高考总复习英语(人教版)教师用书必修1Unit4Earthquakes

Unit 4Earthquakes
[话题单词] 1．earthquake n. 地震
2．tsunami n. 海啸
3．explosion n. 爆炸4．emergency n. 紧急情况5．reaction n. 反应
6．crash v. 撞毁
7．panic v. 惊慌
8．recover v. 复原
9．threaten v. 威胁
10．unite v. 团结；联合11．attack v. 攻击；袭击
12．hit/strike v. 袭击；(灾难)突然发生13．hopeless adj. 无助的14．dramatically ad v. 剧烈地15．suffering n. 痛苦；苦难
[话题短语]
1．stay calm保持镇静
2．rescue work救灾工作
3．(a typhoon) hit/strike...袭击某地
4．return to normal恢复正常
5．an earthquake took place/occurred/happened in some place
某处发生地震
6．suffer from the natural disaster遭受自然灾害
7．overe the difficulty克服困难
8．rescue...from拯救
9．trapped persons被困人员
10．be in ruins成为废墟
11．cause great damage/economic losses
造成巨大损失/经济损失
12．houses collapse/fall down房屋倒塌
13．wash away buildings，roads and bridges
冲走房屋、道路、桥梁
14．call on people to make donations呼吁人们捐赠
15．take on a new look呈现新面貌
[话题佳句]
1．In the past hundred years，there have been frequent natural disasters such as floods，droughts，and earthquakes.
在过去的几百年里，经常发生诸如水灾、干旱和地震这样的自然灾害。

2．After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.
地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。

3．Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and being reduced to ruins，the city took on a new look.
遭遇一次大地震并被沦为废墟之后不久，这座城市就呈现出一个新面貌。

4．In the earthquake that happened in Ludian County，Yunnan Province on August 3,2014，a large number of houses and buildings were destroyed，and some of them were almost in ruins，which caused great damage to the local economy.
在2014年8月3日发生在云南省鲁甸县的地震中，大量的房屋和建筑物被破坏，其中有一些几乎成为废墟，这对当地经济产生了巨大损害。

5．Nothing is so big that it is impossible to get over，and hurt only serves to make us stronger.
没有什么东西强大到难以克服，伤害只能使我们更加强大。

[佳作背诵]
4月20日，你省某市发生了强烈地震，造成很大损失，学校号召全体师生向灾区捐款。

请你拟一份发言稿，在学校捐款动员大会上使用。

发言稿主要内容应包括：1．对灾区情况的简单介绍(包括地震发生的时间、地点、造成的财产和人员损失等)；
2．捐款的意义(帮助灾区人民渡过难关、帮助灾区重建)；
3．如何捐款(自愿、多少不限、以班级为单位，收齐后交到学校红十字会)。

[佳作欣赏]
Dear teachers and students，
As we all know, a terrible earthquake happened in a city of our province on April 20, in which many buildings were destroyed and many people were injured.
In order to help the earthquake victims to go through the hard times and rebuild their hometown, the school has called on everyone in our school, including both teachers and students, to donate money to the earthquake-stricken area. This donation is voluntary. You can give away however much you want to. The money will be collected by each class before it is handed to the Red Cross Society of our school.
We hope that everyone will be kind enough to do what you can to help our fellowmen out of the difficulty.
Thank you.
一．高考单词→识记·思考·运用
1．核心词汇
①burst v i.爆裂；爆发n．突然破裂；爆发
②ruin n．废墟；毁灭v t.毁灭；使破产
③trap v t.使陷入困境n．陷阱；困境
④destroy v t.毁坏；破坏；消灭
⑤bury v t.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏
⑥rescue v t. & n．救援；营救
⑦damage n. & v t.损失；损害
⑧express v t.表达；表示n．快车；速递
⑨judge n．裁判员；法官v t.断定；判断；判决judgment n．判断
⑩injure v t.损害；伤害injured adj.受伤的injury n．伤害；损害
⑪frighten v t.使惊吓；吓唬frightened adj.受惊的；受恐吓的frightening adj.令人恐惧的⑫shock n．休克；震惊；打击v t. & v i.使震惊；震动shocked adj.震惊的shocking adj.令人震惊的
2．常考词汇
①congratulation n．祝贺
pl.贺词
②event n．事件；大事
③suffering n．苦难；痛苦
④disaster n．灾难；灾祸
⑤shelter n．遮蔽处；避身处；掩蔽
⑥sincerely ad v.真诚地；真挚地
⑦track n．轨道；足迹；痕迹
⑧nation n．民族；国家；国民
national adj.国家的，民族的
⑨useless adj.无用的；无效的；无益的
useful adj.有用的
⑩extreme adj.极度的
extremely ad v.极其，非常
用所给单词的适当形式填空
1．I got a rescue (rescue) call from a woman in Muttontown.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)
2．It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely (extreme) popular with the public.
(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)
3．Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national (nation) emergency.(2016·北京卷)
4．Larry told her that she should not move in case she injured (injure) her neck.
(2016·全国Ⅰ卷)
5．The art world gave me a chance to_express (express) myself without words.(2016·天津卷) 6．Even in its current state, the Internet has extended my memory and judgment (judge)．(2016·江苏卷)
7．A sudden stop can be a very frightening (frighten) experience, especially if you are travelling at high speed.(2016·浙江卷)
8．Many of the images were stored in the damaged (damage) wooden ship.
(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)
9．She encouraged a sense of munity by creating shelters (shelter) and promoting education and services for people in need.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)
10．The people trapped (trap) in high-rise buildings inspired Natalie most.(2016·北京卷)
❶“天气及自然灾害”相关单词总汇
①disaster n．灾难；不幸
②earthquake n．地震
③drought n．旱灾；干旱
④eruption n．(火山)喷发
⑤thunder n. & v．雷声；打雷
⑥lightning n．闪电
⑦shower n．阵雨
⑧thunderstorm n．雷暴
⑨tornado n．龙卷风
⑩hurricane n．飓风
⑪typhoon n．台风
⑫tsunami n．海啸
⑬haze n．雾霾
❷“破坏”家族
①damage n. & v t.损失；损害
②destroy v t.毁坏；毁掉
③ruin n. & v t.毁灭；废墟
❸“adj. ＋-ity＝n.”荟萃
①electricity电
②popularity受欢迎，流行
③reality现实
④similarity相似点
⑤security安全
⑥equality平等
⑦nationality国籍
⑧personality个性
⑨activity活动
⑩majority大多数
❹过去式、过去分词仍是动词原形的不规则动词小结
①burst破裂；爆发
②cut切，剪，割，削
③hurt伤害
④broadcast播放
⑤cost花费
⑥set放置
⑦shut关闭
⑧split撕裂
⑨spread伸展，张开
⑩upset扰乱
二．重点短语→识记·思考·运用
1．be＋过去分词/形容词＋介词
①be buried in埋头于
②be trapped in陷入
③be proud of以……而自豪
2．介词＋名词
①at an end结束；终结
②in ruins严重受损；破败不堪
3．其他形式
①dig out掘出；发现
②judging from从……判断
③right away立刻；马上
④think little/nothing of以为……没什么了不起
⑤a (great) number of许多；大量的
⑥as if仿佛；好像
用左栏所给短语的适当形式填空
1．Paul looked out the back window and saw the wolf standing over Mac’s bicycle as_if it were a kill.(2017·浙江卷)
2．They didn’t think_much_of it when they saw two cyclists repairing their bike on the side of the road.(2017·浙江卷)
3．When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in_ruins.(2016·北京)
4．Just wait a few minutes. We’ll be back right_away.
5．She was_trapped_in the burning house, which worried her parents.
“in＋n.”表状态集锦
①in battle在战斗中
②in tears流着泪，在哭着
③in debt负债，欠账
④in place在合适的位置，适当的
⑤in danger在危险中
⑥in trouble/difficulty处于困境中
⑦in sight被见到，在视线之内
⑧in order秩序井然，整齐
三．佳句选粹——在解读中学懂，在仿写中学通
背原句学句型练仿写
1.In the farmyards, the
chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.
在农家大院里，鸡甚至连猪都紧张得不想吃食。

too...to...意为“太……而
不能……”，表示否定意
义。

我们本打算旅游两天，但是太忙了，
抽不出时间。

We had intended to take a two-day
trip, but we were_too_busy_to_afford
it.
2.It seemed as if the world was as if“好像；似乎；仿这个讲故事的人以一种生动的方式
at an end!
仿佛到了世界末日！
佛”。

后常接表语从句或方式状语从句，若表示非
真实情况常用虚拟语气。

给我们讲故事，好像他亲身经历过的一样。

The storyteller was telling us a story
in a vivid way
as_if_he_had_experienced_it_himself .
3.All hope was not lost. 不是所有的希望都破灭了。

本句是部分否定。

All...not...＝Not all...“并不是所有的……都……”。

并非所有的学生都遵守学校规章制
度，因此作为一名老师，我们应严格要求他们。

All_students_don’t_obey/Not_all_stu dents_obey the school rules, so as a teacher, we should be strict with them.
burst vi.爆裂；爆发；突然闯入 n ．突然破裂；爆发
(1)burst in/into 闯入；突然破门而入 burst out 突然迸发；爆发
⎭
⎬⎫
burst out crying/laughing burst into tears/laughter 突然哭起来/笑起来
burst with anger /joy 勃然大怒/乐不可支 (2)a burst of 一阵……
①(教材原句)In the city ，the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst . 在市内，有些建筑物的水管爆裂开来。

②(2016·北京卷)It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out ，particularly when there are reasons to do so.
年轻人很可能爆发，这一点也不让人吃惊，尤其是当有这样做的理由时。

③That balloon will_burst (burst) if you blow it up any more. 你再给气球充气，它就要爆了。

injure vt.损害；伤害
(1)injured adj.受伤的
the injured 伤员
(2)injury n．伤；伤口；伤害
do sb.an injury/do an injury to sb.伤害某人
①(教材原句)Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake. 他们中有2/3在地震中伤亡。

②The victim suffered a dreadful injury (injure) and lost a lot of blood.
受害者受了重伤，大量失血。

injure/wound/hurt/harm
injure 多指意外事故造成的伤害，也可指对名誉、地位的损害。

其名词形式为injury
wound 既可以作动词，也可以作名词。

指人在战斗、攻击中受伤，身体上出现明显的伤口，多指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤
hurt 既可以作动词，也可以作名词。

多指精神上受到伤害，也可指身体上的疼痛
harm 既可以作动词，也可以作名词。

指身体或精神上的损害或对周围事物的危害。

意为“伤害，损害”。

常用短语do harm to“对……有害”
③He retired from the army because of being_wounded (wound) in a fight.Soon after，he met with an accident，where he was not injured (injure) luckily but was_hurt (hurt) to some degree.
他因在战斗中受伤退伍了。

不久他遭遇了一次车祸，幸运的是他身体没有受伤，但在一定程度上心灵受了创伤。

④单句语法填空(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)These chemicals e from the injured (injure) parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm.
bury vt.埋葬，掩埋；隐藏；使沉浸，使专心
(1)be buried in＝bury oneself in＝be absorbed in 埋头于；专心于
be buried in thought 沉思
(2)bury oneself in study 埋头研究；专心学习
bury one’s face in one’s hands 双手掩面
①(教材原句)The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the
dead .
救援部队组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，并将死者掩埋。

②Ever since he moved there ，he has_buried_himself/has_been_buried (bury) in his research work.
自从搬到那里以后，他一直在专注于研究工作。

③Buried/Burying_himself (bury) in his study ，he didn’t know that all the others had left. 他埋头学习，不知道其他人都早已离开了。

表“专心于某事”的短语常见的还有：
be devoted to ，be absorbed in ，be addicted to ，be lost in ，focus on ，concentrate on
at an end 结束；终结
(1)⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧in the end 最后，终于at the end of...在……尽头，在……末端by the end of 到……结束时，到……时候为止(常与完成时态连用)
(2)⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧bring sth.to an end (使)结束，终止
put an end to (使)结束，终止e to an end 结束make (both ) ends meet 使收支相抵，量入为出；靠微薄收入为生
(3)end up with 以……结束
end up doing something 以做某事结束； 最后处于…… end in sth 以……结束
①(教材原句)It seemed as if the world was at an end! 仿佛到了世界末日！
②At first he refused to accept any responsibility but he ended up apologizing (apologize)． 最初他拒不承认有任何责任，到头来还是道了歉。

③At_the_end_of (在……末)the meeting ，the general manager said in a loud voice ，“We’ve tried hard to solve the financial problem ，and in_the_end (终于) we’ve succeeded.So
by_the_end_of (到……结束时) next week ，the bad situation will e to_an_end (结束) and everything will be all right.”
在会议快结束时，总经理大声地说，“我们已尽力去解决财政问题，我们最终成功了。

所以到下星期末，这种不利的局面将结束并且一切将好起来”。

a (great ) number of 许多；大量的
⎭⎪
⎬⎪
⎫many
a great many a good many
a good/large number of ＋可数名词的复数＋复数谓语
⎭⎪
⎬
⎪
⎫much little
a good/great deal of a large amount of ＋不可数名词＋单数谓语
⎭⎪
⎬⎪⎫
a lot of lots of plenty of ＋可数名词的复数＋复数谓语
＋不可数名词＋单数谓语
(large) amounts of ＋名词＋复数谓语
quantities of ＋可数名词复数/不可数名词＋复数谓语 a quantity of ＋名词＋单数谓语 a mass of ＋可数名词的复数＋复数谓语 a mass of ＋不可数名词＋单数谓语 masses of ＋名词＋复数谓语 a great deal 修饰形容词比较级
①(教材原句)Such a great number of people died because the quake happened while they were sleeping.
那么多的人丧生是因为地震发生在人们睡觉的时候。

②Large numbers of dead fish along the shore of river have_appeared (appear) in these days. 近几天河边发现大量死鱼．
③Quantities of/Masses of food were (be) on the table. 饭桌上有许多饭菜。

a number of.../the number of...
a number of... 许多；大量的，后接可数名词，在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复
数形式
the number of...
……的数目，后接可数名词，在句中作主语时，谓语动词用单数
形式
④A number of teachers are (be) present today ，and the number of them is (be) 300.
许多教师今天都出席了，人数达到了300。

⎭
⎬⎫many a more than one ＋可数名词单数＋单数谓语
Thousands of families were killed and many children were_left without parents.
成千上万个家庭遇难，许许多多的孩子变成孤儿。

leave ＋宾语＋宾补。

leave 在此句式中作使役动词用，既有“剩下，留下”之意，也表示“使……处于某状态中”。

在leave 的复合结构中很多词、短语等都能充当宾语补足语。

leave 作使役动词的用法：
leave ＋宾语＋宾补⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧现在分词(doing )：表示动作正在进行过去分词：表示动作被动和完成不定式(to do/to be done )：表示将来的动作
⎭⎪⎬⎪⎫介词短语形容词副词表示状态 ①Never leave young children unattended (unattend) near any pool or water tank.
千万不能放任小孩呆在水池或水槽附近不管。

②We hurriedly ended our meeting ，leaving (leave) many problems to be settled.
我们匆匆地结束了会议，留下了很多问题等待解决。

③The terrible disease left the old man very weak (weakness)．
这场大病使得老人身体非常虚弱。

④单句语法填空(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Leave it open (open) when you’re available to talk and close it when you’re not.
All hope was_not lost.
并不是所有的希望都破灭了。

(1)英语中的all ，both ，each ，every ，everybody ，everything ，pletely ，always ，whole ，wholly ，entirely ，altogether 等具有总括意义的代词、形容词和副词与否定词not 连用，无论not 位置如何，均构成部分否定，表示“并非都”的意思。

(2)英语中的no ，none ，never ，nobody ，nothing ，neither no one ，nowhere ，no more ，no longer ，no way 等表否定意义的词(组)与肯定式谓语一起使用构成“全部否定”。

①Not both of the two math problems are (be) very difficult.
这两道数学题并非都很难。

②None of us was_allowed (allow) to go there.
我们全都不让去那里。

③Every boy is_not_interested (interest) in sports.＝Not every boy is_interested (interest) in sports.
并非所有的男孩都喜欢运动。