2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学技术大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：42

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学技术大学考试全真模拟易错、难

点剖析AB卷（带答案）

一.综合题(共15题)

1.

填空题

Contraction of front and side parts of the brain—as cells die off—was observed in some subjects in their thirty, but it was still not evident in some sixty—and seventy-year-olds.

A

B C

D

【答案】C thirty改为thirties

【解析】【考查点】固定表达。

【解题思路】in one’s thirties意思为“在某人三十多岁时”，这里指的年龄是概数。

【句意】有的人大脑前部和侧部的收缩——随着细胞的死亡——在三十多岁时就能被观察到了，但是也有些人直到六七十岁依然不明显。

2.

填空题

Too often we believe what accounts for others’ success is some special secret or a lucky break. But rarely success is so mysterious.

A B C

D

【答案】D success is改为is success

【解析】【考查点】倒装。

【解题思路】表示否定意义的副词或连词放在句首时，用部分倒装，句子的一般陈述句语序为success is so mysterious，此时is应该提前，因此D部分应为is success。

【句意】我们常常相信别人的成功是某种特殊的秘密或幸运的突破。但成功很少如此神秘。3.

单选题

Some reporters and commentators indulged in discreet criticism of shortcomings in Soviet life.

问题1选项

A.harsh

B.intensive

C.cautious

D.rational

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A. harsh 残酷的，严酷的

B. intensive 密集的

C. cautious 小心的，谨慎的

D. rational 合理的，理性的，明智的

【答案】C

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】discreet的意思为“（言行）谨慎的，考虑周到的”，用来形容criticism，指的是记者和评论员对苏联生活的批判是经过周全考虑的，是谨慎的，cautious与之词义相近，因此C选项正确。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项词义与之不符。

【句意】部分记者和评论员对苏联生活的缺点进行了谨慎的批判。

4.

单选题

The first two decades of this century were dominated by the microbe hunters. These hunters had tracked down one after another of the microbes responsible for the most dreaded scourges of many centuries: tuberculosis, cholera, diphtheria. But there remained some terrible diseases for which no microbe could be incriminated: scurvy, pellagra, rickets, beriberi. Then it was discovered that these diseases were caused by the lack of vitamins, a trace substance in the diet. The diseases could be prevented or cured by consuming foods that contained the vitamins. And so in the decades of the 1920’s and 1930’s, nutrition became a science and the vitamin hunters, replaced the microbe hunters.

In the 1940’s and 1950’s，biochemists strived to learn why each of the vitamins was essential for health. They discovered that key enzymes in metabolism depend on one or another of the vitamins as coenzymes to perform the chemistry that provides cells with energy for growth and function. Now, these enzyme hunters occupied center stage.

You are aware that the enzyme hunters have been replaced by a new breed of hunters who are tracking genes—the blueprints for each of the enzymes—and are discovering the defective genes that cause inherited diseases—diabetes, cystic fibrosis. These gene hunters, or genetic engineers, use recombinant DNA technology to identify and clone genes and introduce them into bacterial cells and plants to create factories for the massive production of hormones and vaccines for medicine and for better crops for agriculture. Biotechnology has become a multibillion-dollar industry.

In view of the inexorable progress in science, we can expect that the gene hunters will be replaced in the spotlight. When and by whom? Which kind of hunter will dominate the scene in the last decade of our waning century and in the early decades of the next? I wonder whether the hunters who will occupy the spotlight will be neurobiologists who apply the techniques of the enzyme and gene hunters to the functions of the brain. What to call them? The head hunters. I will return to them later.

1. What is the main topic of the passage?

2. How do vitamins influence health?

3. Which of the following best describes the author’s tone in the last pa ragraph of the passage?

4. With which of the following statements would the author be most likely to agree?

问题1选项

A.The microbe hunters.

B.The potential of genetic engineering.

C.The progress of modern medical research.

D.The discovery of enzymes.

问题2选项

A.They are necessary for some enzymes to function.

B.They protect the body from microbes.

C.They keep food from spoiling.

D.They are broken down by cells to produce energy.

问题3选项

A.Critical.

B.Speculative.

C.Appreciative.

D.Emotional.

问题4选项

A.The focus of medical research will change in the next two decades.

B.Medical breakthroughs often depend on luck.

C.Medical research throughout the twentieth century has been dominated by microbe hunters.

D.Most diseases are caused by defective genes.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:A

【解析】第1题:【选项释义】

What is the main topic of the passage? 这篇文章的主题是什么？

A. The microbe hunters. A. 微生物猎人。

B. The potential of genetic engineering. B. 基因工程的潜力。

C. The progress of modern medical research.

C. 现代医学研究的进展。

D. The discovery of enzymes. D. 酶的发现。

【答案】C

【考查点】主旨大意题。

【解题思路】文章第一段提出为了探究一些可怕疾病的成因，二十世纪二十年代前，医学研究的焦点是微生物（dominated by the microbe hunters），到20年代和30年代，变成维生素（vitamin hunters, replaced the microbe hunters）；第二段提出，在40年代和50年代，酶成了研究重点（enzyme hunters occupied center stage）；第三段提出焦点变成了基因（gene hunters）；最后一段提出基因也会被取代（the gene hunters will be replaced in the spotlight）。综上所述，作者根据时间顺序，介绍了在