2021年南昌第一中学高三英语下学期期末考试试卷及答案解析

2021年南昌第一中学高三英语下学期期末考试试卷及答案解析
第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
Although Adrian Wood had already sent her three oldest children off toWhiteOakElementary SchoolinEdenton,North Carolina, she was anxious when it was her youngest son Amos's turn to start classes.Adriansaid, “Sending Amos to school was such a different path. He was 3 when he started school. He had autism(自闭症)and he didn't speak."
Amos struggled to make friends and fit in, but there was always one person there who was very happy to see him. Raymond Brown has worked at the school as a guard for the past 15 years. All of the students know and love him, and he's truly a friend to all. He started callingAdrian's son “Famous Amos” on day one. To the mom's surprise, Amos quickly began responding with a cheerful "Hey, Brown” whenever he saw him. "He wasn't even saying 'daddy' at home, so it was really something, "Adriansaid.
“Amos is a hard friend to have,"Adrianexplained, "He takes a lot more than he gives and that's tough for children. But those kids saw that he was popular and loved, and they started fighting over who would get to hold Amos' hand on the way to the classroom. It meant so much to me that he was favored by the other children at school, and Mr. Brown had a big hand in that.”
About a year ago, school officials nominated Mr. Brown forNorth Carolina's School Hero, a $20,000 prize. When the results came out and he didn't win,Adrianwas heartbroken. She couldn't let the disappointing results stand, so she took to Facebook and created an annual “Famous Amos” prize for Mr. Brown in their community. Her neighbors answered the call, donating $35,000 in just one week! Townspeople and school officials gathered in March to celebrate Mr. Brown and give him the money they'd raised. Principal Michelle handed him a giant check and thanked him for everything he does to help kids like Amos find their way.
1. What madeAdrianworried?
A. Her youngest son's bad behavior.
B. Her family's heavy financial burden.
C. Her youngest son's mental problem.
D. Her three sons' poor performance at school.
2. What change did Mr. Brown bring to Amos?
A. Amos became a top student at school.
B. Amos got more attention from other kids.
C. Amos learned to share and care about others.
D. Amos had a better relationship with his family members.
3. What did Mr. Brown get in the end?
A. The “Famous Amos” prize.
B. A check from the local government.
C.North Carolina's School Hero prize.
D. A small donation from the community.
B
Losing your ability to think and remember is pretty frightening. We know the risk of dementia (痴呆症) increases with age. But if you have memory slips you probably needn’t worry. There are pretty clear differences between signs of dementia and age-related memory loss.
After age 50, it’s quite common to have trouble remembering the namesof people, places and things quickly, says Dr. Kirk Daffner of Brigham and Women’s Hospital inBoston.
The brain ages just like the rest of the body. Certain parts become smaller, especially areas in the brain that are important to learning, memory and planning. Changes in brain cells can affect communication between different regions of the brain. And blood flow can be reduced as blood vessels narrow.
Forgetting the name of an actor in a favorite movie, for example, is nothing to worry about. But if you forget the plot of the movie or don’t remember even seeing it, that’s far more concerning, Daffner says.
When you forget entire experiences, he says, that’s “a red flag that something more serious may be involved”. Forgetting how to operate a familiar object like a microwave oven, or forgetting how to drive to the house of a friend you’ve visited many times before can also be signs of something going wrong
But even then, Daffner says, people shouldn’t panic. There are many things that can cause confusion andmemory loss, including health problems like temporary stoppage of breathing during sleep, high blood pressure, or depression, as well as medications (药物) like antidepressants.
You don’t have to figure this out on your own. Daffner suggests going to your doctor to check on medications, health problems and other issues that could be affecting memory. And the best defense against memory loss is to try to prevent it by building up your brain’s cognitive(认知的) reserve, Daffner says.
“Read books, go to movies, take on new hobbies or activities that force one to think in novel ways, ” he says.
In other words, keep your brain busy and working. And also get physically active, because exercise is a known brain booster
4. Why does the author say that one needn’t be concerned about memory slips?
A. Not all of them are related to one’s age.
B. Not all of them are symptoms of dementia.
C. They occur only among certain groups of people.
D. They are quite common among fifty-year-old people.
5. Which memory-related symptom should people take seriously
A. Totally forgetting how to do one’s daily routines.
B. Inability to recall details of one’s life experiences
C. Failure to remember the names of movies or actors
D. Occasionally confusing the addresses of one’s friends.
6. What should people do when signs of serious memory loss show up?
A. Check the brain’s cognitive reserve.
B. Stop medications affecting memory.
C. Turn to a professional for assistance.
D. Exercise to improve their well-being
7. What is Dr. Daffner’s advice forfight against memory loss?
A. Having regular physical and mental checkups.
B. Taking medicine that helps boost one’s brain.
C. Engaging in known memory repair activities.
D. Staying active both physically and mentally
C
Every racehorse has different abilities．Like humans，some are short- distance runners，while others are marathoners．Figuring out which is which and how to pace them can be the difference between failure in the finish and taking the award home．Jockeys（赛马骑师）and trainers have traditionally relied on centuries of experience and data from previous races to plan their races．
Amandine Aftalion，a mathematician in Paris，thought she could add to that．Since 2013，she has been analyzing the performances of world champion runners like Usain Bolt．She has found that short-distance runners tend to win when they start strong and gradually slow down toward the finish line．Butin medium-distance races，
runners perform better when they start strong，settle down，and finish with a burst of speed．Her model shows how those winning strategies maximize the energy output of muscles reliant on two different pathways：powerful aerobic（有氧的）ones that require oxygen，which can be in limited supply during a race，and anaerobic ones，which don't need oxygen but build up waste products that lead to tiredness．
Aftalion wondered which strategy would be best for horses．So she and Quentin Mercier，anothermathematician，took advantage of a new GPS tracking tool inserted in French racing saddles（马鞍）．The two studied patterns in many races at the Chantilly racetracks north of Paris and developed a model that accounted for winning strategies for three different races：a short one(1，300 meters)，a medium one (1,900 meters)，and a slightly longer one (2,100 meters)，all with different starting points on the same track．The model takes into account not just different race distances，but also the size or friction fromthe track surface．The results might surprise jockeys who hold horses back early for bursts of energy in the last finish．Instead，a strong start leads to a better finish，the team found．“That doesn't mean those jockeys are wrong，though．If the start is too strong，it can bedevastatingas well，leaving the horse tired by the end，” Aftalion says．
8. What should a runner do to get an award according to the text?
A. Make a good start．
B. Plan for the race early．
C. Run slowly on the starting line．
D. Try runningquickly all the time．
9. What formed the basis for Aftalion's studying horse race?
A The experience and data from previous horse races．
B. The benefit of knowing horses' different abilities．
C. The success in studying runners' winning strategies．
D. The performance of horses on different race distances．
10. What does the underlined word“devastating”in the last paragraph mean?
A. Boring．
B. Damaging．
C. Astonishing．
D. Puzling．
11. What can we infer from the text?
A. Runners have the same energy output of muscles．
B. Aftalion's findings may help horses to win the race．
C. What Jockeys and trainers do makes no sense to horses．
D. World champion runners made a contribution to the study．
D
It was five years ago that something unforgettable happened. My wife and I celebrated our 40thwedding
anniversary that year. It was a lovely event hosted by our sons for us. My wonderful friends from the past surprised us with gifts and congratulations. Our gift to each other was a driving trip out west. We drove fromOntariointoAlberta, then southward intoGlacierNational ParkinMontana, and continued toYellowstoneNational Park.
It was a cold spring day, and theBeartooth Highwayhad opened for the season just days before. Alongside the road, there was still a great amount of snow there. The scenery was so impressive that we made lots of stops to record memories with my camera. At the highest point of the highway, I stopped at a lookout to catch the amazing views, with my wife in the centre of my camera lens.
There were not many cars on the road. Sometimes, cars with energetic young tourists passed by. And then we heard a motorcycle in the distance. The driver of the motorcycle, who wore dirty clothes, parked behind our cars. As he approached us, his only words were, “Give me your camera and get over there with your wife.” I must admit I felt nervous that we might be robbed where we just created some beautiful memories. Surprisingly, he just took a picture of us, handed back my camera and rode off before we could express our gratitude. The photo he took is one of the most valuable and prized of our trip.
I learned my lesson somewhere I least expected it. We should never judge a man by his appearance. If the motorcycle driver reads this story and remembers the situation, we would like to say “Thank you” to him.
12. According to the passage, what do we know about the trip?
A. It was taken by train to the west.
B. It was a suggestion from their friends.
C. It was in the late autumn five years ago.
D. It was a gift for their wedding anniversary.
13. Why was the author nervous when the motorcycle driver offered to take a picture?
A. He could have lost the camera.
B. His wife might not be satisfied with the view there.
C. The motorcycle driver would borrow the camera.
D. The motorcycle driver might not be good at the taking pictures.
14. Which of the following best describes the driver of the motorcycle?
A. Kind and straightforward.
B. Rich and generous.
C. Creative and capable.
D. Careful and admirable.
15. Which of the following can be concluded from the passage?
A. No pains, no gains.
B. Seeing is believing.
C. Don’t judge a book by its cover.
D. The longest journey begins with the first step.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项Should you listen to music when you work? Some will say they love it, claiming that it improves their performance; others will say they cannotwork effectively with music playing in the background.____16____It just depends on what sort of work you’re doing.
In a recent study, we brought participants into our lab with a variety of tasks. They included an easy task—searching through word lists and crossing out words containing the letter “a” and a more difficult task—memorizing word pairs and recalling the partner to each word. Some participants completed all of the tasks in silence, whereas others completed the tasks with instrumental music that was either loud or soft, and either simple or complex, the latter meaning music with more instrumental tracks.____17____
We found that participants who listened to simple music or no music performed about the same on the easy task.____18____Contrarily, participants performed worse on the more difficult task when they listened to any music, regardless of complexity or volume, compared to those who didn’t listen to any music.
____19____Not surprisingly, we typically need to use fewer of our mental resources when we perform easy tasks, whereas demanding tasks require more brainpower. However, because we might be less engaged during easier tasks, there’s a greater risk of drifting off to sleep. Music might give us the extra boost we need to get refreshed.____20____Listening to music can become overkill (过犹不及). So we have to strike a balance between the type of music and the type of task.
A. What should we make of these findings?
B. Several key findings emerged from our study.
C. However, difficult tasks already demand a lot of our mental resources.
D. Ourresearch has found that the effects of work may depend on our personalities.
E. We want to develop a more comprehensive framework that could be applied broader.
F. However, participants who listened to complex music performed best on the easy task.
G. Interestingly enough,our research has found that both of these perspectives can be true.
第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项He could have placed it in a corner or could have sold it to a friend down the street or a stranger on a shopping website.___21___Dave Kellner, of Riegelsville, decided to share his beloved cello(大提琴)with a young musician with ability and ambition who didn't___22___one.
On Friday, the 69-year-old man___23___the Easton Area Middle School to___24___present his cello to Anna Smith, a seventh- grader who plays in the school orchestra(管弦乐队).
Kellner___25___the cello nine years ago when he retired and decided to start a___26___.He spent two years trying to improve his skills, but the effects of arthritis(关节炎) made it___27___for him to go on practising.
He could have___28___the cello to the district's music programme. But he wanted it in the hands of a talented,serous-minded local___29___who couldn't afford to purchase a cello. Donna Palmer, director of the school orchestra, said it was difficult to____30____after narrowing down the field to three worthy students.____31____,the instrument was given to a 13-year-old who says she hopes to____32____the cello for the rest of her life.
Because of his kind act, Kellner will be able to experience the____33____of hearing it played at spring musical concert. And knowing she has another fan in the____34____could help keep Smith motivated to practise and perhaps eventually____35____the cello.
Kellner's____36____to reach out and improve the life of a talented, young musician is____37____. A good cello can cost roughly $2, 000. That's a high____38____for many poor families. In the hands of a child with talent and determination, it can____39____a life. Here's hoping that there are more Dave Kellners out there who understand the value of passing on a(n)____40____musical instrument.
21. A. But B. So C. And D. Or
22. A. need B. accept C. deserve D. have
23. A. stayed at B. arrived at C. passed by D. moved into
24. A. secretly B. personally C. anxiously D. normally
25. A. borrowed B. discovered C. bought D. advertised
26. A. school B. company C. hobby D. programme
27. A. unnecessary B. probable C. suitable D. difficult
28. A. donated B. reported C. added D. connected
29. A. teacher B. friend C. actor D. student
30. A. decide B. explain C. stop D. discuss
31. A. By all means B. In the end C. At least D. Above all
32. A. buy B. borrow C. keep D. play
33. A. life B. effect C. joy D. loss
34. A. hospital B. army C. classroom D. audience
35. A. master B. sell C. return D. miss
36. A. decision B. plan C. goal D. permission
37. A. interesting B. disappointing C. satisfying D. inspiring
38. A. level B. price C. quality D. risk
39. A. save B. end C. change D. live
40. A. expensive B. traditional C. beloved D. useless
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
One day,Pierre,___41.___worked in a government office, received an___42.___(invite) to a palace ball. His wife, Mathilde, had no money for jewellery, so she___43.___(borrow) a beautiful necklace from her friend, Jeanne. She looked very beautiful and they had a wonderful time that evening. She said that it was her___44.___(good) moment in her life. But after the ball, she found the necklace___45.___(miss). They had to borrow a lot of money___46.___(buy) a new one for Jeanne. In order to pay___47.___the money, they worked day and night for 10 years. Mathilde became___48.___(extreme) old, so Jeanne didn’t recognize her___49.___they met in a park 10 years later. From this story, we know a person shouldn’t___50.___(affect) by vanity (虚荣心), otherwise it will cost him a lot.
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节短文改错（满分10分）
51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。

每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除:把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。

修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

For years, I thought my father was strongest person I had ever met. He worked hard most of his life and he
was physical healthy. However, he had a seriously illness at the age of forty. My mother is always fighting alongside him. She suffered a lot of pressure as for his caretaker. She also managed to doing a full-time job and raise three children. My mother never lost faith that my father would be standing next to him again and the pair would be gardened together in the spring. It was her strength what kept my father alive. Fortunately, after 8 year of treatment, my father finally recovered.
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
52.假如你是李华，你的美国笔友David准备组织一个“人文中国”(Cultural China)的活动，写信向你求助。

请你给他回信，内容包括：
1.推荐中国书法艺术；
2.提供活动建议。

参考词汇:书法calligraphy
注意:1.词数100左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

参考答案
1. C
2. B
3. A
4. B
5. A
6. C
7. D
8. B 9. C 10. B 11. B
12. D 13. A 14. A 15. C
16. G 17. B 18. F 19. A 20. C
21. A 22. D 23. B 24. B 25. C 26. C 27. D 28. A 29. D 30. A 31. B 32.
D 33. C 34. D 35. A 36. A 37. D 38. B 39. C 40. C
41. who
42. invitation
43. borrowed
44. best 45. missing
46. to buy 47. back
48. extremely
49. when 50. be affected
51.(1).在strongest前加the
(2).physical →physically
(3).seriously→serious
(4).is →was
(5).删去for
(6). doing →do
(7). him →her
(8). gardened →gardening
(9). what →that
(10).year →years
52.略。