2023年中考英语冲刺语法专题突破—介词

2023年中考冲刺语法专题突破——介词
❖命题点1 时间介词辨析
1、表示时间“在……时”，at/ in/ on区别：
▲ at：接具体几点钟、黎明，中午、午夜、日出、日落等。

at dawn 在黎明at daybreak/ sunrise/ sunset 在黎明/ 日出/ 日落
at noon/ night / midnight 在中午/ 晚上/ 午夜
at that time 在那时at the moment 在此刻at the weekend 在周末▲ in：接世纪、年份、月份、季节；泛指的上下午、晚上等。

in the 21st century 在21世纪in 2023 在2023年
in spring/ summer/ autumn/ winter 在春天/ 夏天/ 秋天/ 冬天
in the daytime/ morning/ afternoon/ evening 在白天/ 早上/ 下午/ 晚上
in three days 三天后（in + 时间段——将来时）
▲on：接特定的上下午晚上（与in区分！）；星期几、几月几号或节日前。

on Monday/ Tuesday 在周一/ 周二on June 1st,2019 在2019年6月1日
on a warm spring morning 在春天一个暖和的早晨on weekdays 在工作日
on the morning of March 21st在三月21日的早上
注意：在this, last, next, every等词前面不能再加介词，如：
this afternoon今天下午last Friday上周五next Sunday下周日every Monday每周一【即时训练】用in / on / at 填空
1.I'll be at home ___________ Sunday morning.You can phone me then.
2.We usually have the first class ____________ 8：00 a．m.
3.This discovery1is said to be the most amazing one _____________the 21st century.
4.It is strange2that they often go for a walk ___________midnight.
5.I seldom drive to company3_________weekdays.
6.My younger brother was playing the piano ________ that time.
7.I'm going out. I'll be back __________ an hour.
8.He always does a part-time job __________the daytime.
9.They went hiking4___________ a sunny spring morning.
❖命题点2 其他常考时间介词辨析
1discovery : n. 发现
2strange : adj. 奇怪的
3company : n. 公司；陪伴
4hiking : n. 远足
▲表示“在一段时间之后”时，in & after的区别
①in +时间段：用于将来时：
My brother will be back from Rome in a few days. 我哥哥几天后从罗马回来。

②after+时间段：用于过去时：
We finished the work after two days. 我们两天后完成了工作。

▲表示“延续性的一段时间”时，for与since的区别（常用于完成时）
for+时间段：We have lived in Shenzhen for ten years. 我们已经在深圳住了十年。

since+时间点：She has become a lawyer since 2020. 她自2020年开始就是个律师。

▲during+时间段：表示“在……期间”，如：
during the war 在战争期间during the epidemic 在疫情期间▲by+时间点，表示“到……为止”，（常用于完成时）如：
It will be cool by tomorrow morning. 到明天早上就会变凉快。

We had learned 1, 500 words by last month. 到上个月为止，我们已学了1500个词。

▲till/until+时间点，表示“直到……”/“直到……才”，具体用法：
①在否定句中：“not...until...”表示“直到...才”，谓语动词用短暂性动词，如：
She doesn’t fall asleep until 11 o’clock. 她直到11点才睡着。

②在肯定句中：表示“直到……为止”为止，谓语动词用延续性动词，如：
You must wait until 11 o’clock. 你必须等到11点钟为止。

【即时训练】用in / on / at / during / until / by / for / since / after 填空
1.He left home and went to the north _____________ two days.
2.My father will be back from abroad __________ three months.
3.People all wear masks5______________the epidemic6.
4.Ella was so energetic7hat she did not fall asleep_____________midnight.
5.It will be cool _______________tomorrow morning. So you’d better take your coat.
6.Look! Mr. Lin has been waiting _____________ ten hours.
7.COVID-19(新冠) has spread8to the world_______________2019.
8.We had memorized91, 500 words _____________the end of last term10.
5mask: n. 口罩
6epidemic: n. 疫情
7energetic: adj. 充满活力的(energy: n. 能量)
8spread: v./n. 蔓延
9memorize：v. 记住(memory: n. 记忆力)
10term: n. 学期；术语
❖命题点3 地点、方位介词辨析
1、表示“在……（地方）”时，at与in的区别：
▲ at + 小地点（如：家、车站、门口等），如：at home在家/at the station在车站
▲ in + 大地点（如：国家、城市、乡村等），如：
in China在中国in the world在世界上in the village 在村庄
2、表示两地位置相对时，at/ in/ on的区别：
(1)in: 表在范围之内：Guangdong lies in the southeast of China. 广东在中国东南部。

(2)on: 表两地接壤（贴贴）：Guangxi lies on the west of Guangdong. 广西在广东的西部。

(3)to : 表在范围之外，且不接壤：Japan lies to the east of China. 日本在中国的东边。

3、over, under, on, beneath, below, above (表“上下关系”)
介词含义与用法例句
over“在...正上方”，两者不接触We can build a bridge over the river.
我们可以在河上建一座桥。

under“在...正下方”，两者不接触My cat is lying under the chair.
我的猫猫躺在椅子下。

on“在...上方”，指与物体表面接触Jim’s glasses are on his desk.
Jim的眼镜在书桌上。

beneath“在...下方”，指与物体表面接触Beneath the blanket is a rabbit.
在毯子下面有一只兔子。

below“在...下方”，两者不接触，不一定垂直The temperature is below zero.
温度在零度以下。

above“在...上方”，两者不接触，不一定垂直The plane is flying above the forest.
飞机在森林上空飞行。

4、near, beside, next to, behind
介词用法例句
near在……附近My home is near the school.
beside在……旁边Come and sit beside me so we can talk.
next to紧靠着...紧挨着...The supermarket is next to the post office. behind在……后面Li Lei is standing behind me.
5、表示运动方向或目的的介词：through; across; along; over; to; towards; for
▲“穿过”：through表示空间上“穿过”；across表示“穿过”物体表面或横过
▲over在物体的上方“超过”
▲along表示“沿着”，如：walk along the street 沿着这条街一直走
▲to表示动作的目的地；towards指“朝向”，无到达的意思，for表示前往目的地，连用的动词
有leave for 出发去, set out for 动身去……, head for 去…, sail for 船开向……等
6、between & among ：都表示“在……之间”
①between:用于在两者之间，固定搭配为“between...and...”
②among:用于（三者以上）之间，如：
There are some talents among these girls. 在这些女孩中，有一些天才。

7、in front of （在外部的前面）& in the front of （在内部的前面）
【即时训练】用across / over / behind / on / in / to / under / beneath / above / along / beside / next to / through / between / among / in front of / in the front of填空
1.Don’t say anything bad about others ___________their back. It’s impolite11.
2.Look! The picture ____________the wall is amazing!
3.The airplane is flying ______________ the forest.
4.There are some children standing ____________ the tree.
5.Trade12_________________the two countries has increased13.
6.You mustn’t go ____________ the road when the traffic light is red.
7.Walk ___________the street and turn left at the first crossroad14.
8.A thief climbed _______________the window and stole15my money.
9.I went to the cinema to watch the latest16movie with Lily. And she sat ___________me so we could hold hands while enjoying the movie.
10.The canal17was built________________1793 and 1797.
11._____________all the sports stars, he is the most outstanding(出色的) one.
12.Our head teacher is standing _________________(in front of / in the front of) the classroom.
❖命题点4 方式介词辨析
介词用法例句
by by + 交通工具He often goes to school by bike.
by+V-ing形式，表示“通过...方He learns English by listening to the radio.
11impolite : adj. 不礼貌的(polite: 礼貌的)
12trade: n. 贸易
13increase: v. 增加
14crossroad: n. 路口
15stole: v. 偷(steal 的过去式)
16latest: adj. 最新的
17canal: n. 运河
式”他通过听收音机来学英语。

in in+语言/ 语调/ 颜色Please say it in Chinese. 请用中文说。

Don’t speak in a loud voice. 请勿大声喧哗。

in...way表示“用……方式”in this way 用这种方式
in different ways 用不同方式
on在网络/ 收音机/ 电视/ 电话He listens to music on the radio.
with表示“用”某种工具或身体的
某一部位或器官，伴随Rub the window with a piece of cloth.用一块布擦窗户。

without表示“没有”Without your help, I couldn’t finish the task.【即时训练】用in / on / by / with / without 填空
1.It’s not safe18to make friends ___________ the Internet.
2.Please introduce19yourselves ____________ English.
3.We’d better handle20this problem ____________ a peaceful21way.
4.We Chinese often have meals ___________ chopsticks22.
5.Monica intends to23improve24her English _____________ watching English movies.
6.It’s more convenient25for you to get there __________plane.
7.Human beings cannot live _____________air and water.
❖命题点5 其他介词辨析
介词含义及用法例句
about“关于”Could you tell me about your life？你能说说你的生活吗？
“大约”The number of the class is about 50. 学生大约50个。

for给..., 对...而言, 为了...Let me do it for you. 让我为你做这件事。

from来自...；从……；以...起始be from = come from 来自
18safe: adj. 安全的(safety: n. 安全)
19introduce: v. 介绍(introduction: n. 介绍)
20handle: v. 处理(== deal with 解决== tackle 解决)
21peaceful: adj. 和平的(peace: n. 和平)
22chopsticks: n. 筷子
23intend to : 计划做……(== want to / plan to do... 计划做)
24improve: v. 提高
25convenient: adj. 方便的(convenience: n. 便利)
of属于...的，表示“...的数量或
种类”It was beginning of the new term. 这是新学期的开始。

like“像...一样”，其实不是事实He looks like a superstar. 他像一个超级巨星。

as“作为...,以...身份”，表事实Let me speak to you as a friend. 让我以朋友身份和你说beyond超出，在...较远的那一边This exercise was beyond the abilities of most of the
students. 这份练习远远超过了绝大多数学生的能力。

except“除了……”She punished everyone except me. 她罚了所有人，除了我。

against表示“对抗”Our team played against yours and we won.
我们队和你们打比赛，然后我们赢了。

表示“反对”I am against her opinions.我不同意她的观点。

表示“违背”His behavior goes against our agreement.
他的行为违背了我们的约定。

by表示“在……边上”He lives by the river. 他住在河边。

around表示“周围”、“大约”They walked around the lake. 他们绕着这条河走。

【即时训练】用except / beyond / for / to / as / of / from / behind / against / by / like / around填空
1.We all have a part to play in the fight _____________crime26.
2.—Louise, you are the only one who got full point in the final exam!
—Really? It is ____________my expectation27.
3.___________ a student, you should focus on28your study.
4.Betty, the girl who is wearing a dress, is a friend___________ mine.
5.The little girl is dancing __________ a princess.
6.I can’t see Lucy because she is ______________the tree.
7.Some students work __________ waiters after graduation29.
8.Dear mom, happy birthday! This blueberry cake is ___________you.
9.—Are they French? —No, most of the staff30are _________Germany.
10.Eating too much junk food is bad ___________your health.
11.I like all the subjects, __________physics.
26crime: n. 犯罪(criminal: n. 罪犯)
27expectation: n. 预料，预期(expect: v. 期望)
28focus on : 集中注意力于……(== concentrate on...)
29graduation: n. 毕业(graduate: v. 毕业)
30staff: n. 员工
12.Let me show you ___________the city.
综合练习
1.On sunny days, my grandma often reads a novel ______________ the window.
A. by
B. for
C. with
D. from
2.Beijing Expo 2019 opened to the public ________29th April. It will last over five months.
A. at
B. in
C. on
D. of
3.—I want to watch TV the whole day after the long journey31.
—You shouldn’t watch TV too much. It’s bad _________ your eyes.
A. on
B. in
C. for
D. with
4.The high speed train ________Qingdao and Beijing travels faster now. The train ride takes only 3 hours.
A. from
B. among
C. in
D. between
5.He wrote his phone number__________a piece of paper.
A. on
B. for
C. in
D. from
6.To my great joy, my family is always ________me whatever I decide to do.
A. behind
B. to
C. from
D. against
7.We planted some flowers ___________ the garden yesterday.
A. on
B. to
C. in
D. of
8.This story is_________ simple English. My little sister can read it.
A. for
B. in
C. with
D. by
9.I think tea will taste better _________ some milk in it.
A. for
B. with
C. from
D. at
10.—Shall I help you go _________the street, Grandpa? —No, thanks. I can manage32it by myself.
A. on
B. over
C. across
D. along
11.John often takes a walk __________ his grandpa after dinner.
A. to
B. for
C. along
D. with
31journey: n. 旅程
32manage: v. 设法成功做……；管理
12.My English teacher always comes into the classroom _______ a smile.
A. by
B. for
C. on
D. with
13.--- Is that your headmaster? --- You mean the man _______blue?
A. on
B. with
C. in
D. by
14.Humans can not make progress33___________dreams.
A. with
B. without
C. through
D. about
15.Xinhua Zidian，or the New Chinese Dictionary，was first published34______1953.
A．on B．in C．at D．for
16.I’ll be at home __________ Sunday morning. You can phone me then.
A. on
B. in
C. for
D. to
17.Yesterday our headmaster made a speech35_________ environmental protection36, and we learned something ___________recycling37of waste.
A. on; from
B. on; about
C. from; from
D. from; about
18.Frank held his breath38_______the water to search for his ring in the swimming pool.
A. at
B. by
C. over
D. under
19.Look! A boy is drawing ________ the bridge which is ________ the river.
A. over; on
B. over; above
C. on; over
D. on; above
20.—Have you ever been to the Summer Palace(颐和园)?
—Yes. I have visited it many times __________2009.
A．in B．until C．since D．For
21.________ all the school subjects, English in my favorite.
A.During B．Between C．Except D．Among
22.______________ his stay in Beijing, he made some foreign friends.
A.During B．Between C．In D．Among
33Make progress: 取得进步
34publish: v. 出版
35Make a speech: 做演讲(== give a speech)
36environmental protection: 环境保护
37recycle: v. 回收利用
38hold one’s breath: 屏住呼吸(breathe: v. 呼吸)。