2008年12月英语四级范文

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2004-2008大学英语四级写作真题与范文汇总

2004-2008大学英语四级写作真题与范文汇总

2004年-2008年大学英语四级历年写作真题与范文汇总 1 / 8 2004年-2008年大学英语四级历年写作真题与范文汇总1. 2008年12月20日大学英语(CET-4)真题作文Part I Writing (30 minutes)注意:此部分试题在答题卡1上。

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Recreational Activities. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1. 一次性塑料袋的使用2. 使用一次性塑料袋带来的问题3. 限制使用一次性塑料袋的意义Disposable Plastic BagsNowadays we may find ourselves surrounded by a sea of disposable plastics bags. And recently the problems of using disposable plastic bags have been brought into people's focus.First of all, the use of disposable plastic bags causes irreversible harm to our environment. As these bags are not biodegradable, they are blocking the drainage system and causing water pollution.What's more, customers using disposable plastic bags may think that they are of great convenience. But what they don't quite realize is that there will be remarkable negative impact on our health. And sometimes careless disposal of these bags may even poison some innocent animals.In view of the severity of this issue, effective measures have been taken in our country. There has been a strict limit on the using of disposable plastic bags in supermarkets, which not only enhances people's awareness on environmental protection but also cuts down the cost of the running of supermarkets.2. 2008年6月21日大学英语(CET-4)真题作文Part I Writing (30 minutes)注意:此部分试题在答题卡1上。

08年12月英语四级听力原文及答案

08年12月英语四级听力原文及答案

Part III Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A),B),C)and D),and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 wi t h a single line through the centre.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

11.A)Only true friendship can last long.B)Letter writing is going out of style.C)She keeps in regular touch wi t h her classmates.D)She has lost contact with most of her old friends.12. A) A painter. C) A porter.B) A mechanic. D) A carpenter.13. A)Look for a place near her office. C)Make inquiries elsewhere.B)Find a new job down the street. D)Rent the $600 apartment.14.A)He prefers to wear jeans wi t h a larger waist.B)He has been extremely busy recently.C)He has gained some weight lately.D)He enjoyed going shopping wi t h Jane yesterday.15.A)The woman possesses a natural for art.B)Women have a better artistic taste than men.C)He isn’t goo d at abstract thinking.D)He doesn’t like abstract paintings.16.A)She couldn’t have left her notebook in the library.B)she may have put her notebook amid the journals.C)she should have made careful notes while doing reading.D)she shouldn’t have read his notes without his knowing it.17. A)she wants to get some sleep C)she has a literature class to attend B)she needs time to write a paper D)she is troubled by her sleep problem 18.A)He is confident he will get the job.B)His chance of getting the job is slim.C)It isn’t easy to find a qualified sales manager.D)The interview didn’t go as well as he expected.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19.A)He can manage his time more flexibly.B)He can renew contact with his old friends.C)He can concentrate on his own projects.D)He can learn to do administrative work.20.A)Reading its ads in the newspapers.B)Calling its personnel department.C)Contacting its manager.D)Searching its website.21.A)To cut down its production expenses.B)To solve the problem of staff shortage.C)To improve its administrative efficiency.D)To utilize its retired employees’ resources.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22.A)Buy a tractor.B)Fix a house.C)See a piece of property.D)Sing a business contract.23.A)I t is only forty miles form where they live.B)It is a small one with a two-bedroom house.C)It was a large garden wi t h fresh vegetables.D)It has a large garden with fresh vegetables.24.A)Growing potatoes will involve less labor.B)Its soil may not be very suitable for corn.C)It may not be big enough for raising corn.D)Raising potatoes will be more profitable.25A)FinancesB)EquipmentC)LaborD)ProfitsSection BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D)。

2008年12月大学英语四级考试真题

2008年12月大学英语四级考试真题

正保远程教育旗下品牌网站美国纽交所上市公司(NYSE:DL)外语教育网外语学习的网上乐园2008年12月大学英语四级考试真题Part I Writing (30minutes)注意:此部分试题在答题卡1上。

怎样改善学生的心理健康1. 学生心理健康的重要性2. 学校应该怎样做3. 学生自己应该怎样做[范文]How to improve psychological health?As is known to all, psychological health is as important as, if not more important than, physical health for a student during his/her growth. However, it's quite worrying that nowadays some students are not quite psychologically healthy.Undoubtedly, schools nd universities should take great account in the responsibilities of students' psychological health. Relevant courses and activities should be introduced to students so that they would be more aware of the significance of psychological health and find appropriate ways to maintain and improve it. For example, there should be a psychological counseling hotline or office for students to turn to when they need some psychological aid.Of course no psychological health can be obtained without the efforts from the students themselves. From my perspective, what they can do is trying to stay positive, optimistic and follow the right guidelines from their schools. To be more specific, they can participate in some activities such as voluntary work to cultivate an opening and caring mind. Meanwhile, harmful impacts from the cyber space should definitely be avoided.Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes)Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7,choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D)。

2008年英语四级作文

2008年英语四级作文

2008年英语四级作文Sure, let's craft a response to that prompt.---。

The year 2008 marked a significant turning point in China's economic development and global integration. Several factors contributed to this transformation, and its impact is profound in various aspects.Firstly, the hosting of the Beijing Olympics in 2008 showcased China's rapid development to the world. This mega-event not only demonstrated China's organizational capabilities but also served as a platform forinternational engagement and cultural exchange. The successful execution of the Olympics boosted China's global image and fostered closer ties with other nations.Moreover, 2008 witnessed the global financial crisis, which had both positive and negative effects on China'seconomy. On one hand, China's massive stimulus package helped cushion the impact of the crisis and sustained economic growth. On the other hand, the crisis exposed vulnerabilities in China's export-oriented economy, prompting a shift towards domestic consumption and innovation-driven growth.Furthermore, 2008 saw the launch of various reforms aimed at addressing long-standing issues such as income inequality, environmental degradation, and social unrest. Efforts to promote sustainable development, improve social welfare, and enhance the rule of law have since been ongoing, albeit with mixed results.In addition, 2008 marked the beginning of China's ambitious "Belt and Road Initiative" (BRI), which aims to enhance connectivity and cooperation across Asia, Africa, and Europe. This initiative, with its focus on infrastructure development and trade facilitation, has the potential to reshape global economic dynamics and create new opportunities for participating countries.Overall, the year 2008 was a watershed moment for China, characterized by both challenges and opportunities. The lessons learned from this period continue to shape China's development path and its role in the global arena.--。

2008年英语四级作文

2008年英语四级作文

2008年英语四级作文The year 2008 was a pivotal moment in China's history, notonly for the country's economic and social development butalso for its international standing. The Beijing Olympics,held from August 8 to August 24, 2008, was a significantevent that showcased China's progress and ambition on the global stage. This essay will explore the impact of the 2008 Beijing Olympics on China's international image, focusing on three main aspects: cultural exchange, economic growth, and sports diplomacy.Firstly, the Olympics served as a platform for cultural exchange. With thousands of athletes and millions of visitors from around the world, Beijing became a melting pot of cultures. The Olympic Village and various cultural programs provided opportunities for people to learn about China's rich history and traditions. Through these interactions, China was able to present a more nuanced and diverse image to the world, moving beyond the stereotypical perceptions and fostering a deeper understanding of its culture.Secondly, the economic growth that accompanied the Olympics was another factor in improving China's international image. The construction of state-of-the-art sports facilities, transportation infrastructure, and urban development projects demonstrated China's commitment to modernization and economic progress. The influx of foreign investment and tourism during the Olympics further boosted the economy, solidifying China'sposition as a global economic powerhouse.Lastly, sports diplomacy played a crucial role in enhancing China's image. Hosting the Olympics allowed China to engage in diplomatic efforts through sports. The event provided a neutral ground for international relations, where countries could come together in a spirit of competition and cooperation. China's athletes excelled in the games, winning a record number of gold medals, which further boosted national pride and the country's image as a strong contender in international sports.In conclusion, the 2008 Beijing Olympics had a profound impact on China's international image. It was not just a sporting event but also a cultural and diplomatic milestone. The Olympics highlighted China's cultural richness, economic prowess, and commitment to sports diplomacy, which collectively contributed to a more positive and multifaceted perception of the country on the global stage.。

2008年12月大学英语四级A卷真题 .doc

2008年12月大学英语四级A卷真题 .doc

感谢你的观看感谢你的观看2008年12月大学英语四级A卷真题Part I Writing (30minutes)注意:此部分试题在答题卡1上。

2008年12月英语四级作文真题Limiting The Use of Disposable Plastic Bags1.一次性塑料袋曾被广泛的使用2.造成的问题3.限制使用的意义Disposable plastic bags were once widely used in China. When we went shopping at supermarkets and departments stores, shopping assistants often provided free plastic bags for our convenience. For a while, life without them seemed unimaginable for most of us.However, disposable plastic bags do bring severe damage to our environment. Costumers usually threw them away after use, and because they are thin and hard to decompose, these plastic products will exist for a long time. This is an immediate threat to our earth and water.Nowadays, the government has passed relevant regulations for limiting the use of disposable plastic bags: they are not free any more. In some shopping places, in order to invoke the public awareness of environmental protection, plastic bags are offered in a much higher price. As a result, people are changing their behavior: paper and clothing bags that vanished for a long time come back to our daily life. It is true that by limiting its usage, everyone in this society contributes some effort to the improvement of the environmen.。

2008年12月大学英语四级真题(含答案)

2008年12月大学英语四级真题(含答案)

2008年12月大学英语四级考试真题Part I Writing(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bag.You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1.一次性塑料袋的使用2.使用一次性塑料袋带来的问题3.限制一次性塑料袋的意义Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bag__________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ ________Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choicesmarked [A], [B], [C] and [D].For questions 8 -10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.That’s enough, kidsIt was a lovely day at the park and Stella Bianchi was enjoying the sunshine with her two children when a young boy, aged about four, approached her two-year-old son and pushed him to the ground.“I’d watched him for a little while and my son was the fourth or fifth child he’d shoved,” she says.” I went over to them, picked up my son, turned to the boy and said, firmly, ’No, we don’t push,” What happened next was unexpected.“The boy’s mother ran toward me from across the park,” Stel la says,” I thought she was coming over to apologize, but instead she started shouting at me for disciplining her child, All I did was let him know his behavior was unacceptable. Was I supposed to sit back while her kid did whatever he wanted, hurting othe r children in the process?”Getting your own children to play nice is difficult enough. Dealing with other people’s children has become a minefield.In my house, jumping on the sofa is not allowed. In mysister’s house it’s encouraged. For her, it’s about kids being kids: “If you can’t do it at three, when can you do it?”Each of these philosophies is valid and, it has to be said, my son loves visiting his aunt’s house. But I find myself saying “no” a lot when her kids are over at mine. That’s OK between si sters but becomes dangerous territory when you’re talking to the children of friends or acquaintances.“Kids aren’t all raised the same,” agrees Professor Naomi White of Monash University.” But there is still an idea that they’re the property of the parent. We see our children as an extension of ourselves, so if you’re saying that my child is behaving inappropriately, then that’s somehow a criticism of me.”In those circumstances, it’s difficult to know whether to approach the child directly or the parent first. There are two schools of thought.“I’d go to the child first,” says Andrew Fuller, author of Tricky Kids. Usually a quiet reminder that ’we don’t do that here’ is enough. Kids nave finely tuned antennae (直觉) for how to behave in different settings.”He points out bringing it up with the parent first may make them feel neglectful, which could cause problems. Of course,approaching the child first can bring its own headaches, too.This is why White recommends that you approach the parents first. R aise your concerns with the parents if they’re there and ask them to deal with it,” she says.Asked how to approach a parent in this situation, psychologist Meredith Fuller answers: “Explain your needs as well as stressing the importance of the friendship. Preface your remarks with something like: ’I know you’ll think I’m silly but in my house I don’t want…’”When it comes to situations where you’re caring for another child, white is straightforward: “common sense must prevail. If things don’t go well, then have a chat.”There’re a couple of new grey areas. Physical punishment, once accepted from any adult, is no longer appropriate. “A new set of considerations has come to the fore as part of the debate about how we handle children.”For Andrew Fuller, the child-centric nature of our society has affected everyone:” The rules are different now from when today’s parents were growing up,” he says, “Adults are scared of saying: ’don’t swear’, or asking a child to stand up on a bus. They’re worried that there will be conflict if they point these things out – either from older children, ortheir parents.”He sees it as a loss of the sense of common public good and public courtesy (礼貌), and says that adults suffer form it as much as child.Meredith Fuller agrees: “A code of conduct is hard to create when you’re living in a world in which everyone is exhausted from overwork and lack of sleep, and a world in which nice people are perceived to finish last.”“I t’s about what I’m doing and what I need,” Andrew Fuller s ays. ”the days when a kid came home from school and said, “I got into trouble”. And dad said, ‘you probably deserved it’. Are over. Now the parents are charging up to the school to have a go at teachers.”This jumping to our children’s defense is part of what fuels the “walking on eggshells” feeling that surrounds our dealings with other people’s children. You know that if you remonstrate(劝诫) with the child, you’re going to have to deal with the parent. It’s admirable to be protective of our kids, but is it good?“Children have to learn to negotiate the world on their own, within reasonable boundaries,” White says. “I suspect that it’s only certain sectors of the population doing therunning to the school –better –educated parents are probably more likely to be too involved.”White believes our notions of a more child-centered, it’a way of talking about treating our children like commodities(商品). We’re centered on them but in ways that reflect positively on us. We treat them as objects whose appearance and achievements are something we can be proud of, rather than serve the best interests of the children.”One way over-worked, under-resourced parents show commitment to their children is to leap to their defence. Back at the park, Bianchi’ intervention(干预) on her son’ behalf ended in an undignified exchange of insulting words with the other boy’ mother.As Bianchi approached the park bench where she’d been sitting, other mums came up to her and congratulated her on taking a stand. “Apparently the boy had a long standing reputation for bad behaviour and his mum for even worse behaviour if he was challenged.”Andrew Fuller doesn’t believe that we should be afraid of dealing with other people’s kids. “look at kids that aren’t your own as a potential minefield,” he s ays. He recommends that we don’t stay silent over inappropriate behaviour,particularly with regular visitors.1. What did Stella Bianchi expect the young boy’s mother to do when she talked to him?A) make an apologyB) come over to interveneC) discipline her own boyD) take her own boy away2. What does the author say about dealing with other people’s children?A) it’s important not to hurt them in any wayB) it’s no use trying to stop their wrongdoingC) it’s advisable to treat them as one’s own kidsD) it’s possible for one to get into lots of trouble3. According to professor Naomi white of Monash university, when one’s kids are criticized, their parents will probably feel___________________________A) discouragedB) hurtC) puzzledD) overwhelmed4. Wh at should one do when seeing other people’s kids misbehave according to Andrew fuller?A) talk to them directly in a mild wayB) complain to their parents politelyC) simply leave them aloneD) punish them lightly5. Due to the child-centric nature of our society, ______________________A) parents are worried when their kids swear at themB) people think it improper to criticize kids in publicC) people are reluctant to point our kids’ wrongdoingsD) many conflicts arise between parents and their kids6. In a world where everyone is exhausted from over work and lack of sleep,____________________________A) it’s easy for people to become impatientB) it’s difficult to create a code of conductC) it’s important to be friendly to everybodyD) it’s hard for peop le to admire each other7. How did people use to respond when their kids got into trouble at school?A) they’d question the teachersB) they’d charge up to the schoolC) they’d tell the kids to clam downD) They’d put the blame on their kids8. Professor white believes that the notions of a more child-centred society should be____________________9. According to professor white, today’s parents treat their children as something they___________________10. Andrew fuller suggests that , when kids behave inappropriately, people should not______________________ Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. A)Only true friendship can last long.B)Letter writing is going out of style.C)She keeps in regular touch with her classmates.D)She has lost contact with most of her old friends.12. A) A painter. C) A porter.B) A mechanic. D) A carpenter.13. A) Look for a place near her office. C) Make inquiries elsewhere.B) Find a new job down the street. D) Rent the $600 apartment.14. A) He prefers to wear jeans with a larger waist.B) He has been extremely busy recently.C) He has gained some weight lately.D) He enjoyed going shopping with Jane yesterday.15. A)The woman possesses a natural for art.B) Women have a better artistic taste than men.C) He isn’t good at abstract thinking.D) He doesn’t like abstract paintings.16. A) She c ouldn’t have left her notebook in the library.B) she may have put her notebook amid the journals.C) she should have made careful notes while doing reading.D) she shouldn’t have read his notes without his knowing it.17. A)she wants to get some sleep C) she has a literature class to attendB) she needs time to write a paper D)she is troubled by her sleep problem18. A)He is confident he will get the job.B)His chance of getting the job is slim.C)It isn’t easy to find a qualified sales manager.D)The interview didn’t go as well as he expected. Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A)He can manage his time more flexibly.B)He can renew contact with his old friends.C)He can concentrate on his own projects.D)He can learn to do administrative work.20. A)Reading its ads in the newspapers.B)Calling its personnel department.C)Contacting its manager.D)Searching its website.21. A)To cut down its production expenses.B)To solve the problem of staff shortage.C)To improve its administrative efficiency.D)To utilize its retired employees’ resources.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. A)Buy a tractor.B)Fix a house.C)See a piece of property.D)Sing a business contract.23. A)It is only forty miles form where they live.B)It is a small one with a two-bedroom house.C)It was a large garden with fresh vegetables.D)It has a large garden with fresh vegetables.24. A)Growing potatoes will involve less labor.B)Its soil may not be very suitable for corn.C)It may not be big enough for raising corn.D)Raising potatoes will be more profitable.25. A)FinancesB)EquipmentC)LaborD)ProfitsSection BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26 A) To introduce the chief of the city’s police forceB)To comment on a talk by a distinguished guestC)To address the issue of community securityD)To explain the functions of the city council27 A)He has distinguished himself in city managementB)He is head of the International Police ForceC)He completed his higher education abroadD)He holds a master’s degree in criminology28 A)To coordinate work among police departmentsB)To get police officers closer to the local peopleC)To help the residents in times of emergencyD)To enable the police to take prompt action29 A)PopularB)discouragingC)effectiveD)controversialPassage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30 A)people differ greatly in their ability to communicateB)there are numerous languages in existenceC)Most public languages are inherently vagueD)Big gaps exist between private and public languages31 A)it is a sign of human intelligenceB)in improves with constant practiceC)it is something we are born withD)it varies from person to person32 A)how private languages are developedB)how different languages are relatedC)how people create their languagesD)how children learn to use languagePassage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33 A)she was a tailorB)she was an engineerC)she was an educatorD)she was a public speaker34.A)Basing them on science-fiction movies.B) Including interesting examples in themC) Adjusting them to different audiencesD) Focusing on the latest progress in space science35.A) Whether spacemen carry weaponsB) How spacesuits protect spacemenC) How NASA trains its spacemenD) What spacemen cat and drinkSection CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Crime is increasing world wide. There is every reason to believe the (36)____will continue through the next few decades.Crime rates have always been high in multicultural, industrialized societies such as the United States, but a new (37) ____has appeared on the world (38)____rapidly rising crime rates in nations that previously reported few(39)____. Street crimes such as robbery, rape (40) ___and auto theft are clearly rising (41)___in eastern European countries such as Hungary and in western European nations such as the united Kingdom.What is driving this crime (42)____?There are no simple answers. Still,there are certain conditions(43) _______with rising crime increasing heterogeneity (混杂) of populations, greater cultural pluralism, higher immigration, democratization of government,(44) _________________________________________________.These conditions are increasingly observable around the world. For instance, cultures that were previously isolated and homogeneous(同种类的) ,such as Japan, Denmark and Greece (45)______________________.Multiculturalism can be a rewarding, enriching experience, but it can also lead to a clash of values. Heterogeneity in societies will be the rule in the twenty-first century, and (46)_______________________Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)(25 minutes)Section AQuestion 47-56A bookless life is an incomplete life. Books influence the depth and breadth of life. They meet the natural______47_____for freedom, for expression, for creativity and beauty of life. Learners, therefore, must have books, and the right type of book, for the satisfaction of theirneed. Readers turn______48_____ to books because their curiosity concerning all manners of things, their eagerness to share in the experiences of others and their need to ____49 _____ from their own limited environment lead them to find in books food for the mind and the spirit. Through their reading they find a deeper significance to life as books acquaint them with life in the world as it was and it is now. They are presented with a __50 _____ of human experiences and come to ___51 ____ other ways of thought and living. And while ____52 ____ their own relationships and responses to life , the readers often find that the ___53__ in their stories are going through similar adjustments, which help to clarify and give significance to their own.Books provide ___54 ____ material for readers’ imagination to grow. Imagination is a valuable quality and a motivating power, and stimulates achievement. While enriching their imagination, books __55 ____their outlook, develop a fact-finding attitude and train them to use leisure ___56 ___. The social and educational significance of the readers’ books cannot be overestimated in an academic library.A. AbundantB. CharactersC. CommunicatingD. CompletelyE. DeriveF. DesireG. DiversityH. EscapeI. EstablishingJ. NarrowK. NaturallyL. PersonnelM. ProperlyN. RespectO. WidenSection BDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.If you are a male and you are reading this ,congratulations: you are a survivor .According to statistics .you are more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer than a woman ,and nine times more likely to die of AIDS. Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term, about 78 years for men in Australia, you will die on average five years before a woman.There are many reasons for this-typically, men take more risks than woman and are more likely to drink and smoke but perhaps more importantly, men don’t go to the doctor.“Men aren’t seeing doctors as often as they should, ” says Dr. Gullotta, “This is particularly so for the over-40s,when diseases tend to strike.”Gullotta says a healthy man should visit the doctor every year or two. For those over 45,it should be at least once a year.Two months ago Gullotta saw a 50-year-old ma who had delayed doing anything about his smoker’s cough for a year.“When I finally saw him it had already spread and he has since died from lung cancer” he says, “Earlier detection and treatment may not have cured him, but it would have prolonged this life”According to a recent survey, 95%of women aged between 15 and early 40s see a doctor once a year, compared to 70% of menin the same age group.“A lot of men think they are invincible (不可战胜的)”Gullotta says “They only come in when a friend drops dead on the golf course and they think” Geez, if it could happen to him.Then there is the ostrich approach,” some men are scared of what might be there and would rather not know, ” says Dr. Ross Cartmill.“Most men get their cars serviced more regularly than they service their bodies,” Cartmill says .He believes most diseases that commonly affect men could be addressed by preventive check-ups.Regular check-ups for men would inevitably place strain on the public purse, Cartmill says.” But prevention is cheaper in the long run than having to treat the diseases. Besides, the ultimate cost is far greater: it is called premature death.”57.Why does the author congratulate his male readers at the beginning of the passage?A. They are more likely to survive serious diseases today.B. Their average life span has been considerably extended.C. They have lived long enough to read this article.D. They are sure to enjoy a longer and happier live.58.What does the author state is the most important reason men die five years earlier on average than women?A. men drink and smoke much more than womenB. men don’t seek medical care as often as womenC. men aren’t as cautions as women in face of dangerD. men are more likely to suffer from fatal diseases59. Which of the following best completes the sentence “Geez, if it could happen to him…’(line2,para,8)?A. it could happen to me, tooB. I should avoid playing golfC. I should consider myself luckyD. it would be a big misfortune60what does Dr. Ross Cartmill mean by “the ostrich approach”(line q para.9)A. a casual attitude towards one’s health conditionsB. a new therapy for certain psychological problemsC. refusal to get medical treatment for fear of the pain involvedD. unwillingness to find out about one’s disease because of fear61. What does Cartmill say about regular check-ups for men?A.They may increase public expensesB.They will save money in the long runC.They may cause psychological strains on menD.They will enable men to live as long as womenPassage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.High-quality customer service is preached(宣扬) by many ,but actually keeping customers happy is easier said than doneShoppers seldom complain to the manager or owner of a retail store, but instead will alert their friends, relatives, co-workers, strangers-and anyone who will listen.Store managers are often the last to hear complaints, and often find out only when their regular customers decide t frequent their competitors, according to a study jointly conducted by Verde group and Wharton school“Storytelling hurts retailers and entertains consumers,” said Paula Courtney, President of the Verde group.” the store loses the customer, but the shopper must also find a replacement.”On average, every unhappy customer will complain to at least four other, and will no longer visit the specific store for every dissatisfied customer, a store will lose up to threemore due to negative reviews. The resulting “snowball effect” can be disastrous to retailers.According to the research, shoppers who purchased clothing encountered the most problems. ranked second and third were grocery and electronics customers.The most common complaints include filled parking lots, cluttered (塞满了的) shelves, overloaded racks, out-of-stock items, long check-out lines, and rude salespeople.During peak shopping hours, some retailers solved the parking problems by getting moonlighting(业余兼职的)local police to work as parking attendants. Some hired flag wavers to direct customers to empty parking spaces. This guidance eliminated the need for customers to circle the parking lot endlessly, and avoided confrontation between those eyeing the same parking space.Retailers can relieve the headaches by redesigning store layouts, pre-stocking sales items, hiring speedy and experienced cashiers, and having sales representatives on hand to answer questions.Most importantly, salespeople should be diplomatic and polite with angry customers.“Retailers who’re responsive and friendly are morelikely to smooth over issues than those who aren’t so friendly.” said Professor Stephen Hoch. “Maybe something as sim ple as a greeter at the store entrance would help.”Customers can also improve future shopping experiences by filing complaints to the retailer, instead of complaining to the rest of the world. Retailers are hard-pressed to improve when they have no idea what is wrong.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答62. Why are store managers often the last to hear complaints?A Most customers won’t bother to complain even if they have had unhappy experiences.B Customers would rather relate their unhappy experiences to people around them.C Few customers believe the service will be improved.D Customers have no easy access to store managers.63. What does Paula Courtney imply by saying “ … the shopper must also find a replacement” (Line 2, Para. 4)?A New customers are bound to replace old ones.B It is not likely the shopper can find the same products in other stores.C Most stores provide the sameD Not complaining to the manager causes the shopper some troubletoo.64. Shop owners often hire moonlighting police as parking attendants so that shoppers_____A can stay longer browsing in the storeB won’t have trouble parking their carsC won’t have any worries about securityD can find their cars easily after shopping65. What contributes most to smoothing over issues with customers?A Manners of the salespeopleB Hiring of efficient employeesC Huge supply of goods for saleD Design of the store layout.66. To achieve better shopping experiences, customers are advised to _________.A exert pressure on stores to improve their serviceB settle their disputes with stores in a diplomatic wayC voice their dissatisfaction to store managers directlyD shop around and make comparisons between storesPart V Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. Foreach blank there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C]and [D] on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Playing organized sports is such a common experience in the United States that many children and teenagers that them for granted. This is especially true__67__children from families and communities that have the resources needed to organize and__68__sports programs and make sure that there is easy__69__to participation opportunities. Children in low-income families and poor communities are__70__likely to take organized youth sports for granted because they often__71__the resources needed to pay for participation__72__, equipment, and transportation to practices and games__73__ their communities do not have resources to build and__74__sports fields and facilities.Organized youth sports__75__appeared during the early 20th century in the United States and other wealthy nations. They were originally developed__76__some educators and developmental experts__77__that the behavior and character of children were__78__influenced by their social surrounding andeveryday experiences. This__79__many people to believe that if you could organize the experiences of children in__80__ways, you could influence the kinds of adults that those children would become.This belief that the social__81__influenced a person’s overall development was very__82__to people interested in progress and reform in the United States__83__the beginning of the 20th century. It caused them to think about__84__they might control the experiences of children to__85__responsible and productive adults. They believed strongly that democracy depended on responsibility and that a__86__capitalist economy depended on the productivity of worker.67. A. among B. within C. on D. towards68. A. spread B. speed C. spur D. sponsor69. A. access B. entrance C. chance D. route70 A. little B. less C. more D. much71. A. shrink B. tighten C. limit D. lack72. A. bill B accounts C. fees D. fare73. A. so B. as C. and D. but74. A. maintain B. sustain C. contain D. entertain75.A. last B. first C. later D. finally76.A. before B. while C. until D. when。

2008年12月英语四级试题文字版(A卷真题答案)

2008年12月英语四级试题文字版(A卷真题答案)

2008年12月英语四级试题文字版(A卷真题+答案)(2)H. EscapeI. EstablishingJ. NarrowK. NaturallyL. PersonnelM. ProperlyN. RespectO. WidenSection BDirections There are 2 passages in this section, each passage is followed by some question or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A B C D.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage oneQuestion 57 to 61 based on the following passage.If you are a male and you are reading this ,congratulations: you are a survivor .According to statistics .you are more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer than a woman ,and nine times more likely to die of AIDS. Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term, about 78 years for men in Australia, you will die on average five years before a woman.There are many reasons for this-typically, men take more risks than woman and are more likely to drink and smoke but perhaps more importantly, men don’t go to the doc tor.“Men aren’t seeing doctors as often as they should, ” says Dr. Gullotta, “This is particularly so for the over-40s,when diseases tend to strike.”Gullotta says a healthy man should visit the doctor every year or two. For those over 45,it should be at least once a year.Two months ago Gullotta saw a 50-year-old ma who had delayed doing anything about his smoker’s cough for a year.“When I finally saw him it had already spread and he has since died from lung cancer” he says, “Earlier detection and treatm ent may not have cured him, but it would have prolonged this life”According to a recent survey, 95%of women aged between 15 and early 40s see a doctor once a year, compared to 70% of men in the same age group.“A lot of men think they are invincible (不可战胜的)”Gullotta says “They only come in when a friend drops dead on the golf course and they think” Geez, if it could happen to him.Then there is the ostrich approach,” some men are scared of what might be there and would rather not know, ” says Dr. Ross Cart mill.“Most men get their cars serviced more regularly than they service their bodies,” Cartmill says .He believes most diseases that commonly affect men could be addressed by preventive check-upsRegular check-ups for men would inevitably place strain on the public purse, Cartmill says.” But prevention is cheaper in the long run than having to treat the diseases. Besides, the ultimate cost is far greater: it is called premature death.”57.Why does the author congratulate his male readers at the beginning of the passage?A. They are more likely to survive serious diseases today.B. Their average life span has been considerably extended.C. They have lived long enough to read this article.D. They are sure to enjoy a longer and happier live.58。

0Hovze2008年12月英语四级考试真题(A卷)及答案

0Hovze2008年12月英语四级考试真题(A卷)及答案

生活需要游戏,但不能游戏人生;生活需要歌舞,但不需醉生梦死;生活需要艺术,但不能投机取巧;生活需要勇气,但不能鲁莽蛮干;生活需要重复,但不能重蹈覆辙。

-----无名2008年12月英语四级考试真题(A卷)及答案Part I Writing (30mi nu tes)注意:此部分试题在答题卡1上。

怎样改善学生的心理健康1. 学生心理健康的重要性2. 学校应该怎样做3. 学生自己应该怎样做【范文】How to improve psychological health?As is known to all, psychological health is as important as, if not more important than, physical health for a stude nt duri ng his/her growth. However, it's quite worry ing that no wadays some stude nts are not quite psychologically healthy.Un doubtedly, schools and uni versities should take great acco unt in the resp on sibilities ofstude nts' psychological health. Releva nt courses and activities should be in troduced to stude nts so that they would be more aware of the sig ni fica nee of psychological health and find appropriate ways to maintain and improve it. For example, there should be a psychological counseling hotline or office for stude nts to turn to whe n they n eed some psychological aid.Of course no psychological health can be obtained without the efforts from the students themselves. From my perspective, what they can do is trying to stay positive, optimistic and follow the right guidelines from their schools. To be more specific, they can participate in some activities such as volu ntary work to cultivate an ope ning and cari ng mi nd. Mea nwhile, harmful impacts from the cyber space should defi nitely be avoided.Part II Read ing Comprehe nsion (Skim ming and Scannin g)(15 minu tes)Directi ons: In this part, you will have 15 minu tes to go over the passage quickly and an swer the questi ons on An swer Sheet 1.For questi ons 1-7,choose the best an swer from the four choices markedA) ,B),C) and D).For questions 8-10,complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.That ' s eno ugh, kidsIt was a lovely day at the park and StellaBianchi was enjoying the sunshine with her two childrenwhe n a young boy, aged about four, approached her two-year-old son and pushed him to the ground.“I ' d watched him for a little while and my son was the fourth or fifth child he' d shoved, ”she says. ” I went over to them, picked up my son, turned to the boy and said, firmly, ' No, we don ' t push, ” What happened next was unexpected.“The boy ' s mother ran toward me from across the park, ” Stella says, ” I thought she was coming over to apologize, but in stead she started shouti ng at me for discipli ning her child, All I did was let him know his behavior was un acceptable. Was I supposed to sit back while her kid did whatever he wan ted, hurting other childre n in the process? ”Gett ing your own childre n to play nice is difficult eno ugh. Deali ng withhas become a min efield.and, it has to be said, my son loves visiting his aunt ' s house.a lot when her kids are over at mine. That ' s O K between sisters but 're talking to the children of friends or acquaintances. ” agrees Professor Naomi White of Mon ash Uni versity. ” Butthe property o f the pare nt. We see our childre n as an exte nsion're say ing that my child is behav ing in appropriately, the n that ' s somehowIn those circumsta nces, it ' s difficult to know whether to approach the child directly or the pare nt first. There are two schools of thought.“ I ' d go to the child first, ” says An drew Fuller, author of Tricky Kids. Usually a quiet remin der that ' we don ' t do that here ' is eno ugh. Kids nave fin ely tuned antennae ( 直觉 )for how to behavein differe ntsett in gs. ”He points out bringing it up with the pare nt first may make them feel n eglectful, which could causeproblems. Of course, approaching the child first can bring its own headaches, too.This is why White recomme nds that you approach the pare nts first. Raise your concerns with the parents if they ' re there and ask them to deal with it,” she says.Asked how to approach a pare nt in this situati on, psychologist Meredith Fuller an swers: ” Expla inyour needs as well as stressing the importanee of the friendship.Preface your remarks with somethinglike:' I know you ' ll think I ' m silly but in my house I don ' t want •••'”When it comes to situations where you' re caring for another child, white is straightforward:other people ' s childrenIn my house, jump ing on the sofa isit ' s about kids being kids: ” If you cannot allowed. In my sister ' s house it 't do it at three, when can you do it?'s encouraged. For her Each of these philosophies is valid But I find myself say ing"no ”becomes dan gerous territory whe n you“ Kids aren ' t all raised the same, there is still an idea that they' re of ourselves, so if you a criticism of me. ”“ com mon sense must prevail. If things don ' t go well, the n have a chat. ”There' re a couple of new grey areas. Physical punishment, once accepted from any adult, is noIon ger appropriate. “ A new set of con siderati ons has come to the fore as part of the debate about how we han dle childre n. ”For An drew Fuller, the child- cen tric n ature of our society has affected every one: ” The rules are different now from when today ' s parents were growing up, ” he says, “Adults are scared ofsaying: ' don' t swear ' , or asking a child to stand up on a bus. They ' re worried that there willbe conflict if they point these things out - either from older children, or their parents. ”He sees it as a loss of the sense of com mon public good and public courtesy (礼貌),and says that adults suffer form it as much as child.Meredith Fuller agrees : “ A code of con duct is hard to create whe n you ' re livi ng in a world inwhich every one is exhausted from overwork and lack of sleep, and a world in which nice people are perceived to finish last. ”“ it ' s about what I ' m doing and what I n eed, ” An drew Fuller says. ” the days whe n a kid came home from school and said, “I got into trouble ” . And dad said, ‘you probably deserved it ' . Are over. Now the pare nts are charg ing up to the school to have a go at teachers. ”This jumping to our children ' s defense is part of what fuels the “walking on eggshells ” feeling that surrounds our dealings with other people ' s children. You know that if you remonstrate(劝诫)withthe child, you' re going to have to deal with the pare nt. it ' s admirable to be protective of our kids,but is it good?“ Childre n have to lear n to n egotiate the world on their own, with in reas on able boun daries, ” White says. “ I suspect that it ' s only certain sectors of the population doing the running to the school-better - educated parents are probably more likely t o be too involved. ”White believes our notions of a more child- centred, it ' s a way of talking about treating ourchildren like commodities(商品).We ' re centred on them but in ways that reflect positively on us. We treat them as objects whose appeara nee and achieveme nts are someth ing we can be proud of, rather than serve the best in terests of the childre n. ”One way over-worked, under-resourced parents show commitment to their children is to leap to their defenee. Back at the park, Bianchi ' s intervention(干预)on her son' s behalf ended in an undignified exchange of insulting words with the other boy ' s mother.As Bianchi approached the park bench where she ' d been sitting, other mums came up to her and con gratulated her on tak ing a sta nd. “ Appare ntly the boy had a l on gsta nding reputati on for bad behaviour and his mum for even worse behaviour if he was challe nged. ”An drew Fuller does n' t believe that we should be afraid of deali ng with other people' s kids. “ look at kids that aren ' t your own as a pote ntial min efield, ” he says. He recomme nds that we don ' t stay sile nt over in appropriate behaviour, particularly with regular visitors.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

2008年12月英语四级考试写作真题与参考范文

2008年12月英语四级考试写作真题与参考范文

2008年12月英语四级考试写作真题与参考范文2008年12月英语四级考试写作真题与参考范文Part I Writing (30 minutes) A卷Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minute to write a short essay on the topic of limiting the use of disposable plastic bags. You should write atleast 120 words following the outline given bellow:1.一次性塑料袋曾被广泛的使用2.造成的问题3.限制使用的意义Limiting The Use of Disposable Plastic Bags范文一Limiting The Use of Disposable Plastic BagsDisposable plastic bags were once widely used in China. When we went shopping at supermarkets and departments stores, shopping assistants often provided free plastic bags for our convenience. For a while, life without them seemed unimaginable for most of us.However, disposable plastic bags do bring severe damage to our environment. Costumers usually threw them away after use, and because they are thin and hard to decompose, these plastic products will exist for a long time. This is an immediate threat to our earth and water.Nowadays, the government has passed relevant regulations for limiting the use of disposable plastic bags: they are not free any more. In some shopping places, in order to invoke the public awareness of environmental protection, plastic bags are offered in a much higher price. As a result, people are changing their behavior: paper and clothing bags that vanished for a long timecome back to our daily life. It is true that by limiting its usage, everyone in this society contributes some effort to the improvement of the environment. (175 words)Limiting The Use of Disposable Plastic BagsThese days disposal products often hit the headlines of newspapers and have been brought into focus of the public. Indeed, it is widely accepted that they have gained increasing popularity among people in all walks of life. Taking a look around you, you can find examples too numerous to list: When you walk on the street, you can see plastic bags flying over your head; When you ramble along the river, you can find plastic bottles floating on the water; When you stroll in the park with your lover, you can notice waste paper thrown everywhere.Among the most important reasons often cited by people is the quickening pace of modern life. They are often too busy to wash dirty dishes or glasses, as a result they can do nothing but use disposal products. Also playing a part is the improvement of people's life. As a result of the policy of opening and reform, an increasing number of people are much richer than before and can afford disposal products. (原因) Admittedly, they might benefit us in a short term. Unfortunately, they will do us harm in more than one way. The major harm is (that) they are sure to pollute the environment. To make matters worse, they are likely to have potential harm to public health. To illustrate this point, I can think of no better example than HP, the river through S. As a result of disposal products in it, the water has caused some diseases in the local people. (影响)To sum up, for the factors mentioned before, we can safely reach the conclusion that the prevalence of disposale products is bound to cause a chain of undesirable effects. In view of thepresent situation, it is high time that the government tried every means to protect the environment. Only in this way, can we have a bright future.(317 words)范文三:Disposable Plastic BagsNowadays we may find ourselves surrounded by a sea of disposable plastic bags. And recently the problems of using disposable plastic bags have been brought into people’s focus.First of all, the use of disposable plastic bags causes irreversible harm to our environment. As these bags are not biodegradable, they are blocking the drainage system and causing water pollution.What’s more, customers using disposable plastic bags may think that they are of great convenience. But what they don’t quite realize is that there will be remarkable negative impact on our health. And sometimes careless disposal of these bags may even poison some innocent animals.In view of the severity of this issue, effective measures have been taken in our country. There has been a strict limit on the using of disposable plastic bags in supermarkets, which not only enhances people’s awareness on environmental protection but also cuts down the cost of the running of supermarkets. (163 words)Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic BagPlastic bags have been an indispensable part of our daily life for it brings us much convenience. We are so dependent upon plastic bags that use of them is ever increasing.Despite the convenience it brought to people, it also caused a lot of problems amony which the environmental pollution wasthe biggest concern. Plastic bags not only affect the beautifulness of our environment, but also do harm to our health, because they are made of some kind of chemical material which can not be discomposed.Therefore, limiting the use of disposable plastic bags is of great significance. First of all, this policy can reduce pollution and save a lot of resource at the same time; secondly, it contributes a lot of resource at the same time; secondly, it contributes a lot to a more beautiful living environment; last but not least, it can also create a healthier environment for people. In short, we should do our best to limit the use of plastic bags for ourselves and for the next generation. (172 words)范文五:On Disposable Plastic BagsFor many years we have been using disposal plastic bags when we are shopping on the market, and most often these bags are offered by the shops for free. This, undoubtedly, has brought us great convenience in our daily life.However, its disadvantages are also very apparent, and I’ll just venture to explore two aspects. For one thing, the plastic bags are mostly indecomposable in the natural state so that with the increasing use of these bags, it will not only seriously bring about the so-called “white pollution” to the environment, it can also cost us a lot to have them decompose completely so as to minimize their damage to the environment. For another, the production of plastic bags are often not strictly supervised, so a large proportion of the bags don’t meet the requirements for healthy products, which means the more we use them, the more likely we are to suffer in health.The negative effects of the plastic bags are far serious thanw hat I’ve mentioned above, so it’s h igh time the government issued strict laws and measures to stop using the bags. By so doing, we can save a lot of money from producing these bags as well as return a cleaner earth to ourselves and the later generations. (212 words)Part I Writing (30minutes) B卷注意:此部分试题在答题卡1上。

2008年12月英语四级写作焦点及范文(23-31)

2008年12月英语四级写作焦点及范文(23-31)

无忧英语编辑整理历年四级六级考试真题听力下载仿真模拟题尽在无忧英语 23. health and lifeas the saying goes, you don’t know what happiness is until you lose it’you don’t know what health is until you are ill. “health is of vital importance to life”sounds like a cliche to everyone, but it is absolutely true.the negligence of the delicate balance of your body and soul, the harmful habits such as smoking, excessive drinking and burning mid-night oil will catch up with you someday. how many big plans are interrupted by bad health! even a normal life is unimaginable without the guarantee of health.how to keep fit is an eternal topic of diversity and controversy. regardless of all the different suggestions poured from all kinds of sources, one should do at least two things for him/herself. first, hold an active and optimistic attitude toward life and maintain a mental well-being. second, live a regular life and keep a balanced diet. anyway, a healthy life is within reach when you begin to adjust your mind and body.24. energy resourceschina is rich in various energy resources. coal and petroleum, for instance, are two major ones. they are essential in developing the country’s industry, science and technology. china has done a great deal in the past few decades to raise its output of coal and petroleum.three energy resources are being used up rapidly, with the building of four modernization, new industrial and science projects are springing up like bamboo shoots after rain. they are all big consumers of energy resources. besides there has been considerable waste in the utilization of these resources.to avoid an energy crisis in the future, the government must take certain measures. first, it should let people know the importance of saving energy. second, efforts should be made to develop new energy resources, such as solar energy, geothermal(地热) energy and so on. we have reason to be optimistic in this respect.25. competitioncompetition makes people original and creative. it very necessary to compete if human society wants to advance. (even animals compete for survival.) without it, we would become lazy and nobody would rake any responsibility. when three monks live together, there will be no drinking water. this chinese proverb vividly describes why china’s productivity was so low before mr deng came to power. at that time, we hadthe so-called planned economy. there was no competition at all. so neither farmers nor workers worked hard. china was on the edge of collapse.competition can stimulate people to try their best to do anything. for example, in 100-meter race, each sportsman runs as quickly as possible, trying to win the champion. the same things happen in our society and in our daily life. if a company wants to surpass others, it must compete with them. it must raise its efficiency. all the companies doing this will no doubt benefit the whole society and the whole human race.being a student, i must compete with other students in our studies. i must study hard in all the fields so that i can be a useful man when i enter the society after graduation.26.students’part-time jobsthere are many advantages for a student to have a part time job. for instance, it helps him to realize that no success comes from nothing. it enables him to be independent and builds up his self-confidence. therefore, part-time jobs can get the students out of the ivory tower and give them the opportunity to know more of himself and of his personal value in society.as everything has two sides, the disadvantages can’t be ignored. part-time jobs cut into students’study time; some even become so preoccupied with making money that they ca ‘t focus their attention on studying. in the end, the students may fall behind or fail in their studies.in my opinion, students can choose to take up a job according to their own situation. the most important thing is for him to keep a good balance, put his study on top of the list and assign an adequate amount of time to it.27.wealth and happinesseverybody wants to get wealth. in today’s material world, making money or becoming wealthy symbolizes a person’s success and capability. many people just make every effort, pay any price to attain greater wealth. with money, they can but nice, large apartments in nice neighborhood; with money, they can own stately luxury cars. wealth seems with money, they can own stately luxury cars. wealth seems to bring all happiness in life.in my opinion, people cannot do anything without money, but money is not everything. what money will bring you depends on your personal belief and goal in life. if you are kind enough to help others, especially the poor, money is a good thing to you. with it, you can do much more for the benefit of people and your country, andit will and to your own happiness. if you want money just for your own needs, you’ll never be satisfied or happy. in a word, you should have money spent for more people, only then can money be the source of your happiness.28.idealseveryone has his ideals. a businessman wishes to make greater profit; a farmer expects bumper harvests; a student tries to learn more and better. and everyone strives, with more or less effort, to realize his ideal.one should be sensible about whether his ideal is well founded or not. if it is, one has to plan and work hard for its realization. effort, skill and persistence are all necessary. and very often, one has to get help from others, including advice and support in one form or another.my ideal is to become a doctor, it is said that the field of medicine is a well-paid profession, but i take it as a lofty profession entrusted with saving people’s lives. to realize my ideal i have concentrated on laboratory work to develop the analytical skills necessary to become a qualified doctor. i am sure i will realize my ideal if i persevere in this pursuit.29.popular sports in chinasports are flourishing in china now. more and more people are willing to take part in sports of different kinds, such as table-tennis, football, volleyball, and so on. every year there are many matches played on the city, provincial or national level. sports are no longer limited to a few professional players.early in the morning people may be seen doing exercise. martial arts (like chinese boxing or swordplay) which formerly were cultivated for self-defense, now have become a form of physical exercise and are practiced in parks, streets, gardens, or on campuses. in addition young and old people are also often seen running in order to build up their bodies.china promotes sports to enhance the physical condition of its people; she is formulating policies to provide encouragement of this activity. she awards prizes to the excellent players for the best records both in china and the world. in the world the ch inese have become a strong people instead of “the weaklings of east asia”.30.is failure a bad thing?failure is what often happens. it is everywhere in our life. students may fail in exams, scientists may fail in their research work, and athletes may fail in competitions.although failure happens to everyone, attitudes towards failure are various. some people don’t think their failure is a very important thing at all. so they pay no attention to it. as a result, they will have the same failure a period later. some people think themselves are fools and lose their hearts in everything after they get a failure. consequently, they spend their time and energy on useless things and they may really be fools as they have thought.other people are quite different from the two kinds of people mentioned above. instead of being distressed and lost, they draw a lesson from every failure and become more experienced. after hard work, they will be successful in the end. it is said that failure is the mother of success. success will be gained after times of failures so long as we are good at drawing lesson from our failures.in my opinion, failure is not a bad thing, the really bad thing is taking a failure as failure or even lose our heart after failure.31.modernization of family lifewith the rapid development of the society, family life is becoming modernized. years ago, people considered owing radios, sewing machines, watches and bicycles as being modernized. but in recent years, almost all families have tv sets, refrigerators and washing machines. it is very common to see people ride motorcycles or even drive private cars and more and more families have telephones, computers and air-conditioners.the modernization of family life brings us convenience and comfort. one may enjoy tv or radio programs, communicate with his friends through telephone or work with his computer while his washing machine, refrigerator and air-conditioners are running. and by car or motorcycle one can quickly reach wherever he wants to go.in spite of this, these modern facilities also bring us disadvantages. for example, radiation from tv sets and computers is harmful to our health; improper driving of cars and motorcycles becomes the major cause of traffic accidents. the quietness of a family is often disturbed by a falsedialing or unwelcome phone call. but it is believed that these disadvantages will be disposed of with the improvement of modernization and our life will be more healthy and more comfortable.。

2008年12月大学英语四级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2008年12月大学英语四级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2008年12月大学英语四级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有:1. Writing 2. Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) 3. Listening Comprehension 4. Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) 5. Cloze 8. TranslationPart I Writing (30 minutes)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bags. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1. 一次性塑料袋曾被广泛使用。

2. 使用一次性塑料袋带来的问题。

3. 限制使用一次性塑料袋的意义。

Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bags _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ ________________正确答案:Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bags There was a time when disposable plastic bags obtained great popularity among people on the rungs of social ladder, for they definitely brought convenience to people who went shopping at supermarkets or department stores. Yet, recently, there is a growing voice against the wide use of disposable plastic bags. The voice arises from several problems caused by such plastic bags. To begin with, as it is not easy to decompose, disposable plastic bags may pollute our environment for a relatively long time. Worse still, it poses tremendous harm to people’s health. In such a society with quick pace of life, it is not uncommon for people to have instant food wrapped in disposable plastic bags. Logically, people will absorb some poisonous chemical material while enjoying such convenience. Accordingly, owing to the above harms, it will benefit humans greatly, if we spare no effort to ban the use of disposable plastic bags. The threats from such plastic material will gradually and eventually vanish and perish. And the manufacturing of new substitute products of this kind of bags can also create more job opportunities and promote economy development positively.Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark:Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN)if the information is not given in the passage.That’s enough, kids It was a lovely day at the park and Stella Bianchi was enjoying the sunshine with her two children when a young boy, aged about four, approached her two-year-old son and pushed him to the ground. “I’dwatched him for a little while and my son was the fourth or fifth child he’d shoved,”she says. “I went over to them, picked up my son, turned to the boy and said, firmly, ‘No, we don’t push.’” What happened next was unexpected. “The boy’s mother ran toward me from across the park,” Stella says. “I thought she was coming over to apologise, but instead she started shouting at me for ‘ disciplining her child’. All I did was let him know his behaviour was unacceptable. Was I supposed to sit back while her kid did whatever he wanted, hurting other children in the process?”Getting your own children to play nice is difficult enough. Dealing with other people’s children has become a minefield. In my house, jumping on the sofa is not allowed. In my sister’s house it’s encouraged. For her it’s about kids being kids: “If you can’t do it at three, when can you do it?”Each of these philosophies is valid and, it has to be said, my son loves visiting his aunt’s house. But I find myself saying “no” a lot when her kids are over at mine. That’s OK between sisters but becomes dangerous territory when you’re talking to the children of friends or acquaintances. “Kids aren’t all raised the same,” agrees Professor Naomi White of Monash University. “But there’s still an idea that they’re the property of the parents. We see our children as an extension of ourselves, so if you’re saying that my child is behaving inappropriately, then that’s somehow a criticism of me.”In those circumstances, ifs difficult to know whether to approach the child directly or the parent first. There are two schools of thought, “I’d go to the child first,” says Andrew Fuller, author of Trick).’ Kids. “Usually a quiet reminder that ‘we don’t do that here’is enough. Kids have finely tuned antennae (直觉) for how to behave in different settings.”He points out that bringing it up with the parent first may make them feel neglectful, which could cause problems. Of course, approaching the child first can bring its own headaches, too. This is why White recommends that you approach the parents first. “Raise your concerns with the parents if they’re there and ask them to deal with it,”she says. Asked how to approach a parent in this situation, psychologist Meredith Fuller answers: “Explain your needs as well as stressing the importance of the friendship. Preface your remarks with something like: ‘I know you will think I’m silly but in my house I don’t want...’”When it comes to situations where you’re caring for another child, White is straightforward: “Common sense must prevail. If things don’t go well then have a chat.”There’re a couple of new grey areas. Physical punishment, once accepted from any adult, is no longer appropriate. “Now you can’t do it without feeling uneasy about it,”White says. Men might also feel uneasy about dealing with other people’s children. “Men feel nervous,” White says. “A new set of considerations has come to the fore as part of the debate about how we handle children.”For Andrew Fuller, the child-centric nature of our society has affected everyone. “The rules are different now from when today’s parents were growing up,”he says. “Adults are scared of saying, ‘Don’t swear’, or asking a child to stand up on a bus. They’re worried that there will be conflict if they point these things out--either from older children, or their parents.”He sees it as a loss of the sense of common public good and public courtesy(礼貌), and says that adults suffer from it as much as children. Meredith Fuller agrees. “A code of conduct is hard to create when you’re living in a world in which everyone is exhausted from overwork and lack ofsleep, and a world in which nice people are perceived to finish last.”“It’s about what I’m doing and what I need,” Andrew Fuller says. “The days when a kid came home from school and said, ‘I got into trouble’, and dad said, ‘You probably deserved it’, are over. Now the parents are charging up to the school to have a go at teachers.”This jumping to our children’s defence is part of what fuels the “walking on eggshells” feeling that surrounds our dealings with other people’s children. You know that if you remonstrate(劝诫) with the child, you’re going to have to deal with the parent. It’s admirable to be protective of our kids, but is it good? “Children have to learn to negotiate the world on their own, within reasonable boundaries,”White says. “I suspect that it’s only certain sectors of the population doing the running to the school--better-educated parents are probably more likely to be too involved.”White believes our notions of a more child-centred society should be challenged. “Today we have a situation where, in many families, both parents work, so the amount of time children get from parents has diminished,”she says. “Also, sometimes when we talk about being child-centred, it’s a way of talking about treating our children like commodities (商品). We’re centred on them but in ways that reflect positively on us. We treat them as objects whose appearance and achievements are something we can be proud of, rather than serve the best interests of the children.”One way over-worked, under-resourced parents show commitment to their children is to leap to their defence. Back at the park, Bianchi’s intervention(干预) on her son’s behalf ended in an undignified exchange of insulting words with the other boy’s mother. As Bianchi approached the park bench where she’d been sitting, other mums came up to her and congratulated her on taking a stand. “Apparently the boy had a longstanding reputation for bad behaviour and his mum for even worse behaviour if he was challenged.”Andrew Fuller doesn’t believe that we should be afraid of dealing with other people’s kids. “Look at kids that aren’t your own as a potential minefield,”he says. He recommends that we don’t stay silent over inappropriate behaviour, particularly with regular visitors.2.What did Stella Bianchi expect the young boy’s mother to do when she talked to him?A.Make an apology.B.Come over to intervene.C.Discipline her own boy.D.Take her own boy away.正确答案:A解析:根据题干信息定位到文章第三段中Stella的话的后半部分:“I thought she was coming over to apologise”,题干中expect一词与原文的thought构成同义替换,故答案选[A]本题的难点在于定位。

2008年12月英语四级考前密押作文30篇

2008年12月英语四级考前密押作文30篇

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Attend Your Classes Regularly。

You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese.1.现在大学校园里,迟到、早退、旷课是常见的现象2.保证学生的出勤率对大学教育的重要性3.作为一个大学生应该怎样做Attend Your Classes RegularlyNowadays it is a very common phenomenon that some university students are late for or even absent from classes. And still there are some students who slip out of the classroom before the class is over. Class attendance has become a thorny problem to both the students and teachers.In fact, it is very important for the students to attend their classes regularly. First, it will ensure you to catch up with the teachers in your learning. That is very helpful to you if you want to do a good job in your study. Second, attending classes regularly is a way of showing respect to your teachers ,too. Your teachers will feel bad if the students do not attend their classes, which, in turn, will affect their teaching and be no good for the students. Third, attending classes regularly will help to form a good habit of punctuality, which is of great importance for the students to do a good job in the future.Therefore, we university students should form the good habit of attending our classes regularly from now on. And some day we’ll benefit from it.点评:2008年元月三日,中山大学博士发帖称遭导师虐待;2008年元月四日,中国政法大学爆“杨帆门”事件;近几年,中小学老师或打学生或猥亵学生、体罚学生等各类新闻不断曝光,进而引发了师生关系的大讨论。

2008年12月英语四级真题听力原文

2008年12月英语四级真题听力原文

2008年12月英语四级真题听力原文Short Conversations11.M: I just received an Email from one of my former(以前的) classmates.I was surprised, I hadn’t heard from him for ages(很长时间).W: Well, I’ve been out of touch with(失去联系)most of my old friends, only one or two still drop me a line(写信给某人) occasionally(有时候),Q: What does the woman mean?A) Only true friendship can last long.B) Letter writing is going out of style(不时髦的,不流行的).C) She keeps in regular touch with her classmates.D) She has lost contact (接触,联系)with (与某人……交往,与某人……联系)most of her old friends.12. M: If you can make up your mind (决定,下决心) about the color, I can start on the outside of your house early next week.W: Well, right now I think I want white for the window frames and yellow for the walls, but I’ll let you know tomorrow.Q: Who is the woman talking to (与某人谈话)?A) A painter.B) A porter(搬运工人,门童).C) A mechanic (技工,机修师).D) A carpenter (木工).13. W: Excuse me, do you have any apartments (公寓式房屋) available (可用的或可得到的)for under 500 dollars a month? I need to move in next week when my new job starts.M: The only vacant (未被占用的, 空的)one I have is 600 dollars, have you inquired (打听, 询问)at the apartment complex down the street?Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?A) Look for a place near her office.B) Find a new job down the street.C) Make inquiries elsewhere.D) Kent the $600 apartment.14. W: You bought a pair of jeans (牛仔裤)yesterday, didn’t you? What are they like?M: Oh, they are pretty much like my other ones, except with a larger waist (腰, 腰部, 腰围). I guess I haven’t spent much time exercising lately. Q: What can we infer from(从…中推导出) the conversation about the man?A) He prefers to wear jeans with a larger waist.B) He has been extremely (极端; 极其; 非常)busy recentlyC) He has gained some weight (增加了一些体重)lately.D) He enjoyed going shopping with Jane yesterday.15. W: I really like those abstract (抽象的, 抽象派的)paintings(抽象画)we saw yesterday. What do you think?M: I guess it’s something I haven’t acquired a taste (爱好,嗜好)for yet.Q: What does the man imply(暗示, 暗指)?A) The woman possesses (具有, 占据)a natural talent (天资, 才能;人才)for an.B) Women have a better artistic taste than men.C) He isn’t good at abstract thinking.D) He doesn’t like abstract paintings.16. W: You haven’t seen a blue notebook, have you? I hope I didn’t leave it in the reading room.M: Did you check that pile of journals(杂志, 期刊; 日志, 日记)you’ve borrowed from the library the other day?Q: What is the man trying to say to the woman?A) She couldn’t have left her notebook in the library.B) She may have put her notebook amid ((表示位置)在…中间, 处于…之中, 为…所环绕)the journals.C) She should have made careful notes while doing reading.D) She s houldn’t have read his notes without his knowing it.17. M: How about joining me for a cup of coffee?W: I’d love to, but I’m exhausted(耗尽的,疲惫的). I was up (起床) till 3 this morning, writing a paper for my literature class.Q: Why does the woman decline (辞谢; 谢绝(邀请等);n.下降, 减少, 衰退; 太阳)落下)the man’s invitation(邀请)?A) She wants to get some sleep.B) She needs time to write a paper.C) She has a literature class to attend.D) She is troubled (困惑的; 骚乱的, 不安的)by her sleep problem.18. W: You had a job interview yesterday, didn’t you? How did it go? M: Not too bad, I guess. There were about 20 candidates (申请求职者, 候选人; 报考者)competing for(为夺取…比赛)the sales manager’s job(营业[销售]主任). And finally it was down to three of us, but the other two seems better qualified(有资格的, 适合的, 胜任的).Q: What does the man imply?A) He is confident he will get the job.B) His chance of getting the job is slim (微小的; 渺茫的, 苗条的; 修长的, 减肥)C) It isn’t easy to find a qualified sales manager.D) The interview didn’t go as well as he expected.Long conversation 1F: Simon, how does it feel to be retired?M: Well, not so bad.F: How have you been spending your time?M: I have been spending more time with my family. I’ve also travelled a bit, you know, off season when everywhere is less crowded and hotels cost less.F: Great.M: You know I haven’t stopped work completely.F: Yes, could you tell us more about this?M: I’m on a scheme(计划, 方案)that’s called phased(定相的)retirement; I had a six-month break from (决裂)work, after that I could apply for project work with the company I used to work for.F: How does the scheme work?M: Well, it’s a trial(测试, 试验, 考验)at the moment. Instead of hiring temporary (临时的, 暂时的, 短时间的)stuff(材料; 东西), the company advertises posts on (把…张贴在…上)its website that retired employees like myself can access(存取(计算机文件)).F: What sort of works advertised?M: Well, all sorts of things, really. Administrative (行政的, 管理的)work and more specialized (专门的,专科的)work, the sort of thing I can do. Some of the projects can last five or six months, and others can just be a couple of days. I can decide more or less when to work. So I can manage my own time.F: I can see it’s good for y ou. What is your company get out of this?M: Well, I still have all my old contacts at work, so I know who to contact to get something done. The company gets flexibility, too. Once the job’s over, that’s it. I’m not on their books any more.Questions 19-21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. Why does Simon find his retired life enjoyable?20. How does Simon get to know about(知道, 了解)the company’s available posts?21. Why does the company adopt(采用, 采纳, 采取; 收养; 正式接受, 通过)the phased retirement scheme?19 A) He can manage his time more flexibly.B) He can renew contact with (与…有交往〔联系〕)his old friends.C) He can concentrate on (专心于, 把思想集中于)his own projects.D) He can learn to do administrative work.20A) Reading its ads in the newspapers.B) Calling its personnel department.C) Contacting its manager.D) Searching its website.21A) To cut down (减少, 降低)its production expenses(费用,开支).B) To solve the problem of staff (全体职员; 教职员)shortage.C) To improve its administrative efficiency.D) To utilize (利用, 使用)its retired employees resources.Long conversation 2W: Oh, where are we going?M: I want to show you something.W: I know, but what is it?M: A farm. It’s just down this road. It’s a small place, but at least (至少)it would be our own.W: A farm? How can we afford (买得起; 提供, 给予)to buy a farm?M: It isn’t very large, only 40 acres(英亩). We wouldn’t have to pay very much right now.W: Is there a house on the place?M: A small one, two bedrooms, but it needs to be fixed up (修理, 修补)a little. I can do the job myself.W: OK. Is there enough space for a kitchen garden(菜园)?M: There is about half an acre around the house. That’s plenty of space.W: Then we can grow our own fresh vegetables. And maybe keep a few chickens(鸡), couldn’t we?M: Yes, and we can probably grow a lot of our own food.W: What are you thinking about growing, if we do take this place?M: Well, it really isn’t big eno ugh for corn. I thought we might try to raise a crop of potatoes.W: Potatoes? There are a lot of works.M: We are used to hard work, aren’t we?W: Yes, we are, but the money. Do we have enough to get started? It seems like a dream.M: I think we’ve save d enough. We can pay a little on the farm and maybe put a few dollars down on the tractor(拖拉机, 牵引机), too.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 22: What are the speakers going to do at the time of the conversation? 23: What does the man say about the farm?24: Why does the man intend (意欲, 打算)to grow potatoes rather than corn on the farm?25: What the woman’s greatest concern (焦虑的原因)about the man’s plan?22.A) Buy a tractor.B) Fix a house.C) See a piece of property(财产; 资产; 所有物).D) Sign a business contract(签一份商业合同).23.A) It is only forty mile s(签约) from where they live.B) It is a small one with a two-bedroom house.C) It was bought at a price lower than expected.D) It has a large garden with fresh vegetables.24.A) Growing potatoes will involve (需要, 使参与, 牵涉)less labor(劳动,努力,工作,劳工,分娩,阵痛).B) Its soil (泥土, 土壤, 土地)may not be very suitable for corn.C) It may not be big enough for raising corn.D) Raising potatoes will be more profitable(有利可图的; 有益的).25. A) Finances (财源, 资金, 财务情况)B) Labor C) Equipment D) Profits Section BPassage OneMembers of the city council (市议会)and distinguished (卓越的; 著名的; 受人尊敬的)guests, it is my privilege(特殊荣幸)to introduce to you today Mr.Robert Washington, chief of our city’s police force(警察部门,警察机关). He will address (演讲; 地址; 向…讲话, 向…发表演说; 写信给…)us on the subject of (关于,论及)the Community Policing(社区配备警察制)Program. Most of you know that Mr. Washington has a distinguished record (经历, 履历; 功过; 记录, 记载) as head of our police force for more than ten years. However, you may not know that he also holds a master’s degree in criminology (犯罪学)and studied abroad for a year with the international police force which deals with crimes around the world. Mr. Washington first introduced the Community Policing Program 8 years ago. The idea behind the program is to get the police officers out of their cars and into our neighborhood when they can talk directly to merchants(商人)and residents(居民)about the real dynamics(动力学、力学)of our city. These officers do more than make arrests(逮捕, 拘留). They try to find ways to help solve the problems that contribute to crime in the first place. Often that means hooking people up with services offered by other city agencies, such as schools, hospitals, housing, drug treatment centers. And the program seems to be working: crime is down and our citizens report that they feel more secure. Today Mr. Washington is going to tell us more about this program. Now let’s welcome Mr. Robert Washington.26. What is the purpose of the speaker’s remarks?He will address us on the subject of community policing program.27. What does the speaker say about Mr. Robert Washington?Most of you know that Mr. Washington has a distinguished record as head of our police force for more than ten years. However, you may not know that he also holds a master’s degree in criminology and studied abroad for a year with the international police force which deals with crimes around the world. Mr. Washington first introduced the community policing program 8 years ago.28. What is the idea behind the Community Policing Program?The idea behind the program is to get the police officers out of their cars and into our neighborhood when they can talk directly to merchants and residents about the real dynamics of our city.29. How has the Community Policing Program turned out to be?And the program seems to be working, crime is down and our citizens report that they feel more secure.26A) To introduce the chief of the city’s police forceB) To comment on a talk by a distinguished guestC) To address the issue (问题, 议题; 争论点)of community securityD) To explain the functions of the city council27A) He has distinguished himself in city managementB) He is head of the International Police ForceC) He completed his higher education abroadD) He holds a master’s degree in criminology28A) To coordinate (使协调; 使调和)work among police departmentsB) To get police officers closer to the local peopleC) To help the residents in times of emergency(紧急情况, 不测事件, 非常时刻)D) To enable the police to take prompt (立刻的, 迅速的, 准时的)action(采取行动, 行动起来)29A) PopularB) DiscouragingC) effectiveD) Controversial(有争议的, 引起争议的)Passage TwoThere are between 3000 and 6000 public languages in the world, and we must add approximately (近似地,大约)6 billion private languages since each one of us necessarily has one. Considering these facts, the possibilities for breakdowns(损坏, 故障) in communication seem infinite (无限的, 无穷的, 无边无际的)in number. However, we do communicate successfully from time to time. And we do learn to speak languages. But learning to speak languages seems to be a very mysterious (神秘的; 难以理解的)process. For a long time, people thought that we learned a language only by imitation (模仿, 仿效)and association(联合, 结合, 交往). For example, a baby touches a hot pot and starts to cry. The mother says, “Hot, hot!” And the baby, when it stops crying, imitates the mother and says, “Hot, hot!” However, Noam Chomsky, a famous ex pert in language, pointed out(指出; 把注意力引向…)that although children do learn some words by imitation and association, they also combine words to make meaningful sentences in ways that are unique, unlearned and creative. Because young children can make sentences(句子)they have never heard before, Chomsky suggested that human infants(婴儿, 幼儿)are born with theability to learn language. Chomsky meant that underneath all the differences between public and private languages, there is a universal (广泛的, 普遍的)language mechanism (办法, 技巧, 途径)that makes it possible for us, as infants, to learn any language in the world. This theory explains the potential(潜力, 潜势, 可能性) that human infants have for learning language. But it does not really explain(讲解, 解释)how children come to use language in particular ways.Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. Why does the speaker say there are great possibilities for communication breakdowns?There are numerous public and private languages.31. What is Choms ky’s point on the ability to learn a language?Human infants are born with the ability to learn language and the potential to learn any language in the world.32. What does Chomsky’s theory fail to explain according to the speaker?It does not really explain how children come to use language in particular ways.30A) People differ greatly in their ability to communicateB) There are numerous languages in existence(存在)C) Most public languages are inherently (固[特、常、原]有的, 本来的, 先天的, 内在的)vague(不具体的; 不精确的)D) Big gaps (不足, 缺陷)exist between private and public languages31A) It is a sign of human intelligenceB) In improves with constant practiceC) It is something we are born with(生而具有)D) It varies (呈现不同)from person to person32A) How private languages are developedB) How different languages are relatedC) How people create their languagesD) How children learn to use language参考答案:26. A) to introduce the chief of the city police force.27. D) He holds a master s degree in criminology.28. B) to get police officers closer to the local people.29. C) Effective.30. B) there are numerous languages in existence.31. C) It is something we are born with.32. D) how children learn to use language.Passage ThreeWhen US spacewoman Joan Higginbotham is not flying and working in space, she might be found somewhere on earth giving a speech. Higginbotham, who grew up in Chicago and became an engineer before joining NASA, which is the National Air and Space Administration, gives about a dozen(一打) speeches a year. Each speech is different because she tailors her remarks to each audience. Through interviews and E-mails, she finds out in advance her listeners educational level and what information they want to know. On the subject of space walks, for example, audiences vary in their interests and how much complexity they can comprehend. To elementary school children, Higginbotham may discuss a problem that many kids want to know about. "How do spacemen in a spacesuit eat,drink, and go to the bathroom?" Her answer is “t he spacesuit is really a small spacecraft with room for food and water-containers, and a waste-collection system.” To a high school audience, she might satisfy a curiosity that often arises in her pre-speech interviews with students who obviously have seen many science fiction movies. “Do spacemen carry weapons in case they encounter enemies in space?” Her answer is "No". To scientists, she might provide technical details on such topics as the extremes of space. Just as elaborate preparation is required for success in space, Higginbotham says that it’s important for speakers to learn as much as possible about their listeners before a speech because every audience is different.33. What did Joan Higginbotham do before joining in NASA?34. How does Higginbotham prepare her speech on space walks?35. What does the high school audience(观众, 听众; 读者) want to know about space travel?33.A) She was a tailor(裁缝)B) She was an engineerC) She was an educatorD) She was a public speaker34.A) Basing them on science-fiction movies.B) Including interesting examples in themC) Adjusting them to different audiencesD) Focusing on the latest progress in space science35.A) Whether spacemen carry weaponsB) How spacesuits protect spacemenC) How NASA trains its spacemenD) What spacemen cat and drinkSection CCrime is increasing worldwide. There is every reason to believe the (36) trend will continue through the next few decades.Crime rates have always been high in multicultural industrialized societies such as the United States. But a new (37) phenomenon has appeared on the world (38) scene-rapidly rising crime rates in nations that previously reported few (39) offenses. Street crimes such as robbery, rape, (41) murder and auto theft are clearly rising, (41) particularly in easternEuropean countries such as Hungary and in western European nations such as the United Kingdom.What is driving this crime (42) explosion? There are no simple answers. Still, there’re certain conditions (43) associated with rising crime. Increasing heterogeneity of populations, greater cultural pluralism, higher immigration, democratization of governments, (44) changing national borders, greater economic growth, and the lack of accepted social ideas of right and wrong.These conditions are increasing observable around the world. For instance, cultures that were previously isolated and homogeneous(同种类的) such as Japan, Denmark, and Greece (45)are now facing the sort of cultural variety that has been common in America for most of its history.Multiculturalism can be a rewarding, enriching experience, but it can also lead to a clash of values. Heterogeneity in societies will be the rule in the 21st century and (46) failure to recognize and plan for such diversity can lead to serious crime problems.。

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2008年12月四级作文: Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bags1.一次性塑料袋曾被广泛的使用2.造成的问题3.限制使用的意义Disposable plastic bags were once widely used in China. When we went shopping at supermarkets and departments stores, shopping assistants often provided free plastic bags for our convenience. For a while, life without them seemed unimaginable for most of us.However, disposable plastic bags do bring severe damage to our environment. Costumers usually threw them away after use, and because they are thin and hard to decompose, these plastic products will exist for a long time. This is an immediate threat to our earth and water.Nowadays, the government has passed relevant regulations for limiting the use of disposable plastic bags: they are not free any more. In some shopping places, in order to invoke the public awareness of environmental protection, plastic bags are offered in a much higher price. As a result, people are changing their behavior: paper and clothing bags that vanished for a long time come back to our daily life. It is true that by limiting its usage, everyone in this society contributes some effort to the improvement of the environment.Plastic bags have been an indispensable part of our daily life for it brings us much convenience. We are so dependent upon plastic bags that use of them is ever increasing. Despite the convenience it brought to people, it also caused a lot of problems among which the environmental pollution was the biggest concern. Plastic bags not only affect the beautifulness of our environment, but also do harm to our health, because they are made of some kind of chemical material which can not be discomposed.Therefore, limiting the use of disposable plastic bags is of great significance. First of all, this policy can reduce pollution and save a lot of resource at the same time; secondly, it contributes a lot of resource at the same time; secondly, it contributes a lot to a more beautiful living environment; last but not least, it can also create a healthier environment for people. In short, we should do our best to limit the use of plastic bags for ourselves and for the next generation.For many years we have been using disposal plastic bags when we are shopping on the market, and most often these bags are offered by the shops for free. This, undoubtedly, has brought us great convenience in our daily life.However, its disadvantages are also very apparent, and I’ll just venture to explore two aspects. For one thing, the plastic bags are mostly indecomposable in the natural state so that with the increasing use of these bags, it will not only seriously bring about the so-called “white pollution” to the environment, it can also cost us a lot to have them decompose completely so as to minimize their damage to the environment. For another, the production of plastic bags are often not strictly supervised, so a large proportion of the bags don’t meet the requirements for healthy products, which means the more we use them, the more likely we are to suffer in health.The negative effects of the plastic bags are far serious than what I’ve mentioned above, so it’s high time the government issued strict laws and measures to stop using the bags. By so doing, we can save a lot of money from producing these bags as well as return a cleaner earth to ourselves and the later generations.Nowadays we may find ourselves surrounded by a sea of disposable plastic bags. And recently the problems of using disposable plastic bags have been brought into people’s focus.First of all, the use of disposable plastic bags causes irreversible harm to our environment. As these bags are not biodegradable, they are blocking the drainage system and causing water pollution. What’s more, customers using disposable plastic bags may think t hat they are of great convenience. But what they don’t quite realize is that there willbe remarkable negative impact on our health. And sometimes careless disposal of these bags may even poison some innocent animals.In view of the severity of this issue, effective measures have been taken in our country. There has been a strict limit on the using of disposable plastic bags in supermarkets, which not only enhances people’s awareness on environmental protection but also cuts down the cost of the running of supermarkets.These days disposal products often hit the headlines of newspapers and have been brought into focus of the public. Indeed, it is widely accepted that they have gained increasing popularity among people in all walks of life. Taking a look around you, you can find examples too numerous to list: When you walk on the street, you can see plastic bags flying over your head; When you ramble along the river, you can find plastic bottles floating on the water; When you stroll in the park with your lover, you can notice waste paper thrown everywhere.Among the most important reasons often cited by people is the quickening pace of modern life. They are often too busy to wash dirty dishes or glasses; as a result they can do nothing but use disposal products. Also playing a part is the improvement of people's life. As a result of the policy of opening and reform, an increasing number of people are much richer than before and can afford disposal products.Admittedly, they might benefit us in a short term. Unfortunately, they will do us harm in more than one way. The major harm is (that) they are sure to pollute the environment. To make matters worse, they are likely to have potential harm to public health. To illustrate this point, I can think of no better example than HP, the river through S. As a result of disposal products in it, the water has caused some diseases in the local people.To sum up, for the factors mentioned before, we can safely reach the conclusion that the prevalence of disposable products is bound to cause a chain of undesirable effects. In view of the present situation, it is high time that the government tried every means to protect the environment. Only in this way, can we have a bright future.。

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