外研版高中英语选修7 Module 3《Literature》(Section 2)素材

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外研版高中英语选修7 Module 3《Literature》(Section
2)素材
Section 2 The Analysis of the Difficult Sentences from Module 3 Literature 1. The bowls never needed washing, as the boys cleaned them with their spoons, trying to eat every bit of soup.粥碗从来用不着洗,小孩们费用汤匙把碗刮得重又明光正亮了才放手,试图吃掉每一点粥。

一、 need washing=need to be washed
“need”既能够作情态动词,也能够作实义动词,然而它们的用法不同。

1)作为情态动词的“need”的用法与其他情态动词“can”,“may”,“must”的用法差不多相同:在限定动词词组中总是位居第一,没有非限定形式,即没有不定式、-ing分词或-ed 分词等形式;第三人称单数现在时没有词形变化;情态动词之间是相互排斥的,即在一个限定动词词组中只能有一个情态动词。

下面是“need”作为情态动词的用法:
a. need表示“需要”或“必须”,通常用于否定句和疑问句。

例如:
You needn’t do it again.你不需要再做了。

He needn’t worry about it.这件事他无需担忧。

Need he do this homework first?他需要先做这些作业吗?
Need they fill in the form?他们需要填表吗?
b.在否定句中,能够用need的否定形式+不定式完成体。

例如:
We needn’t have worried.事实上我们不必要慌。

You needn’t have mentioned it.你本来不必提起这件事。

You needn’t have said that when he asked.当他问的时候,你事实上不必要说。

c. needn’t后的不定式间或也能用进行式或被动语态。

例如:
He needn’t be standing in the rain.他不必要站在雨中。

We needn’t be waiting in this place.我们不必要在这儿等。

The hedges needn’t be trimmed this week.本周树蓠不必要整修。

2)“need”作为实义动词时,通常用法是:
人+need +to do
物+need +doing
物+need +to be done
另外,“need”后还能够直截了当跟名词。

请看下面的例子:
We need to collect the parcel before we leave for England.去英国之前,我们需要收拾好行李。

We need to tell him the truth.我们需要告诉他真相。

My car needs repairing.我的汽车需要修理。

The flowers need watering.这些花需要浇水。

His leather shoes needs to be mended.他的皮鞋需要修补。

Her room needs cleaning.她的房间需要打扫。

It is a question that needs very careful consideration.这是一个需要慎重考虑的问题。

I need a watch.我需要一块手表。

二、as 还能够引导其他从句。

例如:
1)引导时刻状语从句:
He noticed someone nodding to him as he got off the bus. 下车时,他注意到有人冲他点头。

2)引导方式状语从句:
He told them to watch carefully and do as he did. 他要他们认真观看并照着他做。

3)让步状语从句:
Old as he is, he works as energetically as young people.他尽管上了年纪,干起活来却跟年轻人的劲头一样大。

4)引导定语从句:
As is announced in today’s paper, he is to visit China next Monday.今天报纸有报道,他下周一将访问中国。

2. Oliver Twist and his companions slowly starved for three months until finally, they became quite wild with hunger. 三个月以来,奥利弗特威斯特和同伴们一起忍耐着慢性饥饿的煎熬,到后来饿得快疯了。

with表缘故,理由,“为...,因...,”表此用法时多半与表情绪的词连用。

John was in bed with high fever. 约翰因发烧卧床。

He jumped up with joy. 他因快乐跳起来。

Father is often excited with wine. 父亲常因白酒变的兴奋。

3.There was one boy who was tall for his age, and was not used to being hungry all the time, as his father had kept a small cook shop. 其中有个男孩,个子较同龄人高,而且不适应总这么挨饿,因为他父亲开过一家小饭铺。

1) used to 和be used to 的区别
a. used to + do:“过去常常”表示过去适应性的动作或状态,但现在已不存在。

Mother used not to be so forgetful.
Scarf used to take a walk. (过去常常散步)
b. be used to + doing:对……已感到适应,或“适应于”,to是介词,后需加名词或动名词。

He is used to a vegetarian diet.
Scarf is used to taking a walk. (现在适应于散步)
Are you used to the dry weather there? 你们适应那儿的干燥的气候么?
She’s been used to driving to work every day. 她差不多适应了每天开车去上班。

2) would和 used to
a. would与used to都可用来表示过去经常性或适应性的动作,常常能够换用。

如:
When we were boys we used to/would go swimming every summer.小时候,每到夏天我们都要去游泳。

He used to/would spend every penny he earned on books.过去,他通常把挣来的钱全花在买书上。

would与used to都不能用来表示动作发生的具体频度或具体的一段时刻。

例如,不能说:
I would/used to go to France six times.
He used to live in Africa for twenty years.
上两句应改成:
I went to France six times.我去过法国6次。

He lived in Africa for twenty years. 他在非洲住过20年。

b. would与used to的区别要紧有以下几点:
① used to可指过去的状态或情形,would则不能。

如:
School children used to know the story of how Abraha m Lincoln walked five miles to return a penny he’d overcharged a customer.(不能用would)
过去,学校的小孩们都明白亚伯拉罕·林肯如何样步行5英里退还多收顾客1便士的故事。

Yet,he cannot but remember China as it used to be.然而,他可不能不记得旧日的中国(不能用would)。

②would表示反复发生的动作。

假如某一动作没有反复性,就不能用 would,只能用 used to。

例如:
And from that day on, as soon as the table was cleared and the dishes were gone. Mother would disappear into her sewing room to practice.
从那天起,只要碗盘撤掉、饭桌一清理洁净,妈妈就赶忙躲进做针线活的房间练习起来。

(具有反复性)
I used to live in Beijing.我过去住在北京。

(没有反复性)
③used to表示过去经常性或适应性的动作或状态现在差不多终止,would则表示有可能再发生。

如:
People used to believe that the earth was flat.过去,人们总以为地球是扁平的。

(现在已不再如此认为)
He would go to the park as soon as he was free.过去,他一有空就去公园。

(现在有可能再去)
注意:used to的否定式和疑问句:
过去我不喜爱歌剧。

I used not to like opera. /I usedn’t to like opera. /I did n’t use to like opera.
过去你喜爱歌剧吗?Used you to like opera? /Did you use to like opera?
Didn’t you use to like opera? 你过去不喜爱歌剧吗?
You used to like opera, didn’t you? 你过去喜爱歌剧,是吗?
There used to be a church here, usedn’t there? 过去那个地点有座教堂,是不是?。

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