专题03 自然与环境(解析版)-备战2021年高考英语【爱尚阅读·话题篇】

备战2021年高考英语·爱尚阅读
专题03 自然与环境
【美文阅读】
To give or not
When a rather dirty , poorly dressed person kneels at your feet and puts out his hands to beg for a few coins , do you hurry on , not knowing what to do , or do you feel sad and hurriedly hand over some money ? What should our attitude to beggars be ? There can be no question that the world is full of terribly sad stories . It must be terrible to have no idea where our next meal is going to come from . It seems cruel not to give some money to beggars .
Certainly , most of the world’s great religions order us to be open-hearted and share what we have with those less fortunate than ourselves .But has the world changed ?Maybe what was morally right in the old days ,when one knew exactly who in the village had suffered misfortune and needed help ,is no longer the best idea. Quite a few people will not give to beggars .Let us look at their arguments.
First ,some believe that many city beggars dress up on purpose to look pitiable and actually
make a good living from begging .Giving to beggars only encourages this sort of evil.Secondly , there is the worry that the money you give will be spent on beer ,wine or drugs .Thirdly ,there is the opinion that there is no real excuse for begging. One might be poor ,bu t that is no reason for losing one’s sense of pride and self-dependence.
Related to this is the opinion that the problem should be dealt with by the government rather than ordinary people .Some people think beggars should go to the local government department and receive help.
It is hard to come to any final conclusion ; there are various cases and we must deal with them differently .A few coins can save a life in some situations , and even if the money is wasted ,that does not take way the moral goodness of the giver.
给还是不给
当一个脏兮兮、衣衫褴褛的人跪在你脚下，伸出双手乞求几枚硬币时，你是匆匆忙忙忙地不知如何是好，还是伤心地匆匆递上一些钱？我们对乞丐应该持什么态度？毫无疑问，这个世界充满了可怕的悲伤故事。

不知道下一顿饭从哪里来一定很可怕。

不给乞丐钱似乎很残忍。

当然，世界上大多数伟大的宗教都要求我们敞开心扉，与那些不如我们自己幸运的人分享我们所拥有的，
但是世界改变了吗？也许在过去，当一个人确切地知道村里谁遭受了不幸并需要帮助时，道德上正确的做法不再是最好的主意。

不少人不肯给乞丐，让我们看看他们的论点。

首先，有人认为许多城市乞丐故意打扮成可怜的样子
以乞讨为生。

给予乞丐只会鼓励这种行为邪恶。

其次有人担心你给的钱会花在啤酒、酒或毒品上。

第三，有人认为乞讨没有真正的借口。

一个人可能很穷，但这并不是丧失自豪感和自立感的理由。

与此相关的是，这个问题应该由政府而不是普通人来解决，一些人认为乞丐应该去当地政府部门接受帮助。

很难得出最后的结论，有各种各样的情况，我们必须区别对待。

在某些情况下，几枚硬币可以拯救一条命，即使浪费了金钱，也不能取代给予者的道德良善。

注解：
1. religion [riˈlidʒən] n.宗教，宗教信仰
2. morally ['mɔ:rəli] adv. 道德上地，道义上地
3. misfortune [misˈfɔ:tʃən] n.不幸，厄运，逆境；不幸事故，灾难
4. pitiable [ˈpitiəbl] a.引人怜悯的，可怜的
5. evil [ˈi:vəl] a.邪恶的，坏的n.邪恶，罪恶，祸害
语法点拨：
When a rather dirty , poorly dressed person kneels at your feet and puts out his hands to beg for a few coins , do you hurry on , not knowing what to do , or do you feel sad and hurriedly hand over some money ?
分析：句中poorly dressed 为过去分词作定语，修饰person，相当于a person who is poorly dressed. not knowing what to do 为现在分词否定式作伴随状语。

体会下列现在分词作状语的用法：
1)"Can't you read?" Mary said angrily，pointing to the notice.（伴随）
“难道你不识字吗？”玛丽指着通知愤怒地说。

2)Having read the letter, she got very excited.（原因）
读过信后，她变得很兴奋。

3)Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her.(原因)
不知道她的地址，我们无法与她取得联系。

4)His parents were killed in the accident, leaving him an orphan.（结果）
他的父母在事故中遇难，他成了孤儿。

5)When crossing the road, please be careful.（时间）
过马路时千万小心。

6)Working hard, you’ll get a good achievement.（条件）
努力学习你就能取得好成绩。

7)Working so hard, he failed again.（让步）
尽管他如此努力还是失败了
【话题阅读】
导读：中国濒临灭绝的大熊猫如今因气候变化而陷入失去它们的主食的危险之中。

赶快行动起来保护他们吧！
Pandas face bamboo shortage threat
①Already threatened by a slow breeding rate and rapid habitat loss, China's endangered giant pandas now also risk losing their main food, bamboo, to climate change, claim scientists.
A study in China's northwestern Qinling Mountains, home to around 270 pandas—about a fifth of the world's wild population—predicts a big bamboo decline this century as the globe warms.
"The pandas may face a shortage of food unless they can find alternative food resources; the giant panda is a picky eater."
Ninety-nine per cent of its diet ②consists of bamboo—being destroyed ③up to 38 kilograms per day. Bamboo itself also has a slow reproductive rate, flowering only every 30 to 35 years, which means it would be slow to adapt to a change in local climate.
Based on the data gathered for this study, researchers predict that three bamboo species which ④make up almost the entire diet of the Qinling pandas will all but disappear in a warmer climate.
"Results suggest that almost the entire panda habitat in the region may disappear because of climate change ⑤by the end of the 21st century," the study's authors write.
Already, deforestation is threatening the survival of about half of all bamboo species worldwide.
The researchers say bamboo distribution has historically changed ⑥in response to changes in the climate. In the modern era, though, even if other areas were to become climatically more suited for bamboo growth, these would be ⑦far away.
The findings should be used for planning ahead to protect areas that have a better climatic chance of providing enough food sources or begin creating natural bridges to allow pandas an escape from bamboo famine.
大熊猫面临着食物短缺的威胁
科学家们声称，由于一直以来受到低繁殖率和栖息地快速流失的威胁，中国濒临灭绝的大熊猫如今又因气候变化而陷入失去它们的主食——竹子的危险之中。

大约270只大熊猫栖息于中国西北部的秦岭山脉地区，这占世界野生大熊猫总数的五分之一。

据这一地区的调查研究推测，随着全球变暖本世纪竹子的产量将平稳下滑。

“除非大熊猫能够找到另外一种食物资源来代替竹子，否则它们将很可能面临食物短缺的困境。

大熊猫可是个挑剔的食客。

”
大熊猫的食物中99%都是竹子，它们平均每天吃掉的竹子达到38千克。

竹子本身再生率低，每30年至35年为一个生长周期，这也就意味着竹子适应当地气候变化的过程很慢。

根据这个调查得出的数据，调查者预测随着气候越来越暖，三种竹子将濒临灭绝。

而这三种竹子正是几乎秦岭地区的大熊猫的全部食物源。

调查研究的发起者们写道：调查结果表明到21世纪末秦岭地区基本上所有大熊猫的栖息地将很可能消失。

滥伐森林正在在并且已经威胁着世界上将近一半种类的竹子的生存。

调查者说到自古以来竹子的分布状况都随着气候的变化而波动。

不过在现代，即使其他地区从气候因素上来讲更适合竹子的生长，但是这些地区与目前大熊猫保护区相隔太远，没有重合区。

这些调查结果应该用于主动保护计划中，保护那些有更好的气候条件提供充足的食物资源的地区，或者为大熊猫搭建起快速摆脱饥荒的自然通道。

重点单词:
1. breeding ['briːdɪŋ]n. 繁殖，饲养
2. picky ['pɪkɪ]adj.挑剔的；吹毛求疵的
3. deforestation [,di,fɔrɪ'steʃən] n.采伐森林；森林开伐
4. famine ['fæmɪn] n.饥荒；饥饿，奇缺
重点短语/ 亮点句式：
1. Already threatened by a slow breeding rate and rapid habitat loss, China's endangered giant pandas now also risk losing their main food, bamboo, to climate change, claim scientists.
科学家们声称，由于一直以来受到低繁殖率和栖息地快速流失的威胁，中国濒临灭绝的大熊猫如今又因气候变化而陷入失去它们的主食——竹子的危险之中。

threatened by a slow breeding rate and rapid habitat loss为过去分词短语作原因状语。

bamboo作their main food 的同位语。

如：
Inspired by what he said, we are determined to study harder.
在他的话的鼓舞下，我们决心更加努力学习。

Tom, my uncle, will come here tomorrow.
我的叔叔——汤姆明天来这里。

2. consists of 包含，包括。

如：
The course consists of ten core modules and five optional modules.
这门课程包括十个必修单元和五个选修单元。

3. up to多达；该由……决定；胜任；直到。

如：
The hotel can accommodate up to 500 guests.
这家旅馆可供500位旅客住宿。

Her clothes are always right up to the minute.
她的衣服总是式样最新的。

It's up to you to decide whether to go or to stay.
是去是留该由你决定。

He is not up to this work.
他不胜任这项工作。

4. make up 弥补；和解；编造；整理；化妆；拼凑成。

如：
I tried to make up for my loss.我力图补偿我的损失。

Let's make up.让我们言归于好吧。

The boy made up a story, it is not true.
这个故事不是真的,是那个男孩编造出来的。

Leave this notice hanging on your door, asking the servant to make up your room. 留张便条挂在你房门上, 请服务员把你的房间整理一下。

I don't like to see women making up in public.
我不喜欢看见女人在公开场合化妆打扮。

Farm workers make up only a small section of the population.
农民只占人口的一小部分。

5.by the end of 到……为止。

如：
All reports must be sent in by the end of this week.
所有的报告必须在本星期以前交齐。

6.in response to 回应。

如：
In response to their hospitality, we wrote a thank-you note.
为回报他们的热情，我们写了一封感谢信。

7.far away 遥远。

如：
We can talk to those who live far away by telephone.
我们可以用电话和住在远处的人说话。

名句背诵：
A man can fail many times, but he isn't a failure until he begins to blame somebody else. (J. Burroughs)
一个人可以失败很多次，但是只要他没有开始责怪旁人，他还不是一个失败者。

(巴勒斯)
【话题解读】
“自然与环境”是高中新课程标准话题之一，亦是高考英语常考话题。

本话题包括动植物保护、生态保护、环境污染和保护等方面。

这些话题与学生的生活息息相关，联系密切。

通过对这些话题的学习以及高考英语对这些话题的考查，可以让学生多注意身边的人和事、关注社会环境、树立环保意识、学会与大自然和谐相处。

是高考英语热点话题，通常以阅读理解、完形填空和书面表达的形式考查。

【关键词汇、短语、句式】
1.全球的关注global concern
2.越来越糟get worse and worse/ get from bad to worse/ get more and more serious
3.环境的破坏the destruction of our environment
4.改善环境刻不容缓It’s high time that we did sth to improve the environment
5.提高..的意识raise awareness that /of sth
6.承担保护环境的责任 bear the responsibility to protect our environment
7.呼吁某人做某事call on / call for/ appeal to sb to do sth
8.时间不等人the clock is ticking
9.努力做某事make all efforts/ endeavor /make one’s utmost effort / go all out/try all means to do sth
10.采取行动/措施去take action /take measures to do
11.改善目前的状况improve the present situation
12.关注pay attention to doing/show concern for sth
13.伤害/损害.. cause harm/damage to
14.不惜任何代价at all cost
15.只要so/as long as
16.承担做某事的责任take the responsibility of doing sth
17.以牺牲..作为代价at the cost/ expense of our environment
18.保护环境Protect the environment
19.环境污染Environmental pollution
20.释放有毒气体Give off/release poisonous gas
21.受到严重污染Be seriously polluted
22.对…有害Do harm to / be harmful to
23.(不)注意环保Pay (no) attention to
24.灭绝die out
25.多植树Plant more trees
26.把垃圾分类Sort the rubbish
27.回收垃圾Recycle the rubbish
28.受益良多Benefit a lot
29.保持生态平衡Keep the balance of nature
30.防止人们污染河流Prevent people from polluting the rivers
31.为了提高生活质量，环境保护变得越来越重要
In order to improve the quality of our life, it becomes more and more important to…32.随着科技的进步，环境污染越来越严重
With the development of science and technology, more and more pollution is produced 33. 我们应该立刻采取措施与污染作斗争
We should take immediate action / steps to fight against…
34.唯有这种方式我们才能享受新鲜空气，活得健康
Only in this way can we enjoy fresh air and live a healthy life.
【写作必备句型】
1.To cherish the enviroment is to love ourselves.
爱护环境就是爱护我们自己
2.I make an urgent appeal that measures should be taken to cope with the situation
我急切呼吁应该采取措施改变现状
3.We are sure that we''ll win the battle.
我们坚信我们能赢得战斗
4. Keep our mountains green,the wate clean,and the sky blue.
使我们山更绿，水更清，天更蓝
5.Our earth's days are numbered without urgent help.
没有及时的帮助我们的地球就屈指可数了.
6.（Sth.）are bound to generate severe consequences if we keep turning a blink eye to them.
如果我们继续睁一只眼闭一只眼的话，......一定会有恶劣的后果
7.近来环保已经引起了全球的关注。

Environmental protection has caused global concern recently.
8.我们应该马上采取措施来保护我们的环境免受污染。

It’s high time we took immediate measures to protect our earth from being polluted.
9.每个人都应该提高保护地球的意识。

Ever ybody should raise the awareness that it’s our duty to protect our mother earth.
10.你不难发现每个人都在伤害地球，然而他们可能自己都没有意识到这一点。

You cannot difficultly see that everybody actually is causing damage to the mother earth, which , however, they may not be realizing.
I．阅读理解
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A
The insects are important to farmers. When a honeybee lands on a flower in plant, pollen (花粉) sticks to its legs. When the bee lands on another flower, some of the pollen falls off and fertilizes the second plant.
The act of spreading pollen is responsible for many fruits, vegetables, nuts and other crops. Yet about 30 percent of honeybees in the United States and other areas have died in recent years.
Mike Leggett is a researcher at the University of Maryland. He w ants to learn why so many bees are dying. “The number of colonies (蜂群) that die every winter has been one in three. So on average 30 percent of the colonies have died every winter over the last six winters. And that’s a huge number.” His research team exam ined the pollen that honeybees carried to their homes. They found that the pollen contained high levels of 35 different pesticides (杀虫剂), which are chemicals used to protect plants. “Pesticides are used, and have been used, pretty widely, for centuries, to protect plants from diseases,” says Mr Leggett.
Keith Oh linger, a farmer and beekeeper in Maryland, has watched many of his bees die every winter. Mr Ohlinger thinks widespread bee death is caused by several things happening at once. But he does not feel sure that pesticides are a part of the problem, “I felt it was the result of a lot of little things. I didn’t feel that there was proba bly one smoking gun. But there’s a division (分歧) there, some people feel that it is just one thing.”
Honeybees are important to agriculture. This makes the search for an answer to their death very important for Mr Leggett’s team. As he knows, one in every three bites of food we eat is somehow pollinated by honeybees.
1.What could be a suitable title for the text?
A.Why Are Honeybees Important?
B.How Do Honeybees Make Honey?
C.Pesticides Might Harm Honeybees
D.Honeybee Protection in Maryland
2.How does Mr Leggett sound in paragraph 3?
A.Worried.
B.Happy.
C.Surprised.
D.Hopeful.
3.We know from the fifth paragraph that Keith Ohlinger ________.
A.has become rich by keeping bees
B.cares little about the death of his bees
C.has never used pesticides on his farm
D.doubts whether pesticides have killed his bees
4.In which part of a website can we most probably read the text?
A.Agriculture.
B.Health.
C.Food.
D.Technology.
B
Be careful what you say around your dog. It might understand more than you think.
A border collie named Lucky recognizes the names of about 200 objects, say researchers in Germany. The dog also appears to be able to learn new words as easily as a 3-year-old child. Its word-learning skills are as good as those of a parrot or chimpanzee(黑猩猩).
In one experiment, the researchers took all 200 items that Lucky is supposed to know and divided them into 20 groups of 10 objects. Then the owner told the dog to go and fetch one of the items and bring it back. In four tests, Lucky got 37 out of 40 commands right. As the dog couldn’t see anyone to get clues, the scientists believe Lucky
must understand the meanings of certain words.
In another experiment, the scientists took one toy that Lucky had never seen before and put it in a room with seven toys whose names the dog already knew. The owner then told Lucky to fetch the object, using a word the dog had never heard before.
The correct object was chosen in seven out of l0 tests, suggesting that the dog had worked out the answer by process of elimination(排除法). A month later, Lucky remembered half of the new names,which is even more impressive.
Lucky is thought to be smarter than the average dog. For one thing, Lucky is a border collie, a breed(品种)known for its mental abilities. In addition, the 9-year-old dog has been trained to fetch toys by their names since the age of nine months.
It’s hard to know if all dogs understand at least some of the words we say. Even if they do, they can’t talk back. Still, it wouldn’t hurt to sweet-talk your dog every now and then. You might just get a big, wet kiss in return!
5.From paragraph 2, we can infer that_________.
A.chimpanzees have very good word-learning skills
B.dogs are smarter than parrots and chimpanzees
C.animals are as clever as human beings
D.dogs have similar learning abilities as 3-year-old children
6.The two experiments show that_________.
A.Lucky is smart enough to get all commands right
B.Lucky can recognize different things including toys
C.Lucky has developed the ability of learning mathematics
D.Lucky won’t forget the names of objects once recognizing them
7.What does the author want to tell us?
A.To train your dog.
B.To talk to your dog.
C.To be careful with your dog.
D.To be friendly to your dog.
C
WE COMBAT ANIMAL DISEASES TOGETHER!
We want to prevent serious animal diseases such as foot and mouth disease, classical swine fever and African swine fever from spreading to Finland. These and other animal diseases can be transmitted from one country to another by animals or by meat and dairy products even if they are packed for personal consumption or intended as
gifts. Travelers like you play an important role in preventing the spread of animal diseases.
Don’t bring meat, meat products, milk and dairy products from non-EU countries to Finland!
A ban on personal imports applies to meat and dairy products brought into Finland by travelers or ordered and sent through the post. The ban applies to food stuffs intended for personal consumption or as gifts and to pet food. If you have food products of animal origin with you, throw them in a waste container in the point of entry or contact Customs!
Bringing meat-containing products as presents and for personal use from an EU country to Finland
At the moment, there are EU countries with cases of African swine fever. In those countries there are restriction areas and, as a rule, pork and wild bear meat or products containing these meats may not be imported from these areas into Finland. Import is allowed only under very strict criteria controlled by local authorities. However, the sales of these meat products within the country may be allowed. In the EU, the disease has been detected in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Belgium and Italy (Sardinia), for instance. It is difficult for travelers to know and prove from which area meat products originate and whether the products on sale meet all criteria. This is the reason why we recommend that people avoid importing any meat products containing pork or wild bear meat as presents or for personal use from countries with African swine fever.
PLEASE NOTE! Never leave any food waste or leftover in the environment or places where they may be eaten by wildlife. Never give food waste or leftover to production animals or to pet pigs.
Thank you for helping us to prevent the spread of animal diseases. We wish you a pleasant journey!
8.Whom is this notice intended for?
A.Food importers in Finland.
B.Travelers to Finland.
C.Citizens in EU countries.
D.Medical staff from non-EU countries.
9.Why does the Finnish Food Authority issue the notice?
A.To protect endangered wildlife.
B.To secure the domestic economy.
C.To promote vegetarian lifestyle.
D.To prevent the infectious diseases.
10.Which of the following behaviors is IMPROPER, according to the notice?
A.A Russian official threw a beef burger in a dustbin at the Finnish airport.
B.A Finnish girl fed milk to pigeon at the park in her neighborhood.
C.A Japanese traveler bought some Hungarian homemade sausages in Finland.
D.A German brought German cheeses to his Finnish girlfriend as a gift.
D
New research has found that grey seals can simulate(模仿) human speech and songs. The study carried out by Dr Amanda Stansbury and Professor Vincent Janik,at the University of St Andrews,found that grey seals use the same sound production system as humans due to having similar vocal tracts(声道).
Three young grey seals—Zola,Gandalf and Janice—were monitored from birth by Stansbury and Janik to determine their natural talents.Once this process was complete,the researchers began teaching the seals to simulate common seal sounds or noises a seal might normally hear from a herd mate in the wild. Fish was used to encourage the seals to come out of the water and sing a series of notes.Stansbury would record the seals’own sounds and play them back. The seals quickly learnt that if they sang back the same notes, they would be rewarded with fish.
Once the seals were familiar with this process and could easily copy these basic sounds,Stansbury and Janik used higher and longer tones(音调)and unfamiliar vowels(元音)from human speech.The seals were then rewarded for matching these new sounds.Stansbury even used some combinations to simulate songs that no seal would be expected
to produce under natural circumstances. Zola had a gift for copying up to ten notes of songs such as Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star and the theme song of Star Wars. Gandalf and Janice were better at accurately reproducing combinations of human vowel sounds.
Stansbury said,“I was amazed how well the seals copied the model sounds we played to them.Copies were not perfect,but given that these are not typical seal sounds,it is pretty impressive.Our study really shows how flexible seal voices are.”
After one year of working with the researchers,the seal pups were released back into the wild. “This study gives us a better understanding of the development of vocal learning,a skill that is important for human language development.”Janik believes this knowledge can help to develop new methods to study speech problems.
11.What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A.A research finding on grey seals.
B.Grey seals’learning environments.
C.Humans’sound production system.
D.A comparison of humans and grey seals.
12.In the study,fish would be given when the seals .
A.made funny noises
B.came out of the water
C.repeated the same notes
D.copied typical fish sounds
13.What can we find about Zola based on the research?
A.It can copy some musical sounds played to her.
B.It is good at copying human vowel sounds.
C.It is smarter than Gandalf and Janice.
D.It likes singing children’s songs.
14.What does Janik think of the research result?
A.It shows the living environments of grey seals.
B.It leads to a better understanding of human evolution.
C.It raises an awareness of the need to protect grey seals.
D.It inspires new methods for research on speech problems.
A
【答案】CADA
【解析】这是一篇说明文。

本文主要讲了近年来很多地区有近百分之三十的蜜蜂死亡，而对于它们的死因，有研究表明是由农药造成的，有人认为农药不是死亡因素之一。

1.主旨大意题。

本文主要讲了近年来很多地区有近百分之三十的蜜蜂死亡，而对于它们的死因，有研究表明是由农药造成的，有人认为农药不是死亡因素之一。

所以短文的最佳标题为“杀虫剂可能会伤害蜜蜂”。

故C 选项正确。

2.推理判断题。

由第三段中Leggett说的话“The number of colonies (蜂群) that die every winter has been one in three. So on average 30 percent of the coloni es have died every winter over the last six winters. And that’s a huge number.”可知，Leggett认为每年百分之30的蜂群死亡是一个巨大的数字，由此判断出他对于蜜蜂的死亡数字是很担心的。

故A选项正确。

3.推理判断题。

由文中第四段的Mr Ohlinger thinks widespread bee death is caused by several things happening at once. But he does not feel sure that pesticides are a part of the problem, 可知Ohlinger先生认为蜜蜂大面积死亡是由几件事同时发生造成的。

但他不确定农药是不是导致原因的一部分。

由此判断出从第五段我们可以知道，Keith Ohlinger怀疑杀虫剂是否杀死了他的蜜蜂。

D选项正确。

4.推理判断题。

文中最后一段讲到Honeybees are important to agriculture.，也就是说蜜蜂对于农作物很有用，所以研究蜜蜂的死亡很有必要，所以这篇文章可能来自农业部分，故A选项正确。

B
【答案】ABD
【解析】这是一篇说明文。

文章主要讲述了一些科学家们的有趣的最新发现：小狗能够理解人们的意思，并有作出相应判断的能力。

5.细节理解题。

根据文章第二段末尾句内容“Its word-learning skills are as good as those of a parrot or chimpanzee.”可知，这里将这只狗的词汇学习能力与鹦鹉，黑猩猩相比较，提及它的词汇学习技能和鹦鹉或黑猩猩一样好。

由此可知，黑猩猩有很好的词汇学习能力。

故选A项。

6.推理判断题。

根据文章第三段内容“As the dog couldn’t see anyone to get clues, the scientists believe lucky must understand the meanings of certain words.(由于狗看不到任何人来获取线索，科学家们认为Lucky一定理解某些单词的意思。

)”和文章第五段内容“The correct object was chosen in seven out of l0 tests, suggesting that the dog had worked out the answer by process of elimination.(在10次测试中，有7次选择了正确的对象，这表明狗通过排除法找到了答案)”可知，第一个实验表明Lucky能够理解某些单词含义才能在执行指令方面很成功；第二个实验则证明了Lucky在已认知的基础上利用排除法识别未认识的物体。

因此可推知这两个实验表明Lucky能够识别不同的东西，包括玩具在内。

故选B项。

7.推理判断题。

文章末尾段落内容提出了作者的目的意图“Still, it wouldn’t hu rt to sweet-talk your dog every now and then. You might just get a big, wet kiss in return! (不过，偶尔对你的狗说些甜言蜜语也无伤大雅。

你可能会得到一个大大的湿吻作为回报!)”呼应话题，呼吁对自己的狗要友好，狗会给与回报。

选项D“To be friendly to your dog.(对你的狗友好。

)”符合文意，表达了作者的心声。

故选D项。

C
【答案】BDB
【解析】这是一篇应用文，本文是芬兰食品管理局发出的一封共同抵御动物疾病，特别是非洲猪瘟的通知（具有强制性质），信中对相应的法规进行了普法宣传，并对人们进行了建议和指引。

8.推理判断题。

本题要求判断文章所面向的读者群体，这是一篇由政府官方管理机构发出的通知，综合全文，特别是第一段末尾部分“…even if they are packed for personal consumption or intended as gifts. Travelers like you play an important role in preventing the spread of animal diseases.”提到，即使你是私人肉制品消费或是把相关动物产品买来当礼物，也有传播动物疾病的风险，像你这样的（普通）旅行者在防控动物疾病传播中扮演了十分重要的角色，所以这篇文章是写给来芬兰旅游的人（travelers）看的，故选B。

9.推理判断题。

题目要求判断本文的写作目的、意图，这是一份官方通知，直接根据其题目“WE COMBAT ANIMAL DISEASES TOGETHER!”（我们携手与动物疾病战斗！），并结合全文内容可知，题目中的“动物疾病”具体指的是“动物传染性疾病，如非洲猪瘟”，文章写作目的在于防止动物传染性疾病的传播，故选D。

10.推理判断题。

本题要求判断选项中的行为哪一项是错误的，根据原文倒数第二段“PLEASE NOTE! Never leave any food waste or leftover in the environment or places where they may be eaten by wildlife. Never give food
waste or leftover to production animals or to pet pigs.”可知，要特别注意不要留任何食物垃圾或残渣在可能被野生动物发现并食用的环境中，也禁止用这些食物去投喂动物或者宠物猪，根据这条规定，B选项中“一个芬兰女孩用牛奶喂食附近的鸽子”显然不合法，故选B。

D
【答案】ACAD
【解析】这是一篇说明文。

科学家对灰海豹的研究发现，海豹可以模拟人类语言和歌曲。

最后提到这个研究的结果对现实意义的指导作用。

11.主旨大意题。

根据第一段New research has found that grey seals can simulate(模仿) human speech and songs. The study carried out by Dr Amanda Stansbury and Professor Vincent Janik, at the University of St Andrews, found that grey seals use the same sound production system as humans due to having similar vocal tracts(声道).可知一项新的研究发现，灰海豹可以模仿人类说话和唱歌。

圣安德鲁斯大学的Amanda Stansbury博士和Vincent Janik 教授进行了这项研究，他们发现灰海豹和人类有同样的发声系统，因为它们有相似的声道。

由此可知，第一段的主要内容是科学家对灰海豹的研究新发现。

故选A。

12.细节理解题。

根据第二段中Fish was used to encourage the seals to come out of the water and sing a series of notes. Stansbury would record the seals ‘own s ounds and play them back. The seals quickly learnt that if they sang back the same notes, they would be rewarded with fish. 可知鱼被用来鼓励海豹从水里出来并唱一系列的音符。

Stansbury会录下海豹的声音然后播放回来。

海豹很快就学会了。

如果它们唱回同样的音符，就会得到鱼的奖赏。

由此可知，在这项研究中，当海豹重复同样的音符时，会喂它们鱼。

故选C 。

13.细节理解题。

根据第三段中Zola had a gift for copying up to ten notes of songs such as Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star and the theme song of Star Wars.可知Zola有可以模仿多达十个音符的歌曲的天赋。

如Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star和Star Wars 的主题曲。

由此可知，Zola能很好地模仿播放给它们听的声音。

故选A。

14.细节理解题。

根据最后一段中“This study gives us a better understanding of the development of vocal learning,a skill that is important for human language development.”Janik believes this knowledge can help to develop new methods to study speech problems.可知“这项研究让我们更好地了解了声乐学习的发展，这是一项对人类语言发展非常重要的技能。

”Janik相信这些知识可以帮助开发研究语言问题的新方法。

由此可知，Janik 认为研究结果为语言问题的研究带来了新的方法。

故选D。