新世纪研一英语期末考试总结
新世纪研究生英语unit 2 Summary of the text
• Part 2: Main body – the limits of the Internet in
solving these problems 2-4: against the I’s potential to prevent war 5-7: against reducing energy consumption and pollution 8-9: against the belief that I can reduce inequality 10-11: a concession that there is truth in those claims • Part 3: Conclusion – Although the I has changed many things, it cannot solve all the problems of human society.
Text Structure
• Writing style: a piece of argumentation • A clear, reasoned, and logical way of demonstrating that your position, belief, or conclusion is valid. • Enough evidence should be given to support your arguments.
Summary of the text
This essay is a piece of argumentation. An argument is a reasoned, logical way of demonstrating that your position, belief, or conclusion is valid. One purpose of argument is to persuade reasonable people to agree with your position. Another is simply to defend your position, to establish its soundness even if others cannot be persuaded to agree. A third purpose of argumentation is to attack some position you believe to be misguided, untrue, or evil, without necessarily offering an alternative of your own. In a good essay of this type, enough evidence should be given to support your arguments. Addressing the claims of the opposition is also an important component in building a convincing argument.
新世纪研究生公共英语阅读a完型期末复习填空汇总
完型填空A套一单元1.When I was a boy，there was but one permanent ambition among my comrades in our villageon the west bank of the Mississippi River. That was to be a steamboatman. We had transient ambition of other sorts, but they were only transient. When a circus came and went, it left us all burning to become clowns; the first negro minstrel show that came to our section left us all suffering to try that kind of life; now and then we had a hope that if we lived and were good, God would permit us to be pirates. These ambitions faded out, each in its turn; but the ambition to be a steamboatman always remained.我小的时候，我们那密西西比河西岸的村镇上，玩伴们都只有一个水恒的志愿。
那就是当轮船上的水手．我们也有其他种种暂时的愿望，可是那都只是暂时性的、马戏团来到的时候和走了之后，总是使我们大家都燃起火热的希望，想当小又第一次到我们那带地方来的黑人游唱团使我们渴望着想试一试那种生活。
我们不时还有一种希望，那就是，如果我们活在世上。
品行挺好，上帝就会让我们当海盗。
这些愿望，一个一个地都先后幻灭了；可是想当轮船上的水手这种志愿却始终保持下来了。
学年英语试卷期末总结
学年英语试卷期末总结本学年的英语试卷期末考试已经结束了，回顾这一学期的学习和考试经历，我认为自己取得了一定的进步，同时也意识到了自己的不足之处。
在这篇总结中，我将对本学年的英语学习情况进行回顾和总结，并分析自己的不足，提出相应的改进措施。
首先，从听力方面来说，我在这一学年的进步算是比较明显的。
通过不断练习听力材料，我对各种英语口音有了更好的理解，听力技巧也越来越熟练。
然而，仍然存在一些问题，比如有时我会在听力任务中失去注意力，导致错过了关键信息。
为了解决这个问题，我打算在下学期加强听力训练，尤其是注意力的训练，提高自己的听力水平。
其次，阅读能力是我在这一学年中需要努力改进的一个方面。
虽然我在课堂上认真阅读教材和相关文章，但在考试中却没有很好地应用所学知识。
我经常会在理解文章的主题和细节方面出错，这主要是因为阅读速度较慢和对词汇不够熟悉。
为了改善这个问题，我决定在下学期增加阅读量，提高阅读速度，同时积极扩大自己的词汇量，加强对文化背景知识的学习。
写作方面是我在这学年的英语学习中的一个亮点。
通过练习写作，在表达能力和语法使用方面取得了进步。
我能更准确地表达自己的观点和想法，并避免了一些常见的句法错误。
然而，在写作中还是存在一些问题，比如使用一些不够恰当的词汇和固定搭配。
为了改善这个问题，我打算在下学期加强词汇和句型的学习，提高自己的写作水平。
最后，口语方面是我这学年需要加强的一个方面。
尽管我在口语练习中取得了一些进展，但我发现自己在交流时还是有些紧张，导致语言表达不流利。
以及经常忽略了一些语音和语调的细节。
为了改变这个问题，我决定在下学期加强口语练习，多参加英语角和口语训练，提高自己的口语表达能力和自信心。
总的来说，本学年的英语学习取得了一定的成就，但也暴露出个别方面还需要加强的问题。
在下学期，我将更加注重听力、阅读、写作和口语方面的训练和练习，不断提高自己的英语水平。
我相信只要我坚持不懈，一定能取得更好的成绩。
新世纪研究生英语(b)课后习题及答案 考试复习
新世纪研究生英语课后习题及答案Unit11. The representative（众议员）presented to the committee a petition(请愿书) signed by 1,200 electors asking for a thorough probe into the financial scandal surrounding the candidate for the regional legislature.2. The landlady fired the servant who pocketed(独吞) household funds for his own use.3. After exploring for more than half a year, the ecologist felt a great from thrill(兴奋) spotting therare species at the foot of the mountain.4. “Better late than never” is a platitude(陈词滥调) that is very familiar to most English speakers.5. The couple had been trying to satisfy all the needs of their only youngster, who had been importuning (胡搅蛮缠) for more pocket moneny all the time.6. The unruly(不守规矩的) crowd became even more boisterous(喧闹的) when the negotiator tried to quiet them.7. The belief that one should work hard and be honest is deeply ingrained（根深蒂固） in our culture.8. The company was financially cornered（把…逼入绝境）and almost went into bankruptcy(破产) during last year’s economic recession.9. The employees tried to avoid every risk that might incur（导致）her displeasure during the firstmonth after her divorce.10. In order to prevent a sudden outbreak of hostilities, we must make no provocative（刺激的，挑拨的）move.11. The author of the book made a comparative study of courtesy（礼貌，礼节） between the two different cultrues. (etiquette 礼貌，礼节)12. After long night of revelry（狂欢）at the New Year’s Eve party ,most of the guests were drunk（喝醉的）.(looped 喝醉的)13. Since the beginning of last month, she has suffered now and then from a sharp and unexplained (不明原因的) headache for which the doctors are trying to find a cure. (unaccountable不明原因的)14. The security guard spoke angrily and seriously(气愤的斥责) to the group of noisy boys acting up in the garden of the hotel. (told off 斥责)15. Compared with all his peers, the young engineer had been noticeably（显著地）successful in that field.(conspicuously显著地)16. Many men tend to regard daily housework such as cooking, cleaning and laundry to be an irritating（使人烦恼的）nuisance. (pesky使人烦恼的)17. The psychiatrist encouraged his patient to release（释放）all his resentment at the way life had treated him.(let loose释放，放松)18. In this lively(生动的) romantic historical novel, the author narrates a riveting（引人入胜的） love story between two great figures of the 19th century. (racy 生动的)19. She was depressed by the gloomy(阴郁的，沮丧的), fog-bound scene on the waterfront and felt even more lonely.(murky 阴郁的，沮丧的)20. The chairman advised both parties to calm down and be rational because thy had reacheda sensitive(敏感的) stage of their business negotiation.（ticklish棘手的，敏感的)翻译：To invite eminent persons to help make advertisements should be regarded as one of the best advertising strategies and could, of course, produce a spectacular(powerful) VIP effect, privided that those celebrities are perfectly willing to accept the invitation and, more importantly, the products to be advertised are genuine and of fair prices. Sometimes, while a commodity is of inferior quality, the advertisement is full of words lavishing praise on it, if a celebrity shows up as an image agent for such a product, the advertisement could, if any, be temporarily successful before it turns the brand of the product in question notorious and, more disastrously, ruins the reputation of the eminent person thereafter. So, the famous are well advised to think more than twice before they agree to appear on the commercial.Unit21. Italian neo-realist(新实在论者)cinema focused on working—class subjects, using amateur actors and filming on location, rather than in the studio.2. Despite his wartime atrocities,(暴行)Hitler is still revered by neo-Nazi(新纳粹主义的) in many countries.3.Neo-fascist(新法西斯主义者)groups are an increasing threat to ethnic minorities across Europe.4. By neocolonialism（新殖民主义）we mean the practice of granting a sort of independence with the concealed intention of making a liberated country a client—state.5. The tutor tried hard to dissuade(阻止) students from using neologisms（新词）in formal writing6. He is a neo-Darwinist(新进化论者) animals is principally determined by natural selection, and that acquired characteristics cannot be inherited.7. The architect traveled around the whole of Europe seeking Palladio’s wonderful 16th-century neoclassical（新古典主义的） buildings.8. In view of the still unknown physical risks that cloning might impose on neonates（婴儿）appropriate.9. The challenge for the future lies in fostering（培养） conditions in cities that will be favorable to economic growth.10. The old lady reaved（赞扬） about her grandchildren for about an hour.11. Gene therapy-----the actual correction or replacement of defective gene sequences in the embryo or the adult ------is the holy grail（最受欢迎的） of genetic medicine.12. Through genetic engineering, will scientists be tampering with the genetic diversity that has been the mainstay（支柱） of human survival in the past?13. A news release by the Chinese Ministry of Personnel printed in a few leading newspapers and on news websites caught the attention of thousands of twenty-somethings（人到二十）in October.14. For many reasons, the vast majority of heterosexuals(异性的)still prefer the “old—fashioned”, sexual way of producing children. No other method better expresses the loving union of a man and a woman seeking to make a baby.15. It is absolutely mandatory（强制的） that every dr iver of a vehicle must pass a driver’s license test.16. In today’s lightning—speed world many singles are embracing（拥抱，接受） the newest trend in relationship ----- speed dating-------to size up a potential love interest.17. As a young man, he spent a lot of time meditating（冥想）upon the purpose of life.18. She really enjoyed the film because it was a(n)fusion(融合) of history and contemporary events.翻译：Nowadays in the city’s tonier residential districts there are peple named as singles, who are usually young, rich and tech-savvy professionals and choose independently their own lifesyles. The number of singles has increased dramatically over the recent years. The reasons of remaining single are various:some may be busy exploring careers without putting their marriage into the agenda, some may indulge in their jobs, travel, entertainment, physical fitness or friendship, More than 80% of them have not abandoned the value of marriage, and they say they aspire to marry or they want to be married someday, but they are patient and feel content being single until they meet the right person.Unit31. In China, home computer ownership is expected to exceed（超过）that of the U.S. and Europe combined. ( outstrip超过)2. The company has been placed in a state of uncertainty(处于不确定状态) as the board decides what to do next.( limbo处于不确定状态)3. He wrote quickly, but from time to time he stopped(停下来) and look out of the window. ( ceased停止)4. Thousands of refugees left the country following（紧随） the outbreak of civil war.( in the wake of 紧随)5. An airline spokesman stated that the safety of passengers was absolutely of the most importance（最重要的）.(paramount 最重要的)6. The use of animals in scientific tests raises difficult moral(道德的) questions. (ethical道德的)7. TV coverage of the match had to be extended(延长) when it went into over -time.（prolonged延长)8. He’s a good person to be with if ever you’re in a tough(艰难的) situation. ( thorny 艰难的)9. He seemed to be a born（天生的）liar. ( congenital天生的)10. The operation was rather painful, but I felt a lot better afterwards(之后). (subsequently之后)11. In the Netherlands euthanasia（安乐死）has already been legalized.12. Some observers doubt whether the peace process can be salvaged(挽救).13. Lack of essential minerals can cause deformity（畸形） in unborn children.14. All the cars are tested for defects（不合格） before they leave the factory15. We help people with mental or physical handicaps（残障）to find work16. She had a(n)lingering（挥之不去的）sense of guilt for some time after breaking off her relationship with Henry.17. The Government has to grapple with（努力克服） the problem of unemployment.18. He was arrested for allegedly（据说，据称） stabbing his former wife19. To her relief she was acquitted（无罪开释 of all the charges laid against her.20. The frontiers(尖端科学) of medical knowledge are being pushed farther outwards as time goes on.翻译：People who are energetic, happy, and relaxed are less likely to catch a cold than those who are depressed, nervous, or angry. When the brain is “happy”, it sends messages to our organs that help keep the body healthy and sound. Your chance of developing the common cold, pneumonia, or even cancer may very well be decreased by keeping your brain in a healthy state. In addition, happy and relaxed people are prone to better health practices than their negative and stressed counterparts. They are more likely to get plenty of sleep and to engaged in regular exercise, and have been shown to have lower levels of certain stress hormones.Unit 41.Westerners perceive shape and dimensions(规模，大小)------(size)2. see cross-cultural varieties(品种；种类)------(types)3. any intrusion(侵入；闯入)------(penetration)4. essence(本质，实质)------(core)5. the word means “in a house” or “from a chamber(室内的；私人的)”------(room)6. adaptations(适应；改编)------(adjustments)7.The amount of distinguishing(有区别的)------(distinctive)8. make careful distinctions(区别) among different spatial elements ------(differentiation)9. secular and sacred(神的；神的）(holy)10. different perceptions of time may cause cultural conflicts(冲突；矛盾)------(clashes)11. Time i s not a “mere connection”, as some English anthropologists(人类学家)but one of the most basic organizing systems of life, because all situational behavior has a temporal anda spatial dimension.12. Patterns(模式)are those implicit cultural rules by means of which sets are arranged so that they take on meaning.13. In fact, compared with more tangible(有形的；切实的)assaults on his character------namely Jones’ pending sexual—harassment lawsuit and the federal investigation into White—water ------words in a book could barely hurt him.14. A small but persistent(固执的，坚持的) … still don’t buy it.15. Mr. Smith, who was worried that the ban might infringe(侵犯；违反)—abiding gun owners , had already voted against the bill.16. After all, scientists noted, HIV is a retrovirus, a class of infectious agents known for their alarming ability to integrate(使…完整；使…成整体)17. Suddenly, perfectly secular(世俗的；长期的)medieval—era arguments against the hubris of science.18. My study of space---- how people experience it and create a model of the spatial(空间的；存在于空间的)world in the central nervous system-----forced me to acknowledge the perceptual clichés of my culture.19. My ignorance of both hydroponics and of florist’s(花店)shops made me feel somewhat ease.Consequently I did not communicate in the manner I generally use when I am speaking on a familiar subject in a familiar setting.20. To understand an organization, you have to consider all of its components. Organizations arenetworks of related parts. Each element works together with the others to support efficient operations. The new MBA buzzword for it all is Organizational .Architecture(建筑学；建筑风格).翻译：As one travels abroad and examines the ways in which space is handled, startling variations are discovered; differrences which we react to vigorously. Since none of us are taught to look at space as isolated from other associations, feelings cued by the handling of space are often attributed to something else. In growing up people learn literarily thousands of spatial cues, all of which have their own meanings in their own contexts.当人们到海外旅游时，如果留心观察外国人如何处理空间关系，就会发现许多令人惊讶的不同之处；而这些不同之处总让我们反应强烈。
新世纪研究生英语课后题答案2
翻译：邀请名人做广告，只要商品确实货真价实，名人又愿意，这应该是广告技巧的上策，会产生很强的名人效应。
但是货品质量差，广告又言过其实，又请名人做广告，这种广告一时也许会产生一些好的影响，但最终是砸了自己的牌子，也坍了名人的台，影响了名人的信誉。
因此，名人在接受广告要慎之又慎。
To invite eminent persons to help make advertisements should be regarded as one of the best advertising strategies and could, of course, produce a spectacular(powerful) VIP effect, privided that those celebrities are perfectly willing to accept the invitation and, more importantly, the products to be advertised are genuine and of fair prices. Sometimes, while a commodity is of inferior quality, the advertisement is full of words lavishing praise on it, if a celebrity shows up as an image agent for such a product, the advertisement could, if any, be temporarily successful before it turns the brand of the product in question notorious and, more disastrously, ruins the reputation of the eminent person thereafter. So, the famous are well advised to think more than twice before they agree to appear on the commercial.当今都市比较高贵的居住区中有群被人们称作单身贵族的人，他们通常是有些技术的专业人员，既年轻、富有，又选择自己的生活方式。
新世纪研究生英语课后习题总结及答案
新世纪研究生英语课后习题总结及答案Unit6NO.12345678910Key A C A B C B C D D A1.Advocates of organic foods frequently proclaim that such products are safer and more nutritious than others.A.announceB.denounceC.pronounceD.renounce2.If I may venture an opinion,I'd say the plan needs closer examination.A.exposeB.eliminateC.expressD.export3.These photographs capture the essence of working-class life at the turn of the century.A.describeB.prescribeC.inscribeD.ascribe4.There was a preponderance of female teachers in the English department.A.dominationB.dominanceC.occupationD.regime5.Clarence had only a few fuzzy memories of hisgrandparents.A.ambiguousB.BrightC.obscureD.blur6.What he has achieved is an extraordinary feat that would be impossible to duplicate.A.photocopyB.equalC.praiseD.describe7.He's stopped taking drugs now,but he may revert to taking them again.A.resortB.reduceC.restoreD.recover8.As often as not,people tend to scream under such circumstances.A.Not oftenB.VirtuallyC.RarelyD.Quite often9.What is even more important is the fact that the astronauts'photographs have uncovered many things not evident at close range.A.venturedB.uploadedC.declaredD.revealed10.The disposition of the troops on the battlefield is of paramount importance.A.arrangementB.characterC.dismissalD.recruitingUnit7NO.12345678910Key C B A A C B D C B C1.She has been eliminated from the swimming race because she did not win any of the practice races.A.got outB.taking awayC.got rid ofD.driving away2.One of the major flaws in the existing system is that the prosecutor has immunity from law suits claiming malicious prosecution./doc/f411043794.html,efulB.spitefulC.harmlessD.cheerful3.They define a good patient as one who accepts their statements and their actions uncritically and unquestioningly.A.characterizeB.confineC.fixD.limit4.Roberts'poor physical condition combined with nagging injuries prevented him from playing more than51games in thepast four seasons.A.troublingB.following/doc/f411043794.html,plainingD.accompanying5.Constant correction by a teacher is often counterproductive,as the student may become afraid to speak at all.A.evilB.not productiveC.unfavorableD.hurting6.For centuries we women have gloated over the one negative aspect of aging more evident in men than women: balding.A.praisedB.felt maliciously satisfied witC.felt sorry forD.expressed great pleasure of7.In the conducive atmosphere around the fort,General Bradley immediately found out about the plot.A.goodB.suitableC.fitD.favorable8.It's a story of a harmful dynamic between white prejudice and black autonomy.A.state of movementB.political force/doc/f411043794.html,peting or conflictingsystemD.social system9.Gandhi rejects outright claims made concerning the superior or inferior status of religions.A.ovreallB.directC.obscureD.ambiguous10.My first boss was a really nasty person,who seemed to enjoy making life difficult for everyone.A.graveB.sorrowfulC.uglyD.pitifulUnit8NO.12345678910Key B C A D C B A B B D1.At the press conference,they were scrambling to give the impression that the situation was in control.A.searchingB.strugglingC.crowdingD.exciting2.Written off again and again,he has proved phenomenal in resilience and political craftiness.A.notableB.tangibleC.extraordinaryD.sensible3.This news has sent a wave of panic through the world whichto me seems way out of proportion.A.farB.meanC.simplyD.away4.Downtown business owners say they want the city's homeless shelter moved to a less conspicuous location.A.confrontedB.fantasticC.confidentD.noticeable5.Over the past year,Linux has made significant inroads into embedded designs requiring rich,high performance networking.A.made moneyB.made achievementsC.made advancesD.made progress6.The important thing is to harness growth to self-knowledge,a ready acceptance of change,swift-moving business practice and sound judgment.A.make useB.controlC.produceD.escape7.We are the ones willing and able to run an obstacle course filled with hurdles that we must complete before anyone else.A.barriersB.blessC.reportsD.handouts8.I haven't been able to orient my ideas to the new conditions since I worked abroad three months.A.changeB.adjustC.direct/doc/f411043794.html,anize9.The company office was inundated with telegrams of congratulations on the tenth anniversary of its foundation.A.overjoyedB.floodedC.crowdedD.satisfied10.He had drawn a contradictory conclusion in his thesis because he pinned his faith on an absurdity.A.decidedB.practicedC.dependedD.PlacedUnit10NO.12345678910Key A D D D B C B B A A1.The man amassed a great fortune during the war,but later lost all of it almost overnight.A.collectedB.obtainedC.madeD.got2.Ten federal researchers were listed as contributors,but seven of them quickly disavowed any connection with it.A.refusedB.refutedC.confusedD.denied3.Industrial labour was at last being regulated,water supplies purified,hospitals sanitised and prisons reformed.A.changedB.consideredC.fixedD.controlled4.The investment remains beyond reach for many,but the choices today are much broader and more viable than10 years ago.A.controversialB.dirtyC.flexibleD.feasible5.There is no resolution to this conflict and two sides seem to go to war.A.decisionB.disagreementC.actionD.condition6.The small island is now visited by millions of tourists for its natural endowments of white sandy beaches and clean water.A.donationsB.qualificationsC.giftsD.quantities7.Indeed,the logic of commercialism may lead the enterprise to pursue activities at odds with other government objectives.A.go intoB.run afterC.strive forD.carry out8.First introduced in1989,Adopt-a-Pet aims to highlight the plight of abandoned animals and encourage more responsible pet ownership.A.brokenB.desertedC.run-downD.stolen9.As the King got older,he became convinced that his family were scheming against him.A.plottingB.planningC.orderingD.arguing10.The chinese football team outscored its opponent by two balls.A.overcameB.outsetC.succeededD.wonUnit13NO.12345678910Key D B A C B D C A D B1.For these the primary schools provided a gentle haven before they transferred to the local secondary modern school.A.harborB.heavenC.oasisD.sanctuary2.It also makes specialty parts and accessories,which can be used to spruce up the performance and appearance of existing automobiles.A.polish upB.smarten upC.mark upD.prop up3.I knew that faking the tears would make her get a sense of gratification and end the punishment,but I refused.A.satisfactionB.emotionC.qualificationD.indulgence4.The stigma may not result from associating her language with ignorance,but the unkindness is just as real.A.situationB.disagreementC.disgraceD.distrust5.Her eyebrow had received the blow from the torch and had begun to throb;she could feel a trickle of blood.A.stickB.movementC.releaseD.leak6.You should not tell your client to expect that they will automatically experience an aversion response to the imagery of drinking.A.avertingB.avoidanceC.advertenceD.antipathy7.Some economists are now predicting the danger of runaway inflation and they see it as a force that human can no longer control.A.fugitiveB.violentC.uncontrolledD.overwhelming8.Anyone who studied at the college joined an elite band of well-connected lawyers,doctors and businessmen.A.excellentB.selectedC.efficientD.powerful9.Liz had a more robust notion of the self,and took another line on the individual's place in the structure.A.fierceB.vigorousC.energeticD.potent10.His friendship with Fujimori gives him unusual access to a president with a tiny circle of advisers and a penchant for secrecy.A.desireB.preferenceC.hopeD.wish。
新世纪研究生公共英语答案英语考试听力
Unit 3 A1.Mr.Smith will berep;aced2.The roof of the woman’s3.John did better4.Their father is unable5.He thinks that theremight ont6.They might be hard toread7.He forgot to get thebooks8.He is likely to go to theconcert9.She is very pleased10.He may already haveplans11.Continue his exerciseprogram12.She has been to themarket13.See his professor aboutthe paper14.The traffic won’t detourafter the15.His mother’s new jobkeep her busyUnit 4 A1.He is satisfied whit it2.Tom should consider3.Her skin is sensitive4.They won’t goswimming5.The man saw Janewearing6.The man should get hiscar checked7.She thinks the cafeteriais too8.Keep looking for hiswallet9.To invite him to go to afilm10.She wants to exercisebefore she runs11.She worked hard on herpresentation12.It’s just past ten o’clock13.He won’t do as thewoman aska14.The woman should go toCalifornia to attend thewedding15.He thinks he selected anice scarfUnit 51.The information may beinaccurate2.He has troubleremembering whenthings3.She needs a warm jacket4.She saw Becky recently5.She isn’t reallyinterested in artmuseums6.Her roommate forgot togive her the message7.The man is too sensitive8.He regrets that he can’tgo to the party9.He feels a little tired10.Bill’s behavior couldcause him11.The woman’s roommatewent to get it12.Bejing well rested willhelp Debra13.He’s growing veryquickly14.He doesn’t know how tooperate15.Discuss the situationwith the personUnit 61.He doesn’t have time togo to a movie2.It didn’t accuratelyrepresent3.They’ll complete theirwork4.Call the company sheordered the book from5.She’s too busy to helpthe man6.The band has beenworking barf7.No one can take herplace8.Music9.Take the briefcase to thereception desk10.Delays in train servicewill continue11.He has al;ways admiredher12.She is confused13.It is being repaired14.Tom will keep thesurprise party a secret15.Professor and studentUnit 71.Reference books are notallowed2.The man should give upwatching the movie3.The man met a friend bychance4.At a newspaper office5.They are equallycompetene for the job6.Ask to have the packagedelivered t7.try to find another placeto study8.Her sweater is not warmenough9.He’s too busy to cleamthe house10.Visit her relatives11.Fred probably borrowedsomeone12.Two new-comers13.Professor Johnson’slectures14.Watch the game at home15.Taking publictransportationUnit 81.They should come to acompromise2.Writing a postcard3.She will not give thestamps4.They have differentopinions5.To ask for a wakr-up call comedies have’timproved7.Apply for a job with theelectronics company urie taught herself toplay the guitar9.She mighe be delayed inthe lab10.He needs to take hismedicine11.He was taking a shower12.Susan took it to bedeveloped13.In a department store14.How to deal with theproblem15.Tickets are available forfuture performances Unit 91.Go to the concert2.The woman should findout if3.The plants may needmore light4.Buy the woman somemagazines5.The machine isn’tworking right now6.She is a fast reader7.The times on her busschedule may8.The car is in front ofsomething in teresting9.He can recommendmany things to do10.Give the woman herkeys at her class11.The man can’t addressthe problem right then12.Find out is a place opensup in the course later13.Take a shower at thegym14.His cold will go away byitself15.It hasn’t been gradedUnit 111.The admission of apatient2.It’s cheap3.Opinions about the bookare varied4.The man broke the jar5.He likes to do repairsand make things himself6.She was more flexiblelast semester7.Look for pants made of adifferent material8.The man shouldcontinue using themedicine9.It took her a long time tolearn to swim10.Wash fewer clothes at atime11.It doesn’t matter whichone they do12.She espected the theaterto close down13.He didn’t follow hiscoach’s advice14.The man couldn’t finishhis laundry15.She didn’t clean theapartmentUnit 131.Read the operationmanual2.The man is waiting forsome important mail3.To run the committee hisway4.Her luggage has beendelayed5.She has not been given araise for three years6.The watches in jewelrystore are even7.Find a person to sharetheir apartment8.Go to an Italianrestaurant9.He can’t lend the womanany money10.Sit further back11.She seldom stopsstudying12.The history book is tooexpensive13.Study instead of writingletters14.She should return thetape player by Friday15.Buy a new suitUnit 141.Long exposure to the sun2.It encourages husbandsto shop on their own3.The doctor’s name4.In a restaurant5.The man thinks travelingby air quite safe6.She’ll drive downtownfor a meeting7.Where to eat onSaturday8.What is causing theman’s problem9.Continue to read10.She often goes to thebeach11.Live on campus12.It was very expensive13.Ask about the book atthe information desk 14.Telephone the hotel fordirections15.He wants to go early toavoid a traffic jamUnit 31.On January 1, 19952.To promote afree-market3.1344.The WTO’s top level5.The WTO authorizes Unit 4一1.Post-Civil Wardevelopments in2.three3.Over one million4.Harvard and JohnHopkins University5.It was not highlydeveloped二1.Students have to attend school2.Quebec3.Traditional universities4.The relationship between their curriculacation in Canada is unique becauseUnit 5 一1.International students2.The advantages anddisadvantages3.A residence hall4.Having much privacy5.Wasting time intransportation二1.The Residence Hall isvery far from the sea2.A computer3.On the first floor4.A group of well-trainedstaff5.Student are required tohave mealsUnit 6 一1.Singing，crying andvoice imitating2.Short and unchanging3.To attract the attention ofother birds4.The types of birds sound5.It is still unknown whybirds imitate二1.About 1,0002.Pandas eat slowly but alot3.Only a few species ofbamboo4.15% of their bodyweight5.All of the aboveUnit 7 一1.The importance of thequality2.The artists are helpinghospitals3.An artist4.5,0005.They would need lesspain killers二1.In Britain,everyone goesto GPs2.The patients may have towait a long time3.See a GP first4.The cost of medicalinsurance5.Go to see a GP or aninternistUnit 8一1.Stamp collecting2.Boys Scouts3.To learn how to growvegetables4.All of the above5.By deliveringnewspapers andbaby-sitting二1.Because good careersneed special training2.All of the above3.Those who know thejobs and themselves well4.Jobs in mechanical andmanual fields5.What to consider inchoosing an occupationUnit 9 一1.It isn’t nourishing2.Because English food isoften prepared3.When eaten with fish4.V eal5.Puddings二1.Hamburgers,hotdogs,fried chicken andpizza2.Thanksgiving turkey3.Egg rolls4.Potato chips5.America is a land ofimmigrantsUnit 11一1.In the west, more peopleget divorced2.A married lady3.There exist arrangedmarriages4.In Africa, a man mayhave great5.Y oung people choosingmarriage partners二1.Some wise men from theEast2.They found him with thehelp of star3.Joseph was a shepherd4.Around 300 AD5.Christmas is the mostwonderful timeUnit 13一1.A Park ServiceEmployee2.Several explorers3.It was the firs nationalpark in word4.More than 3605.To train other staffmembers二1.Because they knewpandas would2.Black and sloth bears3.He is form China’sAcademy of Sciences 4.Not everyone in China isin favor5.Human beings havedestroyedUnit 14一1.A short history of themovie industry inHollywood2.They were a greatsuccess3.Some previouslyunknown actors4.Patriotic movies5.They can step intoconcrete footprints 二1.In 19272.An academy member3.Spring4.Only by invitation can aperson5.He had been a theatricaldirector before won anOscar。
高一英语期末总结
高一英语期末总结引言高一英语的期末考试即将到来，回顾这个学期以来的学习收获和经验教训，可以更好地总结和准备考试。
本文将对高一英语的学习情况进行总结，包括优势、不足和改进方向。
学习优势1. 词汇积累在高一英语的学习中，我注重词汇积累，通过背诵单词和阅读英语文章扩充词汇量。
随着词汇量的增加，我在阅读和听力理解方面的能力也有所提升。
2. 听力能力通过多次听力练习和模拟考试，我对于英语听力的理解能力逐渐增强。
在课堂上，我积极参与听力训练，与同学一起讨论解题思路，提高了自己的听力技巧。
3. 阅读理解在高一英语的学习中，我发现自己对阅读理解比较擅长。
我能够快速抓住文章的核心内容，并理解其中的细节信息。
通过阅读不同类型的文章，我提高了自己的阅读理解能力。
学习不足1. 口语表达尽管我在听力和阅读方面有一定的能力，但我的口语表达能力较弱。
我缺乏实际口语练习的机会，导致口语表达的流利度和准确性有待提高。
在以后的学习中，我需要更多地参与口语练习，提高口语交流能力。
2. 写作能力我在英语写作方面的能力也有待提高。
虽然我对于英语的写作结构和语法有一定的了解，但在实际写作时，往往无法准确地表达自己的思想和观点。
在以后的学习中，我需要多进行写作练习，提高写作技巧和表达能力。
3. 长篇阅读在英语学习中，我对于长篇阅读的理解能力相对较弱。
长篇阅读的文章内容更加复杂，需要综合运用各种阅读技巧进行理解。
在以后的学习中，我将注重训练长篇阅读能力，提高自己的综合素养。
改进方向1. 口语练习为了提高口语表达能力，我计划参加英语角和语言交流活动，与母语为英语的同学进行交流。
同时，我还会多进行口语训练，积极参与班级内的英语演讲比赛和角色扮演活动，提高自己的口语交流能力。
2. 写作训练为了提高写作能力，我将积极参与写作练习和作文比赛，提高自己的写作技巧和表达能力。
同时，我还会多读一些英文原著和优秀英语文章，学习他人的写作风格和表达方式，提高自己的写作水平。
总结期末考试英语
总结期末考试英语
本学期的英语期末考试已经结束了，回顾这一学期的学习和复习过程，我学到了很多新的
知识，也发现了自己的不足之处。
通过这次期末考试的总结，我希望能够更好地改进学习
方法，提高学习成绩。
首先，这次期末考试考的内容主要包括听力、阅读、写作和口语四个部分。
其中，听力和
阅读是我认为比较容易掌握的部分，因为平时常有机会接触英语听力材料和阅读材料，掌
握了一些常见的听力技巧和阅读策略。
然而，在考试中我发现了自己的问题，就是对于一
些生僻词汇和长难句的理解还不够深入。
下学期我打算多读一些英文原版书籍和报纸，提
高自己的词汇量和阅读理解能力。
其次，写作部分是我认为最困难的一部分，因为我在写作方面的积累不够充分。
在考试中，我发现自己经常会卡壳，不知道如何开始写作或者如何组织语言来表达自己的观点。
因此，我在接下来的学习中，将更加注重写作的练习，多积累一些好的表达方式和句型结构。
另外，我也会多阅读一些优秀的英文文章，提高自己的写作水平。
最后，口语部分是我认为需要最大提升的一个方面。
在平时的学习中，我很少有机会跟人
进行英语口语交流，导致了我的口语表达能力迟迟没有得到提高。
在这次考试中，当我被
要求进行英语口语表达时，我感到非常紧张，连续不断地说错了很多单词和句子结构。
因此，我将下学期重点提高自己的口语能力，积极参加英语角和英语口语培训班，提高自己
的口语表达能力和自信心。
通过这次期末考试总结，我认识到自己在学习上的不足，在下学期我将着重改进学习方法，提高自己的学习成绩。
我相信只要我付出努力，一定能够取得更好的成果。
新世纪研究生公共英语阅读a期末翻译复习
UNIT 1英译汉（1、4段）1.When I was a boy，there was but one permanent ambition among my comrades in our village on the west bank of theMississippi River. That was to be a steamboatman. We had transient ambition of other sorts, but they were only transient. When a circus came and went, it left us all burning to become clowns; the first negro minstrel show that came to our section left us all suffering to try that kind of life; now and then we had a hope that if we lived and were good, God would permit us to be pirates. These ambitions faded out, each in its turn; but the ambition to be a steamboatman always remained.当我还是个小男孩时就一直有一个梦想-成为一名水手.我和小伙伴们生长在密西西比河西岸的一个小村庄,当时所有的伙伴们都梦想有朝一日成为一名水手.当为我们渐渐长大,随着环境和机遇的不同,我们的理想变了又变.当马戏团来表演时,就想当小丑；当黑人的境况每见日下,即使环境糟糕到上帝都允许我们成为海盗,我们还依旧希望能过上幸福的生活.当这些雄心壮志,日见离我们远去,昔日中那个-成为水手的梦想依然永存心间.4.Two or three of the boys had long been person of consideration among us because they had been to St. Louis once and had a vague general knowledge of its wonders, but the day of their glory was over now.有两三个男孩长期以来一直是我们中的一员，因为他们曾去过圣路易斯，对它的奇迹有一个笼统的了解，但他们荣耀的日子已经过去了。
新世纪研究生公共英语答案完型
When Professor Quentin Bell, now 68, was a boy, he saw a vanishing lady. A conjuror raised a woman covered with a white sheet high above his head. After lying there for a moment supported by his hands, she disappeared. Many years later, the image still fascinates him—as we can see in his sculpture.For Professor Bell is not only the biographer of his aunt, Virginia Woolf. He is an art historian, an academic and all his life has been an artist, too. He learnt to make pots in Staffordshire; he also studied sculpture at the Central School and painting in Paris. Until the 1950s he was a professional potter, but when university teaching began to take up most of his time, he started to concentrate on sculpture. Now that he no longer teaches, he spends most of the day in his studio.“Quentin is in his shed,” said his wife Oliver, when we arrived at Cobbe Place, their old house near Lewes in Sussex. Quentin Bell, wearing jeans and smiling rather reticently, was at work on a study for a large female figure destined for the University of Leeds, where he was Professor of Fine Arts in the 1960s. She will be another of his “levitating ladies”, who are designed to look as though they are floating in space. There is one in the garden who seems to lie in mid-air above a flowerbed. She looks as if she’s made of stone, yet she is only supported by her long hair. Bell enjoys mystifying the locals. “How ever do you keep her up, Mr. Bell?” His secret is glass fiber. Pantomime, the traditional Christmas entertainment for children in Britain, has never, as far as I know, become popular abroad, although the comic techniques employed in it owe a great deal to a clown of Italian origin, Joseph Grimaldi, whose performances in the early nineteenth century made him the best-loved man in the British theatre. Unfortunately, pantomime is almost as difficult to explain to anyone who has never seen it as the game of cricket. I once spent half an hour talking about cricket to a foreigner. At last, he could not help interrupting me. I had just said that the ball sometimes traveled at 100 km an hour and by this time he was sure I was making fun of him. He thought I had been talking about croquet. Pantomime, then, is the theatrical representation of a fairy story, like Cinderella, but its attraction lies in a number of stage conventions that have developed over the years. These conventions, while they seem quite normal to children who are used to them, are rather more complicated than you might expect. To begin with, the hero (such as the Prince in Cinderella ) is played by a girl. So is the heroine, in case you are wondering how far sex changes can go! But Cinderella’s sisters are played by men, and so on.What is most surprising is that pantomime not only survives in 1980s but that it is as popular as ever. The main reason for this is that children are given the chance to to participate. They must warn the hero if the villain is coming and some of them go on to the stage to meet the comedian.“How old are you?”asks thecomedian.“I’m twelve.”“That’s funny. When I was your age Iwas thirteen.” Children love it.The appeal of the world of workis first its freedom. The child iscompelled to go to school; he is underthe thumb of authority. Even what hewears to school may be decided for him.As he grows up, he sees what it is to befree of school and to be able to choosejob and change it if he doesn’t like it, tohave money in his pocket and freedom tocome and go as he wishes in the world.The boys and girls, a year or two olderthan he is, whom he has long observed,revisit school utterly transformed andapparently mature. Suddenly masters andmistresses seem as out of date as hisparents and the authority of school aridiculous thing. At the moment the adultworld may appear so much more realthan the school world that the hunger toenter it cannot be appeased by exercisesin school books, or talk of theoccupations. This may not be the wisestof attitudes but it is a necessary part ofgrowing up, for every man and womanmust come sooner or later to the point ofsaying “Really, I’ve had enough of beingtaught; I must do a proper job.”Someyoung people, maturing rapidly becauseof out side influences, come to thisdecision sooner than they ought. Yet in away this is not a bad frame of mind to bein on leaving school. At work, the youngman makes one of the first greatacceptances of life—he accepts thediscipline of the material or the processhe is working with. “The job must bedone”in accord with some inexorableprocess he cannot alter. He sees the pointof it and in doing so comes to terms withlife. The work process constitutes areality in some sense superior to that ofschool, and this is why he so often longsto get to grips with it. Nothing done inschool imposes its will in quite the sameway; if its wet games can be cancelled; ifthe maths master is ill one can get onwith something else. But even the boydelivering papers, like the driver takingout his bus, discovers that one cannot putit off because there is snow on theground, or the foreman is irritable, or hehimself is in a bad mood that morning.To suggest that a creative writer,in a time of conflict, must split his lifeinto two compartments, may seemdefeatist or frivolous; yet in practice donot see what else he can do. To lockyourself up in the ivory tower isimpossible and undesirable. To yieldsubjectively, not merely to a partymachine, but even to a group ideology, isto destroy yourself as a writer. We feelthis dilemma to be a painful one, becausewe see the need to engage in politicswhile also seeing what a dirty degradingbusiness it is. And most of us still have alingering belief that if a thing isnecessary it is also right. We should, Ithink, get rid of this belief, whichbelongs to the nursery. In politics onecan never do more than decide by actinglesser of two evils, and there are somesituations from which one can onlyescape by acting like a devil or a lunatic.War, for example, may be necessary, butit is certainly not right. Even a generalelection is not exactly a pleasant oredifying spectacle. If you have to takepart in such things –and I think you dohave to –then you also have to keep partof yourself inviolate. For most peoplethe problem does not arise in the sameform, because their lives are split already.They are truly alive only in their leisurehours, and there is no emotionalconnection between their work and theirpolitical activities. Nor are theygenerally asked, in the name of politicalloyalty to debase themselves as workers.The artist, and especially the writer, isasked just that –in fact, it is the onlything that politicians ever ask of him. Ifhe refuses, that does not mean that he iscondemned to inactivity. One half of him,which in a sense is the whole of him, canact as resolutely, even as violently ifneed be, as anyone else. But his writings,in so far as they have any value, willalways be the products of the saner selfthat stands aside, records the things thatare done and admits their necessity, butrefuses to be deceived as to their truenature.The readers of the more popularpress are clearly not only working-classpeople, though working-class peoplemust form the majority if only becausethey are a majority of the totalpopulation. No doubt these journalsrealize that the biggest single group theycan aim at is that comprising the largeproportion of the population who leaveschool for good at the age of sixteen. Thescholarship system introduced after theSecond World War may have had aneffect on the working classes. It is ofcourse important not to confuse theintellectual minority with the earnestminority: a sense of social purpose neednot accompany the possession of brains.Nor do all those who enjoy advancededucation abandon their social classemotionally or physically. Neverthelessthe intellectual minority used to staywithin the working class more than itdoes nowadays. Its members were ableto improve the status of all working-classpeople because they were among the fewwho could meet the managers in otherclasses on their own ground, that of theintellect. The scholarship system meantthat many working-class children lefttheir social class by a process ofeducation. The home background ofmiddle-class children may have made iteasier for them to win scholarships; anda few working-class children still couldnot take them up, or had to leave schoolearly because of financial pressure. Butmost of them went to grammar schoolsand a substantial proportion of them lefttheir social class. Few people regrettedthat clever children in theworking-classes had a greater chance ofobtaining posts appropriate to theirabilities. But even if the term“working-classes”is not used, thereexists a great body of people who haveto perform the more mechanical jobs. Wemust therefore take into account the factthat they are now likely to include asmaller proportion of thecritically-minded than before. And this ishappening at a time when those whoseek the money and favor of working-people know how to attract them and have sophisticated market research at hand to help them. We must be on our guard against developing a new kind of class system, one based on literacy but at least as firm as the old.第八单元完形填空Visions of the future in modern fiction are seldom optimistic. What is it that makes them so depressing? Are most creative artists pessimists at heart or is it simply that they see little to approve of in technical progress? I would be inclined to favor the second alternative if it were not for the fact that earlier writers like Jules Verne and H. G. Wells do not seem to have shared their misgivings. The best-known books of this kind in English are Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World and 1984, by George Orwell. Although there are superficial resemblances between them, they are not really very much alike. Huxley’s Britain in 2500 is a well-organized sensual paradise but it offers very little scope to the individual. Human beings are conditioned from their artificial birth to fulfil a social role. Only on an Indian reservation in New Mexico dose life remain unchanged. It was not thought worth taking the trouble to educate the Indians in the new methods.Orwell’s book carries the message that once the world becomes divided between dictatorships, human beings can be made to do whatever they are told to. Children are instructed to spy on their parents. Adults like the hero, Winston Smith, are employed to rewrite history so that it will always show that the dictatorship was right. There is no escape. Any attempt to express oneself as an individual is discovered and the person is brainwashed. At the time when Orwell wrote 1984, it was fashionable for intellectuals to admire Stalinist Russia. They thought of it as the opposite of Nazi Germany. Not long before his death, Orwell published this warning in the hope that people would realize that all dictatorships are basically the same. The world of 1984 is one where the greatest crime is to think for oneself, instead of accepting what one is told by the state.第九单元完形填空Huxley and Orwell are not the only modern writers to have looked into the future and seen disaster. But neither in Brave New World nor in 1984 was the atomic bomb responsible. It plays a major part, however, in The Planet of the Apes and its sequel (at least as far as the film versions taken from Pierre Boulle’s original book are concerned). In Boulle’s story there was a planet where apes and men had changed places in society. In the films, however, this theme was linked to that of nuclear war, making them more topical. The astronauts eventually realized that they have returned to Earth two thousand years later. If men have resigned themselves to becoming the slaves of apes it is because of a nuclear catastrophe.A more subtle treatment of the same theme occurs in John Wyndam’s novel, The Chrysalids. The hero is a boy growing up in a strict puritanical community rather like a pioneeringsettlement in the American West. Only asthe novel develops do we begin tounderstand that the strange laws of thecommunity, one of which is that babiesborn with any physical abnormality areimmediately killed, are hardly explicablein terms of the past.What Wyndham is describing is acommunity in northern Canada somehundreds of years after an atomic war.Here the effects have been comparativelylight but the boy’s uncle, who has been asailor, tells him of voyages south wherenothing can be seen but blackened ashes.Wyndham, in spite of what may seem toyou like total pessimism, has a messageof hope, too. The boy, together with hiscousin, the girl he loves, and a fewfriends, has exceptional telepathic gifts.Their ability to read each other’sthoughts saves them from his father’sanger and they make mental contact withsome people in a place called Seeland,which has also escaped the worst effectsof the holocaust. When the childrenappeal for help, the Seelanders rescuethem. Seeland, it turns out, is what wecall New Zealand.第十一单元完形填空On the second day of air trafficcontrollers’work to rule at Heathrowairport the situation was plainly goingfrom bad to worse. On arriving at theairport yesterday afternoon, I foundthousands of holiday-makers queuing atcheck-in points, seeking someinformation about their flights. Thebreakdown in talks between the unionand the management led to an immediatego-slow on Friday night, which has sinceescalated into the threat of total strikenext weekend.A British Airports Authorityspokesman, commenting on the news,said, “We thought this would happen.The reason for it is that the Governmentrefuses to authorize the 20 percent salaryincrease we agreed with the union lastmonth. We were aware that the rise wasnot in line with Government pay policy,but we wanted to avoid people beinginconvenienced.”The go-slow, whichcoincides with the busiest holidayweekend of the year, has already causedmany flights to be canceled.Holiday-makers faced a long waitbefore eventually reaching theirdestinations. June Kenny, of Manchester,was a typical case, “We were going to flyto London on our way to Ibiza, but whenwe got to the airport in Manchester, theytold us to catch a train. There were noairport buses in London so we took a taxi.It cost us fifteen pounds. We’ve beenwaiting here all day but we still don’tknow when our plane will take off.”The General Secretary of the Unionregretted having caused the publicinconvenience and blamed theGovernment for taking no action. But headded that he was sure the public wouldsympathize with his members’ attitude.第十三单元完形填空Sharing even such a big thingas a marquee with 50 monkeys was anexhausting experience, for these livelyanimals can create an awful lot oftrouble when they give their minds to it.Of all the monkeys we had, there arethree that I remember best. These wereFootle, the moustached monkey, Weekes,the red-headed mangabey, and, last butnot least, Cholmondeley, thechimpanzee.Footle, when he arrived in the camp,was the smallest monkey I had ever seen,for with exception of his long tail, hewould have fitted very comfortably intoa teacup, and then left a certain amountof room to spare. His fur was a peculiarshade of green, and his chest was like anice white shirt front; his head, like thatof most baby monkeys, liked much toobig for his body. But the mostastonishing thing about him was thebroad curved band of white fur acrosshis upper lip, which made him look asthough he had a big moustache. I hadnever seen anything quite so ridiculousas this tiny monkey wearing thisenormous Santa-Clause-like decorationon his face. For the first few days Footlelived in a basket by my bed and had tobe fed with milk from a feeding bottle.The bottle was about twice his size andhe used to fling himself on it with criesof joy when it take it away before he hadfinished. He would not even let me holdthe bottle for him, presumably in case Istole any of the contents, and so hewould roll about on the bed with it in hisarms, looking just as if he were wrestlingwith an airship. Sometimes he would beon top, sometimes the bottle, but whetherhe was on top or underneath, Footlewould still suck away at the milk.。
研究生英语期末考试考后总结
2010-2011学年第1学期英语精读1.阅读简答2.词汇文章中10个单词的英语含义，汉语意思。
文章为Unit Six Text: Two Truths to Live By3.翻译（1）英译汉下册Unit Three 课后翻译A上册Unit Four Text课文第7段（2）汉译英上册Unit Five 课后翻译B第6个下册Unit Three 课后翻译B第6个4.作文奥运口号更高，更快，更强。
拉丁文与英文三个词，那组更好？听力课本Unit 11 Part Ⅱ口语部分Exercise 3 问题1英语听力1.Unit 14 Part ⅠSection A Exercise 1 无选项，直接写句子。
2.Unit 15 Part ⅠSection B Exercise 13.Unit 04 Part ⅠSection A Exercise 14.Unit 12 Part ⅢTalk One5.VOA 圣诞节2010-2011学年第2学期英语精读1.阅读Unit Eleven Exercise A选择题2.词汇文章中10个单词的英语含义，汉语意思。
文章为Unit Eleven Text: In Search of the Real Google3.翻译（1）英译汉Unit Eleven课文第12段后半段Here's how the system works. If you're a company selling sneakers, you can bid to have a link to your website appear in the sponsored area whenever someone does a Google search for, say, tennis or Michael Jordan or sneakers or all of those and more. How prominently your ad will be displayed depends on how much you bid and how many people click on your ad. That means you can’t just buy your way to the top；your link also has to appeal to users. You pay Google for every click you receive.第14段后半段（删减了一句话）The free food and laundry and the heavily subsidized massages and haircuts all help, but there also has to be enough creative work to go around. Google came up with a formula to helpensure this. The San Francisco wi-fi initiative resulted from someone's 10％time；so did Google Talk, a free system for instant and voice messaging. If Google ever builds that space elevator, it will no doubt be during 10％time.（2）汉译英下册Unit Four 课后翻译B第6个下册Unit Six 课后翻译B第6个4.作文比较中美不同的教育制度，你认为孰优孰劣？听力课本Unit 23 Part Ⅱ口语部分Exercise 1 问题1英语听力1.Unit 26 Part ⅢPassage One无选项，直接写句子。
新世纪研究生公共英语A短语总结
Lay laid laid laying 放；搁；下蛋Lie lied lied lying 撒谎Lie lay lain lying 躺；位于A scorching sun, an endless sea of sand and a waterless, forbiddingly lonely land——that is the image most people have of deserts. But how true is this picture?It may fall once or twice a year in a fierce torrent that fades almost as soon as it has begun(来去匆匆), or which evaporates in the hot air long before（还未到达）it has got anywhere near the earth. It may fall in a sudden sweeping flood that carries everything in its path（冲刷）.One feature of the true desert landscape is the absence of vegetationTorrential rainSweep awayThroughout history sth has/have been…Cave paintingHappen on a colossal巨大的；庞大的scale 以惊人的规模扩大着twice the size of…at a high or very high risk of becoming desertunder moderate riskunder threatthe rate of growth of deserts is alarmingthe most important stock-rearing and wheat-growing areasat the rate of ? a yearAt this rate there is a high risk that we will be confined to living on only 50% of this planet’s land surface within one more century unless we are able to do something about it.Tramp through a field 拖着沉重的步伐Closer inspection revealed……Underground / subterranean buildingIn search of tranquility 寻求宁静之所Fall foul of 违背；触犯fall foul of strict building regulationsReturn to more conventional lifestylesQueue up to do sthGrowing numbers of…Citizens can escape the cold in an underground complex complete with shops and even health clinics.A massive underground cityIn the next decadeTake up/occupy time/ landInsulation 绝缘隔音An underground dwellerChronic shortage of landThe living accommodationEnergy-efficient homesBoast ofHit on the idea of 突然想起，偶然发现Take shape 成形；形成Under way （计划等）进行中Unit 4Be only rarely related to excessive physical exertionLabor-saving devices and convenient transportationComplain of/aboutDo heavy laborToday, physicians report, tiredness /fatigue is more likely a consequence of under-exertion运动不够than of wearing yourself down使精疲力竭with over-activity. In fact, increased physical activity is prescribed as a cure for sagging energy.Physical fatigue is the well-known result of overworking your muscle to the point where metabolic waste products——carbon dioxide and lactic acid——accumulate in your blood and sap your strength.Get rid of accumulated wastes and restore muscle fuelPathological fatigue is a warning sign or consequence of some underlying physical disorder.Feel dragged out: feel exhausted all overPushing yourself to resume full activity too soon could precipitate a relapse 促使旧病复发and almost certainly will prolong your period of fatigueFeel drained of energy for weeks on end 连续几个星期Have a thorough physical checkupEmotional problems and conflicts, especially depression and anxiety, are by far the most common causes of prolonged fatigue.A defense mechanism防卫机制Safety valve安全阀；安全活门Repressed emotional conflictsFeel trappedThere is a great deal you can do on your own to deal with severe prolonged fatigue and thoseperiodic 周期性的washed-out feelings 精疲力竭Counterproductive 产生相反效果的Caffeine is at best a temporary solution 至多that can backfire with abuse 适得其反and cause life-disrupting symptoms of anxietyA skimpy breakfast→experience mid-morning fatigue/ a proper breakfast→for peak energy Provide a steady supply of blood sugar throughout the morningCoffee and doughnut are almost worse than nothing最糟糕，providing a brief boost and then letting you down with a thud砰然落下Exercise enhances，rather than saps，energy.Resist fatigue 抵抗疲劳Regular conditioning exercise有规律地调节运动Exercise also has a well-recognized tranquilizing effectRelieve accumulated tensionsGenerally sleep requirements decline with age.Insomnia and other sleep disordersBe treated with pillsTry to schedule your most taxing/demanding/tiring jobs for the time of day when you’re at your peakDon’t overextend yourself 承担过多义务，trying to climb the ladder of success at a record pace or to meet everyone’s demands or expectations.Premenstrually月经前Take breaksEven running up and down the staircase can provide refreshment from a sedentary jobIn perspective 观察合理地Take sth in stride 从容、轻松解决某事With a thud 砰然打击或落下On end 连续地As far as I knowOwe a great deal to sbAt 100km an hourMake fun of sbDevelop over the yearsTired and dispiritedTurn automatically to drugsCounteract our fatigueOverlook/neglect v. oversight n.Exceedingly difficultOur consumption of food and drinkThe tension and physical inactivity of modern lifeIf you lead a constantly sedentary way of life your lung will grow lazy through lack of use and their capacity will fall. Prolonged mental tension can have a similar effect.Suffer from unrequited love无回报的爱are but 只不过是it follows that/ we believe that if we want to hide our true feelings, as we often do in our tight-lipped society, we must first keep close control of our breathing.Be responsible for 是造成……的原因In particularMake a point of （make sure ）Five consecutive strides 连续五步Tend to doFall into the habit of chronic overbreathing长期换气过度Produce a variety of symtomsHyperventilation Syndrome 换气过度；强力呼吸综合病症Notably muscle weakness，ready fatigue, increased irritability, disrupted sleep, faintness, poor /impaired memory, tension, pains and shortness of breath, inability to concentrateCreep up to 上升到；增至Justifiable 合理的Your life is fraught with problems充满Revitalization复苏Ventilation换气；空气流通Ease your tensions and give you a surge of added energyAntidepressant 抗抑郁剂Expiration 呼气Pant 喘气Unit 5Spare the rod，spoil the childIt is generally accepted that the experiences of the child in his first years largely determine his character and later personality.The effects are cumulativeUpbringing( within the home)Education (in school)In a (competitive) society such as ours, both parents and teachers are responsible for the opportunities provided for the development of the child, so that upbringing and education are interdependent.The ideals and practices of child rearing vary from culture to culture.In general, the more rural the community, the more uniform are the customs of childhood upbringing.Childhood and adolescenceEarly upbringing is affected by:The cultural pattern of the communityThe parents’ capability and their aimsUpbringing and educationThe innate abilities of the childWide differences of innate intelligence and temperament exist even in children of the same family. Ascertain/ make sure/ make a point ofRefer to some booksSpeech defectsBackwardness in learning to walkControl of bodily functionsThe younger the child，the more readily the mother gives in to his demands to avoid disappointing him.Wake at regular intervals 有规律at ten-minute-intervals 每隔十分钟Accustoms himself to conforming to its demandsThe child’s acquisition of each skill 掌握技能It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feelings of failure and states of anxiety in the child.If a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural zest for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.Learning together is a fruitful source of relationship between children and parentsParents vary greatly in their degree of strictness or indulgence towards their children.Be strict in sth(money matters) be severe over time of coming home at nightBe strict with sbPunctuality for mealsIn general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the value of the community as much as the child’s happiness and well-being.As regards/ concerning/with regards to +短语Leave out 忽略，遗漏As regard the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency is very important in parental teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next朝令夕改is not the foundation for morality. Also parents should realize that “example is better than percept”. 身教重于言教If they are hypercritical and do not practice what they preach, their children may grow confused and emotionally insecure when they have been to some extent deceived. A sudden awareness of a marked difference between their parents’ ethics and their morals品行和他们奉行的道德can be a dangerous disillusion.幻灭Be compelled to do/ be forced to doBe under the thumb of authority (be completely controlled)The adult worldSooner or laterCome to the point of saying^^Outside influencesCome to the decisionOn doing sth 即将做某事In accord withInexorable（unchangeable）Come to terms with life 适应生活Long to do hunger to enter the working worldGet to grips with 与……争论，冲突；认真对待，应付Superior toBe in a bad moodParenting styles 为人父母之道:the parent as martyr, pal, police officer, teacher-counselor, athletic coachConsidering the lack of consensus about how to raise children today, it may seem very difficult t o single out styles of parenting. From one point of view there are many parenting styles as there are parents. Yet certain elements in relating to children can be broadly classified.Wait on their children or pick up after them 随时待命，跟在后面收拾烂摊子Nag sbCarry out the goals you setFeel guiltyCloseness between parent and childAdolescentAdopt a laissez-faire policy 放任自由Avoid the conflicts caused by generation gapJuvenile delinquency少年犯罪，heavy drug use，runaway behaviour runaway teenagers Obey all the rules at all timePunish their children for minor offencesAutocratic discipline 独断的惩戒Be associated withAdolescent peersThe autocratic policing just isn’t very effective in molding children’s valuesExpert power coercive or legitimate powerThe limits to this rich potentialAthletic-coach parenting incorporates综合aspects of the development point of viewBe confident to doEstablish team rules or house rulesThey enforce the appropriate penalties when rules are broken，but policing is not the primary concernBe willing to accept discipline to subordinate their own interests to服从于the needs of the family teamBe analogous to 与……相似Smack of tyranny 有……意味Unit 9I am filled with wonder when I consider the immeasurable contrast天壤之别between the two lives which it connectsThe eventful dayThe hurrying to and fro in the house / forward and backward往返地来回地Come forth 出现涌现I did not know what the future held，of marvel or surprise for me. Anger and bitterness had preyed upon / trouble me continually for weeks and a deep languor had succeeded this passionate struggle.Have you ever been at sea in a dense fog, when it seemed as if a tangible white darkness shut you in, and the great ship, tense and anxious, groped her way toward the shone with plummet and sounding-line, and had no way of knowing how near the harbour was? “Light! Give me light.”Was the wordless cry of my soul, and the light of love shone on me in that very hour.矛盾修辞：White darknessProud humilityOrderly chaosSweet and bitternessStretch out my hand to sbMore than all things else( more importantly)Reveal all things to meSucceed in doing sthI was flushed with childish pleasure and pride脸红；激动Have a tussle /argument over sthPersist in doing sth 坚持做某事In despair 绝望中Drop the subject for the time （give up the topic for the time being）At the first opportunity 一旦有机会Be impatient at sthI was keenly delighted when I felt the fragments of the broken doll at my feet. Neither sorrow nor regret followed my passionate outburst.Have a sense of satisfactionGush over sb/sth涌现Feel a misty consciousness as of something forgotten模糊意识In time （sooner or later）Each name gave birth to a new thoughtFeel my way to swhIt would have been difficult to find a happier child than I was as I lay in my crib at the close of 结束之后that eventful day and lived over 回忆重温the joys it had brought to me, and for the first time longed for a new day to comeAs far as sth is concerned 就……而言Resign oneself to doing （subject to doing）顺从屈从A nuclear catastropheGrow up in a strict puritanical communityPhysical abnormalityIn terms of 依据……Some hundreds of years 大约Have exceptional telepathic gifts 心灵感应Save sb from……免受……It turns out 结果是A person comes to know a familiar landscape like his own character, and that it becomes a part of oneselfTake morning walksRegardless of the weatherI truly have begun to see changes and beauty in nature that I missed before, and in doing so have been enriched. I have acquired an understanding of the wonders and beauty each new day brings, and what a gift it is to witness it.In winter solstice 冬至the summer solstice 夏至Unit11The origins of etiquette—the conventional rules of behavior and ceremonies observed in polite society—are complex. One of them is respect for authority.Show respect for the ruler/the throneBe raised in the air, haughty and remote 高高在上，遥不可及Protect sb from familiarity 超凡脱俗In the public eyeProvide an excellent example of a very highly developed system of etiquetteRelieve sb of his dressing gown 宽衣解带Hold sb in respectYet this public life was organized so minutely, with such a refinement of ceremonial, that the authority of the King and the respect in which he was held grew steadily throughout his lifetime. These were not familiarities, nor merely duties, but highly coveted privileges.At a function 在庆典上Rules of etiquette may prevent embarrassment and even serious disputes. The general rule of social precedence is that people of greater importance precede those of lesser importance. Establish the principleAs to sth 关于The main concern of sth is……In a prosperous community 在有钱人圈子里Consideration for the weak and respect for ageThe young always stood in the presence of older peopleIn one’s presenceCome into common useInconspicuously不引人注目地In accordance with a complicated code of etiquette Dedicate his valiant deeds to sbHave little influence onEscalate into 加剧/演变Comment onBe not in line withCoincide with符合；相一致Regret doing/ to doCause the public inconvenienceBlame sb for taking no actionSympathize with。
新世纪研一英语期末考试总结.doc
新世纪研一英语期末考试总结Unit 2 Text A1.Why won' t oil prices rise at all over the long time?Firstly, because producers need the cash from oil too much to let their supply be interrupted for long・ Secondly, and more important, because demand growth can't push prices upward as long as it is balanced by supply growth・2.Why can" t the members of the OPEC raise oil prices?Because if they do, non-OPEC sources will grab market share bydeveloping fields where technology has made production affordable ・3.Why have most majors cut their costs on oil?Because technology lets the companies maintain healthy earnings at steadily lower oil prices・4.Who takes a lead in the oil companies?Those that master technology and efficiency, such as Shell, Exxon, and British Petroleum.1.In the first year of peace, Lebanon' s GDP A. flew B.hovereed D・ decreasedC・ skates A. seized B・ snapped D. sneaked4.Although Chicago has better than some cities,unemployment remains a problem・ B. charged C・offered jobs D. provided welfare White this time. A. calculate B. rate C. consider B. ridicule C ・susceptible D. harmfulB. sensible C・ susceptible D. harmfulmore persuasively.A. Rather than C・ Less than D. Short forText B1.It in and out of ports, along our busiest highways andD. consist6. An evaporation system is used to heat from the sun and protect the shuttle" s electronics.A. squanderB. wasteC. accumulate of his own reflection.B. scornedC. affectedD. through our most crowded cities・C・ crawls A. gapedA. sneaksB. jerksC・ glared D. ogleB. pokedC. promptedD. prodded A. corralledC. ridD. confined A. stand B. persistrestrained8.This disparity in social attitudes is certainly reflected in the feelings held by retired people・A. ambiguousB. introvert D. elusive A. receipt B. prescription C・ menu has become a fashionable noon.A. ascending C・ declined D. weakeningUnit 61.What are the disadvantages of paper according to the author?Paper takes up precious space, can be in only one place at a time, is extremely hard to index or search through, and lacks all the interactivity and linking ability of hypertext.2.What are the major categories of files in an office?In the office, files can be mainly classified into hot files, documents to be acted on immediately; warm files, still active but of less urgency and cold files, documents that don，t need immediate attention.3.Why is it unpleasant to read something on a computer screen?Because there are such annoyances/disadvantages as therelatively fuzzy type, glare, the need to scroll repeatedly, the screen，s relatively fixed position and so forth.4.What are the essential problems in using computers in police departments?First, the police found they spent so much time dealing with the computer interface that they fell short in listening and talking to victims, an essential activity both for offering comfort and for picking up subtle clues to what exactly had happened. Second, the goal of prompt reporting was compromised by the fact that police kept revising their reports after filing them.5.What are the reasons for people" s chimera of going paperless according to theauthor?Firstly, people who can profit from the idea keep selling it to us. Secondly, all technologies come down to our trying to get what we want, what we desire・ Andmuch of what we desire comes down to taking control of our lives, doing what we please without being overwhelmed by what we don，t please・6.Why cannot computers replace paper in an office? (use your own words)First, paper has some hidden advantages over computers especially in the following three aspects 一reading, writing andpersonal satisfaction in delivery. Furthermore, computers can5t replace paper completely in some activities such as air-traffic control and writing up police reports.TEXT A task 2 ACABC BCDDA TEXT B task3 CBACA CBCDATEXT A1、Advocates of organic foods frequently that such products are safer and more nutritious than others ・B. denounce C・ pronounce D. renouncean opinion , T d say the plan needs closer examination.A.expose B・ elimination C・ D. export3.These photograghsthe essence of working-class life at the turn of the century.B.prescribeC. inscribeD. ascribeA. dominationB. C・ occupation D. regime5.Clarence had only a few memories of his grandparents・A. ambiguousB. bright C・ D. blur6.What he has achieved is an extraordinary feat that would be impossible toA. photocopy C. praise D. describeB. reduceC.D. recover7.He" s stopped taking drugs now, but he may A. resort8. A. Not often B. Virtually C. Rarely9. What is even more important is the fact that the astronauts' photographs have many things not evident at close range ・ A. ventured B. uploaded C ・ declared D.10. The of the troops on the battlefield id of paramountimportance.characterC ・ dismissal D. recruitingText B1. In particular, the relationship isbecomingincreasinglyby the issue of anti-missile defence. A. endangered B. bewildered2. The universe offers nosimplifications; onlyand infinite variety.sophistication3. The news of the wedding all over the morning papers.B. crowdedC. attractedD. imposed4. Perhaps you should before sending in the report.evaluate5. The daily news stories of the worsening economy6. She allowed her steady gaze to from the glass which she D.D. offended such categories or A. ambiguityB.C ・ vibration D. A. cutB. twistC.D.A. B. threated C. irritated D. enlightenedhad been holding for hours・A. shine brightlyB. shine dimly C・ 7. Self-awareness of roles and of the feelings evoked in interpersonal encounters is increasingly critical for the entrepreneu匚A. confidentB. C・ courageous D. open-mindedetimes unexpectedly difficult to achieve・A. rely onB. be confident in C・ D. adjust to9.What we" ve got here is a proposal that still needs a great deal of work.A. mediumB. uncreative C・ unclear For the next four years they defied by living as man and wife when they were not.A. B. commitment C・ relation D. realityUnit7 Text A1.Why is competition destructive according to the author? (para. 3)According to the author, competition is destructive because it , 2. What are the purposes of the games devised or collected by Orlick and others? (para. 6)The idea of the games devised or collected by Orlick andothers is for each person on the field to make to the goal, orfor all the3.What is the difference between teamwork and team competition? (para・ 8)The difference between teamwork and team competition is that in teamwork everyone on the field is for a common goal, while in team competition a given player and is encouraged to toward4.Why do most kinds of fun require competition? (para. 10, 11, 12)a)First of all, people or people have never tasted the alternative.b)Secondly, we overlook the psychological costs of competition: it causes self-doubt and feelings of self-worth become dependent on external sources of evaluation.5.Who is to blame for competition?It isthe practice races・A. got outB. taking away D. driving away2.One of the major flaws in the existing system is that the prosecutor has immunity A. useful C・ harmless D. cheerful uncritically and unquestioning!y. B・ confine C. fixD. limit4.Roberts' poor physical condition combined with injuriesprevented him from playing more than 51 games in the past four seasons. B. following C・ complaining D. accompanying5.Constant correction by a teacher is often as the student may become afraid to speak at all.A.evilB. not productive D. hurting evident in men than women: balding.A. praised C・ felt sorry for D. expressed great pleasure out about the plot.A. goodB. suitable C・ fit8.It， s a story of a harmful A ・state of movement B. political force D. social system9.Gandhi rejects claims made concerning the superior or inferior status of religions.A. overall C. obscure D. ambiguous for everyone ・A. graveB. sorrowful D. pitifulText B1. To put a kid like Delia in eight-hour isolation for accepting a cigarette from a friend A. ridiculous troublesome D.C. controversial C. evidentD. urgent A. margin B. fringe D. progressionA. secret corner C・ easy stage D. impressive circumstance women.A. respectiveB. hidden D. particular years and uncertain appetite・A. educationB. conduct C・ modestycannot be promised here, though a perspective is taken on literary stylistics in addressing science fiction.A. fragmentalB. critical D. insightfulobservers suggest that this transfer has had mainly effects on the population concerned.A. insupportableB. horrible C・ advanced the interests of Power.A. attributed C. attached D. spentuniversity the club for two years, during which it could not hold social or athletic activities. B・ hung C. hamstrung D・ controlledUintlO Text A1.What is the writer^ attitude in t he sentence “The drive for dominance skews our perception, colors our friendships, shapes our moods and affects our health"? (para. 2)The author takes a negative attitude. Usually, the verbs color, shape and affect are neutral in indicating meanings, but in this context they express negative meanings.2.How do you understand the sentence “If the tendency showed up only in certain societies, it would be easier to dismiss as something we learn"? (para. 4)If the relentless one-upmanship was only limited within very few sample groups, it could be easily neglected because we could only regard that as an exception.3.In which way do zoologists support the anthropological point on the biologically endowed one-upmanship?Anthropologists point out that the same pattern can be seen everywhere while the zoologists show a wide variety of animals inferior and superior which illustrate the same pattern too.4.What are the differences between men being powerful and powerless?Men who achieve high status enjoy more sex with more partners whereas men who are just unemployed may lose their marriages as well as self-esteem.5.In which ways are modern men the same as, and alsodifferent from Genghis Khan?Modern men are the same as Genghis Khan in that they all strive for high status, but different in that modem men tend to rule by consent and try to avoid fighting.6.Do males always have to fight for power? Why or why not?Not necessarily, for the most durable leaders are the ones who govern by consent and try to avoid fighting・1.The man a great fortune during the war, but later lostall of it almost overnight. (ansSheetl) B. obtained C・ made D・got2.Ten federal researchers were listed as contributors, but seven of them quickly A. refused B・ refuted C ・confused3.Industrial labor was at last being , water supplies purified, hospitals sanitized and prisons reformed.A. changedB. consideredC. fixed4.The investment remains beyond reach for many, butthe choices today are much A. controversial B. dirty C・ flexibleA. decision C. action D. conditionwhite sandy beaches and clean water.odds with other government objectives・A. go into C. strive for D. carry out8. First introduced in 1989, Adopt-a-Pet aims to highlight the plight of animals and encourage more responsible pet ownership.A. broken C・ run-down D. stolen him・B. planning C・ ordering D. arguing B. outset C・ succeeded D. wonText B1 ・ Clinton also asked Glickman to report back within 30 days with recommendations B. reduce C・release D. issue A. taking a risk C・ interference D.over-enthusiasm3.Then, too, repeated visits to cultural monuments doubtless palled in time, natural A. ove「provision B. over-arrangements D・over-invitation but Democrats wanted two years.A. carefully chosen C・ elected by Party membersD. promoted by Party leaders A. resolute determination B.broad smile C. firm grasp A. letting you swallow your tears B. recording you in writing D. telling you to leave the dinner tablepeople attach to working on the land.A. deep feeling of losing face BC.part of flower in their cropD. technique to treat the part of flower8. At decision-making time these consequences are simply left unmentioned, allowing organizational leaders to surprise when qualitative costs finally assert themselves.A. give a false appearance ofB. to show a false impression on afalse speech of A. fails in C・collapses in D. declines in of a different element whose atomic mass was lower.A. changing in their formB. changing in their characterC・ changing themselves betterUnit 13 Text A1.How many credit cards does the average American have?4.2.What is a "sub-prime" borrower?People who have a bad credit history・3.What were the spending habits of people in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?People regarded debt in a very negative way. They always tried to pay off their debts in a timely manner.4.How has credit card spending changed in the United States since the 1960s? In the 1960s most borrowers paid off their credit card balances monthly. Since then, many people have amassed credit card debt.local secondary modern school.C. oasisA. harbor B・ heavenperformance and appearance of existing automobiles.A. polish up C・ mark up D・ prop up punishment, but I refused.B. emotion C・ qualificationD.indulgence unkindness is just as real.A. situationB. disagreement D. distrust5.Her eyebrow had received the blow from the torch and had begun to throb; she A. stick C・ release D.leak6.You should not tell your client to expect that they will automatically experience an A. averting B. avoidance C・advertence it as a force that human can no longer control.A.fugitiveB. violent D. overwhelming doctors and businessmen.B.selected C・ efficient D. powerful place in the structure.A. fierce E. vigorous C. energetic 10. His friendship with Fujimori gives him unusual access to a president with a tiny A. desire C・ hope D. wishText B a stable banking system.A.crush C. crackle D. noiseA. operationB. commerce D. actionA. bear C. behold D. observe and practice ・A. balanceB. distributionC. spendingB. contribute C・ maintain D. impose6.Any application for such extension of contract period shall be made six monthsA. departureB. exhalation D. inspiration7.If you work in a company, you usually don，t have to go to the tax bureau because B. deduce C. derive D. discountA. differenceB. challengeC. collisionA. wedgeB. withdraw D. fastenA. stalkB. shimmy C・ elusionUnit2 The New Economics of OilThe article aims at establishing the idea that oil price will not rise even as demand soars. To begin with, the author shows the increasing consumption of oil around the world and the impact of technology on oil industry. By giving several examples, he draws the conclusion that the need for cash and dependence on technology leads to the fact that oil prices will even fall. Furthermore, technological updating, slashing the costs of finding, producing, and refining oil, is also a reason to support the author^ point. There is evidence that technology lets the world companies maintain healthy earnings at lower oil prices・ In conclusion, cheap oil accelerates the world economy, and a downside price scenario is increasingly likely.Unit6 The myth of the paperless officeThe author states at the beginning of the article that despite the emergence of technologies and the prediction of paperless office by many people for several decades, we still rely heavily on paper in our daily lives・ Then he uses his own analysis and what Sellen and Harper have discovered as his proof to illustrate why human beings still cannot stop using pape匚By citing Sellen and Harper's description of the layout of files on a typical desk in an office , the author illustrates that paper has some hidden advantages over computers , especially in the following threeaspects 一reading, writing an d personal satisfaction in delivery . Furthermore, he analyzes two activities ——air-traffic control and writing up police reports studied by Sellen and Harper, in which computers can，t re place paper completely・ Then he suggests two reasons for such a chimera as paperless office, and finally, states that at least for now paperless office lo oks both unlikely and pointless・Unit7 Competition Is DestructiveBy using the game of musical chairs, the author illustrates that competition is destructive not only in our daily work but also in entertainments. It is important and possible to change the form of the game by way of turning an opponent into a partner: Everyone on the field can work together for a common goal (teamwork) instead of competing with each other (team competition). Cooperative games and sports providesatisfaction and challenge without competition. The reason that a large number of people insist that we carft do without win/lose activities are that they don't know any other way and that they overlook the psychological costs of competition and the toxic effect of competition on our relations. Competition is not conducive to trust and it may lead one to look at others through narrowed eyes and even invite outright aggression. We areinclined to blame individuals for all this, but it is the structure of the game itself which causes competition.To solve the problem of competition, we need to be teaching our children how to enjoy themselves without competition.UnitlO Why We Strive for StatusBy citing the example of Genghis Khan, the writer states that males are persistent status seekers・ The drive for sex and power is biologically rooted in male，s nervous system, so that males are more competitive than females at any age and in all societies. But the evolutionists believe that natural selection pushes males to strive for dominance・ The writer also points out that powerlessness usually leads to both psychological and physical problems for men as well as male animals. However, men are not so much anguished over the hierarchies. They tend to settle down to a certain stratified society and look for other satisfactions. The writer finally warns that power cannot be abused and dominance must be balanced by consent.Unit 13 Giving Credit Where Debt Is DueBy citing the film It，s a Wonderful Life, the writer introduces the topic and the thesis statement: misplacing bank funds may plunge a family into debt. However, being in debt is nolonger a scandal or puts one into prison, but is a very cool thing. Then the author explains the reasons for the popularity of credit card debt: Consumers are involved in the annual rite of the holiday spending binge; People don" t have to woiTy about debt because banks are now relentlessly encouraging the use of credit cards so that even bankruptcy doesn，t stop the borrowing of money from banks; Debt makes people unconscious of the purchasing process and makes them into debt for small things like a bottle of champagne or a new wardrobe; Americans are ready to take a new look at debt: debt is no longer something to be ashamed of as it was for the generation that came of age during the Great Depression. Lastly the author points out that several credit card companies have taken a financial beating because of the sharply rising charge-offs for bad credit card debt. The solution to the problem is to make consumers think it wise to lighten their debt loads and try to rid themselves of personal debt.。
一英语期末总结
一英语期末总结As the end of the semester approaches, it is time for me to reflect on my English journey and the progress I have made. English has always been a challenging subject for me, but with determination and hard work, I have seen significant improvement in my language skills.To begin with, I have developed a deeper understanding of grammar rules and sentence structure. When I first started learning English, I struggled with verb tenses and sentence formation. However, through continuous practice, I have learned to use the appropriate tense and construct sentences that are grammatically correct. This has greatly improved my writing, as I am now able to express my thoughts and ideas more clearly and concisely.Moreover, my vocabulary has grown extensively throughout the semester. I have actively engaged in activities to expand my repertoire of words, such as reading books, watching movies, and participating in vocabulary-building exercises. As a result, I have noticed an improvement in my reading and listening skills. I am now able to comprehend complex texts and understand native speakers more easily. Additionally, I am more confident in using a wider range of vocabulary in my speaking and writing tasks.Furthermore, this semester has given me the opportunity to enhance my communication skills. English is not my first language, so speaking fluently and effectively has always been a challenge for me. However, my English teacher has provided various interactive activities and presentations that have allowed me to practice speaking in a supportive environment. I have also joined a language exchange program where I communicate with native English speakers. These experiences have boosted my confidence, and I am now able to express myself more confidently and articulately.In addition to language skills, I have learned important study skills and strategies that have helped me become a more efficient learner. I have learned how to manage my time effectively and organize my study materials. I have also developed techniques for active reading and note-taking, which have significantly improved my comprehension and retention of information. Furthermore, I have learned to set realistic goals for myself and break down tasks into smaller, manageable parts. These study skills will not only benefit me in English but also in my other subjects.In terms of cultural understanding, I have gained significant insight into different English-speaking cultures. Throughout the semester, we have analyzed various literary works, watched movies, and discussed different societal norms and values. These activities have broadened my horizons and provided me with a better understanding of the diversity and richness of English-speaking countries. This knowledge will be invaluable as I continue to explore different cultures and interact with people from around the world.Lastly, I want to express my gratitude to my English teacher for her guidance and support throughout the semester. Her enthusiasm and passion for the subject have inspired me to work harder and strive for excellence. She has provided constructive feedback on myassignments and encouraged me to continuously improve. I am truly fortunate to have had such a dedicated and caring teacher.In conclusion, this semester of English has been a journey of growth and development for me. I have seen significant progress in my language skills, study habits, and cultural understanding. I am now more confident in my ability to communicate effectively in English, whether it be through writing, speaking, or listening. Moving forward, I will continue to build on the foundation I have established this semester and strive to further enhance my English proficiency.。
期末总结英文题目
期末总结英文题目IntroductionThe final semester has come to an end, marking the completion of another challenging academic year. Throughout the semester, I have taken various courses, engaged in extracurricular activities, and experienced personal growth. This summary aims to reflect on my achievements, highlight my academic progress, and outline the valuable lessons learned during this period.Academic Achievements1. Outstanding performance in the courses:One of the key achievements of this semester was excelling in the courses I undertook. I dedicated considerable time and effort to studying, participating in class discussions, and completing assignments. As a result, I consistently achieved high grades. This accomplishment was a testament to my commitment to academic excellence.2. Development of critical thinking skills:The challenges posed by the semester further developed my critical thinking skills. The rigorous coursework necessitated analyzing complex concepts, synthesizing information, and formulating thoughtful arguments. Through this process, I learned to approach problems from various perspectives, enhancing my ability to think critically.3. Improved time management:The semester required juggling multiple responsibilities, including coursework, projects, and other commitments. To effectively manage my time, I developed a comprehensive schedule and adhered to it diligently. This newfound skill enabled me to complete tasks efficiently and meet deadlines without compromising the quality of my work.Extracurricular Activities1. Active participation in student organizations:I actively engaged in various student organizations during this semester. These extracurricular activities provided opportunities to connect with like-minded individuals, develop leadership qualities, and contribute to the campus community. Additionally, participating in events and initiatives organized by these organizations broadened my horizons and enriched my university experience.2. Volunteering for community service:Giving back to the community played a significant role in my overall growth during this semester. I volunteered for several community service programs, including tutoring disadvantaged children and assisting in environmental conservation projects. Theseexperiences not only allowed me to make a positive impact but also strengthened my empathy, social skills, and sense of responsibility.Personal Growth1. Enhanced interpersonal skills:The semester provided ample opportunities to interact with peers, professors, and professionals. Through group projects, presentations, and networking events, I developed my interpersonal skills, such as effective communication, active listening, and collaboration. These skills are essential not only for academic success but also for professional development.2. Increased self-confidence:As I accomplished academic milestones, engaged in extracurricular activities, and overcame challenges, my self-confidence soared. Embracing new experiences and taking initiative propelled me to step out of my comfort zone and explore new territories. This newfound confidence will undoubtedly be invaluable throughout my personal and professional life.Lessons Learned1. Persistence is key to success:The most significant lesson I learned this semester was the importance of persistence. At times, academic or personal challenges seemed overwhelming, and it would have been easy to give up. However, I realized that perseverance is essential to overcome obstacles and achieve meaningful goals. By staying committed and persevering, I was able to tackle difficult tasks and emerge stronger.2. Embrace failure as a learning opportunity:Throughout the semester, I encountered setbacks and experienced failures. However, I learned to view these experiences as valuable lessons rather than insurmountable barriers. Failure provided an opportunity for introspection, skill improvement, and personal growth.I now understand that setbacks are an inevitable part of life and embracing them can lead to greater resilience and success.ConclusionAs I reflect on the final semester, I am proud of my academic achievements, personal growth, and the valuable lessons learned. It was a period of immense growth, where I honed my skills, expanded my horizons, and discovered my strengths. The challenges faced and conquered during this semester have prepared me for my future endeavors. I am excited to build upon these accomplishments and tackle new challenges as I continue on my academic journey.。
研一期末英语作文模板
研一期末英语作文模板英文回答：In the tapestry of academic pursuits, the first year of graduate study holds a pivotal place. It is a time of both exploration and refinement, as we delve deeper into our chosen fields and begin to forge our own unique paths. Asthe first semester draws to a close, it is an opportune moment to reflect on our experiences thus far and to contemplate the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead.The first year of graduate school has been a period of intense intellectual stimulation and personal growth. Through coursework, research, and collaborations with peers and professors, I have expanded my knowledge base and developed a deeper understanding of my research interests. The challenges I have encountered have pushed me to think critically, to challenge assumptions, and to seek out new perspectives. The opportunities I have been afforded have allowed me to present my work at conferences, to engage ininterdisciplinary dialogue, and to connect with scholars in my field.While the first year has been rewarding, it has also been demanding. The workload has been heavy, and the pressure to succeed has been constant. I have had to learn to manage my time effectively, to prioritize tasks, and to seek support from my peers and mentors when needed. The stress of graduate school has also taken a toll on my physical and mental health, and I have had to make conscious efforts to maintain a healthy work-life balance.As I look ahead to the second year of graduate school, I am filled with both excitement and trepidation. I am eager to continue my research, to delve even deeper into my chosen field, and to contribute to the broader scholarly community. However, I am also aware that the challengeswill only intensify, and I will need to continue to develop my resilience, adaptability, and time management skills.In order to succeed in the second year of graduate school, I plan to focus on the following strategies:Time management: I will continue to refine my time management skills by setting priorities, creating arealistic schedule, and sticking to it as much as possible.Collaboration: I will seek out opportunities to collaborate with peers and professors, as this can be a valuable way to learn from others, to get feedback on my work, and to develop new ideas.Self-care: I will prioritize my physical and mental health by exercising regularly, eating healthily, and getting enough sleep. I will also take time for activities that I enjoy, such as reading, spending time with friends and family, and pursuing hobbies.Mentorship: I will continue to seek guidance from my mentors, as they can provide valuable advice, support, and encouragement.I am confident that by employing these strategies, I can navigate the challenges of the second year of graduateschool and continue to make progress towards my academic and career goals.中文回答：研一期末英语作文模板。
单科英语的期末总结400
单科英语的期末总结400English is a very important subject that students must study in school. In this semester, I have learned a lot of knowledge related to English, and I have also improved my skills in listening, speaking, reading, and writing.Firstly, in terms of listening, I have learned how to understand native speakers better. The teacher often played audio clips of native English speakers, and we had to listen carefully and answer questions about the content. I found it challenging at first because the speakers spoke quickly and used idioms and slang. However, with practice and the help of the teacher, I gradually improved my listening skills. Now, I can understand more conversations and speeches in English.Secondly, speaking is also an important aspect of English learning. I have participated in class discussions, presentations, and debates to improve my speaking skills. These activities helped me become more confident in expressing my ideas in English. I learned how to organize my thoughts and present them clearly and fluently. The teacher also encouraged us to practice speaking outside of the classroom, such as having conversations with classmates or watching English movies without subtitles. These activities have significantly enhanced my speaking ability.Next, in terms of reading, I have read various English texts, such as short stories, articles, and novels. The teacher often assigned us readings and asked us to analyze and interpret the texts. This exercise improved my reading comprehension and vocabulary. I learned how to identify main ideas, infer meanings from context, and understand complex sentence structures. I also discovered the importance of reading regularly to expand my knowledge and improve my language skills.Lastly, writing is a skill that requires continuous practice. Throughout the semester, I have written essays, summaries, and creative pieces. The teacher provided helpful feedback to improve my writing skills. I learned how to structure an essay, develop coherent paragraphs, and use appropriate vocabulary and grammar. I also learned the importance of editing and proofreading my work to eliminate errors. Writing regularly has helped me become more proficient in expressing my ideas in written English.Overall, this semester has been a valuable learning experience for me in English. I have learned a lot of new knowledge, improved my listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills.I am grateful for the guidance and support from my teacher and classmates. English is no longer just a subject for me; it has become a vital tool that will benefit me in my future studies and career. I will continue to practice and improve my English skills to become a proficient English speaker.。
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Unit 2 Text A1.Why won’t oil prices rise at all over the long time?Firstly, because producers need the cash from oil too much to let their supply be interrupted for long. Secondly，and more important, because demand growth can't push prices upward as long as it is balanced by supply growth.2.Why can’t the members of the OPEC raise oil prices?Because if they do，non-OPEC sources will grab market share by developing fields where technology has made production affordable.3.Why have most majors cut their costs on oil?Because technology lets the companies maintain healthy earnings at steadily lower oil prices.4.Who takes a lead in the oil companies?Those that master technology and efficiency, such as Shell, Exxon, and British Petroleum.1. In the first year of peace, Lebanon’s GDP soared by almost 40%.A. flewB. hovereed C increased D. decreased2. SAIC’s previous skirmishes with investigators had attracted little attention.A. conflictsB. strugglesC. skatesD. arguments3. The boy grabbed hold of my bag and disappeared quickly into the crowd.A. seizedB. snappedC. snatchedD. sneaked4. Although Chicago has fared better than some cities, unemployment remains a problem.A. got onB. chargedC. offered jobsD. provided welfare5. The dwarfs were devastated, because they could not figure out how to save Snow White this time.A. calculateB. rateC. considerD. decide6. His distrust of the power of critics made him ready to gibe at Divid Sylvester.A. laughB. ridiculeC. susceptibleD. harmful7. Children are most vulnerable to abuse within their own home.B. sensibleC. susceptibleD. harmfulmore persuasively.A. Rather thanB. Other thanC. Less thanD. Short forText B1. It snakes in and out of ports, along our busiest highways and through our most crowded cities.A. sneaksB. jerksC. crawlsD. travels2. She adjusted her glasses and peered at the man.A. gapedB. gazedC. glaredD. ogle3. Southeast winds nudged the oil slick onto the shore.A. pushedB. pokedC. promptedD. prodded4. My house had been tethered to a post, but somehow it escaped.A. corralledB. tiedC. ridD. confined5. The bridge is built to withstand an earthquake of 8.3 magnitudes.A. standB. persistC. resistD. consist6. An evaporation system is used to dissipate heat from the sun and protect the shuttle’s electronics.A. squanderB. wasteC. accumulateD. disperse7. Narcissus was a young man who spurned the nymph Echo and became enamoured of his own reflection.A. refusedB. scornedC. affectedD. restrained8. This disparity in social attitudes is certainly reflected in the ambivalent feelings held by retired people.A. ambiguousB. introvertC. conflictingD. elusive9. Commercial sauerkraut is very salty so there is no additional salt in the recipe.A. receiptB. prescriptionC. menuD. formula10. Ratail sales of the quintessential red meats are plummeting, whilst vegetarianism has become a fashionable norm.A. ascendingB. decreasingC. declinedD. weakeningUnit 61.What are the disadvantages of paper according to the author?Paper takes up precious space, can be in only one place at a time, is extremely hard to index or search through, and lacks all the interactivity and linking ability of hypertext.2.What are the major categories of files in an office?In the office, files can be mainly classified into hot files, documents to be acted on immediately; warm files, still active but of less urgency and cold files, documents that don't need immediate attention.3.Why is it unpleasant to read something on a computer screen?Because there are such annoyances/disadvantages as the relatively fuzzy type, glare, the need to scroll repeatedly, the screen's relatively fixed position and so forth.4.What are the essential problems in using computers in police departments?First, the police found they spent so much time dealing with the computer interface that they fell short in listening and talking to victims, an essential activity both for offering comfort and for picking up subtle clues to what exactly had happened. Second, the goal of prompt reporting was compromised by the fact that police kept revising their reports after filing them.5.What are the reason s for people’s chimera of going paperless according to theauthor?Firstly, people who can profit from the idea keep selling it to us. Secondly, all technologies come down to our trying to get what we want, what we desire. Andmuch of what we desire comes down to taking control of our lives, doing what we please without being overwhelmed by what we don't please.6.Why cannot computers replace paper in an office? (use your own words)First, paper has some hidden advantages over computers especially in the following three aspects — reading, writing and personal satisfaction in delivery.Furthermore, computers can't replace paper completely in some activities such as air-traffic control and writing up police reports.TEXT A task 2 ACABC BCDDA TEXT B task 3 CBACA CBCDATEXT A1，Advocates of organic foods frequently proclaim that such products are safer and more nutritious than others.A. announceB. denounceC. pronounceD. renounce2, If I may venture an opinion , I’d say the plan needs closer examination.A. exposeB. eliminationC. expressD. export3. These photograghs capture the essence of working-class life at the turn of the century.A. describeB. prescribeC. inscribeD. ascribe4. There was a preponderance of female teachers in the English department.A. dominationB. dominanceC. occupationD. regime5. Clarence had only a few fuzzy memories of his grandparents.A. ambiguousB. brightC. obscureD. blur6. What he has achieved is an extraordinary feat that would be impossible to duplicate.A. photocopyB. equalC. praiseD. describe7. He’s stopped taking drugs now, but he may rever t to taking them again.A. resortB. reduceC. restoreD. recover8. As often as not, people tend to scream under such circumstances.A. Not oftenB. VirtuallyC. RarelyD. Quite often9. What is even more important is the fact that the as tronauts’ photographs have uncovered many things not evident at close range.A. venturedB. uploadedC. declaredD. revealed10. The disposition of the troops on the battlefield id of paramount importance.A. arrangementB. characterC. dismissalD. recruitingText B1. In particular, the relationship is becoming increasingly bedeviled by the issue of anti-missile defence.A. endangeredB. bewilderedC. plaguedD. offended2. The universe offers no such categories or simplifications; only flux and infinite variety.A. ambiguityB. changeC. vibrationD. sophistication3. The news of the wedding was plastered all over the morning papers.A. coveredB. crowdedC. attractedD. imposed4. Perhaps you should tweak that line or paragraph that throws the structure off before sending in the report.A. cutB. twistC. reviseD. evaluate5. The daily news stories of the worsening economy unnerved the nation.A. discouragedB. threatedC. irritatedD. enlightened6. She allowed her steady gaze to flicker from the glass which she had been holding for hours.A. shine brightlyB. shine dimlyC. shine unsteadilyD. shine pleasantly7. Self-awareness of roles and of the feelings evoked in interpersonal encounters is increasingly critical for the nimble entrepreneur.A. confidentB. agileC. courageousD. open-minded8. I have always tried to live by my faith but it’s som etimes unexpectedly difficult to achieve.A. rely onB. be confident inC. act onD. adjust to9. What we’ve got here is a half-baked proposal that still needs a great deal of work.A. mediumB. uncreativeC. unclearD. unthoughtful10. For the next four years they defied convention by living as man and wife when they were not.A. traditionB. commitmentC. relationD. realityUnit7 Text A1. Why is competition destructive according to the author? (para. 3)According to the author, competition is destructive because it undermines self-esteem ，poisons relationships and holds us back from doing our best.2. What are the purposes of the games devised or collected by Orlick and others? (para. 6)The idea of the games devised or collected by Orlick and others is for each person on the field to make a specified contribution to the goal, or for all the players to reach a certain score, or for everyone to work with their partners against a time limit.3. What is the difference between teamwork and team competition? (para. 8)The difference between teamwork and team competition is that in teamwork everyone on the field is working together for a common goal, while in team competition a given player works with and is encouraged to feel warmly toward only half of those present.4. Why do most kinds of fun require competition? (para. 10, 11, 12)a) First of all, people don't know any other way or people have never tasted the alternative.b) Secondly, we overlook the psychological costs of competition:it causes self-doubt and feelings of self-worth become dependent on external sources of evaluation.5. Who is to blame for competition?It is the structure of the game itself that is to blame rather than the individuals,since it sets competition at the very beginning.1. She has been eliminated from the swimming race because she did not win any of the practice races.A. got outB. taking awayC. got rid ofD. driving away2. One of the major flaws in the existing system is that the prosecutor has immunity from law suits claiming malicious prosecution.A. usefulB. spitefulC. harmlessD. cheerful3. They define a good patient as one who accepts their statements and their actions uncritically and unquestioningly.A. characterizeB. confineC. fixD. limit4. Roberts’ poor physical condition combined with nagging injuries prevented him from playing more than 51 games in the past four seasons.A. troublingB. followingC. complainingD. accompanying5. Constant correction by a teacher is often counterproductive, as the student may become afraid to speak at all.A. evilB. not productiveC. unfavorableD. hurting6. For centuries we women have gloated over the one negative aspect of aging more evident in men than women: balding.A. praisedB. felt maliciously satisfied withC. felt sorry forD. expressed great pleasure7. In the conductive atmosphere around the fort, General Bradley immediately found out about the plot.A. goodB. suitableC. fitD. favorable8. It’s a story of a harmful dynamic between white prejudice and black autonomy.A .state of movement B. political forceC. competing or conflicting systemD. social system9. Gandhi rejects outright claims made concerning the superior or inferior status of religions.A. overallB. directC. obscureD. ambiguous10. My first boss was a really nasty person, who seemed to enjoy making life difficult for everyone.A. graveB. sorrowfulC. uglyD. pitifulText B1. To put a kid like Delia in eight-hour isolation for accepting a cigarette from a friend is bizarre and outrageous.A. ridiculousB. violentC. troublesomeD. controversial2. Depression remains one of the most prevalent health disorders in the US.A. commonB. seriousC. evidentD. urgent3. The next version of the software will have the edge over its competitors.A. marginB. fringeC. advantageD. progression4. He's managed to create a niche for himself in local politics.A. secret cornerB. right positionC. easy stageD. impressive circumstance5. There is nothing in the intrinsic nature of the work that makes it more suitable for women.A. respectiveB. hiddenC. essentialD. particular6. She addressed her young guest with civilities suitable for a personage of advanced years and uncertain appetite.A. educationB. conductC. modestyD. politeness7.That cannot be promised here, though a holistic perspective is taken on literary stylistics in addressing science fiction.A. fragmentalB. criticalC. overallD. insightful8.Many observers suggest that this transfer has had mainly adverse effects on the population concerned.A. insupportableB. horribleC. advancedD. unfavorable9. Instead, justice is a commodity designed by a hierarchy of judges still dedicated to the interests of Power.A. attributedB. devotedC. attachedD. spent10.The university suspended the club for two years, during which it could not hold social or athletic activities.A. stoppedB. hungC. hamstrungD. controlledUint10 Text A1. What is the writer's attitude in the sentence "The drive for dominance skews our perception, colors our friendships, shapes our moods and affects our health"? (para. 2)The author takes a negative attitude. Usually, the verbs color, shape and affect are neutral in indicating meanings, but in this context they express negative meanings.2. How do you understand the sentence "If the tendency showed up only in certain societies, it would be easier to dismiss as something we learn"? (para. 4) If the relentless one-upmanship was only limited within very few sample groups, it could be easily neglected because we could only regard that as an exception.3. In which way do zoologists support the anthropological point on the biologically endowed one-upmanship?Anthropologists point out that the same pattern can be seen everywhere while the zoologists show a wide variety of animals inferior and superior which illustrate the same pattern too.4. What are the differences between men being powerful and powerless?Men who achieve high status enjoy more sex with more partners whereas men who are just unemployed may lose their marriages as well as self-esteem.5. In which ways are modern men the same as, and also different from Genghis Khan?Modern men are the same as Genghis Khan in that they all strive for high status, but different in that modern men tend to rule by consent and try to avoid fighting.6. Do males always have to fight for power? Why or why not?Not necessarily,for the most durable leaders are the ones who govern by consen t and try to avoid fighting.1. The man amassed a great fortune during the war, but later lost all of it almost overnight. (ansSheet1)A. collectedB. obtainedC. madeD. got2. Ten federal researchers were listed as contributors, but seven of them quickly disavowed any connection with it.A. refusedB. refutedC. confusedD. denied3. Industrial labor was at last being regulated，water supplies purified, hospitals sanitized and prisons reformed.A. changedB. consideredC. fixedD. controlled4. The investment remains beyond reach for many, but the choices today are much broader and more viable than 10 years ago.A. controversialB. dirtyC. flexibleD. feasible5. There is no resolution to this conflict and two sides seem to go to war.A. decisionB. disagreementC. actionD. condition6. The small island is now visited by millions of tourists for its natural endowments of white sandy beaches and clean water.A. donationsB. qualificationsC. giftsD. quantities7. Indeed, the logic of commercialism may lead the enterprise to pursue activities at odds with other government objectives.A. go intoB. run afterC. strive forD. carry out8. First introduced in 1989, Adopt-a-Pet aims to highlight the plight of abandoned animals and encourage more responsible pet ownership.A. brokenB. desertedC. run-downD. stolen9. As the King got older, he became convinced that his family were scheming against him.A. plottingB. planningC. orderingD. arguing10. The Chinese football team outscored its opponent by two balls.A. overcameB. outsetC. succeededD. wonText B1. Clinton also asked Glickman to report back within 30 days with recommendations to help alleviate debt problems afflicting cattle producers.A. easeB. reduceC. releaseD. issue2. There was plenty to do on your own doorstep-to look further was a cop-out.A. taking a riskB. avoiding responsibilityC. interferenceD.over-enthusiasm3. Then, too, repeated visits to cultural monuments doubtless palled in time, natural curiosity withered by sheer surfeit.A. over-provisionB. over-arrangementsC. over-doingD.over-invitation4. For example, Wilson wanted new recipients to be eligible for aid for only one year, but Democrats wanted two years.A. carefully chosenB. qualified to be chosenC. elected by Party membersD. promoted by Party leaders5. It's up to him to show some grit in an uncertain world.A. resolute determinationB. broad smileC. firm graspD. firm courage6. You can tell me if there's anything that's worrying you or getting you down.A. letting you swallow your tearsB. recording you in writingC. making you depressedD. telling you to leave the dinner table7. Farmers still have the problem of overcoming the stigma which all too often young people attach to working on the land.A. deep feeling of losing faceB. deep feeling of being humiliatedC. part of flower in their cropD. technique to treat the part of flower8. At decision-making time these consequences are simply left unmentioned, allowing organizational leaders to feign surprise when qualitative costs finally assert themselves.A. give a false appearance ofB. to show a false impression onC. pretend a false appearance ofD.deliver a false speech of9. Anything less than this is a measure of the extent to which the research falls short of scientific standards.A. fails inB. is less thanC. collapses inD. declines in10. The second was that its atoms of uranium were transmuting themselves into atoms of a different element whose atomic mass was lower.A. changing in their formB. changing in their characterC. changing themselves betterD. changing themselves completelyUnit 13 Text A1.How many credit cards does the average American have?4.2.What is a "sub-prime" borrower?People who have a bad credit history.3.What were the spending habits of people in the nineteenth and earlytwentieth centuries?People regarded debt in a very negative way. They always tried to pay off their debts in a timely manner.4.How has credit card spending changed in the United States since the 1960s?In the 1960s most borrowers paid off their credit card balances monthly.Since then, many people have amassed credit card debt.1. For these the primary schools provided a gentle haven before they transferred to the local secondary modern school.A. harborB. heavenC. oasisD. sanctuary2. It also makes specialty parts and accessories, which can be used to spruce up the performance and appearance of existing automobiles.A. polish upB. smarten upC. mark upD. prop up3. I knew that faking the tears would make her get a sense of gratification and end the punishment, but I refused.A. satisfactionB. emotionC. qualificationD. indulgence4. The stigma may not result from associating her language with ignorance, but the unkindness is just as real.A. situationB. disagreementC. disgraceD. distrust5. Her eyebrow had received the blow from the torch and had begun to throb; she could feel a trickle of blood.A. stickB. movementC. releaseD. leak6. You should not tell your client to expect that they will automatically experience an aversion response to the imagery of drinking.A. avertingB. avoidanceC. advertenceD. antipathy7. Some economists are now predicting the danger of runaway inflation and they see it as a force that human can no longer control.A. fugitiveB. violentC. uncontrolledD. overwhelming8. Anyone who studied at the college joined an elite band of well-connected lawyers, doctors and businessmen.A. excellentB. selectedC. efficientD. powerful9. Liz had a more robust notion of the self, and took another line on the individual's place in the structure.A. fierceB. vigorousC. energeticD. potent10. His friendship with Fujimori gives him unusual access to a president with a tiny circle of advisers and a penchant for secrecy.A. desireB. preferenceC. hopeD. wishText B1. Firstly, we need to ease the problems of cash shortage and credit crunch to maintaina stable banking system.A. crushB. deficiencyC. crackleD. noise2. Wholesale markets for agricultural products shall have transaction regulations.A. operationB. commerceC. dealingD. action3. The board has decided to withhold part of their grant money from certain students.A. bearB. reserveC. beholdD. observe4. The remainder of their school time is devoted to music theory, instrumental lessons and practice.A. balanceB. distributionC. spendingD. residue5. We will reimburse the expenses of the advertising for the representative.A. recoupB. contributeC. maintainD. impose6. Any application for such extension of contract period shall be made six months before the expiration of the contract.A. departureB. exhalationC. terminationD. inspiration7. If you work in a company, you usually don't have to go to the tax bureau because your company will deduct it from your salary.A. subtractB. deduceC. deriveD. discount8. What he said and did involved the bystanders in his dispute with the police.A. differenceB. challengeC. collisionD. disagreement9.You are advised to deposit your valuables in the hotel safe.A. wedgeB. withdrawC. lodgeD. fasten10.She fumbled her purse which contained the address slip.A. stalkB. shimmyC. elusionD. paperUnit2 The New Economics of OilThe article aims at establishing the idea that oil price will not rise even as demand soars. To begin with, the author shows the increasing consumption of oil around the world and the impact of technology on oil industry. By giving several examples, he draws the conclusion that the need for cash and dependence on technology leads to the fact that oil prices will even fall. Furthermore, technological updating, slashing the costs of finding, producing, and refining oil, is also a reason to support the author's point. There is evidence that technology lets the world companies maintain healthy earnings at lower oil prices. In conclusion, cheap oil accelerates the world economy, and a downside price scenario is increasingly likely.Unit6 The myth of the paperless officeThe author states at the beginning of the article that despite the emergence of technologies and the prediction of paperless office by many people for several decades, we still rely heavily on paper in our daily lives. Then he uses his own analysis and what Sellen and Harper have discovered as his proof to illustrate why human beings still cannot stop using paper. By citing Sellen and Harper’s des cription of the layout of files on a typical desk in an office , the author illustrates that paper has some hidden advantages over computers , especially in the following three aspects — reading, writing an d personal satisfaction in delivery . Furthermore, he analyzes two activities — air-traffic control and writing up police reports studied by Sellen and Harper, in which computers can’t re place paper completely. Then he suggests two reasons for such a chimera as paperless office, and finally, states that at least for now paperless office lo oks both unlikely and pointless.Unit7 Competition Is DestructiveBy using the game of musical chairs, the author illustrates that competition is destructive not only in our daily work but also in entertainments. It is important and possible to change the form of the game by way of turning an opponent into a partner: Everyone on the field can work together for a common goal (teamwork) instead of competing with each other (team competition). Cooperative games and sports providesatisfaction and challenge without competition. The reason that a large number of people insist that we can't do without win/lose activities are that they don't know any other way and that they overlook the psychological costs of competition and the toxic effect of competition on our relations. Competition is not conducive to trust and it may lead one to look at others through narrowed eyes and even invite outright aggression. We are inclined to blame individuals for all this, but it is the structure of the game itself which causes competition. To solve the problem of competition, we need to be teaching our children how to enjoy themselves without competition.Unit10 Why We Strive for StatusBy citing the example of Genghis Khan, the writer states that males are persistent status seekers. The drive for sex and power is biologically rooted in male’s nervous system, so that males are more competitive than females at any age and in all societies. But the evolutionists believe that natural selection pushes males to strive for dominance. The writer also points out that powerlessness usually leads to both psychological and physical problems for men as well as male animals. However, men are not so much anguished over the hierarchies. They tend to settle down to a certain stratified society and look for other satisfactions. The writer finally warns that power cannot be abused and dominance must be balanced by consent.Unit 13 Giving Credit Where Debt Is DueBy citing the film It’s a Wonderful Life, the writer introduces the topic and the thesis statement: misplacing bank funds may plunge a family into debt. However, being in debt is no longer a scandal or puts one into prison, but is a very cool thing. Then the author explains the reasons for the popularity of credit card debt: Consumers are involved in the annual rite of the holiday spending binge; People don’t have to worry about debt because banks are now relentlessly encouraging the use of credit cards so that even bankruptcy doesn’t stop the borrowing of money from ba nks; Debt makes people unconscious of the purchasing process and makes them into debt for small things like a bottle of champagne or a new wardrobe; Americans are ready to take a new look at debt: debt is no longer something to be ashamed of as it was for the generation that came of age during the Great Depression. Lastly the author points out that several credit card companies have taken a financial beating because of the sharply rising charge-offs for bad credit card debt. The solution to the problem is to make consumers think it wise to lighten their debt loads and try to rid themselves of personal debt.。