The Long Slow Rise of Solar and Wind
2024-2025学年湖南省长沙市天心区九年级上学期开学考试英语试题
2024-2025学年湖南省长沙市天心区九年级上学期开学考试英语试题1. How many people can the Model A carry?A.One. B.Two. C.Four.2. What is the best word to describe Moonwalkers and Sora?A.Smart. B.Dangerous. C.Expensive.There were several kinds of greetings in ancient China. Among them, the fist-and-palm salute (拱手礼) was quite common. The fist-and-palm salute is typical Chinese etiquette (礼仪) with a history of more than 3,000 years.The gesture of the fist-and-palm salute: Firstly, stand straight. If you are a man, let your right hand be a half fist, and then your left hand hold your right hand in front of your chest (胸膛). Watch each other in the eyes, raise both of your hands to your brow, bent down and shake your hands toward each other gently for three times. Meanwhile, you could say some lucky greeting words such as “gong xi fa cai (Wish you much money)”, “ni hao (Hello)”, “xing hui (Nice to meet you)”, “xin nian kuai le (Happy New Year)” according to different occasions (场合).It’s believed that people considered the left as the important side for men in Chinese history, while for women, the important side is the right. So, if you are a woman, you should make the fist-and-palm salute in the other way—put your right hand on your left hand. At last, please remember when someone makes the fist-and-palm salute to you, you need to do it back as well.3. How many years of history does the fist-and-palm salute have?A.2,000 years. B.More than 3,000 years. C.3,000 years.4. What does the underlined word “gesture” mean in Paragraph 2?A.姿势B.涵义C.分析5. Which is the right way for a woman to make the fist-and-palm salute to others?A.B.C.6. What section (部分) of a magazine is the text taken from?A.Culture. B.Travel. C.Science.As we all know, of the Chinese astronauts on the country’s space missions (飞行任务), Jing Haipeng and Chen Dong have spent more than 200 days in space. The new one is Tang Hongbo. Hе, a member on China’s space station, has become the Chinese astronaut with the most spaceflight (太空飞行) time. He spent 279 days in space.Tang Hongbo was born in 1975 in Xiangtan, Hunan province. He joined the PLA in 1995 and flew safely more than 1,000 hours. He became a candidate (候选人) for Chinese astronauts in 2010 and went on his first spaceflight mission after 11 years of learning, training and testing. He spent 92 days and 4 hours during the Shenzhou-12 space mission. That was his first journey into space. Tang received the third-class medal and the title (称号) “heroic astronaut” for his service.In October 2023, he was chosen as the commander (指挥官) to carry out the Shenzhou-17 manned spaceflight mission, together with Tang Shengjie and Jiang Xinlin. He is the first space traveler who has revisited China’s Tiangong space station. He has also made two space flights within the shortest time—2 years and 1 month—of any Chinese astronaut.7. How many Chinese astronauts have spent more than 200 days in space so far?A.Two. B.Three. C.Four.8. What does Paragraph 2 talk about?A.Tang Hongbo’s space dream.B.Tang Hongbo’s space training.C.Tang Hongbo’s early experience.9. How many days did Tang Hongbo probably spend in space during Shenzhou-17 mission?A.279. B.187. C.92.10. Which of the following is NOT true?A.Tang Hongbo went on his first spaceflight in 2021.B.Tang Hongbo has been to Tiangong space station twice.C.Tang Hongbo received the third-class medal for his service in Shenzhou-17.根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
高三英语听力复合式听写练习题40题
高三英语听力复合式听写练习题40题1. I often go to the library to borrow some books after school. There are many kinds of books in it. I can learn a lot from them.- books- library- learn答案:books;library;learn。
解析:第一空根据前一句“borrow some books”可知填books;第二空由“go to the library”可知填library;第三空根据“I can learn a lot from them”可知填learn。
易错点是可能会混淆这几个单词的拼写。
2. We have many subjects to study at school, such as Chinese, English, math and so on. I like English best because it is very useful.- subjects- study- useful答案:subjects;study;useful。
解析:第一空根据“many subjects”可知填subjects;第二空由“to study at school”可知填study;第三空根据“it is very useful”可知填useful。
易错点是可能会写错useful 的拼写。
3. The teachers in our school are very kind and helpful. They always encourage us to study hard and never give up.- teachers- kind- encourage答案:teachers;kind;encourage。
解析:第一空根据“The teachers in our school”可知填teachers;第二空由“are very kind”可知填kind;第三空根据“They always encourage us”可知填encourage。
新能源发展 英文作文
新能源发展英文作文The Development of Renewable Energy: A Necessary Transition for a Sustainable Future.As the world faces the dual challenges of climate change and energy security, the need for a transition to renewable energy sources has become increasingly urgent. Renewable energy, derived from naturally replenishing sources such as sunlight, wind, water, and geothermal heat, offers a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to fossil fuels. This article will explore the importance of renewable energy development, its current status, challenges, and potential solutions, and the roleit plays in building a sustainable future.The Importance of Renewable Energy Development.The development of renewable energy is crucial for several reasons. Firstly, it helps mitigate the impacts of climate change. The burning of fossil fuels is the primarysource of greenhouse gas emissions, which trap heat in the atmosphere and lead to global warming. By shifting to renewable energy sources, we can significantly reduce these emissions and slow down the rate of climate change.Secondly, renewable energy improves energy security. Fossil fuels are finite resources, and their supply isoften concentrated in a few geopolitically volatile regions. In contrast, renewable energy sources are widelydistributed and can be harnessed locally, reducing dependence on imported energy and enhancing national energy independence.Lastly, renewable energy creates economic opportunities. The development and deployment of renewable energy technologies require significant investment and create jobs in manufacturing, construction, operation, and maintenance. This can stimulate economic growth and provide sustainable employment opportunities, particularly in rural and developing regions.Current Status of Renewable Energy Development.Renewable energy has made significant progress in recent years. Global investment in renewable energy has been on the rise, and the installed capacity of renewable energy sources has been expanding rapidly. Solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind energy are particularly prominent, with solar PV becoming the fastest-growing source of new power generation capacity in many countries.However, despite these positive trends, the transition to renewable energy is still far from complete. Fossilfuels still dominate the global energy mix, and the rate of deployment of renewable energy needs to accelerate significantly to meet the targets set by the Paris Agreement on climate change.Challenges and Solutions.There are several challenges that need to be addressed to achieve widespread adoption of renewable energy. One of the key challenges is the intermittency of renewable energy sources. Solar energy, for example, is only availableduring daylight hours, while wind energy can be affected by weather conditions. This requires the development of smart grids and energy storage solutions to ensure a reliable and continuous supply of energy.Another challenge is the high upfront cost of renewable energy projects. While the long-term economic benefits of renewable energy are significant, the initial investment can be prohibitive for many. This calls for innovative financing mechanisms, such as green bonds and public-private partnerships, to mobilize the necessary funds.Technological advancements are also crucial for overcoming these challenges. Research and development efforts are needed to improve the efficiency and cost-effectivenesss of renewable energy technologies, making them more competitive with fossil fuels.The Role of Renewable Energy in Building a Sustainable Future.Renewable energy plays a pivotal role in building asustainable future. By transitioning to renewable energy sources, we can reduce greenhouse gas emissions, mitigate the impacts of climate change, and ensure energy security for future generations.Moreover, renewable energy can drive economic growth and create jobs in the clean energy sector. It can also contribute to achieving other sustainability goals, such as sustainable development and poverty alleviation. By investing in renewable energy, we are investing in a sustainable and prosperous future for all.In conclusion, the development of renewable energy is essential for addressing the twin challenges of climate change and energy security. While there are challenges to overcome, the potential benefits are immense. By harnessing the power of nature, we can build a sustainable future where energy is clean, affordable, and available to all.。
2022届高考英语 高三双语阅读素材积累:科学家们说,地球的自转速度创几十年新高等
科学家们说,地球的自转速度创几十年新高等Scientists say Earth is spinning faster than it has in decades; a 'leap second' may be added科学家们说,地球的自转速度比几十年来都要快;可能会增加一个“闰秒”Even the Earth wanted 2020 to be over in a hurry: Our planet spun faster than normal last year, scientists say.就连地球也希望2020年匆忙结束:科学家们说,我们的星球去年的自转速度比正常情况下要快。
As noted on LiveScience, the Earth's 28 fastest days on record (since 1960) all occurred in 2020, with Earth completing its revolutions around its axis milliseconds quicker than average.正如LiveScience上所指出的,地球有记录以来最快的28天(自1960年以来)都发生在2020年,地球绕轴公转的速度比平均快几毫秒。
Usually, the Earth is an excellent timekeeper, according to . On average, with respect to the sun, it rotates once every 86,400 seconds, which equals 24 hours. This is known as a mean solar day.通常情况下,地球是一个很好的计时器,根据。
就太阳而言,它平均每86,400秒自转一周,相当于24小时。
高考英语(二月)句式仿写强化训练
仿写句子1.(1) 众所周知,月亮每个月绕地球转一周。
_________________________________________________________________(2)大家都知道,中国再过二三十年将可能成为一个发达的、强大的国家。
_________________________________________________________________答案(1)As is known to everybody,the moon travels around the earth once every month.(2)As is known to all,China will probably be an advanced and powerful countryin 20 or 30 years.2.(1) 对我来说,事情已了结。
_________________________________________________________________(2)对我来说,水太凉了。
_________________________________________________________________答案(1)As far as I am concerned the matter is closed.(2)As far as I am concerned,the water is too cold.3.(1) 他跟汤姆一样是一个诚实的人。
_________________________________________________________________(2)他和他弟弟一样都是著名的科学家。
_________________________________________________________________答案(1)He is as honest a person as Tom.(2)He is as famous a scientist as his brother.4.(1) 我还没来得及插话他就给我量好了尺寸。
高二英语学科分类与全球视野拓展练习题40题
高二英语学科分类与全球视野拓展练习题40题1<背景文章>Artificial intelligence (AI) has been making significant inroads into the field of healthcare. In recent years, AI-powered tools and technologies have emerged as powerful allies in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases.One of the major applications of AI in healthcare is in medical imaging. AI algorithms can analyze medical images such as X-rays, MRIs, and CT scans with remarkable accuracy. They can detect subtle abnormalities that might be missed by human eyes, leading to earlier diagnosis and more effective treatment. For example, AI can help radiologists identify early signs of cancer, reducing the chances of false negatives and false positives.Another area where AI is making a big impact is in personalized medicine. By analyzing a patient's genetic data, medical history, and lifestyle factors, AI can predict the risk of developing certain diseases and recommend personalized treatment plans. This approach not only improves the effectiveness of treatment but also reduces the risk of adverse drug reactions.AI also has the potential to revolutionize patient care. Chatbots andvirtual assistants powered by AI can answer patients' questions, provide medical advice, and even monitor their health conditions remotely. This can improve access to healthcare, especially for patients in remote areas.However, the use of AI in healthcare also poses several challenges. One of the main concerns is the reliability and accuracy of AI algorithms. Although AI has shown great promise in medical diagnosis and treatment, there is still a risk of errors. Another challenge is the ethical and legal implications of using AI in healthcare. For example, who is responsible if an AI-powered diagnosis is incorrect? There are also concerns about data privacy and security, as AI systems often require large amounts of patient data to function effectively.Despite these challenges, the potential benefits of AI in healthcare are too great to ignore. As technology continues to advance, we can expect to see more innovative applications of AI in the field of healthcare.1. What is one of the major applications of AI in healthcare?A. Drug development.B. Medical imaging.C. Hospital management.D. Nursing care.答案:B。
Unit+3必背句子背诵版 沪教版(2024)七年级英语上册
沪教版新教材unit 3必背句子(背诵版)1.一年有四个季节,每个季节都有自己的特点。
There are four season in a year, and each season has its special features.2.春天万物复苏,过了漫长的冬天,雪开始融化,大自然苏醒了。
植物开始生长,鸟儿从南方飞回来了。
Life begins again in spring. The snow melts, and nature wakes up after the long winter.Plants start to grow, and birds come back from the south.3.夏天很明亮又很吵闹。
天气很热,太阳在晴朗、碧蓝的天空中闪耀。
蝉在树上鸣鸣叫,下午总是有雷雨。
Summer is bright and noisy. The weather is hot. The sun shines brightly in the clear, blue sky. Cicadas sing loudly. There is often thunder and lightning in the afternoon.4.秋天很美,并且色彩鲜艳。
天气很凉爽又很干燥。
在秋天,一切都变了。
叶子变黄、变红或者变黄,并且开始从树上掉落。
Autumn is beautiful and full of color. The weather is cool and dry. In autumn, everything changes. Leaves turn brown, red or yellow and start falling from trees.5.冬天安静有趣。
很多地方又冷又下雪。
熊和蛇会温暖的地方冬眠。
Winter is peaceful and fun. It is cold and snowy in many places. Bears and snakes find warm places to sleep through the winter.6.冬天是最棒的寒假。
我眼中的祖国和世界2023答案六年级英语作文
全文分为作者个人简介和正文两个部分:作者个人简介:Hello everyone, I am an author dedicated to creating and sharing high-quality document templates. In this era of information overload, accurate and efficient communication has become especially important. I firmly believe that good communication can build bridges between people, playing an indispensable role in academia, career, and daily life. Therefore, I decided to invest my knowledge and skills into creating valuable documents to help people find inspiration and direction when needed.正文:我眼中的祖国和世界2023答案六年级英语作文全文共3篇示例,供读者参考篇1My View of China and the World in 2023As a 6th grade student, I may be young but I pay close attention to what's happening in China and around the world. The year 2023 has been an incredible one, with so many excitingevents and changes taking place. I'd like to share my views and thoughts on some of the biggest developments.First off, I'm really proud of the progress China has made in science and technology. Just a few months ago, Chinese scientists launched the Xuntian Space Telescope, which will allow us to study deep space better than ever before. It's amazing that my country is taking such a leading role in space exploration. I can't wait to see what new discoveries the Xuntian makes about planets, stars, galaxies and the origins of the universe.China has also continued its leadership in renewable energy and fighting climate change. By the end of 2023, we will have over 1.2 billion kilowatts of solar and wind power capacity installed across the country. That's more than any other nation in the world! My city switched to renewable energy sources for most of its electricity this year. I'm so glad we are moving away from dirty coal and oil to protect the environment.Of course, the biggest story in China this year has been the successful hosting of the 2023 Asian Games in multiple cities. I was glued to the TV cheering on the Chinese athletes as they won medal after medal in sports like gymnastics, diving, badminton and weightlifting. The opening and closing ceremonies were a spectacular showcase of our ancient cultureand history. People from all over Asia came together in friendship and peace.While things have generally gone well in China, I do worry about some of the tensions and conflicts happening in other parts of the world. The ongoing war in Ukraine is just so sad, with millions of people being displaced from their homes. I really hope the fighting can stop soon and the Russians will withdraw from Ukraine completely. In the Middle East, flare ups between Israel and Palestine are always in the news. It's upsetting to see so much violence and hatred over territorial and religious disputes that have gone on for decades.On a more positive note, it has been exciting to see the first crewed mission to Mars blast off this year. An international crew of astronauts from multiple countries is currently over halfway through their seven-month journey to the Red Planet. I can't wait until they finally land on Mars in a few more months. Taking those first human steps on another planet is sure to be a seminal moment in the history of space exploration that I'll never forget.It has also been an eventful year in the world of sports and entertainment. Spain hosted a thrilling World Cup soccer tournament, with upsets galore before Brazil eventually took home the trophy by beating France in a dramatic final. TaylorSwift kicked off her long-awaited Eras Tour that has smashed attendance records in stadium after stadium across multiple continents. And Marvel Studios released two new blockbuster superhero films, "The Marvels" and "Thunderbolts," that have everyone talking.As for my own life, my biggest personal highlight of 2023 was getting to take a class trip to Shanghai for a week over summer break. We visited amazing sites like the Bund waterfront, Yu Garden, and Shanghai Tower with its incredible observation deck on the 119th floor. It was also fun to explore the incredibly futuristic Pudong district and experience the incredible transportation system with its magnetic levitation trains. Shanghai was just an absolute blast!Of course, my main focus this year has been on my studies and getting ready for middle school next year. Things like the Russia-Ukraine conflict and climate change are always on my mind. But at the end of the day, I'm still a 12-year-old kid who loves things like Marvel movies, Taylor Swift, and sports. I try to keep up with major world events while still staying focused on typical middle school stuff like doing my homework, hanging out with friends, and playing basketball and video games.Looking ahead to the rest of 2023 and beyond, there is plenty I'll be watching for. China's leaders will gather for the annual National People's Congress in March, where key policy decisions and economic goals will be established. Meanwhile, the battle over climate change will shift to Dubai, which is hosting the UN's COP 28 summit in November. I'll be paying close attention to whether countries strengthen their commitments to reducing carbon emissions.In the worlds of science, technology and space, I'm eager to see what progress gets made. Maybe scientists will develop powerful new AI systems that can help solve problems like disease and hunger. Or maybe we'll confirm definitive signs of life on an exoplanet orbiting another star. With rapid innovation happening across so many fields, I'm sure exciting breakthroughs are just around the corner.No matter what unfolds on the world stage, I have confidence China will continue its rise as a global leader and positive force for peace, development and cooperation between nations. At the same time, I recognize the immense challenges we face, from armed conflicts to environmental problems to economic inequality. I hope my generation will be the one thatfinds ways to bring people together and make life better for everyone on this planet we all share.Those are just some of my thoughts after observing all the ups and downs of 2023 so far. As a student, I still have so much more to learn about China, the world and my place in it. But I'll keep studying hard, paying attention, and doing my best to make sense of this fascinating, rapidly-changing world we live in. I'm proud to be a young Chinese citizen at such an incredible time in our nation's history. Here's to an amazing 2023 and beyond!篇2My View of China and the World in 2023As a 6th grade student in China, I have been learning about my country and the world around me in school and through the news. The year 2023 has been an eventful one, with many changes and developments happening both in China and across the globe. In this essay, I will share my perspective on some of the major events and issues that have shaped the world in 2023.Firstly, let me talk about China. Our country has continued to make impressive economic progress, further solidifying its position as a global economic powerhouse. The Belt and RoadInitiative, which aims to build infrastructure and strengthen trade ties with other countries, has gained even more momentum this year. Major projects like high-speed railways and ports have been completed, facilitating the flow of goods and people across different regions.However, China has also faced some challenges. The ongoing trade tensions with the United States have been a cause for concern, as tariffs and restrictions on certain products have impacted businesses and consumers on both sides. Additionally, issues surrounding Taiwan's sovereignty have resurfaced, leading to heightened diplomatic tensions in the region.On the environmental front, China has taken significant strides in its efforts to combat climate change. The government has invested heavily in renewable energy sources like solar and wind power, and has implemented stricter regulations on emissions from factories and vehicles. These measures have helped to improve air quality in many cities, although more work remains to be done.Shifting my focus to the world stage, one of the most significant events of 2023 has been the ongoing conflict in Ukraine. The war, which began in 2022, has resulted in immense human suffering and has had far-reaching economic andpolitical consequences. Despite numerous attempts at negotiating a ceasefire, the situation remains volatile, with both sides unwilling to back down.The impact of this conflict has been felt globally, with rising energy prices and disruptions to supply chains affecting countries around the world. The United Nations and various humanitarian organizations have been working tirelessly to provide aid to those affected by the war, but the situation remains dire.Another major global issue that has gained prominence in 2023 is the fight against climate change. With increasing occurrences of extreme weather events, such as heat waves, droughts, and floods, the urgency to address this crisis has become more apparent than ever before. The COP28 climate summit, held in Dubai, saw nations come together to discuss and implement strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate the effects of climate change.However, progress on this front has been slow and uneven, with some countries struggling to balance economic growth with environmental concerns. It is clear that a concerted, global effort is needed to truly tackle this existential threat to our planet.On a positive note, the world has witnessed remarkable scientific and technological advancements in 2023. The James Webb Space Telescope has continued to capture breathtaking images of distant galaxies, providing new insights into the origins of the universe. Meanwhile, advancements in fields like artificial intelligence, renewable energy, and medical technology have the potential to improve countless lives across the globe.As a student, I have been particularly inspired by the achievements of young individuals who have used their talents and passions to make a difference in the world. From environmental activists to social entrepreneurs, these young leaders have demonstrated that age is no barrier to creating meaningful change.Looking ahead, I am both hopeful and apprehensive about the future. While the world faces numerous challenges, including conflicts, climate change, and economic inequalities, I am encouraged by the resilience and ingenuity of humanity. If we can work together, across borders and ideologies, to find solutions to these pressing issues, there is no limit to what we can achieve.As for China, I am proud of my country's achievements, but I also recognize that we have room for improvement. I hope thatChina will continue to play a constructive role on the global stage, fostering peace and cooperation while also addressing domestic concerns such as human rights and environmental protection.In the end, the world is a complex and ever-changing place, and it is up to each of us to stay informed, engaged, and committed to making it a better place for all. As a student, I will strive to learn as much as I can and to use my knowledge to contribute positively to society. After all, we are the future, and the world we inherit will be shaped by the choices we make today.篇3My View of China and the World in 2023When I think about China and the world in 2023, so many fascinating things come to mind. This year has been incredible, with major events happening both in our amazing country and across the globe. As a 6th grader, I've learned a lot about these events in school and from following the news. I'll do my best to share my perspective on some of the biggest developments.Let me start with China, since that's where I live and go to school every day. One of the most exciting things happeninghere is the rapid development of advanced technologies like artificial intelligence, quantum computing, renewable energy and electric vehicles. China is really leading the way in many of these areas now. My robotics club at school had a video chat with some scientists at a major AI research lab, and they showed us some remarkable things their systems can do like analyze medical scans, write stories and even create artwork! It'smind-blowing but also a little scary to think about how smart the AIs are getting.Another huge focus in China has been on sustainable development and protecting the environment. We've been installing massive numbers of solar panels, wind turbines and other renewable energy sources to cut way down on pollution from coal and oil. My dad just got an amazing new electric car that doesn't produce any emissions. In the big cities like Beijing and Shanghai, they're really pushing people to drive clean electric vehicles, take public transit, ride bikes and walk more to cut smog. China has also undertaken massive tree planting and reforestation efforts to combat climate change and drought. Our economy is still growing rapidly, but in a much more environmentally-friendly way than before.Sports have been another area of great success and national pride for China lately. At the 2024 Paris Olympics this past summer, our athletes won a ton of gold medals in sports like gymnastics, diving, weightlifting and table tennis. And the Chinese men's soccer team finally broke through and won the World Cup in a huge upset over Brazil! Celebrating that incredible victory was one of the highlights of my year.When I think about the rest of the world in 2023, some concerning events definitely come to mind as well. The ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine has been really scary, with fighting still raging in parts of eastern Ukraine. Millions of Ukrainians have been displaced from their homes. While China has pressed for a peaceful diplomatic solution, the war drags on with no clear end in sight. So many innocent people are suffering terrible hardships.Tensions between the United States and China have also been running high due to disagreements on trade, technology and security issues surrounding Taiwan. There's been a lot of aggressive military posturing and harsh rhetoric from leaders on both sides. My parents and teachers hope that cooler heads will prevail to avoid any kind of armed conflict, as that would be absolutely disastrous for our two nations and the world.Relations between China and other nations like India, Japan and several European countries also seem strained over various political, economic and territorial disputes. With so many sources of international disagreement and potential flashpoints, it feels like the world has become a more unstable and divided place in many ways compared to the past.It's not all gloomy on the global front though. Major steps have been taken to address climate change through international agreements to slash carbon emissions and protect forests and oceans. An exciting new era of commercial space travel and exploration has taken off, with routine rocket launches, a permanent moon base under construction, and plans for human missions to Mars in the coming decade.Amazing scientific and medical breakthroughs happen every year that benefit people all over the world. Just recently, they seem to have finally developed a effective cure for malaria that could save millions of lives. And researchers in Boston made history by achieving a major milestone toward developing fusion as a clean, virtually limitless source of energy! Technologies like AI, robotics, genetic engineering, quantum computing and others continue advancing rapidly and being applied in new and creative ways.So as you can see, when I look at China and the world in 2023, it's a very complex picture with reasons for great optimism and excitement, but also significant concerns and challenges facing humanity. The development of world-changing technologies and the drive for economic prosperity seem to be clashing with political conflicts, security tensions between nations, and the existential threat of climate change.My biggest hope is that the leaders and people of all countries can find ways to cooperate more and resolve their disagreements through diplomacy and dialogue, not warfare. I think focusing our immense human ingenuity and resources on protecting the environment, curing disease, exploring space, and developing uplifting technologies that improve our lives should be the top priorities for the world.At just 12 years old, I realize I have a limited perspective and still have so much more to learn about these complicated issues over the years ahead. But based on what I've studied so far, those are some of my key reflections on the state of China and the world here in 2023. I feel very fortunate to be growing up in such an amazing era of change and progress, despite the obstacles we face. I'll do my part to be a good global citizen andhelp make our world a more peaceful, prosperous and sustainable place.。
希望空气和水不再被污染的心愿英语作文
希望空气和水不再被污染的心愿英语作文全文共3篇示例,供读者参考篇1A Wish for Unpolluted Air and WaterIt's another smoggy morning as I walk to school, the heavy air stinging my lungs with every breath. The thick haze blots out the sun, casting an eerie grey pall over the city. I pull my shirt up over my nose, trying to filter out the noxious fumes. This is our daily reality - a reality that demands change before it's too late.Our planet is at a tipping point, teetering on the brink of environmental collapse from the unrelenting assault of pollution. Every day, countless tons of toxic contaminants are pumped into our atmosphere and waterways with reckless abandon. Thiscareless disregard for our only home is unsustainable and incredibly short-sighted.I dream of a world where I can walk outside and breathe fresh, clean air without that scratchy feeling in my throat. A world where the sky is a brilliant blue canvas instead of a murky brown soup. A world where birds can soar freely without risk of respiratory illness. Is that too much to ask?The causes of this airborne crisis are multi-faceted but undeniably human-driven. Fossil fuel combustion from power plants, factories and vehicles release noxious gases like carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere. These pollutants not only directly threaten our health, but trap heat causing temperatures to rise globally.Then there are the particulates - microscopic particles of dust, soot, smoke and liquid droplets that become airborne. They get deep into our lungs, causing respiratory diseases, lung cancer and premature death. Particulate matter also reduces visibility, creating those oppressive smoggy shrouds that loom over so many cities worldwide.Agricultural emissions are another major contributor as fertilizers release ammonia while livestock produce methane. Methane is one of the most potent greenhouse gases, trapping 25 times more heat than carbon dioxide over a 100-year period.The impacts on human health from fouled air are staggering. The World Health Organization estimates that around 7 million premature deaths occur annually from exposure to indoor and outdoor air pollution. That's one in eight deaths globally! Polluted air increases risks of stroke, heart disease, lung cancer and respiratory illnesses like asthma.But air isn't the only vital element being polluted to a horrifying degree. Our planet's waters are also being contaminated in devastating ways that jeopardize all life on Earth.Every day, millions of tons of garbage, plastics, chemicals, sewage, agricultural waste and other pollutants are dumped directly into oceans, rivers and lakes. Much of it is being funneled in from land sources like factories, sewers and surface runoff after rainstorms.Plastics are one of the biggest modern day scourges, as an estimated 8 million metric tons end up in oceans annually. These non-biodegradable petrochemical materials wreak havoc, entangling and choking countless marine animals while breaking down into microplastics that saturate the food chain.Chemical pollution also poses grave risks, as industrial and agricultural toxins like pesticides, lead, mercury and PCBs make their way into waterways. These contaminants accumulate in fish, shellfish and aquatic mammals in concentrations millions of times higher than in the surrounding environment. When humans consume these exposed organisms, we ingest those same hazardous substances.The effects are horrific, causing neurological damage, birth defects, cancers and a host of other health afflictions. These toxins are also disrupting and destroying aquatic ecosystems in profound ways, triggering mass die-offs of fish, coral, vegetation and other critical species.Then there's the warm, acidic elephant in the room - climate change. As greenhouse gas levels soar, the oceans absorb more heat and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. This causes a double-whammy of rising temperatures and increasing acidity that proves catastrophic for marine environments.Higher ocean temperatures are killing off coral reefs at alarming rates through mass bleaching events. Corals are essential habitats for a quarter of all marine species, so their collapse would set off an apocalyptic die-off chain reaction.Meanwhile, absorbed carbon dioxide is making waters more acidic, corroding the calcium carbonate that shellfish and corals require to build their shells and skeletons. We're essentially dissolving the ocean's living organisms from the inside out.I lie awake some nights, wondering what kind of world I'm inheriting. How many more years of breathing in noxious fumes? How many more ocean dead zones and mass extinctions until there's no biodiversity left?Sometimes it feels hopeless, like we're on a runaway train of eco-destruction with no solution in sight. The scale of reform needed can seem so daunting.But then I think about the everyday people taking action through lifestyle changes, activism and holding governments and industries accountable. It gives me hope that we can still get off this catastrophic track.On an individual level, each of us can dramatically reduce our carbon footprints through conscientious choices. Taking public transport, cycling or walking instead of driving. Eating less meat and more plant-based foods. Installing solar panels and switching to renewable energy sources. Reducing consumption of plastic and recycling more. Supporting companies with green, sustainable practices over polluters.Collectively, we have to demand politicians, CEOs and policymakers make this environmental emergency the top priority. We need them to urgently implement robust emissions caps, transition to clean energy sources like solar and wind, prevent industrial polluters from surrounding our communities, and ensure clean air and water protections are rights not luxuries.Environmental advocacy and activism are crucial, exercising our rights to protest, lobby and vote for the changes we need. Raising awareness through teach-ins, lawsuits, and putting public pressure on those with power is making progress, despite the punishingly slow pace.Within my lifetime, I want to see electric vehicles become the norm, not gas-guzzlers. Ideally, I'll witness a worldwide ban on single-use plastics and a boom in renewable energy infrastructure to make fossil fuels obsolete. Is that too much to ask?I dream of future generations being able to swim in oceans without ingesting microplastics or toxins. Of coral reef systems not just surviving, but thriving. Of being able to gaze up at a blue sky unpolluted by brown smog or greenhouse gases.Clean air to breathe, safe water to drink - these shouldn't be privileges, but guaranteed rights for every human being. We have both the capability and moral imperative to make this vision a reality.If not for ourselves, then for our children. And their children after that. Creating a truly sustainable world has to be humanity's highest priority from this point forward. Continuedenvironmental destruction is not an option if we want any kind of future worth inheriting.The time for untramelled consumption, irresponsibility and short-term greed is over. We have one last chance to get this right and rectify the damage done. I'm hopeful my generation will rise to that challenge with the passion and resolve it deserves.So that's my heartfelt wish - for the air I breathe and the water I drink to be clean and pure. For the natural wonders of our planet to be allowed to flourish again. For environmental justice and stewardship to finally prevail.It's the greatest gift we could bestow upon future generations - a healthy, habitable world. And it starts by each of us making the choice to change for the better, today. I'm ready. Are you?篇2A Desperate Plea for Clean Air and WaterAs a student, I look around at the world we live in and my heart aches. The rampant pollution of our air and water sources has reached a critical point that can no longer be ignored. Every single day, I bear witness to the catastrophic consequences ofour careless actions, and it fills me with a profound sense of helplessness and despair. But deep within me burns an unwavering flame of hope—a hope that one day, we will wake up and realize the gravity of our actions before it's too late.I can vividly recall the days when I could step outside and take a deep breath without feeling like I was inhaling a toxic concoction of pollutants. The air was crisp, clean, and invigorating. Nowadays, every breath feels like a battle, as if my lungs are being assaulted by an invisible enemy. The once vibrant blue skies have been replaced by a hazy, gray veil that obscures the beauty of nature.It pains me to see the once pristine rivers and lakes transformed into cesspools of industrial waste and sewage. The sparkling waters that once beckoned us to dive in and cool off on a hot summer day now repel us with their murky, foul-smelling depths. Aquatic life, which should be thriving in these ecosystems, is struggling to survive, and many species are on the brink of extinction.The impact of this pollution extends far beyond what the naked eye can see. The contaminated air we breathe and the tainted water we consume are slowly but surely poisoning us from the inside out. Respiratory illnesses, cancer, and a myriad ofother health issues are becoming increasingly prevalent, particularly in areas with high levels of pollution.As a student, I find it profoundly disheartening to consider the future we are inheriting. How can we be expected to thrive and reach our full potential when the very air we breathe and water we drink are toxic? It feels like a cruel paradox, where the pursuit of progress and development has led us down a path of self-destruction.But amidst this bleak reality, there is a glimmer of hope. I am inspired by the tireless efforts of individuals, organizations, and governments around the world who are working tirelessly to combat pollution and promote sustainable practices. Their dedication and passion give me the courage to believe that change is possible.I dream of a world where the air is pure and the water is crystal clear. A world where we can breathe deeply without fear of contamination, and where our children can splash and play in rivers and lakes without risking their health. A world where industries operate in harmony with nature, minimizing their environmental impact and embracing eco-friendly technologies.To make this dream a reality, we must all play our part. It starts with education and awareness, fostering a deepunderstanding of the consequences of our actions and instilling a sense of responsibility in every individual. We must challenge the status quo, question unsustainable practices, and demand accountability from those who prioritize profits over the health of our planet.Furthermore, we must embrace innovation and invest in clean technologies that can help mitigate the damage already done and prevent further pollution. Renewable energy sources, efficient waste management systems, and sustainable agricultural practices are just a few examples of the solutions we must actively pursue.But perhaps most importantly, we must cultivate a sense of collective responsibility and unity. This is not a battle that can be won by individuals or nations alone; it requires a global effort, transcending borders and ideologies. We must come together, put aside our differences, and work towards a common goal: a healthy, sustainable planet for present and future generations.As a student, I refuse to accept a future where the air is toxic and the water is poisoned. I refuse to be a silent witness to the destruction of our planet. Instead, I choose to be a voice of change, a catalyst for positive transformation. I implore my peers,teachers, and leaders to join me in this fight for a cleaner, greener world.Together, we can turn the tide and reverse the damage inflicted upon our precious air and water sources. We can create a future where every breath is a celebration of life, and every drop of water is a source of sustenance and joy. It is a monumental task, but one that we simply cannot afford to ignore.Let us unite in this noble cause, fueled by our unwavering determination and our love for this beautiful planet we call home. Let us be the generation that says "enough is enough" and takes decisive action to ensure that the air we breathe and the water we drink are pure, clean, and life-sustaining for generations to come.篇3My Wish for Clean Air and WaterI'm just a kid, but I've noticed something troubling going on in our world. The air we breathe and the water we drink often seems dirty and polluted. Every time I turn on the news, I hear stories about smog filling city skies, oil spills contaminating theoceans, or factories dumping toxic chemicals into rivers. It makes me sad and worried about the future.I wish with all my heart that we could have clean air to breathe and safe water to drink everywhere on Earth. I dream of a world where I don't have to be scared about developing health issues from breathing polluted city air or getting sick from drinking tainted water. I long for the day when every lake, river, and ocean is unpolluted and teeming with healthy fish and other marine life.Is that too much to ask for? To be able to take a deep breath without inhaling noxious fumes or drink from the tap without fear of ingesting harmful contaminants? I don't think it is. Clean air and water should be basic rights for every person on this planet, not luxuries only available to the rich.Yet today, air and water pollution remain massive global problems that put millions of lives at risk each year. According to the World Health Organization, a shocking 9 out of 10 people breathe polluted air that exceeds safe limits. Outdoor air pollution from sources like power plants, factories, vehicles, and agriculture causes over 4 million premature deaths annually. Indoor air pollution from cooking fires and smoke is also a major killer.Water pollution from sewage, industrial waste, agricultural runoff, and other sources poses another major threat to human health and ecosystems. An estimated 1.8 billion people globally consume drinking water contaminated with fecal matter, putting them at risk for cholera, dysentery, typhoid and polio. Overall, the UN estimates that over 800,000 people per year die from drinking contaminated water.Seeing these grim statistics makes me feel powerless. What can one kid possibly do to solve problems of such massive scale and scope? But then I remember that kids can be powerful voices for change. Throughout history, young people have helped spark revolutions and transform societies through passionate activism and inspiring idealism.I have to believe our generation can be a force to help heal this planet and end the crises of air and water pollution. We are the ones who will inherit the consequences of damage done to the environment today. And we are the ones who have the most at stake in whether Earth remains a habitable place in the decades to come.Maybe if we use our idealism and energy as an inspiration, we can push world leaders to get serious about cracking down on polluters. Corporations that spew toxic gases into theatmosphere or leak oil into the oceans while hoarding billions in profits should be fined massive amounts for their environmental crimes. Countries that turn a blind eye to their own industries contaminating the air and waterways should face economic sanctions.At the same time, we need big investments in clean energy sources like solar and wind to replace dirty fossil fuels. We have to develop new technologies to capture and remove pollutants and purify contaminated air and water. Recycling and reducing consumption of plastics has to become a global priority to keep our oceans from being choked with waste.On a personal level, each of us can do our part through modest lifestyle changes. We can cut down on driving, reuse and recycle as much as possible, and put pressure on companies to use less plastic packaging through our buying habits. We can educate others around us on the stakes involved if we fail to confront pollution. Schools should ramp up lessons on environmental science and activism so every student learns just how vital clean air and water are to survival.I know it won't be easy to solve air and water pollution. Undoing over a century of damage caused by industrialization will take decades of work and trillions of dollars. There are somany powerful forces like profit motives, government corruption, and global inequalities that will resist real change. But I absolutely believe it's a battle we have to fight and win if we hope to have a planet capable of sustaining human civilization long into the future.I don't want to grow up in a world where I constantly have to worry about the safety of every breath I take or drink of water I consume. I don't want to raise children someday who have to cover their mouths every time they step outside or only drink bottled water because the taps can't be trusted. Constantly living under the looming threats of air and water pollution is no way for anyone to exist.No, I dream of a future of clear blue skies over cities and oceans teeming with vibrant marine ecosystems. I dream of fresh water lakes and rivers that are safe for swimming and drinking straight from the source. I dream of a world where every child can take clean air and water as basic birthrights they never have to question or worry about.I know it's an idyllic vision, but isn't that the point of youthful idealism? To dream big and imagine a better reality? In my mind, ending the global crises of air and water pollution has to be a top priority for my generation and those that follow. Too manyhuman lives have already been destroyed by breathing and drinking pollution. Too many ecosystems have already collapsed from toxic contamination.I won't be satisfied until the last smog cloud has been eliminated from cityscapes and the last waterway has been purified of industrial toxins. It's an enormously ambitious goal, but I believe with all my heart and determination that it can be achieved within my lifetime. I just need others — leaders, activists, scientists, corporations, everyday citizens — to share that urgency and unshakable commitment to finally making clean air and water environmental realities, not just lofty ideals.We all deserve to breathe air and drink water without fear for our health and safety. I'm hopeful that our generation can make that basic right a reality for everyone across the globe. With focused collaboration and a united vision for a pollution-free planet, I believe it's an achievable dream. But we have to start working hard on turning that dream into a reality now before it's too late for humanity. The clock is ticking and the stakes could not be higher.。
the sun always rises谚语 -回复
the sun always rises谚语-回复1. The sun always rises, no matter how dark the night may be. 天亮就是晴天,不管夜有多黑暗。
2. Each day brings a new beginning, like the sun that always rises. 每一天都是新的开始,就像太阳总是升起一样。
3. The sun will rise again tomorrow, bringing hope and warmth. 太阳明天会再次升起,带来希望和温暖。
4. No matter what hardships we face, the sun will always rise to give us strength. 不管我们面临什么困难,太阳总会升起给予我们力量。
5. Just like the sun always rises, we should never lose hope in tough times. 就像太阳总是升起一样,我们在艰难时刻永不放弃希望。
6. The sun rising in the morning signifies a new chance to make things right. 早晨升起的太阳象征着重新做事情的机会。
7. No matter how long the night may seem, the sun will always rise with a new day. 不管黑夜有多长,太阳总会随着新的一天升起。
8. Just as the sun rises every morning, we must rise and face each day with determination. 就像太阳每天早上升起一样,我们必须坚定地面对每一天。
9. The sun always rises, bringing light to chase away darkness. 太阳总是升起,带来光明驱散黑暗。
太阳与风的寓言故事道理的英语
太阳与风的寓言故事道理的英语Title: The Fable of Sun and Wind: A Moral Lesson in EnglishIntroduction:Once upon a time, in a world where elements could speak and learn, the sun and the wind were engaged in a friendly contest.Their competition aimed to demonstrate their strengths and teach us valuable lessons.Let me share with you the tale of the sun and the wind, and the profound moral it holds.The Tale:In a lush meadow, the sun and the wind argued about who was stronger.They sought a way to settle their dispute and decided to test their powers through a challenge.They spotted a man walking through the field and agreed that whichever of them could make the man take off his coat would be declared the winner.The wind, being impatient, went first.It blew fiercely, trying to force the man to remove his coat.However, the stronger the wind blew, the tighter the man held onto his coat.Defeated, the wind stepped back, allowing the sun to take its turn.The sun, with its gentle warmth, began to shine brightly.It beamed down on the man, gradually heating the air around him.The man, feeling the comfortable heat, soon became sweaty and willingly took offhis coat to cool down.The Moral Lesson:This fable teaches us that gentle persuasion and kindness can be more effective than force and aggression.The wind"s harsh approach failed, while the sun"s warmth succeeded in achieving the desired outcome.The moral of the story is that sometimes, a soft touch can accomplish what brute force cannot.Application in Life:The lesson from the sun and the wind can be applied to various aspects of our lives.Whether it"s dealing with people, facing challenges, or pursuing goals, a patient and gentle approach often yields better results.This tale reminds us to embrace kindness and understanding rather than resorting to force or intimidation.Conclusion:The fable of the sun and the wind serves as a timeless reminder of the power of gentleness and persuasion.Its moral lesson, when applied to our lives, can guide us to make better decisions and build stronger relationships.Remember, sometimes it"s not the strength of the force but the power of warmth and compassion that truly makes a difference.。
如何阻止全球变暖英文作文
如何阻止全球变暖英文作文1. Plant more trees. Trees absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen, helping to reduce the level of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.2. Use renewable energy sources such as solar power and wind power instead of relying on fossil fuels. This will reduce the emission of greenhouse gases and slow down global warming.3. Encourage people to use public transportation or carpool instead of driving alone. This will help reduce the number of vehicles on the road and decrease carbon emissions.4. Support and promote sustainable farming practices that minimize the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. These chemicals contribute to greenhouse gas emissions and can pollute the environment.5. Educate people about the importance of conserving energy and encourage them to make small changes in their daily lives, such as turning off lights when not in use and using energy-efficient appliances.6. Reduce waste by practicing recycling and reusing. This will help reduce the amount of waste that goes to landfills, which produce methane, a potent greenhouse gas.7. Support policies and regulations that aim to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, such as the implementation of carbon pricing or cap and trade systems.8. Raise awareness about the impacts of global warming and the importance of taking action. This can be done through campaigns, educational programs, and media coverage.9. Encourage the development and use of innovative technologies that can help mitigate global warming, such as carbon capture and storage systems.10. Foster international cooperation and collaborationto address global warming. This includes sharing knowledge, resources, and best practices among countries tocollectively tackle this issue.。
全球变暖的原因及分析措施英语作文
全球变暖的原因及分析措施英语作文Causes of Global Warming and Analysis of MeasuresIntroductionGlobal warming is one of the most pressing issues facing our planet today. It refers to the long-term increase in Earth's average surface temperature due to human activities such as burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial processes. In this essay, we will explore the causes of global warming and analyze some possible measures to combat this growing problem.Causes of Global Warming1. Greenhouse Gas EmissionsOne of the primary causes of global warming is the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. These gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O), trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, leading to a rise in global temperatures. The burning of fossil fuels for energy production, transportation, and industrial processes is the largest source of greenhouse gas emissions.2. DeforestationDeforestation, especially in tropical regions, also contributes to global warming. Trees absorb CO2 from the atmosphere and store it as carbon in their biomass. When trees are cut down or burned, this stored carbon is released back into the atmosphere, increasing the concentration of greenhouse gases.3. Industrial ProcessesThe manufacturing of goods and production of electricity can also contribute to global warming. Many industrial processes release CO2 and other greenhouse gases as byproducts, adding to the overall emissions in the atmosphere.Analysis of Measures1. Transition to Renewable EnergyOne of the most effective measures to combat global warming is to transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydropower. By investing in clean energy technologies and infrastructure, countries can reduce their greenhouse gas emissions and decrease their reliance on fossil fuels.2. Reforestation and Forest ConservationProtecting and restoring forests is another important measure to mitigate global warming. By preserving existingforests and planting new trees, we can increase the Earth's capacity to absorb CO2 from the atmosphere and store it in biomass. This can help reduce the concentration of greenhouse gases and slow down the rate of global warming.3. Energy Efficiency and ConservationImproving energy efficiency in buildings, transportation, and industrial processes is crucial for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. By using energy more efficiently and reducing waste, we can lower our carbon footprint and lessen our impact on the environment.4. International Cooperation and PolicyGlobal warming is a global issue that requires coordinated efforts from all countries. International cooperation and policy agreements such as the Paris Agreement are essential for setting targets and regulations to limit greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate the effects of climate change.ConclusionGlobal warming is a complex and urgent problem that requires immediate action from individuals, governments, and industries around the world. By understanding the causes of global warming and implementing effective measures to reducegreenhouse gas emissions, we can work towards a more sustainable and resilient future for our planet. Together, we can make a difference in combating global warming and protecting the health and well-being of future generations.。
英文版新闻总结
英文版新闻总结Title: Global Economy Shows Signs of Recovery, but Challenges RemainIntroduction:The global economy has experienced a slow recovery from the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. While signs of improvement are visible, challenges remain. This article will summarize key developments across various sectors of the economy, analyzing the progress made and the obstacles that need to be overcome.1. Economic Indicators:Global economic indicators have shown positive signs in recent months. Many countries have seen an increase in industrial production, consumer spending, and business confidence. The Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) for major economies has risen, indicating a growing manufacturing sector. Additionally, stock markets have rebounded, and unemployment rates have started declining.2. Trade and Global Supply Chains:The pandemic severely disrupted global supply chains, leading to a sharp decline in international trade. However, efforts to restore connectivity and revive trade have gained momentum. Governments have eased restrictions, and many countries are implementing policies to strengthen domestic manufacturing capabilities. Regional trade agreements such as the RCEP and CPTPP have played a crucial role in facilitating trade and investment.3. Technology and Digital Transformation:The pandemic accelerated the importance of technology and digitization across sectors. E-commerce platforms have experienced significant growth, and companies have increasingly focused on digitalization strategies. Remote work has become the new norm, prompting businesses to invest in digital infrastructure and cybersecurity. The rise of artificial intelligence and automation is transforming industries, enhancing productivity, and driving innovation.4. Sustainable Development:The push for green and sustainable practices has gained momentum during the pandemic. Countries are investing in renewable energy and transitioning towards a low-carbon future. The renewable energy sector has witnessed robust growth, with increased funding for solar and wind projects. Governments and businesses alike are recognizing the importance of environmentally-friendly practices and setting ambitious sustainability targets.5. Travel and Tourism:The travel and tourism industry suffered a severe blow due to worldwide travel restrictions. However, there are signs of recovery as vaccination campaigns progress. Countries are gradually reopening borders and implementing travel bubbles to revive tourism. The industry is adapting to new health and safety protocols, focusing on domestic tourism and digital marketing strategies. However, full recovery may take time, considering the evolving nature of the pandemic.6. Challenges and Uncertainties:Despite the progress made, the global economy faces several challenges and uncertainties. New COVID-19 variants and the potential for future pandemics pose risks to the economic recovery. Rising inflation and supply chain bottlenecks, including shortages of raw materials and semiconductor chips, threaten manufacturing sectors. Additionally, developing countries are struggling to access vaccines, hindering their recovery prospects.Conclusion:The global economy has shown resilience and signs of recovery as it emerges from the COVID-19 pandemic. However, uncertainties and challenges persist, highlighting the need for proactive measures. Governments, businesses, and international organizations must collaborate to address remaining obstacles and ensure a sustainable and inclusive recovery. Continued focus on technology, sustainability, and resilience will be crucial for long-term economic growth.。
清洁能源的英语作文
Clean energy,also known as renewable energy,is a term that encompasses a wide range of energy sources that are replenished naturally and sustainably.These sources include solar,wind,hydro,geothermal,and biomass energy.The importance of clean energy cannot be overstated,as it plays a crucial role in addressing climate change, reducing pollution,and ensuring a sustainable future for our planet.The Advantages of Clean Energy1.Environmental Benefits:Clean energy sources produce little to no greenhouse gas emissions,which are the primary contributors to global warming.By using renewable energy,we can significantly reduce our carbon footprint and mitigate the effects of climate change.2.Sustainability:Unlike fossil fuels,which are finite resources,clean energy sources are virtually inexhaustible.The sun will continue to shine,the wind will keep blowing,and the Earths heat will remain a constant source of energy.3.Economic Opportunities:The clean energy sector is a rapidly growing industry that creates jobs in manufacturing,installation,and maintenance of renewable energy systems. It also stimulates innovation and technological advancements.4.Energy Independence:By harnessing clean energy,countries can reduce their dependence on imported fossil fuels,enhancing their energy security and reducing geopolitical tensions.5.Health Benefits:The reduction in air pollution from cleaner energy sources leads to improved public health,with fewer respiratory illnesses and other pollutionrelated health issues.Challenges to Clean Energy Adoption1.Initial Costs:The upfront costs for installing clean energy systems can be high, although these are often offset by longterm savings and government incentives.2.Intermittency:Some forms of clean energy,such as solar and wind,are intermittent, meaning they are not always available when needed.Energy storage solutions and smart grid technologies are being developed to address this challenge.3.Infrastructure:The existing energy infrastructure is largely designed for fossil fuels, and transitioning to clean energy requires significant upgrades and investments.4.Public Perception:Misconceptions and resistance to change can slow the adoption of clean cation and awareness campaigns are essential to overcome these barriers.5.Policy and Regulation:Supportive policies and regulations are necessary to encourage the development and use of clean energy.This includes subsidies,tax incentives,and renewable energy targets.The Future of Clean EnergyThe future of clean energy looks promising.Technological advancements are making renewable energy systems more efficient and ernments around the world are setting ambitious targets for renewable energy adoption,and the private sector is increasingly investing in clean energy projects.As we move towards a more sustainable future,it is essential to continue supporting research and development in clean energy technologies.By doing so,we can ensure a cleaner,healthier,and more prosperous world for generations to come.。
星星之火可以燎远英语作文
星星之火可以燎远英语作文A small spark can ignite a flame that grows into an unstoppable blaze. This is a powerful metaphor that reminds us of the incredible potential within even the smallest of actions. A single match can set an entire forest ablaze just as a single idea can spark a revolution. Throughout history, we have seen how a small spark has led to monumental change and progress.One of the most famous examples of a small spark leading to a great fire is the case of Rosa Parks. In 1955, Rosa Parks, a black woman, refused to give up her seat on a segregated bus to a white passenger as was required by the laws of the time in Montgomery, Alabama. This single act of civil disobedience was the spark that ignited the Montgomery bus boycott, a 13-month protest against racial segregation on the public transit system. The boycott was a major victory for the civil rights movement and helped propel Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. to the forefront of the struggle for equality.Similarly, the self-immolation of Tunisian street vendor Mohamed Bouazizi in 2010 was the spark that ignited the Tunisian revolutionand the broader Arab Spring. Bouazizi, who had his vegetable cart confiscated by the police, set himself on fire in an act of protest against the corruption and oppression of the Tunisian regime. This single tragic event sparked widespread protests across Tunisia that eventually led to the overthrow of the long-ruling president, Zine El Abidine Ben Ali. The Tunisian revolution then inspired similar uprisings across the Arab world, leading to the fall of other authoritarian regimes in Egypt, Libya, and Yemen.In the realm of technology and innovation, we can also see how a small spark can lead to a great fire. The invention of the personal computer by pioneers like Steve Jobs and Bill Gates is a prime example. The first personal computers were relatively basic machines, but they sparked a revolution that has transformed the world. From these humble beginnings, the personal computer industry has grown into a multi-trillion dollar global phenomenon that has fundamentally changed the way we live, work, and communicate.Even in the world of art and culture, we can see the power of a small spark to ignite a great fire. The punk rock movement of the 1970s is a prime example. Emerging from the gritty streets of London and New York, punk rock was a raw, rebellious, and DIY-driven musical genre that challenged the mainstream and inspired a generation of young people to express their anger and frustration with the status quo. While punk rock may have seemed like a small and insignificantmovement at the time, it went on to have a profound impact on popular music and culture, inspiring countless other genres and subcultures.The lesson we can learn from these examples is that even the smallest of actions can have a massive impact. A single person can spark a movement that changes the world. A single idea can lead to a revolution in technology or culture. The key is to recognize the potential within even the smallest of sparks and to nurture and cultivate that potential.Of course, not every small spark will lead to a great fire. Many ideas and actions will fizzle out and fail to gain traction. But the possibility is always there, and it is up to us to recognize and seize those opportunities when they arise.In conclusion, the idea that a small spark can start a great fire is a powerful metaphor that reminds us of the incredible potential within even the most modest of actions. Whether it is a civil rights protest, a technological innovation, or a cultural revolution, history has shown us time and again that a single spark can ignite a flame that grows into an unstoppable blaze. By recognizing and nurturing those small sparks, we can unleash the transformative power of human ingenuity and create a better world for all.。
写出一篇关于全球变暖影响的英语作文
写出一篇关于全球变暖影响的英语作文The Impact of Global WarmingGlobal warming is one of the most pressing issues facing our planet today. The effects of global warming can be seen all around us, from rising sea levels to extreme weather events. In this essay, we will explore the impact of global warming on our planet and the steps that can be taken to mitigate its effects.One of the most significant impacts of global warming is the melting of polar ice caps and glaciers. This has led to a rise in sea levels, which threatens coastal communities around the world. In addition, the loss of ice in the Arctic has disrupted ecosystems and endangered species such as polar bears and seals.Another consequence of global warming is the increase in extreme weather events, such as hurricanes, droughts, and heatwaves. These events can cause widespread damage to infrastructure, crops, and human lives. In recent years, we have seen an increase in the frequency and intensity of these events, which is directly attributable to global warming.Global warming also has a profound impact on our oceans, leading to ocean acidification and coral bleaching. This has devastating effects on marine ecosystems, which are alreadyunder pressure from overfishing and pollution. The loss of coral reefs, in particular, has far-reaching consequences for the millions of people who depend on them for food and livelihoods.Despite the severity of the problem, there are steps that can be taken to mitigate the effects of global warming. One of the most important actions that can be taken is to reduce our carbon footprint by transitioning to renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power. This will help to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and slow the rate of global warming.In addition, steps can be taken to protect vulnerable communities from the impacts of global warming, such as building sea walls and implementing early warning systems for extreme weather events. By investing in resilience, we can help communities adapt to the changing climate and reduce the risks associated with global warming.In conclusion, global warming is a pressing issue that requires urgent action. The impacts of global warming are already being felt around the world, and if left unchecked, they will only worsen in the years to come. By taking steps to reduce our carbon footprint and protect vulnerable communities, we can help mitigate the effects of global warming and build a more sustainable future for our planet.。
小学英语职称试题及答案
小学英语职称试题及答案一、选择题(每题2分,共20分)1. What is the capital of China?A. BeijingB. ShanghaiC. GuangzhouD. Shenzhen答案:A2. How many days are there in a week?A. 7B. 8C. 9D. 10答案:A3. Which of the following is a fruit?A. PotatoB. TomatoC. BananaD. Carrot答案:C4. What does "Hello" mean in Chinese?A. 你好B. 再见C. 谢谢D. 对不起5. Which season comes after spring?A. SummerB. WinterC. AutumnD. Spring答案:A6. What color is the sky on a clear day?A. BlueB. GreenC. YellowD. Red答案:A7. What is the opposite of "big"?A. SmallB. TallC. ShortD. Long答案:A8. How do you say "I love you" in English?A. I like youB. I hate youC. I love youD. I need you答案:C9. Which of these is a musical instrument?B. ViolinC. TrumpetD. All of the above答案:D10. What is the name of the famous tower in Paris?A. Eiffel TowerB. Big BenC. Statue of LibertyD. Sydney Opera House答案:A二、填空题(每题2分,共20分)1. The ________ (太阳) rises in the east and sets in the west. 答案:sun2. The ________ (月亮) is the Earth's natural satellite.答案:moon3. The ________ (颜色) of the rainbow is red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet.答案:colors4. The ________ (国家) of the United States is called America. 答案:country5. The ________ (季节) after summer is autumn.答案:season6. The ________ (数字) from one to ten are one, two, three,four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, and ten.答案:numbers7. The ________ (星期) has seven days: Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, and Sunday.答案:week8. The ________ (月份) of the year are January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, and December.答案:months9. The ________ (动物) that lays eggs are birds, reptiles, and some mammals like the platypus.答案:animals10. The ________ (植物) that give us oxygen are trees, grass, and other green plants.答案:plants三、阅读理解题(每题3分,共30分)阅读下面的短文,然后回答问题。
聂鲁达英文版《二十首情诗与绝望的歌》
xx《二十首情诗与绝望的歌》Here I Love YouHere I love youIn the dark pines the wind disentangles itselfThe moon glows like phosphorus on the vagrant waters Days, all one kind, go chasing each otherThe snow unfurls in dancing figuresA silver gull slips down from the westSometimes a sail ,high,high starsOh the black cross of a shipAloneSometimes I get up early an even my soul is wetFar away the sea sounds an resoundsThis is a portHere I love you .Here I love you and the horizon hides you in vainI love you still among these cold thingsSometimes my kisses go on those heavy vesselsThat cross the sea towards no arrivalI see myself forgotten like those old anchorsmes Thinking, thangling shadowsThinking,tangling shadows in the deep solitudeYou are far away too,oh farther than anyoneThinking,freeing birds,dissolving imagesBurying lampsBelfry of fogs,how far away,up there!Stifling laments, milling shadowy hopes,Taciturn miller.Night falls on you face downward, far from the city.Your presence is foreign, as strange to me as a thingI think, I explore great tracts of my life bfore youMy life before anyone, my harsh lifeThe shout facing the sea, among the rocks.Running free,mad,in the sea-sprayThe sad rage, the shout, the solitude of the seaHeadlong,violent, stretched towads the skyYou,woman, what were you there, what ray,what vaneOf that immense fan?you were as far as you are nowFire in the forest! Buren in blue crossesBurn, burn, flamp up, sparkle in trees of lightIn my sky at twilightThis poem is a paraphrase of the 30th poem in rabindranath tagore’s the gardenerIn my sky at twilight you are like a cloudAnd your form and colour are the way I love themYou are mine, mine, woman with sweet lipsAnd in your life my infinite dreams liveThe lamp of my soul dyes your feetMy sour wine is sweeter on your lipsOh reaper of my evening songHow solitary dreams believe you to be mine!You are mine, mine, I go shouting it to the afternoon’sWind, and the wind hauls on my widowed voiceHuntress of the depths of my eyes, your plunderStills your nocturnal regard as though it were waterMy soul is born on the shore of your eyes of mourningIn your eyes of mourning the land of dreams begins.I like for you to be stillI like for you to be still:it is as though you were absentAnd you hear me from far away and my voice does not touch youIt seems as though your eyes had flown awayAnd it seems that a kiss had sealed your mouthAs all things are filled with my soulYou emerge from the things, filled with my soulYou are like my soul. A butterfly of dreamAnd you are like the word melancholyI like for you to be still, and you seem far awayIt sounds as though you were lamenting, a butterflyCooing like a doveAnd you hear me from far away, and my voice does not reach you : And let me talk to you with your silenceThat is bright sa a lamep, simple as a ringYou are like the night, with its stillness and constellationsYour silence is that of a star, as remote and candidI like for you to be still:it is as though you were absentDistant and full of sorrow as though you had diedOne wore then, one smile, is enoughAnd I am happy, happy that it’s not trueEvery day you playEvey day you play with the light of the universeSubtle visitor, you arrive in the flower and waterYou are more than this white head that I hold tightlyAs a cluster of fruit, every day, between my handsYou are like nobody since I love youLet me spread you out among yellow garlandsWho writes your name in letters of smoke amongThe stars of the south?Oh let me rember you as you were before you existedSuddenly the wind howls and bangs at my shut windowHere all the winds let go sooner or later, all of themThe rain takes off her clothesThe birds go by, fleeingThe wind. The wind.I can contend omly against the power of menThe storm whirls dark leavesAnd turns loose all the boats that were moored last night to the skyYou are here. Oh, you do not run awayYou will answer me to the last cryCling to me as though you were frightenedEven so, at one time a strange shadow ran trough your eyesNow, now too, little one. You bring me honeysuckleAnd even your breasts smell of itWhile the sad wind goes slaughtering butterfliesI love you, and my happiness bites the plum of your mouthHow you must have suffered getting accustomed to meMy savage, solitary soul ,my name that sends them all runningSo many times we have seen the morng star burn , kissing our eyesAnd over our heads the grey light unwind in turning fansMy words rained over you ,stroking youA long time I have loved the sunned mother-of-pearl of your bodyI go so far as to think that you own the universeI will bring you happy flowers from the mountains ,bluebellsDark hazels, and rustic baskets of kisses.I wantTo do with you what spring does with the cherry trees.I have gone markingI have gone marking the atlas of your body with crosses of fireMy mouth went across:a spider, trying to hideIn you ,behind you, timid, driven by thirstStories to tell yu on the shore of eveningSad and gentle doll, so that you should not be sadA swan, a tree, some thing far away and happyThe season of grapes, the ripe and fruitful seasonI who lived in a harbour from which I loved youThe solitude crossed with deam and with silencePenned up between the sea and sadnessSoundless, delirious, betuuen tuo motionless gondoliersBetween the lips and the voice something goes dyingMy toy doll, only a few drops are left tremblingEven so, something sings in these fugitive wordsSomething sings ,something climbs to my ravenous mouthOh to be able to celebrate you with all the words of joySing, burn, flee, like a belfry at the hands of a madmanWhen I have resched the most awesome and the coldest summitMy heart closes like a nocturnal flowerYou breast is enoghYou breast is enogh for my heartAnd my wings for your freedomWhat was sleeping above your soul will riseOut of my mouth to heavenIn you is the illusion of each dayYou arrive like the dew to the cupped flowersYou undermine the horizon with your absenceEternally in flight like the waveI have said tha you sang in the windLike the pines and like the mastsLike them you are tall and taciturnAnd you are sad, all at once, like a voyageYou gather things to you like an old roadYou are peopled with echoes and nostalgic voicesI awoke and at times birds fled and migratedThat had been sleeping in your soulAlmost out of the sky, half of the moonAnchors between two mountainsTurning, wandering night, the digger of eyesLet’s see how many stars are smashed in the poolIt makes a cross of mouring between my eyes, and runs awayM heart revolves like a crazy wheetSometimes your glance flashes ot under the skyYu cross above my heart eithout stoppingWind from the tombs carries of , wrecks, scatters your sleey rootThe big trees on the other side of her, uprootedBut you cloudless girl, question of smoke, corn tasselYou were what the wind was making with illuminated leavesBehind the nocturnal mountains, white lily of conflagrationAh, I can say nothing! You were mmade of everythingLonging that sliced my breast into piecesIt is time to take another road, on which she does not smileStorm that buride the bells, muddy swir of tormentsWhy touch her now, why make her sadOh to follow the roda that leads away from everythingWithout anguish, death, winter waiting along it With their eyes open through the dewWe have lost evenWe have lost even this twilightNo one saw us this evening hand in hand While the blue night dropped on the worldI have seen from my windowThe fiesta of sunset in the distant mountain tops Sometimes a piece of sunBurned like a coin between my handsI rembered you with my soul clenchedIn that sadness of mine that you knowWhere were you then?Wo else was there?Saying what?When I am sad and feel you are far away? The book fell that is always turned to at twilight And my cape rolled like a hurt dog at my feet Always, always you recede through the ecenings Towards where the twilight goes erasing statues Druk with pinesDrunk with pines and long kissesLike summer I steer the fast sail of the rosesBent towards the death of the thin dayStuck into my solid marine madnessPale and lashed to my ravenous waterI cruise in the sour smell of the naked climateStill dressed in grey and bitter soundsAnd a sad crest of abandoned sprayHardened by passions, I go mounted on my one wave Lunar, solar, burning and cold, all at once Becalmed in the throat of the fortunate islesThat are white and sweet as cool hipsIn the moist night my garment of kisses trembles Charged to insanity with electric currents Heroically divided into dreamsAnd intoxicating roses practicing on me Upstream, in the midst of the outer wavesYour parallel body yelds to my armsLike a fishi infinitely fastened to my soulQuick an slow, in the energy under the skyWhite beeWhite bee, you buzz in my soul, drunk with honeyAnd your flight winds in slow spirals of smokeI am the one without hope, the word without echoesHe who lost everything and he who had everythingLast hawser, in you creaks my last longingIn my barren land you are the final roseAh you who are silent!Let your deep eyes close. There the night fluttersAh your body, a frightened statue, nakedYou have deep eyes in which the night flailsCool arms of flowers and a lap of roseYour breasts seem like white snailsAh you who are silent!Here is the solitude from which you are absentIt is raing. The sea wind is hunting stray gullsThe water walks barefoot in the wet streetsWhite bee, even when you are gone you buzz in my soul You live again in time, slender and silentAh you who are silent!Leaning. Into. The .afternoonsTowards your oceanic eyesThere in the highest blaze my solitude lengthens and flames Its arms turning like a drowning man’sI send out red signals across your absent eyesThat move like the sea near a lighthouseYou keep only darkness, my distant femaleFrom your regard sometimes the coast of dread emerges To that sea that beats on your marine eyesThe birds of night peck at the first starsThat flash like my soul when I love youThe night gallops on its shadowy mareShedding blue tassels over the landI rember you as you wereI rember you as you were in the last autumnYou were the grey beret and the still heartIn your eyes the flames of the twilight fought onAnd the leaves fell in the water of your soulClasping my arms like a climbing plantThe leaves garnered your voice, that was slow and at peace Bonfire of awe in which my thirst was burningSweet blue hyacinth twisted over my soulI feel your eyes traveling, and the autumn is far off:Grey beret, voice of a bird, heart like a house Towards which my deep longings migratedAnd my kisses fell, happy as embersSky frm a ship .field from the hills:Your memory is made of light, fo smoke, of a still pond! Beyond your eyes, farther on, the evenings were blazing Dry autumn leaves revolved in your soulSo that you will hear meSo that you will hear me my wordsSometimes grow thinAs the tracks of the gulls on the beachesNecklace, drunken bellFor your hands smooth as grapesAnd I watch my words from a long way offThey are more yours than mineThey climb on my old suffering like ivyIt climbs the same way on damp wallsYou are to blame for this cruel sportThey are fleeing from my dark lairYou fill everything, you fill everythingBefore you they peopled the solitude that you occupyAnd they are more used to my sadness than you are Now I want them to say what I want to say to youTo make you hear as I want you to hear meThe wind of anguish still hauls on them as usual Sometimes hurricanes of dreams still knock them over You listen to other voices in my painful voice Lament of old mouths, blood of old supplications Follow me. Companion, on this wave of anguish You occupy everything, you occupy everythingI am making them into an endless necklaceFor your white hands, smooth as grapesThe morning is fullThe morning is full of stormIn the heart of summerThe clouds travel like white handkerchiefs of goodbye The wind, traveling, waving them in its handsThe numberless heart of the windBeating above our loving silenceOrchestral and divine, resounding among the trees Like a language full of wars and songsWind that bears off the dead leaves with a quick raidAnd deflects the pulsing arrows of the birdsWind that topples her in a wave without sprayAnd substance without weight, and leaning fires Her mass of kisses breaks and sinksAssailed in the door of the summer’s windAh vastness of pinesAh vastness of pines, mur of waves breakingSlow play of lights, solitary bellTwilight falling in your eyes, toy dollEarth-shell, in whom the earth singsIn you the rivers sing and my soul flees in themAs you desire, and you send it where you willAim my road on your bow of hopeAnd in a frenzy I will free my flock of arrowsOn all sides I see your waist of fogAnd your silence hunts down my afflicted hoursMy kisses anchor, and my moist desire nestsIn you with your arms of tansparent stoneAh your mysterious voice that love tolls and darkens In the resonant and dying evening!Thus in deep hours I have seen, over the fieldsThe ears of wheat tolling in the mouth of the windThe light wraps youThe light wraps you in its mortal flameAbstracted pale mourner, standing that wayAgainst the old propellers of the twilightThat revolves around youSpeechless, my friendAlone in the loneliness of this hour of the deadAnd filled with the lives of firePure heir of the ruined dayA bough of fruit falls from the sun on your dark garment The great roots of ninghtGrow suddenly from your soulSo that a blue and pallid peopleYour newly born, takes nourishmentOf the circle tha moves in turn through black and gold Rise, lead and possess a creationSo rich in life that its flowers perishand it is full of sadnessthe song of despairthe memory of you emerges from the night around methe river mingles its stubborn lament with the sea deserted like the wharves at dawnit is the hour of departure, oh deserted one!Cold flower heads are raing over my heartOh pit of debris, fierce cave of the shipwreckedIn you the wars and the flights accumulatedFrom you the wings of the song birds roseYou swallowed everything, like distanceLike the sea, like time. In you everything sankIt was the happy hour of assault and the kissThe hour of the spell that blazed like a lighthouse Pilot’s dread, fury of a blind diverTurbulent drunkenness of love, in you everything sank! In the childhood of mist my soul, winged and wounded Lost discover, in you everything sankYou girdled sorrow, you clung to desireSadness stunned you, in you everything sankI made the wall of shadow draw backBeyond desire and act, I walked onOh flesh, my own flesh, woman whom I loved and lost I summon you in the moist hour, I raise my song to youLike a jar you housed the infinite tendernessAnd the infinite oblivion shattered you like a jarThere was the black solitude of islandsAnd there, woman of love, your arms took me inThere were thirst and hunger, and you were the fruit There were grief and the ruins, and you were the miracle Ah woman, I do not know how you could contain meIn the earth of your soul, in the cross of your armsHow terrible and brief was my desire of youHow difficult and drunken, how tensed and avid Cemetery of kisses, there is still fire in your tombsStill the fruited boughs burn, pecked at by birdsOh the bitten mouth, oh the kissed limbsOh the hungering teeth, oh the entwined bodiesOh the mad coupling of hope and forceIn which we merged and despairedAnd the tenderness, light as water and as flourAnd the word scarcely begun on the lipsThis was my destiny and in it was the voyage of my longing And in it my longing fell,in you everything sank!Oh pit debris, everything fell into youWhat sorrow did you not express , in what sorrow are You not drownedFrom billow to billow you still called and sang Standing like a sailor in the prow of a vesselYou still flowered in songs, you still broke in currents Oh pit of debris, open and bitter wellPale blind diver, luckless slingerLost discover, in you everything sankIt is the hour of departure , the hard cold hour Which the night fastens to all the timetablesThe rustling belt of the sea girdles the shoreCold stars heave up ,black birds migrateDeserted like the wharves at dawnOnly the tremulous shadow twists in my handsOh farther than everything. Oh farther than everything It is the hour of departure, oh abandoned one!。
Renewable Energy and Climate Change
Renewable Energy and Climate Change Renewable energy and climate change are two interconnected issues that have been gaining increasing attention in recent years. Climate change is a global phenomenon caused by the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, primarily carbon dioxide, which is released through human activities such as burning fossil fuels. Renewable energy, on the other hand, refers to energy sources that are replenished naturally and can be used without depleting their reserves. The use of renewable energy is seen as a key solution to mitigating climate change, as it reduces the amount of greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere. In this essay, I will explore the relationship between renewable energy and climate change from multiple perspectives.From an environmental perspective, renewable energy is essential to mitigating the impacts of climate change. The burning of fossil fuels for energy is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, which are responsible for global warming. Renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydro power do not emit greenhouse gases and are therefore much cleaner and more sustainable. By transitioning to renewable energy sources, we can reduce our reliance on fossil fuels and significantly reduce our carbon footprint. This will help to slow the rate of global warming and reduce the severity of its impacts, such as sea level rise, more frequent and severe weather events, and the loss of biodiversity.From an economic perspective, the transition to renewable energy sources presents both challenges and opportunities. On the one hand, the initial costs of investing in renewable energy infrastructure can be high, and there may be some job losses in industries that rely on fossil fuels. However, in the long run, renewable energy is likely to be more cost-effective than fossil fuels, as the costs of renewable energy technologies continue to fall. Renewable energy also has the potential to create new jobs in industries such as solar and wind power, which are already experiencing rapid growth. Furthermore, the transition to renewable energy can reduce our dependence on foreign oil and increase energy security.From a social perspective, renewable energy has the potential to provide numerous benefits to communities around the world. Access to renewable energy can improve the quality of life for people in rural areas who lack access to reliable electricity, as well as forthose living in urban areas who are exposed to high levels of air pollution from fossil fuels. Renewable energy can also help to reduce energy poverty, which affects millions of people around the world. In addition, the development of renewable energy infrastructure can create new opportunities for community engagement and participation, as well as for the development of new technologies and innovations.Despite the many benefits of renewable energy, there are also challenges and limitations to its widespread adoption. One of the main challenges is the intermittency of renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power, which can make it difficult to maintain a stable energy supply. This can be addressed through the development of energy storage technologies, such as batteries, which can store excess energy generated during periods of high production and release it during periods of low production. Another challenge is the need for significant infrastructure investments to support the development of renewable energy sources, which can be a barrier for many countries and communities. Finally, there is also the challenge of political will and public support, as the transition to renewable energy requires significant changes to the way we produce and consume energy.In conclusion, renewable energy and climate change are two interconnected issues that require urgent attention and action. From multiple perspectives, it is clear that renewable energy is an essential solution to mitigating the impacts of climate change and creating a more sustainable future. While there are challenges and limitations to its adoption, the benefits of renewable energy are significant and far-reaching. As individuals, communities, and nations, we must work together to accelerate the transition to renewable energy and create a more sustainable, equitable, and prosperous future for all.。
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The Long Slow Rise of Solar and Windby Vaclac Smil(Vaclac Smil是一位著名的加拿大曼尼托巴大学名誉退休教授,写过30本左右的书,多数是能源与环境相关方向的。
)著名科学家Amory Lovins在1976年提出了一个假想。
他声称在2000年美国的能源将有33%来自于许多微小的,分散的可再生资源。
数十年后的2008年7月,环保人士Al Gore 又宣称完全改变国家电力供应这一想法在十年内是“可实现、可承担以及可变革的”。
接着在2009年11月,Mark Jacobson和Mark Delucchi在《科学美国人》上发表的“2030可再生能源之路”一文中提出了一个计划,即只需20年全球能源将完全转变成由可再生能源提供。
然而,从1990年到2012年世界的能源来自于化石燃料这一现象几乎没有什么改变,只是从88%降到87%而已。
在2011年可再生能源的生产少于美国能源供应的10%,并且这其中大多数还来源于诸如水电站和燃烧伐木业产生的木屑等“旧”再生能源。
在长达20多年的高额补贴发展后,新的可再生资源比如说风能和太阳能以及如玉米乙醇这样的现代生物燃料也被证实只占国家能源供应的3.35%。
这种能源转化的缓慢步伐并不出人意料,事实上是情理之中的。
在美国甚至全世界,每一次从一种主要燃料向另一种燃料改变并广泛传播是需要50-60年时间的。
首先是木材到煤炭的转变,接着是煤炭到石油。
而现在美国正处于第三次主要能源转变期,从煤炭和石油到天然气。
在2001年到2012年间,美国煤炭消耗量下跌了20%,而原油则下降了7%,与此同时天然气的消耗量则上升了14%。
然而,即使天然气储备丰富、清洁且可负担得起,要想全面普及天然气仍需十到二十年的时间。
(全球主要的能源转化——从木材到煤炭到石油——各自经历了50到60年的时间。
而现在转化到天然气同样要花很长时间。
没有理由相信向可再生能源的转变会如预期的那样快。
在发达国家,“旧的”像水力发电这样的再生能源已经得到了最大利用。
因此必须要在2011年美国供应仅有3.35%这样的再生能源上有所发展,例如风能、太阳能及生物燃料。
但作者持反对意见,某些政策可能加速再生能源的发展。
这些包括许多科技研究中投入的经费,结束不必要的补贴,确保价格反应能源来源的环境与健康成本以及提高世界范围的能源效益。
)然而,伴随着全球能源需求的稳步增长,煤炭的重要性相对下降,原煤(不是原油)作为20世纪最重要的燃料退出了它的舞台:煤炭贡献了约5.3 YJ的能量,相比之下石油提供了4 YJ。
只有两个主要的经济国家完成了第三种化石燃料的过渡,即天然气的消耗超过原油消耗,一个是苏联在1984年完成,一个是英国在1999年完成。
我用来证明这种转变是平缓且漫长的方式是描绘一种能源的上升率。
我开始记下一种燃料达到总供应的5%时的数据,然后看当它到达一定程度的优势时的数据。
这三次连续的转变具有一些有趣的相似之处。
煤炭(替代木材)在1840年左右达到了全球市场的5%,1855年达到了10%,1865年达到了15%,1870年达到20%,1875年达到25%,1885年达到33%,1895年达到40%而1900年达到50%。
到达这些里程碑所需的时间序列是:15-25-30-35-45-55-60。
而对于石油代替煤炭来说,时间序列从1915年的5%开始后的间隔实际上是完全相同的。
天然气大概在1930年占全球燃料市场的5%。
它已经达到了供应量的百分之10,15,20以及25。
度过了20-30-40-50年这一时间序列,现在正在向总量的33%接近。
如果我们对比这个时间序列,我们会发现天然气显然用了更长的时间来达到全部市场的25%,与煤炭的35年和石油的40年相比,天然气用了大约55年的时间。
仅仅这三个序列并不能决定未来全球能源转换的速度。
而安全廉价的核能的实质突破或一个真正便宜的方式来有效地储存大量风和太阳产生的能源都可能加速另一种变化。
但两个世纪来这三种全球性转变中类似的步调是显著的。
特别是由于这三种燃料所需的生产技术,销售渠道以及将它们转换成可用能量的机械(无论是火车的柴油机还是家里的火炉)都是完全不同的。
世界范围内任何一种新的能源所需的巨额投资和基础设施要在市场上占有大量份额需要两到三代,即50到75年之久。
可再生资源的挑战性转变迄今为止再生能源技术也正处于这一相同的缓慢进程中。
2011年美国能源生产中可再生能源占9.39%:在97.301千兆BTU总耗量中占9.135千兆BTU(相当于约103兆焦耳)。
传统的再生能源提供6.01%:水电站占3.25%,木材(主要来源于伐木作业)占2.04%,而剩余的一小部分来源于生物量和地热能。
“新”可再生能源依旧微不足道:液态生物燃料占2.0%,风能1.19%,太阳能0.16%。
对新可再生能源而言,占总量的3.35%是一个有重要意义的数字。
事实上美国再生能源供应未来所有增长都将来源于这些资源,因为旧的再生能源,尤其是水电进一步增长的潜力十分有限。
要过渡到再生能源特别有挑战性,这么说是有多种原因的。
首先是规模,在2012年全球化石能源的使用量大约是450艾焦耳,是19世纪90年代煤炭刚取代木材后的20倍。
坦白说用任一新资源来生产这么多的能量是艰巨的,并且其中有显著份额将来自美国,因为在美国再生能源的消耗量正接近世界总额的五分之一。
另一个因素是风能和太阳能的间歇性性质。
随着夜晚空调使用量以及大城市电子基础设施(从地铁到网络服务器)耗电量的需求不断增长,当今社会需要可靠、不间断的电力供应。
煤炭与核电站是为美国提供电能的“基本负荷”,即日以继夜稳定的电力生产份额。
而可以快速启动与关闭的水电站和燃气发电厂,通常提供遇到短暂的用电高峰期对附加电量的需求,在这一特殊的时间段对电量的需求远超过了基本负荷所能承受的。
风能和太阳能为基本负荷做贡献,但他们无法单独提供所有能量,因为风不可能永远吹而太阳到了晚上就没有了,那么像这种供应源就不能可靠的预测。
在像德国这样的国家,可再生能源的利用已经大幅增长,风能和太阳能可以在某个晴朗和多风的时段里任何一个地方提供能源,从微不足道的量到近乎需求量的一半。
这样的大幅波动就需要有其他发电站做候补,通常是燃煤或燃气,又或者是增加进口电力。
在德国,这一切变动都会导致周边国家电流出现严重混乱。
(要想加快可再生能源的变迁最重要的方式就是通过提升效率来降低总体能耗。
随着全球需求上升的速度越快,就越难以维持大量的供应。
)取代世界能源还需要很多年每一种主导世界供应的主要能源在都用了50到60年的时间上升到首要位置。
煤炭在1840年达到了全球供应的5%,而在约60年后的1900年才达到50%,最终取代了木材。
随后煤炭至石油和天然气的转变也按着相似模式到达了供应的基准水平,在供应达到5%后稳步上升。
石油目前还没达到50%,或许也永远不能达到了。
天然气仍在这条路的中途并且还要很长时间去提升。
而所谓的“现代可再生能源”——风能、太阳能地热以及液态生物燃料——只达到了3.4%;除非出现一项颠覆性的技术或是政策改革来加速变化,否则它们的进程不会有变化,也许注定有很长一段过渡。
煤炭消耗产生的电力仍然占了美国电力的三分之一。
可再生能源起飞的速度并没有比其他新燃料曾经的速度快多少,而且也没有任何技术或经济上的推论使我们相信它将会快速增长。
从某种程度上来说正是由于能源需求在全球不断上升,这使得天然气仅仅是跟上步伐都已经很困难,更不用说其他可再生能源了。
在某些国家这种转变可能快速进行,但全球使用可再生能源的过程将继续缓慢进行,尤其是当前向天然气的转变才刚结束。
当然,总是有可能会出现一项突破性的技术或一项革命性的政策来加速这一转变,但总的来说能源的转换是需要很长时间的。
从木材到煤炭再到石油如今我们对快速而全面过渡到可再生能源抱很大希望的动力不过是痴心妄想,以及对近代历史的误解。
大多数人认为19世纪(快速工业化的年代)世界能源的消耗主要是煤炭,而20世纪则是石油的时代,那么我们所处的当代自然将属于可再生能源。
前两个想法是错误的,后一个尚有疑问。
即使随着工业机械的兴起,19世纪也并不是以靠煤。
而是靠木材、木炭和秸秆(主要是谷物秸秆),它们提供了全球能源的85%,约为2.4YJ。
煤炭开始提供5%以上的燃烧能是在1840年左右,而直到1900年它仍然只提供了需求量的一半。
从5%提高到50%要用50到60年。
有较好的美国统计数据表明1885年开始化石燃料所提供的能源(主要是煤炭、部分原油上很小体积的天然气)已经超过木柴和木炭提供的能源。
这一转折点出现在了1875年的法国以及1901年的日本,但苏联直到1930年才出现,中国在1965年而印度在20世纪70年代末。
同样,在20世纪最多的能源也不是石油,而是煤炭。
在20世纪初烟煤和褐煤在全球燃料消耗中所占份额达到最高,约为55%。
但原油当时虽然已在使用,却直到1964年才超过煤炭的使用量。
如果电力企业有一种便宜的方式来储存大量需求少时的风和太阳所产生的过剩电量,可以利用它来满足之后可能遇到的高峰需求,这样新的可再生能源将能得到更快的发展。
不幸的是,几十年的发展只提供了唯一好的、大范围的解决办法就是:把水抽送高位水库里,这样一来它就能回流通过涡轮机产生电流。
没有多少地方有这样的高程变化或是空间来完成这项工作,何况这一过程还会损失净能量。
替代解决方案则是在很大一片区域里(大约有一个大国或是陆地的一半那么大范围)建造一个广泛阵列的风能和太阳能发电站,并用输电线路把它们连接起来,使发电站的每一个单位都永远为输电网提供电力的机会最大化。
更好更长的输电线路在技术上是可行的,但他们的建造成本很昂贵并且会经常面对当地人的强烈反对:不出意料的话,不管是在美国还是德国批准这一新线路的过程会非常缓慢。
最终想要大量利用可再生能源可能需要从根本上重塑我们现代能源的基础设施。
对电力而言,它可能会从庞大的热电站或水电站中相对少的部分转变到许多小的大多数,即分布式风能和太阳能系统。
对液态燃料而言,它可能需要由提取高功率密度的石油转变成生产低功率密度的生物燃料。
在许多方面,可再生能源的过渡会比之前从煤炭到石油再到天然气的转变更加费力。
最后一个导致这种长期转变的因素就是目前基础设施的规模与成本。
即使我们要使用免费的可再生能源,对国家、企业或市政府来说,要放弃已经投资在全球化石燃料系统中基础设施上至少20万亿美元的资金(从煤矿、油井、燃气管道和炼油厂到数百万的当地加油站)经济上都是无法想象的。
根据我的计算,在2001年至2010年间,中国一个国家就花了500亿美元增加差不多300千瓦的新燃煤发电量,这个数量多于德国、法国、英国、意大利和西班牙化石燃料发电量的总和。