山东省青岛第一中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期中考试化学试题

合集下载

2022-2023学年山东省聊城第一中学高一下学期期中考试化学试题

2022-2023学年山东省聊城第一中学高一下学期期中考试化学试题1. 2022年北京冬奥会成功举办，本届冬奥会体现了科技创新与艺术设计的完美融合。

下列说法错误的是A．建造场馆所用的玻璃，属于硅酸盐材料B．传输信号所用的光导纤维，主要成分为单质硅C．能源供给采用风能、太阳能等发电，风能和太阳能均属于可再生能源D．颁奖礼仪服内胆添加了第二代石墨烯发热材料，石墨烯属于新型无机非金属材料2.安全措施是避免伤害和事故的保障。

下列安全问题的处理方法中，不符合要求的是A．金属汞一旦洒落，必须尽可能收集起来，并用硫磺粉盖在洒落的地方B．实验室制氨气实验中，用蒸馏水吸收氨气进行尾气处理，要防倒吸C．在进行气体制备实验时，装药品前，一定要检验装置气密性D．少量浓硫酸沾在皮肤上，立即用氢氧化钠溶液冲洗3.已知某反应中能量变化如图所示，下列叙述正确的是A．碳酸钙分解的能量变化趋势与图示一致B．该反应必须加热才可以发生C．若该图表示化学反应的能量变化，则A的能量一定比D的能量低D．该反应过程中，形成新化学键释放的总能量大于断裂旧化学键吸收的总能量4.下列气体中，既能用浓硫酸又能用碱石灰干燥的是A．B．C．D．5.下列说法正确的是A．将NO、气体转化为，可实现氮的固定B．常温下，可以用铝罐贮存浓硝酸，说明铝与浓硝酸不反应C．在胆矾中加入浓硫酸后，胆矾由蓝色变为白色，说明浓硫酸具有脱水性D．液氨气化时要吸收大量的热，因此可用作制冷剂6.下列四个常用电化学装置的叙述正确的是A．图Ⅰ所示电池中，电子由碳棒通过导线流向锌筒B．图Ⅱ所示电池中，锌为负极，发生氧化反应C．图Ⅲ所示电池为二次电池，可无限次重复使用D．图Ⅳ所示电池，b电极为正极，电极反应式为：7.实验室用铁片和稀硫酸反应制，能使该反应速率加快的措施是A．增大压强B．改用98%的浓硫酸C．加少量Cu粉D．增加铁片用量8.某温度下，在体积固定的密闭容器中进行反应：，下列说法正确的是A．在该条件下反应达到最大限度时，反应就会停止B．该反应达到最大限度时，反应物转化率为100%C．可以通过延长化学反应的时间改变化学反应的限度D．混合气体颜色不再随时间而改变，说明在该条件下反应达到了最大限度9.足量铜与一定量浓硝酸反应，得到硝酸铜溶液和、NO的混合气体，这些气体与2.24L(标准状况)混合后通入水中，所有气体完全被水吸收生成硝酸。

有机合成(核心素养检测)-【核心素养系列】2022-2023学年高二化学知识整合讲练 )(解析版)

专题12 有机合成（核心素养检测）一、选择题1．（2022秋·江苏常州·高二江苏省前黄高级中学校考期中）芳香化合物A()在一定条件下可以发生如图所示的转化(其他产物和水已略去)。

其中有机物D 也可以由丙烯酸经过几步有机反应制得，其中最佳的次序是A ．加成、水解、酸化、氧化B ．水解、加成、酸化、氯化C ．水解、酸化、加成、氧化D ．加成、氧化、水解、酸化【答案】A 【解析】由芳香化合物A 的结构简式和反应后B 和C 的分子式判断，A 在碱性条件下水解后酸化得到BC ，C 的结构为，C 氧化得到D ，且D 能发生银镜反应，则D 为HCOCOCOOH ；丙烯酸CH 2=CH-COOH 与Cl 2加成得到，后在NaOH 水溶液中水解生成，最后酸化得到，再氧化得到D ；故选A 。

2．（2022春·内蒙古通辽·高二校考期中）已知R ﹣CH 2OH 4KMnO ¾¾¾¾¾¾®酸性溶液R ﹣COOH(R 为H 原子或烃基)，A(C 6H 14O)、B 、C 三种有机物之间具有如图所示的转化关系，若A 、B 的碳骨架相同，则C 的结构最多有4KMnO A A B C ¾¾¾¾¾¾®¾¾¾¾¾®酸性溶液浓硫酸，加热A ．4种B ．5种C ．6种D ．8种【答案】D 【解析】根据A 的分子式和已知可知，A 为饱和一元醇，且A 的分子中含有-CH 2OH 结构，即A分子由戊基和-CH2OH组成，戊基有八种结构（、、），则A有八种结构，生成八种羧酸B，A、B的碳骨架相同，生成的羧酸和相应的醇发生酯化反应生成C，则C有八种结构，故选D。

3．（2023秋·江苏盐城·高二校考期末）丙酮与柠檬醛在一定条件下反应可以合成假紫罗兰酮，再进一步可以合成有工业价值的α—紫罗兰酮和β—紫罗兰酮，转化过程如图所示：下列说法正确的是A．丙酮与柠檬醛合成假紫罗兰酮的过程中先后发生加成反应和消去反应B．假紫罗兰酮、α—紫罗兰酮和β—紫罗兰酮都能发生加成、氧化和酯化反应C．α—紫罗兰酮和β—紫罗兰酮分别与足量Br2发生加成反应的产物分子中都含有4个手性碳原子D．假紫罗兰酮、α—紫罗兰酮和β—紫罗兰酮互为同分异构体，它们的一种芳香族同分异构体能够发生银镜反应【答案】A【解析】A．丙酮中醛基和甲基先发生加成反应生成醇羟基，然后生成的醇羟基再发生消去反应生成碳碳双键，选项A正确；B．假紫罗兰酮、α—紫罗兰酮和β—紫罗兰酮都含有碳碳双键能发生加成、氧化反应，但均不含有醇羟基或羧基，不能发生酯化反应，选项B错误；C．α-紫罗兰酮和β-紫罗兰酮分别与足量Br2发生加成反应的产物分子中，α-紫罗兰酮含有5个手性碳原子，选项C错误；D．分子式相同而结构不同的有机物互为同分异构体，这三种物质分子式相同而结构不同，所以互为同分异构体，它们的不饱和度为3,若形成芳香族同分异构体则不能再含有醛基，则不可能有能够发生银镜反应的芳香族同分异构体，选项D错误；答案选A。

山东省青岛市第一中学市南分校2023-2024学年九年级上学期期中语文试题

2023-2024学年度第一学期期中学业水平质量检测九年级语文试题（考试时间：120分钟满分：120分）本试题共三道大题，含24道小题。

第1—7小题为“积累及运用”，第8—23小题为“阅读”，第24小题为“写作”。

所有题目均在答题卡上作答，在试题上作答无效。

其中，选择题要求用2B铅笔正确涂写在“客观题答题区”。

一．积累与运用【本题满分23分】阅读下面文段，完成下面小题。

伟大的革命精神给予我们心灵丰富的滋养：南湖的红船开辟了民族的新航道，长征路上的雪山草地锻造了民族的坚韧不拔，延安窑洞里的灯火点（rán）了民族胜利的希望，两弹一星的光芒辉映了民族的奋发图强……伟大的革命精神激荡人心，（cuī）人奋进。

新时代青年身处历史洪流，应有以民族复兴为己任的志气，做中华民族脊梁的骨气，常补精神之钙，时时掸去思想之尘，以赤诚之心立报国之志，甘做一颗永不懈（dài）、永不生锈的（luó）丝钉，创造无愧于时代的崭新业绩。

1. 文段中加点字的读音不正确的一项是（）（2分）A. 韧rènB. 骨gǔC. 掸dǎnD. 绩jī2. 文段拼音处依次应填写的汉字书写全部正确的一项是（）（2分）A. 燃摧怠摞B. 燃催怠螺C. 然摧殆螺D. 然催殆摞3. 下列各句，加点的成语使用不恰当的一项是（ )(2分)A.兵临城下,形势间不容发,我们必须迅速作出决断。

B.面对全球的新冠疫情，我们绝不能不以为然，要密切关注它的发展动向。

C.人生路上有时山高难攀，海阔难越，但只要我们锲而不舍，定会登上理想之巅。

D. 读屏和读书两种阅读方式并存,相得益彰，共同构成了多元化的阅读时代。

4.下列句子没有语病的一项是（）（2分）A. 一个人只要树立正确的劳动观，才能真正理解劳动的本质和价值。

B. 衡量文化产业发展水平的高低，要看此产业能否提供更多满足人民精神需求的产品。

C. 小清河之所以越来越清澈的原因，是因为济南广大市民环保意识的不断增强。

2022至2023年年高一下册期中考试化学专题训练(山东省青岛市城阳区第三高级中学)

选择题化学与科学、生活、环境密切相关。

下列有关说法正确的是（）A. 塑料纤维和用于光缆通信的晶体硅都是新型无机非金属材料B. 石油化工生产中广泛使用过渡元素作催化剂，并加入少量稀土元素改善催化剂的性能C. 煤经过干馏加工可变为汽油、柴油等能源D. 食品添加剂对人体无害，可以大量使用【答案】B【解析】A、光缆的成分是SiO2，不是晶体硅，塑料纤维属于有机物，故A说法错误；B、过渡元素常用作催化剂，并加入少量稀土元素改善催化剂的性能，故B说法正确；C、煤干馏得到焦炭、焦炉气、煤焦油，无法变为汽油、柴油，故C 说法错误；D、食品添加剂要适量，过量对人体有危害，故D说法错误。

选择题下列说法正确的是（）A. 通过化学变化可以实现16O与18O间的相互转化B. 离子化合物中的阳离子都是金属离子C. 离子化合物中，一个阴离子可同时与多个阳离子之间有静电作用D. 溶于水可以导电的化合物一定是离子化合物【答案】C【解析】A、化学变化研究最小范围是原子，16O与18O互为同位素，同位素之间的转化不属于化学变化，故A说法错误；B、离子化合物中阳离子不一定是金属离子，可以是NH4＋，故B说法错误；C、离子化合物中，一个阴离子可同时与多个阳离子之间有静电作用，如Na2O，故C说法正确；D、溶于水可以导电的化合物不一定是离子化合物，也可以是部分共价化合物，如HCl，故D说法错误。

选择题重水(D2O)是重要的核工业原料，下列说法错误的是（）A. H2O与D2O互称同素异形体B. 1H与D互称同位素C. 氘(D)原子核外有1个电子D. 1H218O与D216O的相对分子质量相同【答案】A【解析】试题A．由同种元素形成的不同单质互为同素异形体，H2O与D2O 不是单质，不可能互称同素异形体，A错误；B．质子数相同而中子数不同的同一种元素的不同核素互为同位素，则1H与D互称同位素，B正确；C．氘(D)的质子数是1，则原子核外有1个电子，C正确；D．1H218O与D216O的相对分子质量相同均是20，D正确，答案选A。

山东省青岛市重点中学2022-2023学年高一下学期期中考试语文试题(含答案)

青岛市重点中学2022-2023学年高一下学期期中考试语文试题2023.4本卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分满分150分，考试时间150分钟注意事项：（请考生答题前先看清试卷和答题卡上的注意事项或说明。

）试题答案全部答到答题卡上，在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效，考试结束时只交答题卡。

一、现代文阅读（35分）（一）现代文阅读I（本题共5小题，19分）阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。

材料一：从古至今，无论是文学名著还是戏剧经典，总是以令人难忘的经典艺术形象征服读者、观众，并在历史长河中留下深刻印记。

回顾中国文学史，大量传世经典之作往往与经典人物形象合而为一、彼此成就，小说、戏剧尤为突出。

大约在金元之际，元杂尉形成并逐渐流行起来，而关汉卿等具有较高文化修养的专业编剧队伍的出现，使人物刻画实现了新的突破与提高。

关汉卿的代表作之一《窦娥冤》对主人公窦娥的塑造可谓登峰造极。

这样一个经典人物形象之所以流传至今，原因在于作者借“窦娥”之经历揭示了深刻的社会问题，抨击了封建社会对贫苦老百姓的残酷压迫，表达了广大民众对公平秩序和安宁生活的向往。

我国成就最高、影响最大的古代小说作品莫过于“四大名著”，它们成功的原因就在于丰富的人物图谱吸引人、感染人、打动人。

比如在《三国演义》中，智慧多谋的诸葛亮、宽厚仁爱的刘备、雄豪奸诈的曹操……这些“脸谱化”“类型化”的极致刻画成为某种典型形象的代名词，一直为后世传颂。

而《水浒传》在塑造人物方面又有新的突破，“人有其性情，人有其气质，人有其形状，人有其声口”（金圣叹评），无论是108位梁山好汉，还是高俅等大小人物形象，其身份、经历、说话习惯等各有特点，人物的丰富性也有明显体现，比如鲁智深虽暴烈，却常常粗中有细、机智过人。

到了明清，《西游记》《红楼梦》等作品掀起了白话小说流行新高潮，尤其在神魔刻画、人物的成长描写等方面极大地丰富了中国文学史，对后世创作产生了深远影响。

早在中国共产党成立之初，早期共产党人就对文艺工作格外重视。

山东省青岛第二中学2022-2023学年高二上学期12月月考化学试题(含答案)

青岛二中教学质量检测高二化学一、单项选择题；本题共10小题，共30分．1．农村地区处理植物秸秆有多种方法，下列提出的几种方法中，不恰当的是A ．通过发酵、氨化、固化成型等过程处理后用作牲畜饲料B ．把秸秆直接或堆积腐熟后施入土壤C ．就地燃烧，成为草木灰作为植物的钾肥D ．通过化学的有关原理将秸秆通过技术制成甲烷作燃料2．某结晶水合物化学式X·nH 2O ，其相对分子质量为M ，在25℃时，Ag 该结晶水合物溶于Bg 水中即可达到饱和，形成密度为D g/cm 3的饱和溶液VmL ，下列表达式中不正确的是( )A ．该饱和溶液的质量分数为100A(M-18n)%MVDB ．溶质X 在25℃时的溶解度为100A(M-18n)BM+18An克C ．该饱和溶液的密度为3(A+B)g/cm V D ．该饱和溶液的物质的量浓度为1000DA MVmol/L3．电解硫酸铵的废水可制备硫酸和化肥，电解装置如图。

下列说法错误的是A ．a 极为电源的负极B ．4NH +通过阳膜移向N 室C ．电解过程中原料室溶液pH 升高D ．M 室电极反应式为2H 2O-4e -=O 2↑+4H +4．常温下，向一定浓度的Na 2R 溶液中滴入稀硫酸，粒子浓度与混合溶液pH 的变化关系如下图所示。

已知：H 2R 是二元弱酸，Y 表示2-(R )(HR )c c -或2(HR )(H R)c c -，pY=-lg Y ，题中涉及浓度的单位为mol•L -1。

下列叙述错误的是A ．曲线m 表示p 2-(R )(HR )c c -与混合溶液pH 的变化关系B ．a12a22(H R)(H R)K K =103.9C ．NaHR 溶液中存在：c (Na ＋)＜c (HR -)＋2c (R 2-)D ．滴加稀硫酸的过程中，2-2+2(R )(H )(H R)c c c ⋅保持不变5．天然溶洞的形成与水体中含碳物种的浓度有密切关系。

2022-2023学年山东省聊城第一中学高二下学期期中考试英语试题

2022-2023学年山东省聊城第一中学高二下学期期中考试英语试题1. Mothers are often struggling to meet their kids’ daily needs and to keep up with their own work. Here we’ve chosen the best self-care gifs to help moms relax and stop their busy life for a while. Summer Vista Yoga MatThe head-clearing benefits of yoga can be strengthened with the use of a beautiful mat. This lovely yoga mat is characterized of an image of a mountain sunset, putting moms in harmony with nature from the comfort of the living room. The experience can enable moms to be energetic and feel peaceful.Bose Quiet Comfort EarbudsA pair of noise-canceling earbuds is a gift that every mother can make use of. Unlike large headphones, these small buds are easy to carry. They can be used both outdoors and indoors, including the bathroom.Brother Vellies Cloud SocksThese socks will have your mom feeling as if she’s walking on cloud all day long. Made of cotton, the Cloud Socks come in a variety of colors, like pink, blue, yellow, and more. If you buy her the purple pair, you can provide money for the company’s food donation program in Kenya.Theragun Prime Massage (按摩) GunWith rapid taps on different pats of the body, the Theragun improves blood flow and reduces pain. And unlike other old ones, the Prime model does so without any loud noise, which is perfect for moms looking for relaxation and quiet.1. What is special about Summer Vista Yoga Mat?A．It is made from some natural materials. B．It can be used even in the bathroom.C．It is convenient to be taken outside. D．It has an image of natural views.2. Which of the following would you choose if you want to do something for charity?A．Summer Vista Yoga Mat. B．Bose Quiet Comfort Earbuds.C．Brother Vellies Cloud Socks. D．Theragun Prime Massage Gun.3. Which aspect is improved about Theragun Prime Massage Gun?A．Its noise is properly lowered. B．The price is more affordable.C．The use of electricity is reduced. D．Its strength is greatly increased.2. China is one of the largest producers and consumers of watermelon in the word. And Wu Mingzhu, a schoolmate of Yuan Longping at Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing in the late1940s, is the unsung hero who has helped make this possible.“Is no e xaggeration (夸张) to say that about 80 percent of more than 2,000 of China’s new seed types of watermelons and sweet melons at people’s dining tables every day are the result of great efforts made by Wu and her team over more than 60 years,” said a colleague of Wu’s.In 1955, Wu voluntarily went to work in Shanshan County, Turpan Basin in northwest China’s Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region where working condition were hard. In 1958, Wu began to promote the modern technology of planting melons among farmers. However, the local farmers who were used to folk panting methods, didn’t seem to take kindly to that. With the help of a famous local melon expert, Wu opened up three acres of wasteland to plant melon according to scientific knowledge. When autumn arrived, local farmers found the melons Wu planted in a scientific way were particularly delicious. From then on, the farmers began to adopt Wu’s scientific growing methods.Wu’s efforts to grow quality melons began paying off in 1973 when she went to the off-season breeding base in Hainan. She wanted to develop Hainan as a pilot area so that the south area of China could also grow melons, and realize the dream of three-matured or even four matured melons. After numerous difficulties, finally in the 80s, the melon variety selected by Wu succeeded. Wu said, “In Xinjiang, there are thousands of science and technology workers like me. They have worked hard for decades on the front ne of agriculture. I’m just one of the ordinary ones.”Now dealing with Alzheimer’s diseas e, Wu is often unable to recognize her former colleagues or even her family members who live by her side. But having worked day and night to breed new seed types since the 1950s, she can still remember her melon work.1. What does Wu’s colleague want to sa y according to Paragraph 2?A．People make profits from planting watermelons.B．Wu has made great contributions to planting watermelons.C．China is the largest consumer of watermelon in the world.D．Wu is delighted to see melons at people’s dining tables.2. What can we infer from Paragraph 3?A．Local farmers trusted Wu at first. B．Wu failed to spread her technology.C．Wu’s technology worked in Turpan Basin.D．A local expert improved Wu’s methods. 3. Why did Wu choose Hainan as a breeding base?A．To attract more watermelon consumers.B．To earn more money by selling more melons.C．To guide the local farmers to grow watermelons.D．To improve the speed and efficiency of breeding.4. What is the passage mainly about?A．A devoted watermelon scientist. B．Wu Mingzhu’s lifestyle.C．Wu Mingzhu’s new discovery.D．The modem technology of melongrowing.3. The Netherlands on Monday introduced its first-ever intelligent bicycle, fitted with electronic devices to help bring down the high accident rate among elderly cyclists in the bicycle-mad country．Developed for the government by the Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), the intelligent bicycle, runs on electricity．A commercial-available bicycle is expected to be on the market in the next two years and should sell for between 1, 700 to 3, 200 euros per bicycle．The devices on the bike are linked through an onboard computer with a vibrating (震动的) warning system fitted in the bicycle's saddle and handlebars to warn cyclists of the coming danger.The saddle vibrates when other cyclists approach from behind, while, the handlebars do the same when barriers appear ahead．“Accidents often happen when cyclists look behind them or get a fright when they are passed at high speed,” said Maurice Kwakkernaat, one of TNO's research scientists involved in the project. “The onboard system technology has already been at work in the car industry,” he said.“More and more elderly people are using a bicycle, not only for short distances, b ut also for longer distances, ”Dutch Environment and Infrastructure Minister Melanie Schultz van Haegen told AFP. “This type of bicycle is truly needed in the Netherlands because it will help us bring down the number of elderly people who are injured every year and allow them to continue to enjoycycling, ”she said．In the Netherlands, bicycles outnumber the population of 17 million by at least one million and there are some 25,000 km of bicycle path in the country. Those statistics are set to grow as more and more people take to two-wheeled transport, leading to an increased risk of injury.Last year, 184 cyclists died in the country, of which 124, or 67%, were older than 65, according tothe Central Statistics Office. The year before, 200 cyclists died, the majority of victims also being elderly.The current model weighs 25 kilograms but researchers are working on making the onboard systems smaller.1. The intelligent bicycle is aimed to ________．A．protect the environmentB．help reduce traffic pressureC．popularize the use of bicyclesD．improve safety for elderly cyclists2. Which part of the intelligent bicycle will vibrate when another cyclist was suddenly found ahead ?A．The handlebars.B．The wheels.C．The saddle.D．The onboard computer.3. We can learn from the passage that ________.A．the elderly ride bicycles wherever they goB．the accident rate among elderly cyclists is highC．the number of elderly cyclists is decreasingD．the elderly are planning to give up cycling4. Which is the best title for the passage?A．A Test BicycleB．Elderly CyclistsC．A Smart BicycleD．A Bicycle-mad Country4. A recent report revealed that, in the US alone, 27 million tons of plastic ended up in landfills in 2018, but only 3.1 millon tons were recycled. Wordwide the numbers are similarly bad, with just 9% of plastic being recycled. The statistics are even worse for certain types of plastic. For example, out of 80,000 tons of polystyrene (聚苯乙烯) containers generated in the United States, only a small amount (less than 5,000 tons) was recycled.Now, researchers at The University of Queensland and have found a species of wom with an appetite for polystyrene could be the key to plastic recycling on a mass scale. The superworm caneat through polystyrene, thanks to a bacterial enzyme (酶) in their gut. To study how superworms react to purely plastic food, researchers broke up l35 of the creatures into three teams: one was fed only wheat bran(麸皮), another was fed only plastics, and the third was given nothing.“We found the bran-fed worms have been significantly healthier than the plastic-fed or starved worms, more than doubling their weight over the three weeks they have been monitored. Though the plastic-fed worms made less impressive gains, they still put on more weight than the starved worms,” Dr. Rinke said. “This suggests the worms can get energy from plastics, most likely with the help of their gut microbes.”Researchers used a technique called me a genomics to find several encoded enzymes with the ability to degrade polystyrene. The long-term goal is to engineer enzymes to degrade plastic waste in recycling plants.“Super worms are like mini recycling plants, eating the polystyrene and then feeding it to the bacteria in their gut” Dr. Rinke said. It’s hoped t his bio-up cycling will promote plastic waste recycling and reduce landfills. Researchers said they aim to grow the gut bacteria in the lab and further test its ability to degrade polystyrene. Then they can look into how to upscale this process toa level required for an entire recycling plant1. What problem do the statistics in paragraph 1 indicate?A．Landfills are poorly managed.B．It takes a long time for plastic waste to break up.C．Many plastic containers are of poor quality.D．Plastics are recycle data very low rate.2. How do researchers conduct the study on super worms?A．By collecting data. B．By introducing a concept.C．By making a comparison. D．By refering to a previous study.3. What does the underlined word “degrade” in the fourth pargraph most probably mean?A．consume B．breakdown C．throwaway D．regulate4. What do researchers plan to do?A．Conduct experiments on other worm species.B．Improve gut bacteria’s ability to degrade plastics.C．Apply the bio-up cycling technology to recycling plants.D．Raise super worms on a mass scale to solve plastic pollution.5. There are few natural sounds more uplifting to my spirit than the bright and cheering calls and songs of black-capped chickadees (山雀). One of my morning routines is to step outside the house and listen for the voices of black-caps.There is something comforting to me in black-caps’ presence. 1 Sometimes they are the only birds I’ll hear on my local woodland walks and for me the forest would be a lonelier place without them.Afte r I’d moved into a house on Anchorage’s Hillside, I placed a makeshift feeder on my home’s back. 2 For each, the routine was similar: dashed in, looked around, pecked (啄) at the tray, looked around again, and dashed out. Nervous little creatures, full of bright energy, they soon had me laughing at their funny way, By the time they moved on, I sensed an all-too-rare upwelling of fascination and joy.Within days, a whole new world opened up as woodland neighbors I’d never known, or even imagined, joined the black-caps at my feeders: red-breasted nuthatches, common redpolls…What was remarkable was that all of those species were common residents of the Anchorage area. 3My newfound interest in birds grew quickly, surprising even me. 4 I visited bookstores in search of birding guidebooks. Excitedly exchanged bird descriptions with a stranger. Purchased 50-pound bags of sunflower seeds. All of this seemed very strange to a middle-aged guy who’d never been attracted by birds. Even more, I had previously judged bird watchers to be rather dull sorts.5 They’ve reminded me how my world can expand and become enriched when I make the effort to pay attention. What else awaits me in our world, I wonder, that I haven’t yet discovered or noticed?6. Danielle Boyer knew she was interested in robotics from a young age. But with _________ learning resources, which many Native American students face, Boyer, said she had to take_________ to work out the _________ problem.She _________ herself through watching YouTube videos, reading old electrical engineering books, examining maker kits on Amazon, and then _________ everything related.Now, as the founder of the nonprofit The STEAM Connection, Boyer, 22, is _________to promote technical and cultural educational opportunities among Native American _________ like herself.“I _________ equipping students with 21st century skil ls to be able to create solutions for our communities,” said Boyer, who has dropped out of college to _________ the nonprofit full-time.Tech opportunities are not __________ for many Native American students, who often live on reservations in __________ areas with limited Internet access and face __________ trouble to education and technology, Boyer said. For example, one educational robot that was required for her sister’s participation in a competition was $500.After she __________ the organization, the next thing Boyer did was to __________ Every Kid Gets a Robot, an educational robotics kit with materials for students to fix, wire, and program their own robot cars that they can drive around with their phones. To date, she has __________ more than8,000 kits to native schools, free of cost.1.A．limited B．enough C．modern D．traditional2.A．breaks B．steps C．photos D．drugs3.A．international B．boring C．permanent D．severe4.A．tested B．persuaded C．taught D．comforted5.A．choosing B．listing C．purchasing D．mastering6.A．determined B．occupied C．required D．disappointed 7.A．human B．ladies C．youth D．geniuses8.A．turn down B．believe in C．escape from D．complain about 9.A．run B．find C．sell D．enlarge10.A．funny B．appealing C．precious D．accessible 11.A．busy B．urban C．rural D．developed 12.A．financial B．physical C．deep D．psychological 13.A．refused B．controlled C．founded D．discovered 14.A．show B．invent C．seize D．adopt15.A．designed B．collected C．bought D．sent7. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

山东省招远第一中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期中地理试题及参考答案

2022—2023学年度第二学期期中高二地理试题本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。

共100分。

考试时间90分钟。

注意事项：1.答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、考生号、座号填写在相应位置，认真核对条形码上的姓名、考生号和座号，并将条形码粘贴在指定位置上。

2.选择题答案必须使用2B铅笔（按填涂样例）正确填涂；非选择题答案必须使用0.5毫米黑色签字笔书写，绘图时，可用2B铅笔作答，字体工整、笔迹清楚。

3.请按照题号在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。

保持卡面清洁，不折叠、不破损。

一、选择题（本大题共15小题，每小题3分，共45分。

在每题所列出的四个选项中，只有一项是最符合题目要求的。

）光伏鱼塘采用上层光伏发电，下层鱼塘养殖喜阴凉水产品的模式，实现“一地两用，渔光互补”。

下图为光伏鱼塘景观图。

据此完成1-2各题。

1.实施光伏鱼塘模式的主要目的在于A.提高单位面积经济效益B.提高鱼塘饵料自然生产力C.降低投资成本D.增加水产养殖品种2.光伏鱼塘建成后，最需要人工调整的鱼塘环境因素是A.水温B.盐度C.含氧量D.浮游生物量对传统电气化进行全面升级，实施再电气化是实现碳达峰、碳中和“双碳”目标的重要手段。

再电气化包括两个环节：一是生产环节，二是消费环节。

下图示意实施再电气化的基本路径。

据此完成3-4小题。

3.从生产环节看，再电气化主要体现为（）A.直接用于消费的能源增加B.用于发电的能源占比提升C.化石能源发电量快速下降D.非化石能源占比保持稳定4.推进消费环节再电气化的主要影响因素是（）A.产业结构B.人口数量C.科技水平D.消费需求2022年《政府工作报告》要求确保粮食安全，装满“米袋子”、充实“菜篮子”，把14亿多中国人的饭碗牢牢端在自己手中。

“藏粮于地”是保障我国粮食安全的重要战略举措之一。

读我国2019年耕地等级构成图，据此完成5-7小题。

5.目前，我国实施“藏粮于地”战略的关键是（）A.扩大种植面积B.提高耕地质量C.提高机械化水平D.培育优良品种6.针对各区域实际问题，实现“藏粮于地”做法合理的是（）A.吉林—黑土退化—建设防护林B.江苏张家港—土壤污染—轮作休耕C.黄淮海—土地盐碱化—引淡淋盐D.江西井冈山—土质粘重—增施生石灰7.为了更好的做到“把饭碗端在自己的手里”，我们还应该（）①按照比较优势原则，调整粮食生产布局②大力开发土地资源，提高粮食总产量③改善生态环境，确保粮食生产的可持续④加大农业科研力度，加快科技兴粮步伐A.①②③B.①②④C.②③④D.①③④能源足迹是将能源消耗折算成生物生产性土地面积。

2022-2023学年山东省青岛市一中高二上学期期中生物试题

2022-2023学年山东省青岛市一中高二上学期期中生物试题1. 7月下旬，河南遭遇强降雨洪灾，全国各地的志愿者奔赴河南抗洪救援，经过连续多天的奋战，志愿者手掌、脚掌上都磨出了水疱，几天后水疱可自行消失。

下列叙述正确的是（）A．水疱的主要成分是组织液，其中蛋白质的含量最高B．水疱消失是因为其中的液体仅渗入毛细血管C．水疱的形成和消失说明内环境中物质是不断更新的D．水疱主要是由组织液中的水大量渗出到血浆形成的2. 2021 年 12月9日 15时 40 分，“天宫课堂”第一课开始，神舟十三号乘组航天员翟志刚、王亚平、叶光富在中国空间站进行太空授课。

太空环境中，航天器和航天服为航天员们提供了一个类似于地面的环境，以维持机体的稳态。

稳态是生命系统的特征，是生命科学的基本概念。

下列有关稳态的叙述，错误的是（）A．内环境稳态有利于细胞中酶促反应的正常进行B．新型冠状病毒的入侵可能会破坏人体内环境稳态C．内环境稳态的实质就是内环境的渗透压、温度和酸碱度保持相对稳定D．在生命系统的各个层次上，普遍存在着稳态的现象3.下列属于人体内环境的组成成分及发生在内环境中的生理过程的是（）①水、无机盐、血浆蛋白②激素、突触小泡、氨基酸③葡萄糖、CO2、胰岛素④激素、呼吸酶、氨基酸⑤受体、载体、消化酶⑥乳酸与缓冲对发生反应⑦丙酮酸和水反应产生CO2和[H]A．①③⑥B．③④⑦C．①②⑤D．②③⑥4.如图表示人体内的细胞与外界环境进行物质交换的过程，其中 a、b、c 代表内环境的组成成分。

下列叙述错误的是（）A．某人花粉过敏时可能引起 b 的含量增多B．某人一次摄入大量的食醋，不会引起内环境 pH 明显下降，原因是 a 中含有缓冲对C．在 a、b、c 三种液体中，b 中的 CO 2含量最多D．e表示内分泌系统5.与肌肉注射相比，静脉点滴因能将大剂量药物迅速送到全身细胞而疗效显著。

图中a、b、c 为内环境的相关组成成分（其中 b 为血浆），下列叙述不正确的是（）A．静脉点滴的葡萄糖进入人体后到达组织细胞内至少需穿过 3 层细胞膜B．正常情况下，a 大量被毛细血管吸收进入 b，少量被毛细淋巴管吸收成为 cC．胰液由小肠黏膜分泌产生，经过b运输全身D．静脉点滴一定浓度的血浆蛋白溶液有助于缓解因营养不良引起的组织水肿6.如图表示三种海蟹在实验条件（其他环境条件一定）下，不断改变海水浓度，它们血液浓度的变化情况。

山东省青岛第一中学2021-2022学年高一下学期期中考试英语试题

青岛一中2021-2022学年度第二学期期中考试高一英语试题注意事项：1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。

3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并收回。

第一部分听力（略）第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

ARome can be pricey for travelers, which is why many choose to stay in a hostel (旅社). The hostels in Rome offer a bed in a dorm room for around $25 a night, and for that, you’ll often get to stay in a central location (位置) with security and comfort.Yellow HostelIf I had to make just one recommendation for where to stay in Rome, it would be Yellow Hostel. It’s one of the best-rated hostels in the city, and for good r eason. It’s affordable, and it’s got a fun atmosphere without being too noisy. As an added bonus, it’s close to the main train station.Hostel Alessandro PalaceIf you love social hostels, this is the best hostel for you in Rome. Hostel Alessandro Palace is fun. Staff members hold plenty of bar events for guests like free shots, bar crawls and karaoke. There’s also an area on the rooftop for hanging out with other travelers during the summer.Youth Station HostelIf you’re looking for cleanliness and a modern hostel, look no further than Youth Station. It offers beautiful furnishings and beds. There are plenty of other benefits, too; it doesn’t charge city tax; it has both air conditioning and a heater for the rooms; it also has free Wi-Fi in every room. Hotel and Hostel Des ArtistesHotel and Hostel Des Artistes is located just a 10-minute walk from the central city station and it’s close to all of the city’s main attractions. The staff is friendly and helpful, providing you with a map of the city when you arrive, and offering advice if you require some. However, you need to pay 2 euros a day for Wi-Fi.21. What is probably the major concern of travelers who choose to stay in a hostel?A. Comfort.B. Security.C. Price.D. Location.22.Which hotel best suits people who enjoy an active social life?A. Yellow Hostel.B. Hostel Alessandro Palace.C. Youth Station Hostel.D. Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes.23.What is the disadvantage of Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes?A. It gets noisy at night.B. Its staff is too talkative.C. It charges for Wi-Fi.D. It’s inconveniently located.BA struggling Waffle House employee who was trying to serve nearly 30 people by himself after midnight got a full serving of kindness when some customers jumped behind the counter to help him.Ethan Crispo, 24, witnessed the inspiring scene in the early hours of Nov. 3 at a Waffle House in Birmingham, Alabama.Crispo told TODAY’s Kerry Sanders that he had come to the 24-hour restaurant from a friend’s birthda y party and saw the struggling employee, identified only as Ben, trying to cook the food, serve it, bus tables and wash dishes while more than 25 people were waiting to eat.“The look on his face was just confusion,” Crispo told Sanders.An unidentified male customer then decided to help him out, grabbing an apron and going behind the counter to wash dishes.Another customer, Alison Stanley, went behind the counter to make some coffee—still dressed from a night out on the town.“I don’t think it’s anything special,” Stanley told Sanders. “He needed help, so I got up and helped out.”Crispo took some photos of the scene as multiple customers worked to bus tables and wash dishes while Ben focused on taking orders and preparing the food.Waffle House told TODAY that Ben was left to support himself due to a scheduling issue.“We had two associates scheduled to leave, however, due to a communication mix-up, their relief did not show up on time,” Waffle House director of PR Pat Warner said in a statement. “Tha t left Ben, our cook, alone in the restaurant with hungry customers. He worked the grill (烤架) and got the orders out.”The company was also thankful for the customers who joined in and helped Ben out.“We are grateful that many of our customers feel like t hey are part of our Waffle House family,” Warner said. “There is a sense of community in each and every one of our restaurants, and we appreciate the fact that they consider our associates like family.”“We are also very thankful for Ben, who kept the rest aurant open. He is a representative of our Waffle House culture by always putting the customers first.”Crispo had his usual order, double plain waffle, as he took in the scene of strangers helping out Ben on his shift.“Humanity truly isn’t good, it’s great!” he said.24. Ben was left to work alone during his midnight shift because ________.A. his associates asked for a leaveB. there was a scheduling mistakeC. few customers needed to be servedD. the restaurant was scheduled to close25. Some customers helped Ben out by ________.A. washing dishesB. taking photosC. taking ordersD. cooking food26. Why did the customers lend a helping hand according to Pat Warner?A. They shared the same community spirit.B. They were family members of Ben.C. They wanted to serve themselves.D. They were too hungry to wait.27. How did Crispo feel as a witness of the scene?A. Lucky and excited.B. Moved and inspired.C. Relieved and hopeful.D. Content and unbelievable.CWhen the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl(水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat (栖息地).In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act(Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory (迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political carto onist from Des Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System —a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.28. What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America?A. Loss of wetlands.B. Popularity of water sports.C. Pollution of rivers.D. Arrival of other wild animals.29. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first para graph?A. Acquire.B. Export.C. Destroy.D. Distribute.30. What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934?A. The stamp price has gone down.B. The migratory birds have flown away.C. The hunters have stopped hunting.D. The government has collected money.31. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?A. The Federal Duck Stamp StoryB. The National Wildlife Refuge SystemC. The Benefits of Saving WaterfowlD. The History of Migratory Bird HuntingDWith the commercial sale of its AI-enabled precision spraying(喷洒）technology to a large farming operation in Israel, Greeneye Technology has reached a major milestone in its mission to significantly reduce herbicide(除草剂）use in agriculture, increasing productivity and profitability for farmers.This is the first stage in the company’s global rollout, which will continue in early2022 with its launch in the US market. Initially, Greeneye plans to work with corn and soybean farmers in the Midwest and will increase availability to other states in 2023.Within days of announcing its early adopter program in the US, the company was oversubscribed, indicating the growing interest from farmers for a commercially viable precision spraying solution.Backed by Syngenta, Greeneye says its precision spraying technology has been proven to cut herbicide use by 78% and reduce herbicide costs by more than 50%(average figures),while also improving weed control efficacy(功效,效力）compared to traditional broadcast spraying. This is achieved through Al technology that can detect and spray weeds in crops with 95.7% accuracy.“Weeds represent one of the greatest threats to global crop production,” says Nadav Bocher, CEO of Grceneye Technology. In the US alone, they are estimated to cost farmers more than $ 33 billion annually. Today, farmers address this challenge by spraying herbicides across the entire field. As a result, not only are farmers spending far more money on herbicides than they need to, but millions of gallons of herbicides are being needlessly sprayed each year. This is contributing to the mounting challenges posed by herbicide-resistant weeds and worse still, polluted soil and water.“We are incredibly proud to announce the commercial launch of our precision spraying technology, but reducing herbi cide use is just the beginning,” Bocher says.” The next generation of our technology, which is already in development, will also be capable of precisely spraying chemicals.”“At the same time, our Al capabilities enable us to collect ultra-high-resolution data from the entire field, providing valuable insights to farmers. With this information at our fingertips, Greeneye is positioned to guide the global agriculture industry toward a more sustainable – and profitable future.”32. What can we learn about Gre eneye’s Al-enabled precision spraying technology?A. It is slightly better than the traditional broadcast spraying method.B. Farmers are doubtful whether the technology is precise and useful.C. It has been available in the global market to bring benefits for farmers.D. It is a breakthrough for the company to reduce herbicide use in agriculture.33. According to Bocher, which is NOT a problem caused by the traditional spraying method?A. It results in an unnecessary waste of money and herbicides.B. It poses threats to the environment by polluting soil and water.C. It brings about a growing number of herbicide-resistant weeds.D. It reduces crop production and thus causes the hunger problem.34. What is Bocher’s attitude towards the new technology?A. Supportive.B. Ambiguous.C. Cautious.D. Disapproving.35. What can be a suitable title for the passage?A. AI-enabled Precision Spraying Technology to Change the WorldB. New Adopter Program in Israel Over Subscribed by Eager FarmersC. Greeneye Launches Its AI-enabled Precision Spraying TechnologyD. CEO of Greeneye Technology Reveals Details of Company Profits第二节（共5小题；每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2022-2023学年山东省青岛重点中学高二(下)期中英语试卷(含解析).doc

2022-2023学年山东省青岛重点中学高二（下）期中英语试卷一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共37.5分）AThe MEL in Clean Energy Engineering ProgramThe Master of Engineering Leadership（MEL）in Clean Energy Engineering is a professional degree for engineers who want to stand out and drive innovation in the field of clean energy.This master's program combines graduate-level engineering courses with UBC Sauder's Robert H.Lee Graduate School courses，giving you the skills and confidence to take your career in new directions.Governments and industry are advancing the shift to sustainable energy solutions.Leading organizations are seeking clean energy experts who have the technical understanding to develop innovative solutions that minimize environmental impact.They're also looking for individuals who have the business insightto lead teams and guide change.Choose Engineering and BusinessThe MEL in Clean Energy Engineering program offers a unique combination of technical and business classes，giving you the strategic skills to play a leading role in forward-thinkingorganizations.Engineering courses cover the entire industry value chain，from energy generation，transmission and distribution to energy use and management.Business courses offered by the top ranked UBC Sauder School of Business give you a solid foundation in business strategy，project management，and organizational leadership.Gain a Competitive AdvantageIn this12-month program，you will：●broaden your knowledge of sustainable energy systems，energy storage，energy distribution networks，energy efficiency and energy policy；●sharpen your technical and analytical skills through a project-based curriculum（课程）that involves hands-on learning opportunities；●study under noted faculty and industry experts at UBCS high-tech research centers.1.What do we know about the MEL in Clean Energy Engineering program？______A.It offers lectures about traditional energy.B.It provides both technical and business courses.C.It is sponsored by forward-thinking organizations.D.It centers on developing organizational leadership.2.What is a benefit you can get from the program？______A.Gaining a lot of social experience.B.Becoming better at selling products.C.Learning more about energy use.D.Acquiring the best learning resources.3.What type of writing is this text？______A.An advertisement.B.An official report.C.An announcement.D.An exhibition guide.BMy mother always told me，"You should explore your own country before stepping out into the world."However，it seems like a tough mission to travel all across its expansive surfaces.But luckily for me，Via Rail Canada offered youths between the ages of18and25the chance to ride the train across Canada for the month of July.The ticket was a bargain＄150.My best friends Trevor，Joel and Jeremy and I immediately jumped at the opportunity and secured four tickets on the great Canadian railroad. For a group of20-year-olds，this was like the first flight of young birds from the nest.When we approached the train station in the morning，our22-day adventure from Sudbury to Vancouver was to begin.Eyes baggy from lack of sleep，we jumped on board as if it was the train to Hogwarts in Harry Potter.Although the thought of three full days on those tracks covering close to3，000kilometres crushed our spirits a little，what happened next caught us by surprise.The three days on board turned into a summer camp on rails.At night，we would climb up theglass-domed train car，which gave us a scenic view of the starry night sky，untouched by the harmful light pollution.Before we knew it，the warm sun rays beating down on our faces woke us up for another day on the rails.To my surprise，a sea of golden grain fields dominated the landscape we were in the Canadian Prairies.Another day slipped away and we set up for another night in the dome（圆顶状物）.And this time wewere greeted by night sky painted by a fantastic thunderstorm.Lightning was striking at an incredible rate.The spectacular and memorable light show left everyone in the glass bubble in complete disbelief. Arriving in the Rocky Mountains was one of the most surreal experiences of my life.Before the train adventure，if I could have skipped the travel and arrived at the destination，I would have.That is no longer true.I've learned that the journey can be more enjoyable than the destination.4.What has made the author's train adventure across Canada a reality？______A.The encouragement given by his mother.B.The discount ticket offered by Via Rail Canada.C.The appeal of the scenic views in the country.D.His great courage to challenge a tough mission.5.What can we infer about the young people from Paragraph2______A.They left their parents for the first time in their life.B.They never thought of having a train adventure.C.They were hooked by the magic story of Harry Potter.D.They were excited about the coming train journey.6.What does"the glass bubble"in the fourth paragraph refer to？______A.The glass-domed train car.B.The sightseeing tour.C.A state of excitement.D.A summer camp on the train.7.What did the author learn from the train adventure across Canada？______A.The destination is what matters.B.Adventurous journey attracts young people.C.Enjoying a journey counts a lot.D.The traveling experience is not real to him.CToday，poetry and science are often considered to be mutually exclusive（互相排斥）career paths.But that wasn't always the case.The mathematician Ada Lovelace and the physicist James Clerk Maxwell were both accomplished poets.The poet John Keats was a licensed bining the two practices fell out of favor in the1800s.But translating research into lyrics，haiku，and other poetic forms is resurging（再现）among scientists as they look for alternative ways to inspire others with their findings."Poetry is a great tool for questioning the world，"says Sam Illingworth，a poet and a geoscientist who works at the University of Western Australia.Through workshops and a new science-poetry journal，called Consilience，Illingworth is helping scientists to translate their latest results into poems that can attract appreciation from those outside their immediate scientific field.Stephany Mazon，a scientist from the University of Helsinki in Finland，joined one of Illingworth's workshops.In the workshop，she was grouped with other scientists and tasked with writing a haiku，a 17-syllable-long poem，which spotlighted water，a fluid that featured in all of the group members research projects."It was a lot of fun，and surprisingly easy to write the poem，"Mazon says.She plans to continue writing."…We do a disservice（伤害）to ourselves to think that scientists can't be artistic and that art can't be used to communicate scientific ideas."Mazon says.That viewpoint is echoed by Illingworth，who thinks science communication initiatives are too often dominated by public lectures with their hands-off PowerPoint slides."Actually，when science communication involves writing and sharing poems，it invites a two-way dialogue between experts and nonexperts，"he says.Scientist-poet Manjula Silva，an educator at Imperial College London，agrees."Poetry provides a way to translate complex scientific concepts into a language that everyone can understand"，Silva says.Scientists and poets are both trying to understand the world and communicate that understanding with others.The distinction between scientists and poets is less than people might think.We're all just people with，hopefully，really interesting things to say and to share.8.What is the purpose of mentioning the celebrities in paragraph1？______A.To display they were talented.B.To show poetry and science can be combined.C.To encourage different career paths.D.To confirm they were out of favor.9.What are Illingworth's workshops aimed to do？______A.Promote a new science-poetry journal.B.Inspire outsiders to pursue their careers in science.C.Get scientists to exchange ideas about the latest research.D.Encourage science communication through poems.10.What does Illingworth think of the dominant ways of science communication？______A.Innovative.B.Effective.C.Conventional.plex.11.Which of the following is the best title for the text______A.Scientists and Poets Think AlikeB.Scientists Take on PoetryC.Poetry：A Great Tool to Question the WorldD.Science Communication：A Two-way DialogueDGiven how valuable intelligence and automation are，we will continue to improve our technology if we are at all able to.At a certain point，we will build machines that are smarter than we are.Once we have machines that are smarter than we are，they will begin to improve themselves.The concern is really that we will build machines that are much more competent than we are.And the slightest divergence（分歧）between their goals and our own could destroy us.Just think about how we relate to ants.We don't hate them.We don't go out of our way to harm them.In fact，sometimes we take pains not to harm them.We step over them on the sidewalk.But whenever their presence seriously conflicts with one of our goals，we will kill them without hesitation.The concern is that we will one day build machines that，whether they're conscious or not，could treat us with similar disregard.The bare fact is that we will continue to improve our intelligent machines.We have problems that we desperately need to solve.So we will do this，if we can.The train is already out of the station，and there' no brake to pull.If we build machines that are more intelligent than we are，they will very likely develop in ways that we can't imagine，and transcend us in ways that we can't imagine.So imagine we hit upon a design of super intelligent AI that has no safety concerns.This machine would be the perfect labor-saving device.It can design the machine that can build the machine which can do any physical work，powered by sunlight，more or less for the cost of raw materials.So we're talking about the end of human labour.We're also talking about the end of most intellectual work.So what would apes like ourselves do in these circumstances？But the moment we admit that information processing is the source of intelligence，we have to admit that we are in the process of building some sort of god.Now would be a good time to make sure it's a god we can live with.12.Why does the author mention ants in Paragraph2？______A.To indicate future intelligent machines could treat us without mercy.B.To show improved machines will escape from us.C.To stress the presence of machines does conflict with our goals.D.To compare intelligent machines to ants.13.Which of the following sayings shares similar meaning with the underlined sentence inParagraph3？______A.Time and tide wait for no man.B.Rome wasn't built in a day.C.Tomorrow is another day.D.Shot arrows will not come back.14.How is the passage mainly developed？______A.By giving assumptions.B.By making comparisons.C.By showing evidence.D.By analyzing statistics.15.Which of the following statements can best summarize the author's viewpoint towards AI？______A.Human beings will no doubt be destroyed by AI in the future.B.Super intelligent AI will put an end to human labour eventually.C.We should keep the development of AI within human's control.D.Human beings should stop the development of super intelligent AI.二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共12.5分）There have been several incidents in recent years where people died because of unsafe crowd conditions and stampedes（人群的蜂拥），the latest one unfolding in Seoul，South Korea，with at least155deaths reported.This may leave some people thinking there's little you can do to survive a stampede.（1）______But crowd-safety experts say there are several strategies that could help you avoid a potentially deadly outcome.Consider these steps below：The key to staying safe in a crowd begins as soon as you arrive at the location，says Randy Atlas，a safety consultant based in Fort Lauderdale.（2）______It's a piece of common sense advice that Atlas applies not just at big events，but even when entering almost any room.If there's a sudden panic and crowds begin to push in a certain direction，your instinct（本能）may be to fight back and push the opposite way.（3）______If you go against the flow，you increase your chances of getting tripped and knocked down.Another risk，according to experts：If you fight the crowd，you will tire yourself out quickly in a situation where energy is needed.As you move forward with the crowd，it's best to move in a diagonal（对角线的）direction so you can potentially angle your way out of the situation.The goal is to get to the edge of the stampede where it's less likely that you'll end up stuck at a choke-point，like a doorway.（4）______Look for a solid structure to stand behind such as a pillar or a wall.Other places to duck：behind a car or even a lamp post.In many stampede events，people die simply because they are crushed to the point they can't breathe.But a possible way to avoid this is to place your arms in front of you，almost in a boxer-like position.That could give you some very valuable breathing room，literally.（5）______A.To shelter yourself is，indeed，another potential way.B.But that could be a big mistake，Atlas warns.C.In this case，you don't necessarily have to wait and let time slip by.ly，to take note of where the nearest exits are.E.It's simple，but surprisingly effective and possibly life-saving.F.Furthermore，events like Halloween gathering，are likely to turn deadly.G.Indeed，it's a frightening situation and circumstances may make it impossible to escape.16. A.A B.B C.C D.D E.EF.FG.G17. A.A B.B C.C D.D E.EF.FG.G18. A.A B.B C.C D.D E.EF.FG.G19. A.A B.B C.C D.D E.EF.FG.G20. A.A B.B C.C D.D E.EF.FG.G三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共15.0分）I've been working as a UN Peacekeeper in the Central African Republic for the past two years.Before this，I was a pilot and I（1）______my work.However，I felt it was my duty to help innocent people who are caught in trouble，so I（2）______the United Nations.The Central African Republic is a relatively small country.Since it got（3）______from France in the 1950s，there have been many violent conflicts between the government and rebels（反叛者）.In2012，a civil war began，due to which，over one million people were forced to（4）______their homes and there were many deaths and injuries.（5）______，the United Nations launched a peacekeeping（6）______in the country.We peacekeepers（7）______cities and villages to（8）______that no conflict is occurring and help bring supplies of food and medicine.We are a（9）______that can keep people in conflict apart.As a woman，I am particularly（10）______as I can act as a role model for many women and girls in the country.When they see how others respect me，they feel that they also（11）______to be respected and treated（12）______to man.My life is not（13）______in any way!It's long hours in a very tough environment.I have basic（14）______with just a bed in a shared room.Of course，being away from my family and friends is also very hard at times.However，I know that the Central African Republic is safer because of the UN Peacekeepers，and that makes it all（15）______.21. A.hated B.changed C.guarded D.enjoyed22. A.gave in to B.signed up with C.kept up with D.looked up to23. A.treatment B.inspiration C.technology D.independence24. A.flee B.return C.sweep D.tend25. A.In return B.In surprise C.In addition D.In response26. A.measure B.reputation C.mission D.business27. A.monitor B.expand C.follow D.block28. A.report B.prove C.ensure D.predict29. A.bridge B.castle C.barrier D.shelter30. A.protected B.valued C.trusted D.doubted31. A.deserve B.prefer C.plan D.fail32. A.gently B.equally C.intimately D.honestly33. A.boring B.rewarding C.difficult D.fancy34. A.association B.administration C.accommodation D.adaptation35. A.available B.worthwhile C.ambitious cational四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）36.This year，China's express delivery firms（1）______（handle）552million parcels on Nov 11，1.8times the usual daily average，the State Post Bureau said Saturday.The country's courier sector makes good preparations for the peak season that may continue until Nov20，and the delivery network is running（2）______（smooth）.（3）______（intend）for young people at first，Singles'Day（Nov11）is a time of the year when people，especially singles，loosen their purse strings for online shopping.（4）______started as an experiment thirteen years ago has turned into the world's（5）______（big）single-day shopping gala.The date was chosen for the shopping gala（6）______Nov11，written as11.11，looks like unitary figures representing singles.And the success of the shopping gala，also called" double11"，owes almost everything（7）______the internet，in other words，digital technology. During the past few years，the digital economy（8）______（develop）into one of the dominant economic forces in China.Accordingly，the country has decided to make the digital economy（9）______driver of development，and promote digital industrialization and digital（10）______（evolve）of the industry.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共40.0分）37.假如你是学校英语报的记者李华，上周你校举办了"社交媒体脱瘾"活动。

2022-2023学年山东省青岛市青岛第一中学高一上学期期中数学试题(解析版)

2022-2023学年山东省青岛市青岛第一中学高一上学期期中数学试题一、单选题1．已知集合{}0,1,2A =，{},B ab a A b A =∈∈，则集合B 中元素个数为（） A ．2 B ．3C ．4D ．5【答案】C【分析】由列举法列出集合B 的所有元素，即可判断；【详解】解：因为{}0,1,2A =，a A b A ∈∈,，所以0ab =或1ab =或2ab =或4ab =，故{}{},0,1,2,4B ab a A b A =∈∈=，即集合B 中含有4个元素；故选：C2．命题“212,0x x a ∀≤≤-≤”为真命题的一个充分不必要条件是（） A ．4a ≥ B ．5a ≥C ．4a ≤D ．5a ≤【答案】B【分析】根据命题是真命题，由12x ∀≤≤，2a x ≥恒成立求解. 【详解】因为命题“12x ∀≤≤，20x a -≤”是真命题，所以12x ∀≤≤，2a x ≥恒成立，所以4a ≥，结合选项，命题是真命题的一个充分不必要条件是5a ≥，故选：B3．不等式23180x x -++<的解集为（） A ．{6x x >或3}x <- B ．{}36x x -<< C ．{3x x >或6}x <- D ．{}63x x -<<【答案】A【分析】根据二次不等式的解法求解即可. 【详解】23180x x -++<可化为23180x x -->，即()()630x x -+>，即6x >或3x <-．所以不等式的解集为{6x x >或3}x <-. 故选：A4．函数①x y a =；②x y b =；③x y c =；④x y d =的图象如图所示，a ，b ，c ，d 分别是下列四个数：54，3，13，12中的一个，则a ，b ，c ，d 的值分别是（）A ．54313，12B 354，13，12C ．12，13354，D ．13，12，543【答案】C【分析】根据指数函数的性质，结合函数图象判断底数的大小关系.【详解】由题图，直线1x =与函数图象的交点的纵坐标从上到下依次为c ，d ，a ，b ，5113423>>>. 故选：C ．5．已知函数()f x 的定义域为[]-2,2，则函数()()212x g x f x =- ） A ．[]0,1 B ．[]1,0-C ．1,12⎡⎤-⎢⎥⎣⎦D ．1,02⎡⎤-⎢⎥⎣⎦【答案】B【分析】列出使函数()g x 有意义的不等式组，解不等式组可得结果.【详解】要使()g x 有意义，则222120xx -≤≤⎧⎨-≥⎩，解得10x -≤≤，所以函数()g x 的定义域为[]1,0-. 故选：B.6．若定义在R 的奇函数f (x )在(,0)-∞单调递减，且f (2)=0，则满足(10)xf x -≥的x 的取值范围是（） A ．[)1,1][3,-+∞ B ．3,1][,[01]-- C ．[1,0][1,)-⋃+∞ D ．[1,0][1,3]-⋃【答案】D【分析】首先根据函数奇偶性与单调性，得到函数()f x 在相应区间上的符号，再根据两个数的乘积大于等于零，分类转化为对应自变量不等式，最后求并集得结果.【详解】因为定义在R 上的奇函数()f x 在(,0)-∞上单调递减，且(2)0f =，所以()f x 在(0,)+∞上也是单调递减，且(2)0f -=，(0)0f =，所以当(,2)(0,2)x ∈-∞-⋃时，()0f x >，当(2,0)(2,)x ∈-+∞时，()0f x <，所以由(10)xf x -≥可得：0210x x <⎧⎨-≤-≤⎩或0012x x >⎧⎨≤-≤⎩或0x = 解得10x -≤≤或13x ≤≤，所以满足(10)xf x -≥的x 的取值范围是[1,0][1,3]-⋃，故选：D.【点睛】本题考查利用函数奇偶性与单调性解抽象函数不等式，考查分类讨论思想方法，属中档题. 7．已知函数(1)(f x x -R)∈是偶函数，且函数()f x 的图像关于点(1,0)对称，当[1,1]x ∈-时，()1f x ax =-，则(2022)f =（）A ．1-B ．2-C ．0D ．2【答案】A【分析】先由题给条件求得函数()f x 的最小正周期为8，再利用周期、对称轴的性质即可求得(2022)f 的值.【详解】根据题意，函数(1)(f x x -R)∈是偶函数，则函数()f x 的对称轴为=1x -，则有()(2)f x f x =--，又由函数()f x 的图像关于点(1,0)成中心对称，则()(2)f x f x =--，则有(2)(2)f x f x --=--，则(4)()f x f x +=-，则有(8)(4)=()f x f x f x +=-+，则函数()f x 是周期为8的周期函数，则(2022)(22538)f f =-+⨯(2)(0)1f f =-==- 故选：A ．8．若,,(0,1)r s t ∈，且45log log lg r s t ==，则（） A ．1115104r s t << B ．1113104s r t << C ．1111054t s r << D ．1111054r t s <<【答案】A【分析】令45log log lg r s t a ===，由,,(0,1)r s t ∈则a<0，将对数式转化为指数式，统一其指数为常数20a，比较其底数的大小关系，结合幂函数的性质解答．【详解】解：设45log log lg (0)r s t a a ===<，则4a r =，5a s =，10a t =，()15442044aar ==，()14552055a a s ==，()121010201010a a t==．因为54245100>>>，且函数20(0)a y x a =<在(0,)+∞上是减函数，所以1115104r s t <<．故选A【点睛】本题考查指对数的运算及幂函数的性质．属于中档题．二、多选题9．已知集合{}{}1,4,,1,2,3A a B ==，若{}1,2,3,4A B =，则a 的取值可以是（） A ．2 B ．3 C ．4 D ．5【答案】AB【分析】根据并集的结果可得{}1,4,a {}1,2,3,4，即可得到a 的取值；【详解】解：因为{}1,2,3,4A B =，所以{}1,4,a {}1,2,3,4，所以2a =或3a =；故选：AB10．下列说法正确的有（） A ．21x y x+=的最小值为2B ．已知1x >，则4211y x x =+--的最小值为1 C ．若正数x ，y 为实数，若23x y xy +=，则2x y +的最大值为3D ．设x ，y 为实数，若2291x y xy ++=，则3x y +【答案】BD【分析】对于A 选项，当0x <时，0y <，故A 选项错误；对于C 选项，可以利用基本不等式求出2x y +的最小值为3，所以C 选项错误；对于BD 选项，可以根据已知条件，结合不等式的性质，以及基本不等式的公式，即可求解.【详解】对于A 选项，当0x <时，210x y x +=<，故A 选项错误，对于B 选项，当1x >时，10x ->，则44212(1)122(1)1111y x x x x x =+-=-++-=--，当且仅当1x =时，等号成立，故B 选项正确，对于C 选项，若正数x 、y 满足23x y xy +=，则2213x y xy x y+==+，12112212(2)()(5)(523333x y x y x y x y y x +=++=+++=，当且仅当1x y ==时，等号成立，故C 选项错误，对于D 选项，()()()()222222355719333333412x y x y xy x y x yx y x y +=++=+-⋅⋅+-⋅=+，所以212(3)7x y +,当且仅当3y x =时，等号成立，可得22137x y +，x y ==3x y +D 选项正确．故选：BD ．11．已知函数()122x xf x =+，则（） A ．()24log 33f =B ．()f x 的最小值为2C ．()f x 为偶函数D ．()f x 在(),-∞+∞上单调递增【答案】BC【分析】A 直接代入计算并验证；B 利用换元法得到1()g t t t=+，结合基本不等式确定最值；C 根据奇偶性的定义判断即可；D 由B 中换元法，所得对勾函数的性质可直接判断单调区间.【详解】A ：()22log 32log 31110log 323233f =+=+=，错误；B ：令20x t =>，则1()()2f x g t t t ==+≥=当且仅当1t =，即0x =时取等号，正确；C ：11()22()22x x x x f x f x ---=+=+=且x R ∈，()f x 为偶函数，正确；D ：由B ，若20x t =>，1()()f x g t t t ==+，则()g t 在(0,1) 上递减，在(1,)+∞ 上递增，所以()f x 在(,0)-∞上递减，(0,)+∞上递增，错误；故选：BC.12．已知函数()f x x x =，若对任意的x ∈[t ，t +1]，不等式()()3f x t f x +≥恒成立，则整数t 的取值可以是（） A ．1- B ．1C ．3D ．5【答案】CD【分析】首先判断()f x 在R 上为增函数，将不等式转化为x t +≥，即)1t x ≥对任意的x ∈[t ，t +1]恒成立，利用一次函数的单调性，解不等式可得所求范围.【详解】()f x x x =，当0x ≥时，()2f x x =，在[)0,∞+递增，当0x ≤时，()2f x x =-，在(],0-∞上递增，且()00f =，()f x 为连续函数，所以()f x 在R 上为增函数，且())3f x f=，由对任意的x ∈[t ，t +1]，不等式()()3f x t f x +≥恒成立，即())f x t f+≥，即x t +≥，所以)1t x ≥对任意的x ∈[t ，t +1]恒成立，由)1y x =在[t ，t +1]上递增，可得)1y x =的最大值为)()11t +，即)()11t t ≥+，解得1t .故选：CD【点睛】关键点点睛：本题考查了函数的单调性的判断以及应用，解不等式以及不等式恒成立问题的解法，解题的关键是将不等式转化为)1t x ≥对任意的x ∈[t ，t +1]恒成立，考查了转化思想和运算求解能力.三、填空题13．下列各组中两函数相等的有____. ①()()()22,1f x x g x x ==+ ②()()111,1f xg x x x =+=+③()()2,25f x g x x ==-④()()42,f x g tx==【答案】④【解析】分别看()(),f x g x 的定义域和解析式是否相同即可.【详解】对于①，()(),f x g x 的定义域都为R ，但解析式不一样，故不相等；对于②，()f x 的定义域为{}0x x ≠，()g x 的定义域为{}1x x ≠-，故不相等；对于③，()f x 的定义域为52x x ⎧⎫≥⎨⎬⎩⎭，()g x 的定义域为R ，故不相等；对于④，()(),f x g x 的定义域都为{}0x x >，且解析式可化为一样，故相等；故答案为：④14．函数254y x x =-+的单调递增区间是________.【答案】[)4∞+，【分析】先求出函数的定义域，再根据254y x x =-+的单调性即可得出.【详解】令2540x x -+≥，解得4x ≥或1x ≤，所以函数254y x x =-+的定义域为(][),14,-∞⋃+∞，而函数254y x x =-+的对称轴是52x =，故函数254y x x =-+的单调递增区间是[)4∞+，. 故答案为：[)4∞+，. 15．《九章算术》是中国传统数学最重要的著作，奠定了中国传统数学的基本框架，其中卷第九勾股中记载：“今有邑，东西七里，南北九里，各中开门．出东门一十五里有木．问出南门几何步而见木?”其算法为：东门南到城角的步数，乘南门东到城角的步数，乘积作被除数，以树距离东门的步数作除数，被除数除以除数得结果，即出南门x 里见到树，则11972215x ⎛⎫⎛⎫⨯⨯⨯ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭=．若一小城，如图所示，出东门1200步有树，出南门750步能见到此树，则该小城的周长的最小值为（注：1里300=步）________ 里.【答案】10【分析】根据题意得出EF GF AG BE ⋅=，进而可得出54102EF GF AG BE ⋅=⋅=⨯=，结合基本不等式求()4EF GF +的最小值即可.【详解】因为1里300=步，由图可知，1200BE =步4=里，750AG =步52=里， //FG OB ，则AFG FBE ∠=∠，且90AGF FEB ∠=∠=，所以，AFG FBE △△，所以，AG FG EF BE =，则54102EF GF AG BE ⋅=⋅=⨯=，所以，该小城的周长为()4EF GF +≥=.故答案为：【点睛】易错点睛：利用基本不等式求最值时，要注意其必须满足的三个条件：（1）“一正二定三相等”“一正”就是各项必须为正数；（2）“二定”就是要求和的最小值，必须把构成和的二项之积转化成定值；要求积的最大值，则必须把构成积的因式的和转化成定值；（3）“三相等”是利用基本不等式求最值时，必须验证等号成立的条件，若不能取等号则这个定值就不是所求的最值，这也是最容易发生错误的地方.16．若不等式4220x a x +-+>对x R ∈恒成立，则实数a 的取值范围是_______________________．【答案】32a <【分析】应用换元法将题设不等式转化为2220a t t -+>在(0,)+∞上恒成立，根据二次函数的性质求a 的范围.【详解】令20x t =>，则2220a t t -+>在(0,)+∞上恒成立，若2(2)2a t f t t -+=，开口向上且对称轴120a t -=> ∴2280a ∆=-<，解得32a <. 故答案为：32a <四、解答题17．（1）求值：013263290.125[(2)]8-⎛⎫-+-+ ⎪⎝⎭；（2）已知11223(0)a aa -+=>，求值：22111a a a a --++++.【答案】（1）81；（2）6.【分析】（1）（2）根据指数幂的运算性质即可求出.【详解】（1）原式1366331()12(3)8-=-++21872=-++81=；（2）由11223(0)a aa -+=>，而111222()27a a a a --+=+-=，则2212()247a a a a --+=+-=，故22114716171a a a a --+++==+++. 18．已知二次函数()f x 满足()()12f x f x x +-=，()01f =．（1）求()f x 的解析式．（2）求()f x 在[]1,1-上的最大值．【答案】（1）()21f x x x =-+；（2）3．【分析】（1）设2()f x ax bx c =++，()0a ≠，代入求解(1)()2f x f x x +-=，化简求解系数．（2）将二次函数配成顶点式，分析其单调性，即可求出其最值．【详解】（1）设()2f x ax bx c =++，()0a ≠，则()()()()()221112f x f x a x b x c ax bx c ax a b +-=++++-++=++，∴由题1c =，22ax a b x ++=恒成立 ∴22a =，0a b +=，1c =得1a =，1b，1c =，∴()21f x x x =-+.（2）由（1）可得()2213124f x x x x ⎛⎫=-+=-+ ⎪⎝⎭，所以()f x 在11,2⎡⎤-⎢⎥⎣⎦单调递减，在1,12⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦单调递增，且()13f -=，()11f =∴()()max 13f x f =-=.19．设命题{}2:|40A x x x α=+=，命题(){}2:|2110B x x a x a β=+++-=，若α是β的必要条件，但α不是β的充分条件，求实数a 的取值组成的集合. 【答案】(3,0)-．【分析】由α是β的必要不充分条件得出集合A 与B 的包含关系而得解. 【详解】由240x x +=得0x =或4x =-，∴{}4,0A =-，由α是β的必要条件，但α不是β的充分条件得αβ且βα⇒，从而有B A ，∴B =∅或{}4B =-或{}0B =，当B =∅时，24(1)4(1)4(3)0a a a a ∆=+--=+<，∴30a -<<；当{}4B =-时，()()()()2248119904141430a a a a a a a ⎧-++-=-=⎪⎨∆=+--=+=⎪⎩，无解；当{}0B =时，2104(1)4(1)4(3)0a a a a a -=⎧⎨∆=+--=+=⎩，无解；综上：实数a 的取值组成的集合为(3,0)-． 20．已知函数()mf x x x=+，且()15f =．（1）求m ；（2）判断并证明()f x 的奇偶性；（3）判断函数()f x 在()2,∞+，上是单调递增还是单调递减？并证明．【答案】（1）4m =；（2）奇函数，证明见解析；（3）单调递增函数，证明见解析. 【分析】（1）根据题意，将1x =代入函数解析式，求解即可；（2）利用奇函数的定义判断并证明即可；（3）利用函数单调性的定义判断并证明即可．【详解】（1）根据题意，函数()mf x x x=+，且()15f =，则()115f m =+=，解得4m =；（2）由（1）可知()4f x x x=+，其定义域为{}0x x ≠，关于原点对称，又由()()44f x x x f x x x⎛⎫-=--=-+=- ⎪⎝⎭，所以()f x 是奇函数；（3）()f x 在()2,∞+上是单调递增函数．证明如下：设122x x <<，则()()()121212121212444x x f x f x x x x x x x x x ⎛⎫⎛⎫--=+-+=-⋅ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭，因为122x x <<，所以124x x >，120x x -<，则()()120f x f x -<，即()()12f x f x <，所以()f x 在()2,∞+上是单调递增函数．21．2022年第24届北京冬季奥林匹克运动会，于2022年2月4日星期五开幕，将于2月20日星期日闭幕．该奥运会激发了大家对冰雪运动的热情，与冰雪运动有关的商品销量持续增长．对某店铺某款冰雪运动装备在过去的一个月内（以30天计）的销售情况进行调查发现：该款冰雪运动装备的日销售单价()P x （元/套）与时间x （被调查的一个月内的第x 天）的函数关系近似满足()1kP x x=+（k 为正常数）．该商品的日销售量()Q x （个）与时间x （天）部分数据如下表所示：已知第10天该商品的日销售收入为121元． (1)求k 的值；(2)给出两种函数模型：①()Q x ax b =+，②()|25|Q x a x b =-+，请你根据上表中的数据，从中选择你认为最合适的一种函数来描述该商品的日销售量()Q x 与时间x 的关系，并求出该函数的解析式； (3)求该商品的日销售收入()f x （130x ≤≤，*N x ∈）（元）的最小值．【答案】(1)1k =(2)选择②，()125|25|Q x x =--，（130x ≤≤，*N x ∈） (3)121元【分析】（1）根据第10天该商品的日销售收入为121元，列式求得答案；（2）由表中数据的变化可确定()|25|Q x a x b =-+描述该商品的日销售量()Q x 与时间x 的关系，代入表述数据可求得其解析式；（3）讨论去掉绝对值符号，分段求出函数的最小值，比较可得答案. 【详解】（1）因为第10天该商品的日销售收入为121元，所以(10)(10)111012110k P Q ⎛⎫⋅=+⋅= ⎪⎝⎭，解得1k =；（2）由表中数据可得，当时间变化时，该商品的日销售量有增有减，并不单调，故只能选②:()|25|Q x a x b =-+代入数据可得：11010251202025a ba b ⎧=-+⎪⎨=-+⎪⎩，解得1a =-，125b =，所以()125|25|Q x x =--，（130x ≤≤，*N x ∈）（3）由（2）可得，()**100,125,N 12525150,2530,N x x x Q x x x x x ⎧+≤<∈=--=⎨-≤≤∈⎩，所以，()()()**100101,125,N 150149,2530,N x x x xf x P x Q x x x x x ⎧++≤<∈⎪⎪=⋅=⎨⎪+-≤≤∈⎪⎩，所以当125x ≤<，*N x ∈时，100()101f x x x=++在区间[1,10]上单调递减，在区间[10,25)上单调递增，所以当10x =时，()f x 有最小值，且为121；当2530x ≤≤，*N x ∈时，150()149f x x x=+-为单调递减函数，所以当30x =时，()f x 有最小值，且为124，综上，当10x =时，()f x 有最小值，且为121元，所以该商品的日销售收入最小值为121元．22．已知函数()2f x x =，对任意实数t ，()1tg x tx =-+.（1）求函数()()0y g x f x =-的奇偶性；（2）()()()t xh x g x f x =-在(]0,2上是单调递减的，求实数t 的取值范围；（3）若()()2f x mg x <对任意10,3x ⎛⎤∈ ⎥⎝⎦恒成立，求m 的取值范围.【答案】（1）偶函数；（2）1,4⎛⎤-∞ ⎥⎝⎦；（3）1133⎛⎫⎛⎫-∞-⋃+∞ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭，，【分析】（1）利用奇偶性定义判断偶函数；（2）利用减函数的定义，建立不等式，求出t 的范围；（3）用分离参数法，定义新函数()()()2f x q x g x =，只需()max m q x >，讨论()()()2f x q x g x =的单调性，求出最大值，解不等式即可求出m 的取值范围.【详解】（1）记()()()201p x g x f x x =-=-，定义域为R ，因为()()()221=1p x x x x p =--=--，所以()()0y g x f x =-为偶函数.（2）()()()11t x h x g x tx f x x=-=+-，任取1202x x ≤<≤，则()()1212121111h x h x tx tx x x ⎛⎫⎛⎫-=+--+- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭()111211t x x x x ⎛⎫=-+- ⎪⎝⎭()()2112121x x tx x x x --=要使()h x 在(]0,2上是单调递减的，只需()()120h x h x ->恒成立. 因为1202x x ≤<≤，所以21120,04x x x x -><<，所以只需1210tx x ->恒成立，即121t x x <恒成立，因为1204x x <<，所以14t ≤，即实数t 的取值范围为1,4⎛⎤-∞ ⎥⎝⎦.（3）()221g x x =-+在10,3x ⎛⎤∈ ⎥⎝⎦上的值域为113⎡⎫⎪⎢⎣⎭，， ∴要使()()2f x mg x <对任意10,3x ⎛⎤∈ ⎥⎝⎦恒成立，只需()()2f x m g x >对任意10,3x ⎛⎤∈ ⎥⎝⎦恒成立.记()()()221,0213f x x q x x x g x ⎛⎫==<≤ ⎪-+⎝⎭，只需()max m q x >.任取12103x x <<≤，则()()221212122121x x q x q x x x -=--+-+()()()()2212211221212121x x x x x x -+--+-=+-+()()()()1212121222121x x x x x x x x -++=-+-+因为12103x x <<≤，所以12121212210,210,0,20x x x x x x x x -+>-+>-<++>，所以()()()()12121212202121x x x x x x x x -++<-+-+，所以 ()221x q x x =-+在10,3⎛⎤ ⎥⎝⎦单增，所以()max1119=133213q x q ⎛⎫== ⎪⎝⎭-⨯+，即13m >，解得：13m >或13m <-，所以m 的取值范围是1133⎛⎫⎛⎫-∞-⋃+∞ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭，，【点睛】（1）定义法证明函数单调性的步骤： ①取值；②作差；③定号；④下结论．单调性法求最值是求值域最常用的方法；（2）求参数范围的问题，可以用分离参数法转化为求最值来解决.23．已知函数()y x ϕ=的图象关于点(),P a b 成中心对称图形的充要条件是()()2a x a x b ϕϕ++-=．给定函数()61f x x x =-+．（1）求函数()f x 图象的对称中心；（2）判断()f x 在区间()0,∞+上的单调性（只写出结论即可）；（3）已知函数()g x 的图象关于点()1,1对称，且当[]0,1x ∈时，()2g x x mx m =-+．若对任意[]10,2x ∈，总存在[]21,5x ∈，使得()()12g x f x =，求实数m 的取值范围．【答案】（1）()1,1--；（2）()f x 在区间()0,∞+上为增函数；（3）[]2,4-.【解析】（1）根据题意可知，若函数()f x 关于点(),a b 中心对称，则()()2f a x f a x b ++-=，然后利用()61f x x x =-+得出()f a x +与()f a x -，代入上式求解；（2）因为函数y x =及函数61y x =-+在()0,∞+上递增，所以函数()61f x x x =-+在()0,∞+上递增；（3）根据题意可知，若对任意[]10,2x ∈，总存在[]21,5x ∈，使得()()12g x f x =，则只需使函数()g x 在[]10,2x ∈上的值域为()f x 在[]21,5x ∈上的值域的子集，然后分类讨论求解函数()g x 的值域与函数()f x 的值域，根据集合间的包含关求解参数m 的取值范围．【详解】解：（1）设函数()f x 图象的对称中心为(),a b ，则()()20f a x f a x b ++--=．即()()662011x a x a b x a x a +-+-+--=++-++，整理得()()()()22161a b x a b a a -=-+-+，于是()()()()21610a b a b a a -=-+-+=，解得1a b ==-．所以()f x 的对称中心为()1,1--；（2）函数()f x 在()0,∞+上为增函数；（3）由已知，()g x 值域为()f x 值域的子集．由（2）知()f x 在[]1,5上单增，所以()f x 的值域为[]2,4-．于是原问题转化为()g x 在[]0,2上的值域[]2.4A ⊆-． ①当02m≤，即0m ≤时，()g x 在[]0,1单增，注意到()2g x x mx m =-+的图象恒过对称中心()1,1，可知()g x 在(]1,2上亦单增，所以()g x 在[]0,2上单增，又()0g m =，()()2202g g m =-=-，所以[],2A m m =-．因为[][],22,4m m -⊆-，所以224m m ≥-⎧⎨-≤⎩，解得20m -≤≤．②当012m <<，即02m <<时，()g x 在0,2m ⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭单减，,12m ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭单增，又()g x 过对称中心()1,1，所以()g x 在1,22m ⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭单增，2,22m ⎛⎤- ⎥⎝⎦单减；此时()()min 2,,max 0,222m m A g g g g ⎛⎫⎧⎫⎧⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫=-⎨⎬⎨⎬ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎩⎭⎩⎭⎝⎭．欲使[]2,4A ⊆-，只需()()222022224g g m m m g m ⎧=-=-≥-⎪⎨⎛⎫=-+≥- ⎪⎪⎝⎭⎩且()2042224224g m m m mg g m ⎧=≤⎪⎨⎛⎫⎛⎫-=-=-+≤ ⎪ ⎪⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎩解不等式得24m -≤，又02m <<，此时02m <<． ③当12m≥，即2m ≥时，()g x 在[]0,1单减，在(]1,2上亦单减，由对称性，知()g x 在[]0,2上单减，于是[]2,A m m =-．因为[][]2,2,4m m -⊆-，所以224m m -≥-⎧⎨≤⎩,解得24m ≤≤．综上，实数m 的取值范围为[]2,4-．【点睛】本题考查函数的对称中心及对称性的运用，难点在于（3）的求解，解答时应注意以下几点：（1）注意划归与转化思想的运用，将问题转化为两个函数值域之间的包含问题求解；（2）注意分类讨论思想的运用，结合对称性，分析讨论函数()g x 的单调性及最值是关键．。