-mended?3.How does the author bring her book to life?4.How does the book cultivate readers’interest in physics?真题演练第二篇（音频6：3.45-7分0秒）Questions5to8are based on the conversation you have just heard.5.A）He is too busy to finish his assignment in time.B）He does not know what kind of topic to write on.C）He does not understand the professor’s instructions.D）He has no idea how to proceed with his dissertation.6.A）It is too broad.B）It is outdated.C）It is challenging.D）It is interesting.7.A）Biography.B）Nature.C）Photography.D）Beauty.8.A）Improve his cumulative grade.B）Develop his reading ability.C）Stick to the topic assigned.D）List the parameters first.听力原文：M：Hi，professor.I was hoping I could have a moment of your time if you’re not too busy.[5] I’m having some problems getting started on my dissertation and I was hoping you could give me some advice on how to begin.W：Sure，I have quite a few students though.So can you remind me what your topic is?M：The general topic I chose is aesthetics，but that’s as far as I’ve got.I don’t really know where to go from there.W：Yeah，[6]that’s much too large a topic.You really need to narrow it down in order to make it more accessible.Otherwise，you’ll be writing a book.M：Exactly.That’s what I wanted to ask you about.I was hoping it would be possible for me to change topics.[7]I’m really more interested in nature than beauty.W：[8]I’m afraid you have to adhere to the assigned topic.Still，if you’re interested in nature，then that certainly can be worked into your dissertation.We’ve talked about Hume before in class，right?M：Oh，yeah，he’s the philosopher who wrote about where our ideas of beauty come from.W：Exactly.I suggest you go to the library and get a copy of his biography.Start from there，but remember to stick to the parameters of the assignment.This paper is a large part of your cumulative grade，so make sure to follow the instructions.If you take a look at his biography，you can get a good idea of how his life experiences manifest themselves in his theories of beauty，specifically，the way he looked towards nature as the origin of what we find beautiful.M：Great.Thanks for taking the time to answer my questions，professor.I’ll let you get back to class now.W：If there’s anything else you need，please come see me in my office any time.5.What is the man’s problem?6.What does the professor think of the man’s topic?7.What is the man really more interested in?8.What does the professor say the man has to do?真题练习第四篇（音频7）19.A）A notice by the electricity boardB）Ads promoting electric appliancesC）The description of a thief in disguiseD）A new policy on pensioners’welfare总结：20.A）Speaking with a proper accentB）Wearing an official uniformC）Making friends with themD）Showing them his ID总结：21.A）To be on the alert when being followedB）Not to leave senior citizens alone at homeC）Not to let anyone in without an appointmentD）To watch out for those from the electricity board总结：22.A）She was robbed near the parking lotB）All her money in the bank disappearedC）The pension she had just drawn was stolenD）She was knocked down in the post office总结：19.what does the woman want the man to read in the newspaper?20.How did the man mentioned in the newspaper try to win further trust from the victims?21.what is the warning form the police?22.what does the woman speaker tell us about the old lady第四章短文听力短文总策略：真题演练第一篇（音频8；2018.7分-10分22）Questions9to11are based on the passage you have just heard.9.A）The unprecedented high temperature in Greenland.B）The collapse of ice on the northern tip of Greenland.C）The unusual cold spell in the Arctic area in October.D）The rapid change of Arctic temperature within a day.10.A）It has created a totally new climate pattern.B）It will pose a serious threat to many species.C）It typically appears about once every ten years.D）It has puzzled the climate scientists for decades.11.A）Extinction of Arctic wildlife.B）Ice less summers in the Arctic.C）Emigration of indigenous people.D）Better understanding of ecosystems.During the Arctic winter from October to March，the average temperature in the frozen north typically hovers around minus20degrees Celsius.But this year，the Arctic is experiencing much higher temperatures.[9]On February20，temperature in Greenland climbed above freezing or zero degree Celsius and it stayed there for over24hours.Then on February24，the temperature on Greenland’s northern tip reached six degrees Celsius.Climate scientists describe the phenomenon as stunning.[10]Weather conditions that drive this bizarre temperature surge have visited the Arctic before. They typically appear about once in a decade.However，the last such increase in temperature took place two years ago.This is troubling as climbing Arctic temperatures combined with rapid sea ice loss are creating a new type of climate feedback loop，which could accelerate Arctic warming.Indeed，sea ice cover in the Arctic is melting faster than expected.Without those masses of cooling sea ice，warm air brought to the Arctic can penetrate further inland than it ever did before. The air can stay warmer，longer too.This drives additional melting.Overall，earth is warming at a rapid pace.2014through2017rank as the hottest years on record and the Arctic is warming twice as fast as any place else on earth.This raises unique challenges for Arctic wildlife and indigenous people，who depend on Arctic ecosystems to survive. Previously，climate forecasts predicted that Arctic summer ice would disappear entirely by around 2060，[11]but based on what scientists are seeing now，the Arctic may be facing summers without ice within20years.9.What did climate scientists describe as stunning?10.What does the passage say about the temperature surge in the Arctic?11.What may occur in20years according to scientists’recent observations?真题演练第二篇（音频9.7分-10分22）Questions12to15are based on the passage you have just heard.12.A）A good start.B）A detailed plan.C）A strong determination.D）A scientific approach.13.A）Most people get energized after a sufficient rest.B）Most people tend to have finite source of energy.C）It is vital to take breaks between demanding mental tasks.D）It is most important to have confidence in one’s willpower.14.A）They could keep on working longer.B）They could do more challenging tasks.C）They found it easier to focus on work at hand.D）They held more positive attitudes toward life.15.A）They are part of their nature.B）They are subject to change.C）They are related to culture.D）They are beyond control.听力原文：[12]A good dose of willpower is often necessary to see any task through，whether it，s sticking to a spending plan or finishing a great novel.And if you want to increase that willpower，a new study suggests，you just simply have to believe you have it.[13]According to the study，what matters most is what we think about our willpower.If we believe it’s a finite resource，we act that。
大学英语六级语法辅导讲义
大学英语六级语法辅导讲义大学英语六级语法辅导讲义To read without reflecting is like eating without digesting.以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的大学英语六级语法辅导讲义，希望能给大家带来帮助!全部倒装在大学级别的考试中，应用是非常广泛的，包括在阅读、完形、写作以及翻译当中;总共分为两种形式：全部倒装和部分倒装全部倒装:主谓宾构成了正常的语序，把谓语动词提到了动词的前面，谓语动词直接发生在主语之前，那么就是全部倒装。
另外一种情况就是，仍然是主、谓、宾结构，谓语动词都有时态、人称的变化，把谓语动词上的助动词提到了主语的前面，这个就叫做部分倒装。
全部倒装的情况：1. The bus is coming here.Here comes the bus. 进行时态在变为倒装的时候要变为一般现在时。
2. Students went away.Away went students.3. The boy rushed out.Out rushed the boy. here/away/out/ 在英语当中称作方位副词或时间副词。
①当首句为方位或时间副词，谓语动词为go，come等时通常用全部倒装。
如果是进行时态的话，倒装后要改为一般现在时。
Then came the hour we had been looking forward to. 方位副词或时间副词置于句首② 如果句首出现了地点状语，句子也可以进行全部倒装。
The old man lives in the city center.In the city center lives the old man.A temple stands on the mountain .On the mountain stands a temple.③ 当句子当中出现分词结构的时候，可以把现在分词或过去分词和地点状语联系在一起放在句首，把be 动词留在中间当作谓语动词，主语放在后面。
六级讲义
听力资料的选择:1.听力原题2.TOEFL的听力3.《走遍美国》.《探索》.《国家地理》类型题:比如:Would you go to dance with me tonight?去不去干…回答Yes/No.以及理由.Would you go with us? Would you join us? Would you go with me? Do you wanna come? Wanna come?应试听力提高的三个层次:1.听懂原文2.搞清考题之间的类型关系3.判断出是什么考题听力遇到的问题一.语音问题:连读:跟读提高口语,考试时不太重要,注意听重读.二.态度方向.三.口语话问题.语气(升降调.重读)考校园生活:学生:异性(同学关系).同性(室友关系)口语词汇tape胶带(邮局场景); cassette磁带; project作业=assignment; awful糟糕的; terrific特棒的; awesome特棒的; I see.我明白; I can tell that.我能看得出; I understand that.我听说; I have got ...我有…; have to=have got to(gotta); be going to=be gonna; want to=wanna; tell him; I'll take this book.表示买; I won't buy that.我不信.buy=believe四.场景问题:1.如何出考题2.如何判断场景(场景线索词)例如:book(校内:Library; 校外:bookstore) textbook, dictionary, magazine, reference book, bibliography, manager,order--bookstore解题思路:比如:traffic: traffic jam; car: break downBut题型(3-4个题目):but前的话没用,but是关键,but后面的句子是正确选项.例题:P25-5-Test 1-P100A)He has some work to do.B)The woman is going to do that.C)His boss is coming to see him.D)He doesn’t feel like eating a ny bread today.W:I wonder if you have time to go to the food store today. We have almost run out of bread.M:You’ d better do that. I haven’t got my report ready yet, but my boss needs it tomorrow.Q:Why isn’t the man going to do the shopping?注:1.第二人回答都是充满遗憾. 2.run out of 用完,没有常用的动词非常简单:take; make; go; win; let; have口语中常用短语:1.mess脏乱His dormitory is in a big mess. 2.meet=come across=run into=bang into遇见. happen to meet 恰巧碰到 3.与动词搭配使用最多的是out,因为out代表一种极端的状态,很彻底. run out of用完了; check out借书; 办理出院手续; 彻底检查; 退房(check in开房); 结帐离开; wear out穿破; be worn out破旧; 疲惫; make out辨认出; figure out 想清楚,弄明白; She has a figure that kills.身材很棒; She has a face that kills.长得非常漂亮; work out想清楚,弄明白,解决问题; (gym场景)拼命锻炼; help out帮个大忙; find out打听,查明真相; dine out外出吃饭,下馆子; cafeteria饭堂,自助餐厅(学校的饭菜不好吃); cook out在外野餐; hang out闲逛; turnout(to be)事实证明[P25-8]A)He can’t find his new apartment.B)He had a bigger apartment before.C)He finds the new apartment too big for him.D)He’s having a hard time finding an apartment.W:How do you find your new apartment?M:Well, it’s quite nice really, although I have a hard time getting used to living in a big place.Q:What is the man’s problem?注:1.dormitory宿舍apartment公寓laboratory secretary 房子难找; 房租贵; 房太吵2.How do you find ...=How do you like...3.be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事选项中找be accustomed to doing sth.或adapt used to do sth过去常常选项中找was always 或找否定句+now[P28-6]A)He meant she should make a phone call if anything went wrong.B)He meant for her just to wait till help came.C)He was afraid something would go wrong with her car.D)He promised to give her help himself.W:Could you tell me what I should do if my car breaks down?M:Well, I'm sure you won't have any trouble, Mrs.Smith, but if something should happen, just call this number. They'll see that you get help.Q:What does the man really mean?注:谈论车的最大话题一定是坏掉break down.[P28-8]A)He has edited three books.B)He has bought the wrong book.C)He has lost half of his money.D)He has found the book that will be used.M:Hey, Louise, I've got a used copy of our chemistry textbook for half price.W:I'm afraid you wasted your money, yours is the first edition, but we're supposed to be using the third edition. Q:What has the man done?注:used book二手书,旧书对话发生的时间一般是开学或期末.开学:orientation新生培训freshman/ fresher大一新生sophomore大二junior大三senior大四期末:考试.突击熬夜.失眠.吃药.抢救[P30-1]A)She wants to return the skirt her husband bought.B)She wants to buy another skirt.C)She wants to change the yellow skirt for a blue one.D)She wants to change the blue skirt for a yellow one.M:Now, what's your problem, Madam?W:Oh, yes. My husband bought this yellow skirt here yesterday. It is very nice, but it's not the colour. I want. Have you got any blue ones?Q:What does the woman want to do?注:1.蓝色情节:blue服装最喜欢的颜色dark blue深蓝light blue浅蓝navy blue海军蓝navy常用这个词表示蓝色pink 红色习惯用这个词表示2.羊毛情节wool: down jacket羽绒服[P33-5]A)It's too windy.B)The people there are terrible.C)The air is polluted.D)The beaches are dirty.W:The place I've heard so much about is Los Angeles. The climate is pretty good. Year-round flowers, year-round swimming. How do you like it?M:Well, the beaches are beautiful. But the people there are terribly annoyed by the dirty air. I mean, the combination of fog, smoke and automobile exhaust. There is not enough wind to blow it away.Q:What does the man think of Los Angeles?注:选项B不可能为正确选项.[P36-4]A)The apartment is better furnished.B)She prefers to live in a quiet place.C)It's less expensive to live in an apartment.D)She finds her roommates difficult to get along with.M:I hear you are moving to an apartment. Can you tell me why?W:Actually, I didn’t want to move. It would be more expensive to live outside the college. But I just can’t bear the noise made by the people living next door.Q:Why does the woman want to move?住房场景:1.房难找2.房租太贵3.房太吵注:1.口语中现在进行时表将要 2.must表猜测have got to do 表应该,必须[P36-7]A)He didn't buy anything.B)He got some medicine for his foot.C)He was sick and couldn't go shopping.D)He bought everything except the football.W:Did you go shopping this afternoon?M:Yes, but all I got was a sore foot.Q:What does the man mean?注:sore foot脚疼sore throat嗓子疼[P36-9]A)She didn't know her daughter could sing so well.B)She sings better than her daughter. C)She doesn't like her daughter.D)She herself doesn't have a good voice.M:I heard your daughter sing at the school concert last night. She has a lovely voice, I must say.W:Thank you, but I don’t know where she gets it.Q:What does the woman probably mean?[P36-10]A)He finds history books difficult to understand.B)He has to read a lot of history books.C)He doesn't like the history course.D)He has lost his history book.W:Why are you so tired and upset?M:I’ve been taking the history course this term.But the trouble is that I’ll never get through the reading list.Q:Why is the man worried?作业: 1.paper论文; newspaper报纸;文件;纸research查询资料(library) 2.presentation口头报告=report, speech, address着装正式; 心里感受nervous interview面试(也需正式着装)3.reading assignment阅读作业reading list读书清单对作业的评价一定是抱怨写论文的步骤:1.选题2.查资料3.打印充满遗憾:谈论交通--堵车; 谈论车--坏掉; 谈论买票--卖光; 谈论接人--晚点; 谈论野餐--下雨写论文的困难:1.题目难选2.资料难查3.打字困难(机房总被占)typewriter(break down坏了; ribbon色带), printer, laser printer, laptop,三个基本思路:一.学习话题:学几门课,课程难不难,课的进展,考试如何,作业如何,老师怎样,实验课怎样,图书馆怎样…; 回答:基本上都是抱怨二.生活话题:穷,省钱,购物一定要bargain,带学生证,例如:1.I want to make a long distance call. When is the best time?2.Maybe I ought to subscribe to the journal.捐献; 定购订阅.Why don't you save the money and read it in the library?3.A)To wear a heavy sweater to the game.B)To postpone the game. C)To change tickets.D)To watch the game at home.三.混合话题,但忙于学习.场景题:选项的特点:1.地点; 2.to do表目的; 3.-ing; 4.A and B结构,人物关系提问特点:What, Where, When, Who总结重点:出题思路; 判断场景的线索词; 例如:fine罚款(校外交通; 校内图书馆)cashier出纳(各个场景) teller(银行)出纳员ATM(Automatic Teller Machine)[P24-1]A)He is still being treated in the hospital.B)He has had an operation.C)He’ll rest at home for another two weeks.D)He returned to work last week.M:How is your father, Mary? The last time I came to see you, you were about to take him to the hospital.W:He came home last week. The operation was very successful. The doctor said he’ d almost recovered and could go back to work next week.Q:What did the woman say about her father?注:be about to do正要做某事医院场景:1.医生难找2.病情如何3.有病耽误课miss the class 缺课的原因:1.生病get ill 2.睡过头over sleep 3.traffic(车坏了,或者交通的问题)医院的线索词:operation手术infirmary(校内)医务室; cafeteria 饭堂; tuition学费treat, treatment治疗(过程) cure治愈(结果)[study,learn; search,find; try,manage] clinic诊所ward病房student health center学生健康中心medical center医疗中心prescribe开处方preview预习interview面试international国际的fill the prescription抓药refill the prescription再抓药check out办理出院手续emergency department急诊室[P24-3]A)To meet Tom Wang. B)To work in his office.C)To go to hospital. D)To attend a meeting.M:This is Tom Wang speaking. Could you tell me Mr.Smith’s schedule for tomorrow? I would like to meet him at his convenience.W:Let me see. He’ll go to see his doctor at 8, and chair a meeting at 10 in the morning. Well, he will be in the office the whole afternoon.Q:What does Mr.Smith plan to do at 10 o’clock tomorrow morning?注:chair主持打电话场景:1.约人肯定约不到make an appointment(约医生)2.约会去不了:come up突然来临reschedule重新安排时间fit me in安排3.电话打不通,打错电话:run out of coin硬币用光cut off通话被中断hang up挂断电话receiver听筒hook挂钩telephone book电话簿yellow pages电话簿yellow press色情出版物dial the number打电话打电话步骤:look up the number in the telephone; pick up the receiver; drop the coins in the slot投币孔; dial the number you wanted.[P25-4]A)She was afraid she might be kept too late.B)She would have something more important to do.C)She had to meet a friend of hers.D)She was not in the mood to attend the party.W:Hello, Steve. This is Susan. I’m afraid I won’t be able to come to the party. I was just asked to go to a meeting.M:Do come after your meeting, Susan. Our party won’t be over until midnight.Q:Why did the woman say that she could not join in the party? 注:be in the mood to do sth.愿意做某事,有这种心情做某事[P25-9]A)To write a check. B)To find a telephone number.C)To ring up somebody.D)To check the telephone service.W:I’m sorry, but the number you are dialing is not in service. M:But that’s impossible.I just spoke to him this morning. Could you please check it for me?Q:What is the man trying to do?注:operator接线员[P27-2]A)The woman is being interviewed by a reporter.B)The woman is asking for a promotion.C)The woman is applying for a job.D)The woman is being given an examination.M:Now, I'm going to start off by asking you a difficult question. Why would you like to get this post?W:Well-first of all I know that your firm has a very good reputation. Then I've heard you offer good opportunities for promotion for the right person.Q:What do we know from this conversation?工作场景:1.找到工作高兴2.失去工作伤心3.拒绝工作奇怪(主动拒绝令人感到奇怪)找工作的步骤:1.信息来源:newspaper报纸:classified ad.分类广告, help and wanted section供求关系版bulletin board公告板flier传单 2.打电话确认3.准备简历 4.面试:携带证明identification 证书certificate 确定你是否有资格qualification(be qualified for some post; be up to 胜任) 推荐信reference letter[P27-3]A)His car was hit by another car.B)He was hurt while playing volleyball.C)He fell down the stairs.D)While crossing the street, he was hit by a car.W:Did you hear Mike is in hospital with head injuries and a broken arm?M:Yes, apparently he was struck by another vehicle and turned completely over.Q:What happened to Mike?[P27-4]A)Took a photo of him.B)Bought him a picture. C)Held a birthday party.D)Bought him a frame for his picture.M:Could you help me to decide what I should buy for my brother's birthday?W:Remember, you took a picture of him at his last birthday party? Why not buy him a frame so that he can fix the picture in it.Q:What did the man do last year for his brother's birthday? 注:提醒模式remember, first, today, now(right now)[P31-5]A)Women's rights in society.B)The woman's job is a librarian.C)An important election. D)Career planning.W:We all talk about how liberated we are, but in fact women are still not equally treated.M:I don't think so. You've got the vote, you've got your careers-I think you've got everything important.Q:What are they arguing about?注:liberated自由的,被解放了的free免费的(选项中反义替换pay),有空闲时间的(选项中反义替换busy) Statue of Liberty 自由女神[P31-6]A)She totally agrees with him.B)She thinks it is easier said than done.C)She feels that what he says is simply nonsense.D)She thinks that he is rather impolite person.M:It's partly your own fault. You should never let in anyone like that unless you're expecting him.W:It's all very well to say that, but someone comes to the door and says "electricity" or "gas" and you automatically think he is OK, especially if he shows you a card.Q:How does the woman feel about the man's remarks?注:fault过失针对责备场景:It's all very well to say that.说起来容易.It is easier said than done.说起来容易,做起来难.[P33-7]A)The woman thanks the man for his efforts.B)The woman thinks that everything was all right.C)The woman blames the man for his absence.D)The woman doesn't think it was the man's fault.M:Look, I'm sorry I didn't turn up for the match yesterday, but it wasn't really my fault, you know.W:It's all very well saying it wasn't your fault, but thanks to you we lost 10 to 1.Q:What do we learn from the conversation?注:thank to由于[P44-2]A)He is not to blame. B)It was his fault.C)He will accept all responsibility.D)He will be more careful next time.W:What an accident! If you had been careful, things would not be as they are.M:What do you mean, it was my fault? If it were, surely I would take all responsibility for it.Q:What does the man mean?[P31-8]A)On the 6th of June. B)On the 8th of June.C)On the 9th of June. D)On the 19th of June.M:I'd like to make two reservations on Flight 651 for June 8th. W:I'm sorry, we're booked up on the 8th.But we still have a few seats available on the 9th.Q:When does the man want to leave?注:1.make reservation预定,保留2.be booked up被定光be filled充满了be full of充满了be taken被占用机场场景:1.票已售完 2.接人晚点3.送人伤感机场线索词:airplane飞机flight航班take off起飞land降落circle盘旋wing机翼;建筑物的侧楼;博物馆侧面展厅;翅膀terminal终端机(computer);终点站;候机大厅[P33-3]A)The cause of the flood.B)The heroic fight against a flood.C)The effects of the flood.D)Floods of the past twenty years.M:This has been the worst flood for the past 20 years. It has caused much damage and destruction.W:Look at the prices of fruits and vegetables. No wonder they are so expensive.Q:What are they talking about?注:两个选项正好相反,一定有一个为正确的选项.自然灾害的影响一定严重.天气一定是极端的天气.[P33-4]A)They waited for each other at different places.B)They were both busy doing their own work.C)They went to the street corner at different times.D)The man went to the concert but the woman didn't.W:George, where were you yesterday evening? I expected to see you at the concert.M:Oh, I waited for you at the corner of your street. Then I looked for you at your flat, but the housekeeper said you were out.Q:Why didn't they meet that evening?注:flat(英)公寓=apartment(美) sneaker运动鞋(美) trainer运动鞋(英) sweat shirt运动衫(美) jersey运动衫(英)corn玉米(美) maize玉米(英) church教堂(美) chapel教堂,小礼拜堂(英) cathedral天主教大教堂(美) luggage行李(美) baggage行李(英) bang头发刘海(美) fringe头发刘海(英)[P33-6]A)In Mexico. B)In New Mexico. C)In the city.D)In California.M:I'd like to make an appointment to see Dr.Smith tomorrow. W:I' m sorry. Dr.Smith went on a one-week vacation in Mexico, and on his way back he'll be staying in California for 5 days. Let me see. He'll probably be back the day after tomorrow.Q:Where is Dr.Smith now?[P34-9]A)The credit hours required for an M.A.degree.B)The requirements of an M.A.degree.C)Getting extra credits.D)Taking more optional courses.M:You'll need 36 credit hours to get an M.A.degree.Fifteen must be from the English Department and fifteen from the Education Department. For the remaining six credit hours, you can either write a thesis or take two more optional courses. W:Right now, this is very confusing to me, but I'm sure I'll know what to do as I learn more about it.Q:What are they talking about?选课:take, take up, enroll in, register for, sign up for[P36-1]A)At home. B)In a phone box.C)In her office. D)In a friend's house.M:Please hold the line, Mrs.Smith. The doctor will talk to you in a minute.W:I’m afraid I may have to hang up.I don’t have any more coins and the line will be cut soon.Q:Where is Mrs.Smith most probably?打电话场景:1.约人约不到2.约会去不了 3.电话不通电话亭:telephone box; telephone toll; telephone booth; telephone stand; newsstand报亭vegetable stand菜摊stands 露天座位[P36-2]A)On the west side of a square.B)At the end of a street.C)To the east of the traffic light.D)On the east side of a square.M:Excuse me, but could you show me the way to the train station?W:Certainly. Go straight until you reach the traffic light, then turn left and you will see a square. The station is on the east side of it.Q:Where is the train station located?[P36-5]A)In a hospital. B)In a library.C)In a travel agency. D)In a restaurant.M:You can get a lot of practice in giving out tickets and handling hotel reservations. Later on, you can take telephone calls.W:That’s great! Thanks, Mr.Thomson.I’ll come to work tomorrow.Q:Where will the woman probably be working?旅行社:book tickets定票make hotel reservation订房[P36-6]A)Customer and salesperson. B)Teacher and student.C)Boss and secretary. D)Guest and waitress.M:Please make 20 copies of this and deliver them to the chief executive and heads of departments.W:Certainly, sir. They will find it on their desks tomorrow morning.Q:What is the probable relationship between the two speakers? 注:chief executive行政主管chief executive officer CEO[P39-2]A)Whether to employ the woman.B)Whether to take up the new job.C)Whether to ask for a raise.D)Whether to buy a new house.M:You know, I’ m just not too sure if the new salary will be high enough or even the new position is really what I want. Besides, I like the work that I am doing now.W:It sounds as though you’ve already made up your mind about what you are going to do.Q:What is the man thinking about?注:选课(take, take up, enroll in, register for, sign up for); 接受(take)[P39-3]A)A teacher. B)A psychologist.C)A librarian. D)A publisher.W:I’m looking for a textbook for my Psychology course. It’s called “Introduction to Educational Psychology”.Do you have it?M:Yes, we do. You’ll find it in Sec tion 24 on the top shelf. Q:What’s the man’s occupation?注:1.textbook教科书 2.introduction初级课程 3.shelf书架图书馆:reference room参考资料室periodical's room期刊室current issue当月期刊older issue过期期刊back issue过期期刊card catalog索引室,卡片检索put on reserve预留关于图书馆基本思路:1.想借的书借不到. 2.想还的书已过期. [P39-8]A)The woman enjoyed the movie very much.B)The woman saw a horror movie.C)The man asked the woman to be careful at night.D)The man went to the show with the woman.W:I still can’t get over the show last Saturday evening.I keep having frightening dreams all night.M:So, next time before you walk into a theatre, make sure what you are going to see.Q:What do we learn from this conversation?注:frightening dreams恶梦nightmare恶梦考试.交通对电影的评价基本上是负面的:It's a waste of time. It's a waste of money. It isn't worth the price of the admission. It has got an awful review.对音乐会的评价基本上是正面的[P41-2]A)It will take about one month to repair the watch.B)The woman should have saved more money.C)It is a good idea to keep the old watch.D)The watch is no longer worth repairing.W:I can’t figure out what’s wrong with my watch. It was just a month ago that I had it repaired.M:Don't waste your time and money any more. It's a very oldwatch and is quite worn out.Q:What does the man mean?思维:崇尚消费1.东西坏,扔了算了,买个新的2.修不如买东西方思维差异:1.崇尚消费2.提倡个人奋斗:借钱不借; 借笔记一般也不借3.重视钱4.饮食方面:apple pie一定好吃(代表美国的传统文化traditional American) This picnic is as American as apple pie.典型的美式野餐. apple pie virtue美国的传统美德I took the last one and it was out of theworld.Even my mother's can't match this. You wouldn't have to force me to take another helping. 5.不谦虚self-confidence 6.表达直接且理性,逻辑严紧注:1.figure out判断出2.worn out(物)破旧; (人)疲惫[P41-3]A)Arguing. B)Protesting. C)Complaining.D)Bargaining.M:Oh, what a morning! You know, I had so much work to do and the phone just kept ringing. Three salespecople called me this morning!W:I know how it is. I get a lot of calls too...even on weekends.Q:What are the two speakers doing?注:I know how it is.表示同情.I know how you feel.[P42-4]A)Families with cars.B)American's heavy dependence on cars.C)Roads and highways.D)Traffic problems in America.W:You Americans are funny! It seems as if you were married to your cars.M:Yeah, I guess that's true. The country is becoming one big highway. I was reading that there are about 4 million miles of roads and high ways in this country now.Q:What are they talking about?短对话,听到什么不选什么.段子题:听到什么选什么.[P42-5]A)The apples and pears might not be so good.B)The apples are not as good as the pears.C)The apples and pears are very good.D)The apples and pears are as good as they look.W:I intend to buy some fruit for the children. These apples and pears seem to be in season. I'll get two dozen of each.M:I hope they're as good as they look.Q:What does the man mean?注:1.pear梨pearl珍珠 2.be in season新鲜购物场景:supermarket超市(便宜,日常生活用品supplies) department store百货公司(贵,衣服,家用电器appliance)[P42-8]A)Customer and salesman. B)Colleagues.C)Employee and boss. D)Classmates.W:Hi! Jack. I just came back yesterday. Anything new while I was away?M:Congratulations, Susan.It's said you'll be promoted to manager and become my immediate boss.Q:What is most probably the relationship between the two speakers at the moment?注:1.immediate boss顶头上司2.employee雇员employer雇主interviewer面试者interviewee被面试者payer付款人payee收款人[P44-3]A)The man is a forgetful person.B)The typewriter is not new.C)The man can have the typewriter later.D)The man misunderstood her.M:Isn't that a new brand of typewriter you are working at? W:Oh, Bill. This isn't the first time you've asked me about it.Q:What does the woman imply?健忘:forgetful absentminded slip one's mindslipper拖鞋slippery光滑的害羞:shy embarrassed窘迫的; self-conscious自我意识的; keep to oneself ; keep one's mind/ thought; consciousness意识外向:outgoing; sociable; easygoing[P44-4]A)There will be heavy fog in all areas.B)There will be heavy rain by midnight.C)There will be heavy fog in the east.D)There will be fog in all areas by midnight.W:It's nearly 10 o'clock. Let's listen to the weather forecast.M:Here's the weather forecast. Fog is spreading from the east, and it'll affect all areas by midnight. It'll be heavy in some places.Q:What's the weather forecast?注:1.谈论天气一般极端不好. 2.fog大雾,浓雾mist薄雾shower阵雨pour倾盆大雨high wind大风gale狂风blizzard大风雪3.let up雨停了clear up天放晴warm up天变暖4.super hot特别热burning hot特别热freezing cold冰冷icy cold冰冷[P45-9]A)She has been dismissed for her poor performance.B)She has been fired by the company.C)She has been granted leave for one month.D)She has been offered a new job.M:I'm sorry to tell you that you needn't come next week. You know, sales of our company have been poor recently. W:I've always worked hard. Would you be kind enough to give me a month's time so that I can find a new job?Q:What has happened to the woman?工作场景:找到工作高兴; 失去工作伤心; 拒绝工作奇怪参见[P27-2][P47-1]A)To change the tennis shoes in the sportswear department.B)To help his friend find the right department.C)To find his lost shoes on the tennis court.D)To buy himself a pair of tennis shoes.M:Could you please tell me where I can find tennis shoes?W:Yes. You can get them in the sportswear department on the right side of the store.Q:What does the man want to do?参见[P42-5]注:department store一般会分楼层floor flour面粉网球:broken string球拍断线restring重新上线serve发球return回球forehand正手backhand反手[P48-7]A)The environmental problem.B)The health problem. C)The educational problem.D)The international problem.W:I wonder if our children will still be able to breath the clean air, drink clean water and see the blue sky.M:I agree with you. I think it's time man learned to live in harmony with the earth instead of just exploiting it.Q:What are they talking about?注:in harmony with与…和谐相处[P48-9]A)They think cinemas are too far away from their homes.B)They are disappointed with the films produced these days.C)They both dislike films about adventure stories.D)They both like the idea of going to the cinema at night.M:I used to go to the cinema a lot. It did make a nice night out, but not now.W:No, I don't either. There aren't any good adventurous stories like the movies they made when I was young.Q:What can be concluded from this conversation?注:1.film胶卷,电影2.have a nice night out在外面玩一宿[P50-1]A)Their parents cut back the loan.B)The woman doesn't want Frank to take another English course.C)They can't pay the rent this month.D)The woman's boss refused to give her a raise.W:Frank, we've got a problem. We don't have enough money to pay the rent this month. I think I'd better ask Mom and Dad for a loan, or ask my boss for a raise.M:Well, I don't know. But maybe I'd better not take another English course this semester.Q:What's the problem they are talking about?[P50-2]A)Ask Dr.Smith to alter his decision.B)Ask Dr.Smith to call the library.C)Get the book directly from Dr.Smith. D)Get Dr.Smith's written permission.M:May I take this book out? I need it to work on my paper for Dr.Smith's history class.W:I am afraid not. The book has been put on reserve by Dr.Smith. Unless you have his written permission, we won't let it out.Q:What should the man do to borrow the book?注:1.put on reserve保留 2.let it out借出去let us out下课meet上课break up下课;分手make up补考;重归于好flame 火焰old flame旧情人a big date周末玩通宵blind date经介绍的第一次约会stand sb. up放鸽子go steady正式确定情侣关系play the field恋爱不专一[P50-4]A)He feels unsympathetic. B)He feels it's a pity.C)He feels it's unfair. D)He feels glad.W:By the way, did you hear that Jack failed the midterm English exam? It' s too bad because it'll disqualify him for next year's scholarship.M:He deserved it. He's never really studied since last semester.Q:How does the man feel about Jack's failing the exam?注:He deserved it.他活该.语气词总结:1.糟糕系列:It's too bad. What a pity! tough luck It's really tough. Oh no! Uh-uh shit fuck; 2.吃惊系列:Boy. Man. Oh my. Oh dear. Oh my goodness.Wow; 3.赞美系列:terrific awesome fantastic wonderful cool super cool ultra cool; 4.赞同系列:Yeah. You bet.Ah-huh; 5.否定系列: Nope.6.脏话系列:dummy笨蛋idiot白痴moron白痴jerk废物asshole混蛋S.O.B. son of bitch段子题:忽视题裁,重视结构一.提前看选项:找出相同词,确定文章讨论范围; 找数字,准备记录,听到什么选什么(短对话中数字题需要计算,听到什么不选什么).[P28-One]11.A)They often take place in her major industries.B)British trade unions are more powerful.C)There are more trade union members in Britain.D)Britain loses more working days through strikes every year.12.A)Such strikes are against the British law.B)Such strikes are unpredictable.C)Such strikes involve workers from different trades.D)Such strikes occur frequently these days.13.A)Trade unions in Britain are becoming more popular.B)Most strikes in Britain are against the British law.C)Unofficial strikes in Britain are easier to deal with now.D)Employer- worker relations in Britain have become tenser. [P37-Two]15.A)He has always lived in America.B)He has been in America for three years.C)He visited America three years ago.。
六#级精品班讲义
CET6综合高分班电子教材教材说明：本电子教材word文档的顺序跟老师的声音完全一样，学员只需顺序来学习即可。
请提前预习、认真学习、及时复习，祝广大学子考试取得成功！一：六级考试几大题型各自的比重安排：1.听力35%2.阅读35%3.写作15%4.改错、完型10%5.翻译5%二：与单词有关的准备六级考试在06年12月底公布的最新大纲中指出：新六级的词汇增加到了5500左右。
其中4500是新四级考试的规定。
（1）单词对六级考试的影响和作用（2）背单词的方法1：边听边背单词法2：词汇书A：选六级词汇书的两个必要条件a：要具备六级考试中5500的词汇量b：词汇书一定要配有朗读的磁带3：准备笔记本三：综合部分题的特点：（改错或完型填空）完型和改错难点：1：做题时间减少如何在四五分内做好题2：考的方面广：单词辨析固定搭配常见语法现象上下文逻辑推理四：改错大纲的要求改错部分要求考生根据对文章的理解，运用语篇、语法和词汇知识辨认文章中出现的语言错误并加以改正。
改错部分的短文长度是250字----280字。
五：七大错：1.平行结构错2.动词错3.连词错4.代词指代错5.语意矛盾错6.词性错7.固定搭配错七：凭借理性认识改错1.在准备改错的过程中，在课下、课后、课间都禁止练习和复习。
2.在考场做改错时，大多数情况下禁止阅读和翻译原文。
八：对英语理性认识的规律和方法1.同样意思的中文和英文的句子区别：语序的差别eg：中文：我早上6：30起床。
英文：I get up at 6:30 in the morning.2.中文、英文的最大区别：中心词至上原则Eg：中国北京海淀区的中关村大街旁边的一栋房子里的一间房间里的一把椅子上的一条虫。
There is a worm on the chair in the room in the big house in ZhongGuan Cun Street in Hai Dian District Bei Jing China3. 一个很长的英文句子，假如各个单词都不认识，该怎么翻译？a：抓住这个英文句子的谓语动词就可以。
英语四六级讲义
英语四六级讲义PartI第一节四六级作文评分的六个标准一、准确度是指单词的拼写和表达，特别是词性一定要准确无误。
Succeed(v)、success(n)、successful(adj)、successor(n继承者、接班人)、a succeful man成功者、health(n)、healthy(adj+life)、honest(adj)、honesty(n)、economic(adj)、economy(n).The honesty is the best policy.诚实是上策二、难度是指长和罕见的单词。
因此、所以：consequently、accordingly；各人、个体：individuals；电影：movie；孩子：kid；中国政府：The Chiness Adnimistration；现在：currently；漫画、小图：miniature；说明：indicate；含义、意义：implication、connotation.三、广度是指用同义词替换，尤其是主题词。
我认为：I think、in my personal sense、For my part、To my mind.游客：sightseer、tourist、visitor、traveller.四、亮度是指多用短语或词组表达。
and=as well as；look up to尊敬；look down on鄙视；look forward to 期待；seeing you soon写信用语；be aware of意识到；be fond of=be keen on 喜欢.五、语法正确性是指动词时态使用以及尽量用一般现在时等。
绝招是用情态动词must、should、will+do以及名词的单复数college students或a college student，尽量用复数；不可数名词无复数形式stress、pressure；拒绝诱惑resist temptation；减压relieve stress／pressure. 六、句型正确和句式多变。
2022年大学英语六级翻译辅导讲义
六级翻译一、六级话题预测1.自然资源和文化遗产2.现代建设成就3.日常生活话题二、六级翻译评分标准三、六级翻译练习1.青海湖位于海拔3,205米、青海省省会西宁以西约100公里处，是中国最大的咸水湖，面积4,317平方公里，最深处25.5米。
有23条河注入湖中，其中大部分是季节性的。
百分之八十的湖水源于五条主要河流。
青海湖位于跨越亚洲的几条候鸟迁徙路线的交叉处。
许多鸟类把青海湖作为迁徙过程中的暂息地。
湖的西侧是著名的“鸟岛”，吸引着来自世界各地的观鸟者。
每年夏天，游客们也来这里观看国际自行车比赛。
2.洞庭湖位于湖南省东北部，面积很大，但湖水很浅。
洞庭湖是长江的蓄洪池，湖的大小很大程度上取决于季节变化。
湖北和湖南两省因其与湖的相对位置而得名：湖北意为“湖的北边”，而湖南则为“湖的南边”。
洞庭湖作为龙舟赛的发源地，在中国文化中享有盛名。
据说龙舟赛始于洞庭湖东岸，为的是搜寻楚国爱国诗人屈原的遗体。
龙舟赛与洞庭湖及周边的美景，每年都吸引着成千上万来自全国和世界各地的游客。
3.唐朝始于618年，终于907年，是中国历史上最灿烂的时期。
经过三百年的发展，唐代中国成为世界上最繁荣的强国，其首都长安是世界上最大的都市。
这一时期，经济发达，商业繁荣，社会秩序稳定，甚至边境也对外开放。
随着城市化的财富的增加，艺术和文学也繁荣起来。
李白和杜甫是以作品简洁自然而著称的诗人。
他们的诗歌打动了学者和普通人的心，即使在今天，他们的许多诗歌仍广为儿童及成人阅读背诵。
4.诸葛亮是三国时期（the Three Kingdoms Period）杰出的军事家和政治家。
他帮助刘备打了一系列的战争，联合盟友，不断扩张刘备的领地、增强刘备的实力。
蜀国（the Shu State）建立后，他被任命为丞相（Prime Minister）管理政务、军事、民族交流和农业生产等事务。
诸葛亮也是一位著名的艺术家，爱好书法（calligraphy）绘画和音乐。
2020年6月六级专项精讲语法讲义(学生版)何威威
六级语法应用法讲义一、什么是长难句&划分长难句的方法：1.长难句定义：2.长难句划分方法：连动切割法（摘自《考研英语语法真经》第九章）·连动切割法：将句子中的所有连词和动词（连词、动词的排列不分先后）作为切割长难句的基础，断开主句和从句。
·长难句划分的具体步骤：【第一步】断开主句和从句：通读整个句子找出所有的连词或动词，并将连词和动词匹配起来（主要是针对从句而言，主句不存在连词，从句连词和动词的匹配遵守就近原则），然后再给动词匹配主语（主句的主语在谓语之前找；从句的主语在连词和与之匹配的谓语动词中间找，如果它们中间没有任何词语，那么连词本身就是这个从句的主语。
）在进行第一步的时候注意以下5种情况：①如果动词前没有任何（落单的）连词，那么该动词应该是主句的谓语。
②如果动词前有两个或两个以上的连词，那么动词和连词的匹配遵守就近原则。
③如果动词比连词多两个或两个以上，说明有连词省略了或者把过去分词错当成谓语动词。
④切割嵌套的从句：从句往往从连词开始到从句中的第二个谓语动词出现之前结束。
⑤有些词既可以是连词，也可以具有别的词性例如：that：既可以是连词，也可以是代词或者限定词；than、before、after、until等既可以是连词也可以是介词【第二步】断开介词短语和非谓语动词：A．识别介词短语：B．识别非谓语动词：二、总结复习句子的主要成分1、主语（1）定义：（2）位置：（3）什么可以充当主语：2、谓语（1）定义：（2）位置：（3）什么可以充当谓语：3、宾语（1）定义：（2）位置：（3）什么可以充当宾语：4、表语（1）定义：（2）位置：（3）什么可以充当表语：5、定语（1）定义：（2）位置：（3）什么可以充当定语：6、状语（1）定义：（2）位置：（3）什么可以充当状语：7、补足语（1）定义：（2）位置：（3）什么可以充当补足语：8、同位语：（1）定义：（2）位置：（3）什么可以充当同位语：三、真题实战1、选词填空【选词填空真题链接】第一段：①It seems to be a law in the technology industry that leading companies eventually lose their position, often quickly and brutally. ②Mobile phone champion Nokia, one of Europe's biggest technology success stories, was no __36__ , losing its market share in just a few years.第二段：①In 2007, Nokia accounted for more than 40% of mobile phone sales __37__ . ②But consumers' preferences were already __38__ toward touch-screen smartphone. ③With the introduction of Apple's iPhone in the middle of that year, Nokia's market share __39__ rapidly and revenue plunged.④By the end of 2013, Nokia had sold its phone business to Microsoft.第三段：①What sealed Nokia's fate was a series of decisions made by Stephen Elop in his position as CEO, which he __40__ in October 2010. ②Each day that Elop spent in charge of Nokia, the company's market value declined by $23 million, making him, by the numbers, one of the worst CEOs in history.第四段：①But Elop was not the only person at __41__. ②Nokia's board resisted change, making it impossible for the company to adapt to rapid shifts in the industry. ③Most __42__ , Jorma Ollila, who had led Nokia's transition from an industrial company to a technology giant, was too fascinated by the company's __43__ success to recognize the change that was needed to sustain its competitiveness.第五段：①The company also embarked on a __44__ cost-cutting program, which included the elimination of thousands of jobs. ②This contributed to the __45__ of the company's once-spirited culture, which had motivated employees to take risks and make miracles. ③Good leaders left the company, taking Nokia's sense of vision and direction with them. ④Not surprisingly, much of Nokia's most valuable design and programming talent left as well.A. assumed I. previousB. bias J. relayedC. desperate K. shiftingD. deterioration L. shrankE. exception M. subtleF. fault N. transmittingG. incidentally O. worldwideH. notably例1. In such economies, individuals who possess the human capital characteristics that employers or clients values (e.g., competence and ambition ) are expected to be in high demand and short supply on the job market.【参考译文】在这种经济模式下，拥有雇主和客户所重视的人力资本特征（例如，能力和抱负）的个人，预计在就业市场上供不应求。
六级翻译写作班讲义(1)
六级翻译讲义翻译1. 四级翻译真题考点亦应全面掌握2. 规律性考点：语法和搭配3. 语法书应具备的特点：（1）全面（包括最基础语法的讲解）（2）有练习（非中、高考应试练习）商务印书馆：《英语语法手册》（薄冰修订第5版）上海外语教育出版社：《大学英语》系列教材之《语法与练习》补充资料之汉译英专项练习4. 关键词与搭配考查范围及重点：《大学英语积极词汇》（1）动词+ 介词（2）动词+ 名词（3）介词+ 名词二、大纲样题Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.72.It was essential that _______________(我们在月底签订合同)。
73.To our delight, she ________________(进大学一个月就适应了校园生活)。
74.The new government was accused_____________________(未实现其降低失业率的承诺)。
75.The workmen think ___________________(遵守安全规则很重要)。
76.The customer complained that no sooner_______________(他刚试着使用这台机器，它就不运转了)。
参考答案：72.we sign the contract before the end of the month73.adapted(herself) to campus life a month after entering college74.of failure to fulfill its promise to reduce the unemployment rate75.it very important to comply with /follow the safety regulations76.had he tried using the machine than it stopped working三、汉译英评分标准对译文的主要要求是“正确”和“表达清楚”，对英语译文的其他方面不做过高的要求。
对啊网六级君_六级翻译强化讲义
If you think you are beaten, you are.
六级翻译技巧讲解-2
3. 分译 & 合译(按内容层次分译) • 合译： 多个杂碎的汉语句子可以合译为英语的单句，使译文紧凑、简练。 母亲在谈到她的孩子时，也许有自豪感， 这是可以理解的。( 形容 词） The mother might have spoken with understandable pride of her child ． 夜里冷风飕飕，那是十一月初，天下起了毛毛细雨，令我倍加难受. （名词）
Is it possible to finish it by 10? Is there any possibility for finishing it by 10? Can we possibly finish it by 10?
六级翻译技巧讲解-3
翻译注意事项
注意一：中文“逗号”信息处理：
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非谓语动词结构，
如：
我们的社会是一个和谐的社会，
家家户户都会进行大扫除…… 方法：
代词替代
动词替代
分词替代
省略
代词替代
我们的民族不再是一个被人们侮辱的民族了
Our nation is no longer one subject to insult and humiliation. 我们提倡和平共处的原则，这项原则目前在世界上已经越来越得人
1） It is essential to adopt measures to protect the environment 2） There is necessity to adopt measures to protect the environment. 3） Measures should be taken to protect the environment. 4） It is high time that we protected the environment. 虚拟语气 注意三：英语多变化，汉语多重复
六级翻译课堂讲义
英语六级翻译大纲样题及答案【大纲样题】 中国新年是中国最重要的传统节日，在中国也被称为春节。
新年的庆 祝活动从除夕开始一直延续到元宵节(the Lantern Festival)，即从农历 (lunar calendar)最后一个月的最后一天至新年第一个月的第十五天。
各地欢度春节的习俗和传统有很大差异， 但通常每个家庭都会在除夕 夜团聚，一起吃年夜饭。
为驱厄运、迎好运，家家户户都会进行大扫 除。
人们还会在门上粘贴红色的对联(couplets)，对联的主题为健康、 发财和好运。
其他的活动还有放鞭炮、发红包和探亲访友等。
2013 年 12 月英语六级翻译真题及答案 【翻译原文一】 中国园林是经过三千多年演变而成的独具一格的园林景观。
它既包括 为皇室成员享乐而建造的大型花园，也包括学者、商人和卸任的政府 官员为摆脱嘈杂的外部世界而建造的私家花园。
这些花园构成了一种 意在表达人与自然之间应有的和谐关系的微缩景观。
典型的中国园林 四周有围墙，园内有池塘、假山、树木、花草以及各种各样由蜿蜒的 小路和走廊连接的建筑。
漫步在花园中，人们可以看到一系列精心设 计的景观犹如山水画卷一般展现在面前。
【翻译原文二】闻名于世的丝绸之路是一系列连接东西方的路线。
丝绸之路延伸 6,000 多公里。
得名于古代中国的丝绸贸易。
丝绸之路上的贸易在中 国、南亚、欧洲和中东文明发展中发挥了重要作用。
正是通过丝绸之 路，中国的造纸、火药、指南针、印刷等四大发明才被引介到世界各 地。
同样，中国的丝绸、茶叶和瓷器（porcelain）也传遍全球。
物质 文化的交流是双向的。
欧洲也通过丝绸之路出口各种商品和植物，满 足中国市场的需要。
【翻译原文三】 中国人自古以来就在中秋时节庆祝丰收， 这与北美地区庆祝感恩节的 习俗十分相似，过中秋节的习俗与唐代早期在中国各地开始流行，中 秋节在农历八月十五，是人们拜月的节日，这天夜晚皓月当空，人们 合家团聚，共赏明月。
大学英语六级-翻译1ppt课件
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纵观近年四、六级考试的改革，在作文之外又增加 了翻译。
这还是和中国的崛起和国际化进程的加快密不可分 的，就是过去我们侧重于理解世界，而今天我们侧 重于让世界理解中国。所以在老四、六级中，重点 是听力，阅读等侧重于我们去理解英文，理解世界 的能力测试。而在新四、六级中，作文也好，汉译 英也罢，其实目的是测试我们向世界介绍中国的语 言能力。
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政治 宗教 经济 文化
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1.本族语到外族语、外族语到本族语 2. 语内翻译、语际翻译、符际翻译 3. 口译、笔译、机器翻译 4. 专业翻译、文学翻译、一般性翻译 5. 全译、 摘译、编译
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1) 所谓翻译，是把一种语言文字的意义用另一种语言 文字表达出来的语言转换过程或结果。（P. 1）
play on a beach? - Because of the sand which is there.
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2、Rhyme and Rhythm 音韵节奏的局限性
- “诗不能译，译就是毁灭。一经翻译，原诗的音 调、韵律、词藻等诗歌的生命便烟消云散了。”
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—— 思果《译者的十字架》
- 许渊冲的译诗主张：“音美、意美、形美”
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一、认知英语六级翻译的题型 二、认知英语六级翻译的评分标准 三、领悟和掌握英语翻译遵循的原则 四、六级翻译样题练习 五、 译文交流与教师点评
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样题： 中国新年是中国最重要的传统节日，在中国也被称为
春节。新年的庆祝活动从除夕开始一直延续到元宵节 （the Lantern Festival），即从农历（lunar calendar）最后一个月的最后一天至新年第一个月的 第十五天。各地欢度春节的习俗和传统有很大差异， 但通常每个家庭都会在除夕夜团聚，一起吃年夜饭。 为驱厄运、迎好运，家家户户都会进行大扫除。人们 还会在门上粘贴红色的对联（couplets），对联的主 题为健康、发财和好运。其他的活动还有放鞭炮、发 红包和探亲访友等。 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
六级翻译预测班课件
六级翻译预测班讲义一、社会和经济类话题1、大学生创业1随着大学生就业市场竞争越来越激烈，一些学生怀揣雄心抱负，开始尝试创业。
2历年来，有很多大学生创业成功的案例，这样的行为也应得到学校和全社会的鼓励。
3然而，不是所有的大学生毕业生都适合创业。
4创业，需要有一个合理的商业理念；可行的商业计划；带领一个团队，来让成员为同一个目标而努力的领袖气质以及成熟的管理技能。
参考译文:With the competition in the job market becoming increasingly fierce for college graduates, some ambitious students have tried their hands at launching their own business. Over the years, there have been many successful cases of student entrepreneurship and such attempts should be encouraged by both the universities and the society at large. However, not all college graduates are suitable for undertaking entrepreneurial projects. To launch a business, one needs to have a sound business idea, a viable business plan, the charisma to lead a team where members make concerted efforts for a common objective, as well as mature managerial skills.2、创业创新中国企业创新的步调日益加快，创新精神已从工业部门延展至高校甚至政府核心部门。
YY六级翻译-学生
六级翻译@老师王菲1、讲义打印后使用效果最好；如果在电脑上使用，请直接点击word文档“视图”-“显示比例”输入“150%”，视觉效果最佳；2、请勿在网络上复制、扩散本讲义；3、考神团队在微博公布听力阅读写作翻译及词汇单项课程及四六级整体实力提升课程，请同学届时关注@建昆老师@曲根老师@老师王菲的新浪微博；4、坚持听课，做好笔记，按时复习，你的进步看的见。
翻译的基础知识1 翻译的定义:翻译是把一种语言所表达的思维内容用另一种语言表达出来的语言活动.2 翻译的标准: 东方和西方3 翻译的要素：●Mama , I just can’t swallow them without honey.swallow : 吞下/淹没/耗尽/忍受/压制/取消●虽然这场经济衰退波及全球的每个角落，但各地受到的影响不尽相同。
●在非洲其他国家发生危机时，他提供了维持和平部队。
●单词的词性，时态和语态的表达，虚拟语气的表述等。
day天feeling 感觉glass玻璃green绿色days时代feelings感情glasses眼镜greens蔬菜look看minute分钟paper纸quarter一刻钟looks样子minutes记录papers文件quarters住所4 翻译对考生的要求：●语言方面：不断提高英语和汉语的水平如：We want two originals and six copies.●知识方面：E.g.1 : John can be relied on. He eats no fish and plays the game.E.g.2 : In the country of the blind the one- eyed man is the king.5六级翻译简介(1)考试大纲对翻译测试的要求和规定●测试目的：考察学生英汉两种语言的互译能力。
●题型：本题为主观试题。
原单句汉译英调整为段落汉译英。
●测试要求：汉译英要求考生运用汉译英理论与技巧，在30分钟内将要求译出的部分译完，约180-200字左右。
六级翻译讲义
考查历史：2006年12月至今，共5次。
分值：5个小题，每小题1分。
大学英语六级翻译评分原则及标准：1. 整体意思和结构均正确，得1分2. 结构正确，但整体意思不确切或信息不全，得0.5分3. 整体意思正确但语言有错误（包括用词不当），得0.5分4. 整体意思完全错误，即使结构正确也不得分5. 大小写错误及标点符号忽略不计考什么：单词语法搭配（高中语法 + 六级单词、搭配）单词搭配：六级词汇突破方法：背单词（背词原理）语法范围：高中语法突破方法：抓重点，抓典型如何备考：1背单词、搭配。
2 阅读高中难度语法书中的常考专题。
3 做题培养语感。
单词：背词十诫搭配：常考英文搭配语法常考难点：虚拟语气倒装一些虚拟语气练习：虚拟语气1)I wish _______________(我年轻的时候有你们这样的机会).2)If only _______________(他知道这病是可以治好的)! Then he would not have killed himself. 3)—— Would you like him to paint your door with yellow stars?—— I’d rather he _______________(漆成蓝色的，而且不带任何装饰).4)It’s high time that _______________(采取措施解决交通堵塞的问题).5)Hugh usually talks _______________(仿佛在大会上发表演说似的).6)We insist that _______________(让杰克立刻进医院).7)It was advised that _______________(在居民区设立更多的流动商店).8)His proposal was that _______________(他们成立一个专门委员会来检查这个问题).9)We are going to discuss his suggestion that_______________(取消期中考试).10)It is ridiculous that _______________(我们在一个总是下雨的国家还缺水).一些倒装句练习1. Scarcely had she fallen asleep _______________(一阵敲门声就把她吵醒).2. No sooner had Anne arrived _______________(就生病了).3. The husband was not hospitable to the visitor._______________(他妻子也没说一句欢迎的话).4. Only then _______________(那个医生才意识到他的病人需要手术).5. Only when you adjust down your price_______________(我们才能做成这笔买卖).答案：虚拟语气1)I had had your opportunities when I wasyoung（考点：I wish后的that从句中用过去完成式表示过去没有实现或不可能实现的愿望）2)he had known this disease is curable （考点：If only 引导的感叹句表示“但愿”或“要是……就好了”，用法与 I wish…基本相同）3)painted it blue, and without anydecorations（考点：would rather 后的that从句中用过去式表示不是事实）4)measures were taken to solve theproblem of traffic jams（考点：It’s (about/high) time 后的that从句中用过去式，表示“该是……的时候了”）5)as though he were delivering a speech atan assembly（考点：as if / as though引导的从句中用过去式表示和现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑）6)Jack (should) be sent to hospital rightnow（考点：表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的动词．．所接的宾语从句．．．．通常用“(that) sb. (should) do”的虚拟形式）7)more mobile shops (should) be set up inthe residential area（考点：表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的动词．．所接的主语．．通常用“(that) sb. (should) do”．．从句的虚拟形式）8)they (should) set up a specialboard/committee to examine thisproblem（考点：表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的名词．．所接的表语从句．．．．通常用“(that) sb. (should) do”的虚拟形式）9)the mid-term exams (should) becanceled（考点：表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的名词．．所接的同位语从句．．．．．通常用“(that) sb. (should) do”的虚拟形式）[表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的动词及其名词常见的有：advise (advice), agree (agreement), decide (decision), decree, demand, determine (determination), grant, indicate (indication), insist (insistence), order, prefer (preference), propose (proposal), request, require (requirement), resolve (resolution), stipulate (stipulation), suggest(suggestion), urge, vote;常见的这类动词还有：allow, arrange, ask, beg, concede,demonstrate, ensure, intend, move, pledge, pray等]10)we (should) be short of water in acountry where it is always raining（考点：在It is/was +形容词后的that从句中常用“sb. should do”的形式表示建议惊奇等。
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建昆老师&考神团队2.5期六级实力提升班六级翻译@老师王菲1、讲义打印后使用效果最好；如果在电脑上使用，请直接点击word文档“视图”-“显示比例”输入“150%”，视觉效果最佳；2、请勿在网络上复制、扩散本讲义；3、考神团队将在2月23日四六级成绩公布时推出3月份上线课程，其中包括听力阅读写作翻译及词汇单项课程及四六级整体实力提升课程，请同学届时关注@建昆老师@曲根老师@老师王菲的新浪微博；4、坚持听课，做好笔记，按时复习，你的进步看的见。
翻译的基础知识1 翻译的定义:翻译是把一种语言所表达的思维内容用另一种语言表达出来的语言活动.2 翻译的标准: 东方和西方3 翻译的要素：●Mama , I just can’t swallow them without honey.swallow : 吞下/淹没/耗尽/忍受/压制/取消●虽然这场经济衰退波及全球的每个角落，但各地受到的影响不尽相同。
●在非洲其他国家发生危机时，他提供了维持和平部队。
●单词的词性，时态和语态的表达，虚拟语气的表述等。
day天feeling 感觉glass玻璃green绿色days时代feelings感情glasses眼镜greens蔬菜look看minute分钟paper纸quarter一刻钟looks样子minutes记录papers文件quarters住所4 翻译对考生的要求：●语言方面：不断提高英语和汉语的水平如：We want two originals and six copies.●知识方面：E.g.1 : John can be relied on. He eats no fish and plays the game.E.g.2 : In the country of the blind the one- eyed man is the king.5六级翻译简介(1)考试大纲对翻译测试的要求和规定●测试目的：考察学生英汉两种语言的互译能力。
●题型：本题为主观试题。
原单句汉译英调整为段落汉译英。
●测试要求：汉译英要求考生运用汉译英理论与技巧，在30分钟内将要求译出的部分译完，约180-200字左右。
译文要求忠实原文，语言表达通顺流畅。
●翻译的主要内容：翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等，所以多读这方面的书籍，会有助于思想理解和语言表达。
(2)新六级翻译的评分标准本题满分为15分，成绩分为六个档次：13-15分、10-12分、7-9分、4-6分、1-3分和0分。
各档次的评分标准见下表：档次评分标准13-15分译文准确表达了原文的意思。
用词贴切，行文流畅，基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。
10-12分译文基本上表达了原文的意思。
文字通顺、连贯，无重大语言错误。
7-9分译文勉强表达了原文的意思。
用词欠准确，语言错误相当多，其中有些是严重语言错误。
4-6分译文仅表达了一小部分原文的意思。
用词不准确，有相当多的严重语言错误。
1-3分译文支离破碎。
除个别词语或句子，绝大部分文字没有表达原文意思。
0分未作答，或只有几个孤立的词，或译文与原文毫不相关。
六级翻译的过程和翻译知识介绍●翻译的基本过程翻译的基本定义“翻译是在准确理解的基础上用一种语言来忠实的表达另外一种语言”一、这种药可治疗咳嗽。
二、持续的高失业率会给其他国家的现有领导构成威胁。
三、1 单词拼写错误2 固定搭配使用3 时态语态表达4 符合英文表达习惯5 名词单复数形式6 单词词性正确翻译技巧一理解词义如：home今晚我送她回家。
印度是大象的生长地。
新房出售。
她在哪儿都自由自在。
这里为国内市场生产了许多产品。
他把伦敦看成是他的故乡。
（一）如：forecast 有“预报，预测”的意思，用作动词和用作名词时意思相同；increase 作动词时，表示“增加，增长，增进”的意思，用作名词时主要还是表达这些意思。
book 这个单词，在作名词时，意思是“书，书籍”；用作动词却常表示“预订，预约”的意思。
while 作连词时，有“当...的时候，而，虽然”等意思；作名词时，却指“片刻，一会儿”；作动词，又有“消磨”的意思。
遇到这种情况，如果不弄清楚词性，常常就会将词义搞错，进而影响原文的正确理解和准确翻译。
因此在翻译中，我们可以根据语法关系来辨别关键词的词性，以便能准确的判断词义。
如：light：这光线太暗不能看书。
（名词）铝是一种轻金属。
（形容词）你替我点上火好吗？（动词）如: round：地球并不是完全圆的。
（形容词）让我们进大厅转一转。
（副词）他们围成一圈跳舞（名词）他工作了一整天。
（介词）（二）我们以动词move 为例，如果上下文不一样，move 的意思显然也是不一样，必须依据上下文才能做到准确通顺的翻译。
那汽车跑得可真快。
股票价格今日上扬。
他们的苦难经历深深打动了我们。
政府对这件事的看法没有改变。
我提议我们支持采用这一新工艺方法。
她生活在高级社交圈里。
雇主若不尽快采取措施，就要引起一场罢工。
（三）如：deep深井 a deep well；低沉的嗓音 a deep voice；专心学习deep in study；难以理解的奥妙 a deep mystery；知识渊博的思想家a deep thinker；如动词: work在翻译时如果上下文不同，汉语习惯搭配也不一样，翻译时应该选择不同的词义来表达。
我想你的建议行得通。
新疗法疗效神奇。
我的表不走了。
海浪汹涌起伏。
她好不容易才挤到前面。
松树的树根在石缝间扎下去。
新规定执行得很顺利。
二、（一）例：他们有自己的欢乐与悲哀。
我们坚持主张国际贸易不应是有来无往。
我没有数学方面的天赋。
（二）例：我前面的车停住了，我错过了绿灯。
就某些用途来说，铜的唯一缺点也许是硬度不够。
直译和意译首先应当指出，直译不是死译，而是指基本保留原有句子结构，照字面意思翻译。
意译也不是胡译、乱译，而是在不损害原文内容和精神的前提下，为了表达的需要，对原文作相应的调整。
原文：我们的朋友遍天下。
直译：意译：直译以严格意义上的忠实为宗旨，意译则更多考虑英语的特点，更强调译文的效果，不求形式对应，只求语言在深层次中的对应。
总之，选择直译还是意译，应该根据文章具体需要而定，两种译法可以并用。
一能直译则直译原文：爱是耐心和善良；爱不是妒忌和吹嘘；爱不是傲慢和粗鲁。
译文：原文：进入21世纪，麦当劳团体的对手们又集合到一面共同的旗帜之下——反对全球化。
译文：二必须意译原文：怕什么呢？死了张屠夫，还有李屠夫，人多得很。
直译：译文：原文：管它三七二十一，先吃个饱再说。
译文：翻译技巧：词法翻译法---词性转换例如：你决定战胜复习考试中的困难，这一点我很羡慕译文：（一）名词和动词的转换1．火箭已经用来探索宇宙。
2．仔细研究原文，你会翻译得更好。
3．那些小工厂还在极大的消耗和浪费原材料。
4．如To have a rest 和To have a good look at 里的rest 和look.汽车猛的刹住，停在悬崖边上。
（二）形容词和动词之间的转换科学家们都深信，所有的物质都是不灭的。
常见的有：与思维和知觉相关的形容词：aware, conscious, certain, sure, mindful, ignorant, alert 等；与情感相关的形容词：glad, pleased, cautious, careful, angry, happy, exhilarated, excited,confident, thankful, grateful, concerned, eager, afraid, doubtful, sorry 等；与欲望相关的形容词：desirous, hopeful, anxious, keen, enthusiastic, zealous 等。
（三）动词与副词之间的转换经过仔细研究之后，他们发现这个设计落后了。
（四）名词与动词之间的转换英语中很多由名词派生的动词，以及由名词转用的动词，在汉语中往往不易找到相应的动词，这时可将其转译成汉语名词。
我们的时代是深刻政治变革的见证。
to innovate革新——innovation革新措施to evolve进化——evolution进化过程to solve解决——solution解决方法to derive推导——derivation推导过程to persuade说服——persuasion说服工作to prepare准备——preparation准备工作backward落后——backwardness落后状态tense紧张——tension紧张局势mad疯狂——madness疯狂行为redundant多余——redundancy多余信息（五）有些“受（遭）到……+名词”、“予（给）以+名词”这类结构，可以译成英语被动式句子中的动词。
在这期间，他受到了新闻界极不公正的对待。
（六）名词转译成形容词1．汉语中表示某一类人的名词，英语中可以选择the+形容词。
他们尽了最大的努力帮助病号和伤员。
2．有时候根据情况，可以灵活处理，把有些名词转换成形容此来翻译。
他全家都是虔诚的教徒（七）形容词往往可以转译成由形容词派生的名词。
这个问题至关重要。
（八）有些形容词可以译为名词加不定冠词作表语。
独立思考对学习是绝对必需的。
（九）形容词与副词的互相转译由于英语中的名词在翻译的时候可以转换成汉语动词，所以修饰该名词的形容词往往转译成汉语副词。
由于英语中的动词在翻译的时候可以转换成汉语名词，所以修饰该动词的副词往往转译成形容词。
这部电影给了他深刻的印象。
（十）名词与副词的互相转译官方宣布，中国已经成功的实现了载人航天。
翻译技巧-- 删词法一、1给你带一本词典来还是带一本百科全书来？请把两样都带来。
2愚人会很快忘记说过的话，智者会很快放弃手里的钱。
二、1他满怀希望地说谈判会取得成功。
在观看篮球比赛之后，主席还有一个重要会议要参加。
2他真是一个出类拔萃的领袖啊。
3(1)．他每天来干活——扫地，收拾房间。
(2 )一种新型的飞机正越来截止引起人们的注意——这种飞机体积不大，价钱便宜。
4(1)．记者纷纷飞到墨西哥去了。
一排排的房子，都是他从来没有见过的。
(2)．We have to face different problems.Mr. Hobbs didn’t talk over my suggestions with his brother until yesterday afternoon.翻译技巧：汉语中表示动词时态含义的词汇手段汉语中用于表示行为动作的时间和方式的主要是一批名词,副词和助词,如:(3)名词:过去,现在,将来(4)副词:曾经,刚刚,已经,正在,一直,将要(5)助词:了,着,过1 “ 在,正在,正”如: 神秘感正在消失。