初中英语从句语法小结
初中从句知识点归纳
初中从句知识点归纳一、宾语从句。
1. 定义。
- 在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。
例如:I think (that) he is a good student.(“he is a good student”就是宾语从句,作think的宾语)2. 引导词。
- that:无意义,在句中不作成分,可省略。
例如:He said (that) he would come.- if/whether:表示“是否”,在句中不作成分。
例如:I don't knowif/whether he will come.(注意:一般情况下,if和whether可以互换,但在句首、介词后、与or not连用时,常用whether)- 特殊疑问词(what, who, when, where, why, how等):在从句中作一定的成分。
例如:I don't know what he is doing.(what在从句中作宾语)3. 语序。
- 宾语从句要用陈述句语序,即“引导词+主语+谓语+其他成分”。
例如:Can you tell me where he lives?(而不是where does he live)4. 时态。
- 当主句是一般现在时,宾语从句可以根据实际情况使用任何时态。
例如:I know he is here now.(一般现在时);I know he was here yesterday.(一般过去时);I know he will be here tomorrow.(一般将来时)- 当主句是一般过去时,宾语从句要用相应的过去时态(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)。
例如:He said he was a student.(一般过去时);He said he was reading a book at that time.(过去进行时);He said he would come.(过去将来时);He said he had finished his homework.(过去完成时)- 当宾语从句表示客观事实或真理时,无论主句是什么时态,宾语从句都用一般现在时。
从句知识点总结归纳
从句知识点总结归纳一、从句的定义与分类。
1. 定义。
- 从句是复合句中不能独立成句,但具有主语部分和谓语部分,由that、who、whom、when、why、where、how、which等引导词(Connective)引导的非主句部分。
从句在整个句子中充当一个句子成分。
2. 分类。
- 名词性从句。
- 包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
在句子中起名词作用,可分别作主句的主语、宾语、表语和同位语。
- 形容词性从句(定语从句)- 用来修饰名词或代词,在句中作定语。
- 副词性从句(状语从句)- 在句中作状语,可表示时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式等意义。
二、名词性从句。
1. 主语从句。
- 引导词。
- 从属连词:that、whether。
例如:That he will come is certain.(that引导主语从句,在句中不充当成分,只起连接作用);Whether he will come or notis still a question.(whether表示“是否”,引导主语从句,在句中不充当成分)。
- 连接代词:who、what、which、whom、whose等。
例如:Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet.(who在主语从句中作主语)。
- 连接副词:when、where、why、how等。
例如:How we can solve this problem is very important.(how在主语从句中作方式状语)。
- 注意事项。
- 为避免头重脚轻,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语从句后置。
例如:It is known to all that the earth goes around the sun.2. 宾语从句。
- 引导词。
- 与主语从句基本相同,从属连词that(可省略)、whether/if;连接代词和连接副词。
初中英语语法——定语从句用法总结归纳
初中英语语法——定语从句用法总结归纳定语从句是一种引导句,用来修饰主句中的其中一元素,它可以放在
句子的末尾也可以放在句子的中间,它可以表示人或物的属性、行为,也
可以表示特定的时间、地点,其可以紧挨主语或主句元素。
关于定语从句
用法,可以总结如下:
一、定语从句的关系词
1. 一般情况下,用that 或which来引导定语从句。
2. 当定语从句修饰人的时候,用who或whom来代替that或which。
二、定语从句的排列方式
1.无论是放在句首、句中还是句末,定语从句的顺序是:关系词+主
语+谓语+其他成分。
2.在句尾,定语从句可以省略关系词,但同时必须有清楚的上下文逻
辑关系,以保证语意的正确表达。
三、定语从句使用的特殊情况
1. 当定语从句改变主句的主语时,要使用as 引导定语从句。
2. 当定语从句修饰不明确的物体时,可以用whatever, whichever, who或whom来引导定语从句。
3. 当定语从句的内容被省略时,可以用all, some, any, none, little, few, much, many等来引导定语从句。
初中英语状语从句知识点总结
初中英语状语从句知识点总结状语从句是英语语法中的一个重要部分,它用来修饰或限定主句中的动作或状态。
以下是初中英语状语从句的知识点总结:1. 时间状语从句(Time clauses):用来表示动作发生的时间,常用的连词有when, while, before, after, until, as soon as等。
2. 地点状语从句(Place clauses):用来表示动作发生的地点,常用的连词有where, wherever等。
例如:I will go wherever you go.(无论你去哪儿我都会跟随。
)3. 原因状语从句(Cause clauses):用来表示动作发生的原因,常用的连词有because, since, as等。
4. 结果状语从句(Result clauses):用来表示动作的结果,常用的连词有so, such...that等。
例如:The movie was so interesting that I couldn't stop watching.(这部电影太有趣了,我看得停不下来。
)5. 条件状语从句(Condition clauses):用来表示动作发生的条件,常用的连词有if, unless, provided that等。
例如:If it rains, we will stay at home.(如果下雨,我们会呆在家里。
6. 目的状语从句(Purpose clauses):用来表示动作的目的,常用的连词有in order that, so that等。
例如:I bought a new notebook so that I can take notes in class.(我买了一个新笔记本,这样我可以在课堂上记笔记。
)7. 方式状语从句(Manner clauses):用来表示动作发生的方式,常用的连词有as, as if, as though等。
例如:He speaks as if he knows everything.(他说话的样子就像他什么都知道。
初中重要知识点归纳从句的种类与用法总结
初中重要知识点归纳从句的种类与用法总结从句是语句中的一个部分,由一个主语和一个谓语组成,无法独立存在,必须依附于一个主句才能完整表达意思。
根据它在句中的功能和结构,从句可以分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、定语从句和状语从句等几种类型。
本文将对初中阶段重要的从句种类与用法进行总结。
一、主语从句主语从句在句中充当主语的角色,用来引出句子的主题或说明主句的内容。
例如:1. What he said is true.2. Whether she will come is still uncertain.二、宾语从句宾语从句在句中作为主句的宾语,具体说明主句的动作或状态。
例如:1. They asked me if I could help them.2. I know that he is a good student.三、表语从句表语从句在句中作为主语或宾语的补充,用来补充说明主语或宾语的特点、性质、状态等。
例如:1. The problem is whether we can solve it.2. His dream is to become a doctor.四、定语从句定语从句在句中作为主句中的名词的修饰语,用来对主句中的名词进行限定或修饰。
例如:1. The book that you lent me is very interesting.2. I like the girl whose hair is long and curly.五、状语从句状语从句在句中作为主句的一个状语成分,用来说明主句的时间、原因、目的、条件、方式等情况。
例如:1. I will go to the park if it doesn't rain tomorrow.2. Because I was sick, I couldn't attend the party.需要注意的是,从句的引导词会根据从句的类型和引导的具体内容而有所不同。
初中英语从句语法总结
初中英语从句汇总在英语中,主要有三大从句,即名词性从句(包括主语从句,宾副词性从句(即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等)。
以下是一些基本的从句的语法知识点定语从句:一、定语从句概念定语从句(attributive clause),顾名思义,就是一个句子作定语从属于主句。
定语一般是由形容词充当,所以定语从句又称作形容词从句。
另外,定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的,故又称作关系从句。
定语从句一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后,这种名词或代词被称作先行词。
请看示例:The woman who lives next door is a teacher.1.先行词与关系词先行词就是被定语从句修饰的名词、代词等,它总是出现在定语从句的前面。
关系词指用来引导定语从句的词,分为关系代词和关系副词,关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等,关系副词在定语从句中作状语。
1)关系代词2)关系副词1)判断哪一部分是先行词,先行词指人、物、时间还是原因The book which/that I left here just now is gone. 我刚才放在这里的书不见了。
(the book 是先行词,指物)I'll forever treasure the days which/that we spent on the seashore. 我将永远珍惜咱们在海滨一起度过的那些日子。
(the days, 指时间)2)确定关系词。
既要考虑先行词,又要考虑关系词在从句中充当的成分。
比较: I'll forever treasure the days which/that we spent on the seashore.我将永远珍惜咱们在海滨度过的那些日子。
(先行词是the days,指时间,在定语从句中作spent的宾语,因此选择关系代词which或that)I'll forever treasure the days when we played on the seashore.我将永远珍惜我们在海滨玩耍的那些日子。
初中从句知识点总结讲解
初中从句知识点总结讲解从句是指在一个复合句中,除了主句之外的句子,包括状语从句、名词性从句和定语从句。
在写作中,从句的运用可以使句子更加丰富多样,增加表达的灵活性。
在初中阶段,学生需要掌握从句的种类、引导词和用法,以便在写作和阅读中能够正确地理解和应用。
一、状语从句1. 引导词状语从句的引导词有很多,包括关系副词(when, where, while, before, after, since, until 等),以及连词(because, although, if, unless等)。
这些引导词可以帮助我们理解从句与主句之间的逻辑关系。
2. 用法状语从句用来修饰主句,表示时间、地点、条件、原因等。
例如:When I was young, I used to play in the park.(我小的时候,我常常在公园里玩。
)3. 注意事项状语从句的位置可以灵活变化,可以放在主句之前、之后或中间。
当状语从句放在主句之前时,从句后面要加逗号;而当状语从句放在主句之后时,则不需要逗号。
二、名词性从句1. 引导词名词性从句有三种类型:主语从句(that, whether, who, what)、宾语从句(that, whether, who, what)、表语从句(that, whether, who, what)。
这些引导词在句子中充当名词的角色,可以帮助我们扩展句子的意思。
2. 用法名词性从句可以充当主语、宾语和表语,用来代替一个名词或名词短语。
例如:What he said is true.(他说的是真的。
)3. 注意事项名词性从句通常由连接词that引导,但在口语中也可以省略that。
需要注意的是,在表语从句中,代词what在从句中充当表语而非名词。
三、定语从句1. 引导词定语从句的引导词包括关系代词(who, whom, whose, which, that)和关系副词(when, where, why)。
初中从句知识点总结讲解
中级教育学校从句知识点总结讲解一、什么是从句从句是指在复合句中充当句子成分的一部分的句子。
它可以在主句中作主语、宾语、定语、状语等成分。
从句分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句三种。
二、名词性从句名词性从句可以在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语和同位语等成分,常见的名词性从句有主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
1. 主语从句主语从句在句中充当主语,常用毗连词有that, whether, if等。
例如:- That he is a good student is well known to everyone. 意思是“他是一个好同砚这是大家都知道的。
”- Whether he will come to the party is still uncertain. 意思是“他是否会来参与派对还不确定。
”2. 宾语从句宾语从句在句中充当宾语,常用毗连词有that, whether, if等。
例如:- He said that he would go shopping with me tomorrow. 意思是“他说他明天会和我一起去购物。
”- I don't know whether she can pass the exam.意思是“我不知道她是否能通过考试。
”3. 表语从句表语从句在句中充当表语,常用毗连词有that, whether,if等。
例如:- The fact is that he is a liar.意思是“事实是他是一个说谎者。
”- My concern is whether we can finish the project on time.意思是“我关注的是我们是否能按时完成项目。
”4. 同位语从句同位语从句在句中充当同位语,常用毗连词有that, whether, if等。
例如:- The news that he got the first prize made me happy. 意思是“他获得第一名的消息让我很兴奋。
初中英语语法---状语从句小结
初中英语语法---状语从句小结状语从句是一种作状语用的从句,修饰主句的动词、形容词、副词或修饰全句,补充说明时间、地点、原因、条件、方式、程度、状态等。
根据它表达的意思的不同,可分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句、比较状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句等。
时间状语从句、条件状语从句、结果状语从句、原因状语从句都是中考的重点。
一、时间状语从句时间状语从句表示主句动作发生的时间,引导时间状语从句的连词有when,as, while,before, after, as soon as,till,until,since等。
ﻫuntil用于肯定句中,表示句子的动作一直持续到until短语所表示的时间为止,即表示动作的终点。
一般可译为“直到……时(为止)”或“在……以前”。
在这种用法中,句子的谓语动词必须是持续动词(非瞬间动词),如live, wait, last,love,like, stay,work, contin ue等。
until用于否定句中,表示句子的动作直到until短语所表示的时间才开始发生,即表示动作的起点。
一般译为“直到……才”或“直到……之前(……还不)”ﻫeg. It may las tuntil Friday.这可能要延续到星期五。
ﻫ用于否定句中:ﻫeg. The secretwas never tolduntil after the old man's death.ﻫ这个秘密在老人去世后才说出来。
ﻫﻫ连词until以同样的方式分析作连词的until的用法。
作连词用的until的英文释义是uptothe t ime when(直到……时为止)。
ﻫ作连词的until用于肯定句中,表示主句的动作一直持续到从句动作发生或状态出现时为止。
一般可译为“……直到……为止”。
在这种用法中,主句的谓语动词必须是持续动词(非瞬间动词),如live, wait ,last, love, like, stay,w ork, continue 等。
英语语法初中定语从句用法知识点归纳总结
英语语法初中定语从句用法知识点归纳总结定语从句是英语语法中一个重要的内容,它可以起到修饰名词或代词的作用。
在初中英语学习中,学习定语从句的用法是必不可少的一部分。
下面是对初中阶段定语从句用法的知识点进行归纳总结。
一、定语从句的基本结构与用法定语从句由关系词引导,关系词有:who, whom, whose, which, that 等。
关系词在定语从句中担当某一成分的角色,分为主语关系词和宾语关系词。
1. 主语关系词引导的定语从句:- 关系代词:who, which, that- 关系副词:when, where, why例句:(1) The girl who is playing the piano is my sister.(2) The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting.(3) This is the reason why I am late.2. 宾语关系词引导的定语从句:- 关系代词:whom, which, that- 关系副词:when, where, why例句:(1) The girl whom I met at the party is my classmate.(2) The book which I am reading is very interesting.(3) This is the reason why I am late.二、定语从句的省略定语从句中的关系词在从句中作主语时,可以省略。
但如果关系词在从句中作宾语,不能省略。
例句:(1) The girl (who/that) I met at the party is my classmate.(2) The book (which/that) I am reading is very interesting.三、定语从句的连接词与先行词的关系定语从句中的连接词与先行词之间要保持一致,即在人称、数和性别上要保持一致。
初中英语从句语法小结
初中英语从句语法小结1宾语从句一、定义在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。
二、连结词that: I think that you can pass the exam.Whether/if: I don’t know what the word means.“Wh〞:I don’t know what the word means.I don’t know where he found the book.只用 whether 的状况:1.与or not连用:I don’t know whether it ’s raining or not.2.与动词不定式连用:He doesn’t know whether to accept the invitation.3.连结词前有介词时:It depends on whether he is coming.三、时态1.主句是一般此刻时态,从句依据实质状况而定 ( 各样时态均可 ) She wants to know what he has done for the exam.2.主句是一般过去时态,从句用相应的过去的时态。
1〕She said that she was a student.2〕She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.3〕She said that she had finished her homework already.3.假如从句的是客真谛、自然象或事,从句要用一般在。
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.2定从句一、定在复合句中修名、代的从句叫定从句。
二、先行先行指人 who /that先行指物 which/ that定从句一般跟被修的名或代〔即先行〕后三、关系代关系代取代先行在句子中担当作分,因此从句中不行再出其余取代先行的代四、翻方法“⋯. 的〞与 who的区是假如前面介必用 whom 1. This isthe teacher whomwho we like best.2. I don’t like the boy to whom you are talking.Whose : 指人或物,作定,表示“⋯的〞eg: Harry is the boy whose mother is our math teacher.关系代只好 that的特别状况:1.先行前有序数修:This is the first gift that my parents bought me.2.先行词前有形容词最高等修饰时:This is the most exciting film that I have ever seen.3.先行词是不定代词 something, anything等时 .e.g. Is there anything that you want in this shop4.先行词是人和物时 ,用 that.e.g. He talked about some writers and books that were unknown to us all.5.先行词被 all , little , the only , the very(就是,正是 ), the last等词修饰时 , 只好用 thate.g. This is the last place that I want to visit.6.特别疑问句以 who 或 which 开头,只好用 that 指引 .Who is the girl that is making a speech on the platform?当关系代词前使用介词时:物+介词 +which ; 人+ 介词 + whom当关系代词前使用介词时:e.g. 1. This is the train by which we went to Beijing.2.This is the teacher to whom my mother is talking.3状语从句一、定义在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句,它能够用来修饰谓语〔包含非谓语动词〕、定语或状语,或是整个句子。
初中英语语法-英语从句总结
从句分为定语从句,状语从句和名词从句三大类。
定语从句又分为限定性和非限定性从句两种,由关系代词或关系副词引导,修饰主句的某个成分。
状语从句分为时间、结果、让步、原因、条件及行为方式状语从句。
名词从句包括主语、宾语、表语和同位语从句及there be句型。
主系表结构、主谓(宾)结构、there be结构是英语的三大基本句式,无论一个句子有多长、多复杂,它总是属于这三大句式中的一种。
学习基本句式,句子成分是一个关键的概念,它是指句子的组成单位,不同的句式由不同的句子成分组成。
如:主系表结构的成分有主语、系动词、表语;主谓(宾)结构的成分有主语、谓语、宾语;there be 结构的主要成分是主语。
英语中的句子成分主要有:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、同位语,等等。
这些句子成分可以由单词、词组或句子充当,当这些成分由句子充当时,我们就有了相应的从句,如:充当主语成分的句子为主语从句,充当宾语成分的句子为宾语从句,等等。
英语从句三大类型按一般说法,可分为三大类14种从句。
一,名词性从句1主语从句Whether it's right or not remains to be seen.2宾语从句I wonder whether it's right or not.3同位语从句This is a question whether it's right or not.4表语从句The question is whether it's right or not.二,定语从句1限定性定语从句She is the student who can speak English well.2非限定性定语从句She is the student, who can speak Englishwell.三,状语从句1时间状语从句The fact will come out when he comes here.2地点状语从句You can go wherever you like.3原因状语从句Pay more attention to your lessons because youare a student.4方式状语从句He walks as if he were a king.5目的状语从句She w ent to Japan so that she could learn Japanese well.6结果状语从句She went to Japan so that she learned Japanese well.7条件状语从句I will understand it if he tells me.8让步状语从句He knows a lot though he is little.1.定语从句There are some old books in the box.The boy dressed in blue is from America.分清几个概念:先行词与关系代词/关系副词。
初中英语副词性从句的用法小结
初中英语副词性从句的用法小结副词性从句是句子中充当副词的从句,常用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。
以下是初中英语中常见的副词性从句的用法总结:时间副词性从句:时间副词性从句用来表达时间的概念,常用的引导词包括when(当...的时候)、while(当...的时候)、before(在...之前)、after(在...之后)等。
地点副词性从句:地点副词性从句用来表达地点的概念,常用的引导词包括where(在哪里)、wherever(无论在哪里)、everywhere(到处)等。
原因副词性从句:原因副词性从句用来表达原因或理由,常用的引导词包括because(因为)、since(因为)、as(因为)、why(为什么)等。
条件副词性从句:条件副词性从句用来表达条件或假设的情况,常用的引导词包括if(如果)、as(如果)、unless(除非)等。
目的副词性从句:目的副词性从句用来表达目的或意图,常用的引导词包括so that(以便)、in order that(为了)等。
结果副词性从句:结果副词性从句用来表达结果或影响,常用的引导词包括so (所以)、that(如此)等。
比较副词性从句:比较副词性从句用来进行比较,常用的引导词包括than(比)、as(像)、as...as(和...一样)等。
方式副词性从句:方式副词性从句用来表达方式或方法,常用的引导词包括as (如)、like(像)、the way(方式)等。
转折副词性从句:转折副词性从句用来表达转折或相反的情况,常用的引导词包括although(虽然)、while(然而)、but(但是)等。
总结:副词性从句在句子中起到修饰的作用,在初中英语中有多种用法。
熟练掌握这些用法可以帮助我们更好地理解和运用句子。
因此,我们应该多加练和积累,以提高自己的英语水平。
以上是初中英语副词性从句的用法小结。
初中英语宾语从句知识点归纳
初中英语宾语从句知识点归纳一、.引导词1.从句为陈述句,常选择引导词that,that引导宾语从句无意义,不充当句子成分常省略。
例句:He told us that they would help us through the whole work.2.从句为一般疑问句,常选择引导词if或whether,表示“是否”。
在whether … or not 结构中不能用 if 替换。
例句:I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.3. 从句为特殊疑问句,常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑问代词、副词作引导词。
例句:He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.二、判断时态情况:1.主句是一般现在时,从句可以为各种时态。
2.主句是一般过去时,从句要用相应过去时态。
注意:从句描绘客观事实、真理、自然现象等,从句时态不受主句时态限制,仍用一般现在时。
例句:He answered that he was listening to me.Father told me that practice makes perfect .三、宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序陈述句语序,就是主语在前,谓语动词在后。
错误: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.正确: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job.注意:宾语从句的否定转移主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess 等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致. 例如; I don’t think he will come to my party.而不能说成I think he won’t come to my party.对于宾语从句的考查,多以单选的形式考查学生灵活运用的能力。
英语语法初中定语从句用法知识点归纳总结
英语语法初中定语从句用法知识点归纳总结英语中,定语从句是一种修饰名词或代词的从句结构,在句子中作为定语来使用,用于进一步描述或限定名词或代词的意义。
初中阶段学习英语语法时,定语从句是一个重要的知识点,掌握其用法对于理解和运用英语语法具有重要意义。
本文将对初中英语阶段的定语从句用法进行归纳总结。
一、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词是用来引导定语从句的词汇,常见的关系代词包括:who,whom,whose,which,that。
根据关系代词在定语从句中的作用和意义,可以分为人和物两类。
1. 人称关系代词人称关系代词用来引导修饰人的名词或代词的定语从句,包括who和whom。
(1)who:指代主语,在从句中担任主语。
例句:The girl who is standing over there is my sister.翻译:那个站在那边的女孩是我的姐姐。
(2)whom:指代宾语,在从句中担任宾语。
例句:The woman whom I met yesterday is a doctor.翻译:我昨天遇到的那个女人是一名医生。
2. 物主关系代词物主关系代词用来引导修饰物的名词或代词的定语从句,只有一个形式:whose。
例句:I have a friend whose father works in the hospital.翻译:我有一个朋友,他的父亲在医院工作。
3. 非限制性定语从句中的关系代词非限制性定语从句中的关系代词用来修饰整个主句,起到进一步说明和补充的作用。
例句:My brother Jack, who lives in London, is coming to visit us.翻译:我住在伦敦的兄弟杰克要来看我们了。
二、关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词用来引导定语从句,常见的关系副词包括:where,when,why。
1. where:用来引导修饰地点的定语从句。
例句:This is the school where I study.翻译:这是我学习的学校。
初中英语定语从句总结
定语从句
一:主谓一致
从句中谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致。
1)如果关系词指代前面的句子,从句的谓语动词要用单数。
2)One of +复数n. 做先行词,从句重点谓语动词要与复数n.一致
3)the only one,the very one做先行词,从句中的谓语动词要用单数
二:时态一致
三:关系词:who,whom,that,which,whose,when,where,why,介词+which
Whose = of which 谁的Why = for which为什么
When = 介词+which 指代时间
Where =介词+which 指代地点
*关系词只能用that
1)指物时,先行词或先行词之前有修饰词all,one,none,little,few,much,-thing
2)先行词被序数词或者形容词最高级修饰
3)先行词有the only,the very,the same, the last,the next修饰
4)先行词又有人又有物
5)以who或者which开头的特殊疑问句
四:限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句
限定性定语从句:紧接先行词,在先行词之前不能用“,”;可省略关系词
非限定性定语从句:在先行词之前用“,”;关系词不能用that;指物用which,指人用who,指整句用which,as;不能省略关系词
五:解题步骤
1)分清主句和定语从句
2)确定定语从句的先行词
3)把先行词带入从句中,看其在从句中做什么成分(主语/ 宾语)
4)根据语法找对关系词。
中考英语必考语法-定语从句用法小结(附练习及解析)
中考英语必考语法-定语从句用法小结(附练习及解析)定语从句是一种形容词的关系从句,由关系代词或关系副词引导。
初中英语中的定语从句仅限于限制性定语从句。
一、英语中的定语从句的位置。
英语中的定语从句始终要放在被修饰的词之后。
如:The man(先行词)who / that I saw at the school gate yesterday (定语从句)is my English teacher.昨天我在校门口看见的那个人是我的英语老师。
二、英语从句中的句型结构比较复杂,有先行词、关系代词或关系副词。
被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词或关系副词。
限制性关系分句和它的先行项的所指意义有着不可分割的联系。
关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用,关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中要充当一个成分。
关系代词在句中可作主语、宾语或定语,关系副词在句中作状语。
如:I am waiting for the boy(先行词)who /that(关系代词)is wearing a red coat. (主语)我正在等穿着红色外套的那个男孩。
The dictionary (先行词)that / which(关系代词)my sister gave me last Sunday is very expensive.(宾语)我姐姐上周星期天给我的那本字典很贵。
The woman is his mother(先行词)whose(关系代词)name is Linda Brown. (定语)那个是他的母亲,名叫琳达·布朗。
That is the house (先行词) where (关系副词)my father used to live.(状语)那是我父亲曾经居住过的房子。
三、初中英语中定语从句关系代词或关系副词的具体用法。
1. who指人(也可用that),在定语从句中作主语,也可作宾语。
初中英语宾语从句、定语从句语法小结
初中英语宾语从句、定语从句语法小结宾语从句一、定义在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。
二、连接词that: I think that you can pass the exam.Whether/if: I don’t know what the word means.“Wh”: I don’t know what the word means.I don’t know where he found the book.只用whether的情况:1. 与or not连用:I don’t know whether it’s raining or not.2. 与动词不定式连用:He doesn’t know whether to accept the invitation.3. 连接词前有介词时:It depends on whether he is coming.三、时态1. 主句是一般现在时态,从句根据实际情况而定(各种时态均可) She wants to know what he has done for the exam.2.主句是一般过去时态,从句用相应的过去的时态。
1)She said that she was a student.2)She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.3)She said that she had finished her homework already.3. 如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时,这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.定语从句一、定义在复合句中修饰名词、代词的从句叫定语从句。
二、先行词先行词指人who /that先行词指物which/ that定语从句一般紧跟被修饰的名词或代词(即先行词)后三、关系代词关系代词代替先行词在句子中担当成分,所以从句中不可再出现其他代替先行词的代词四、翻译方法“….的”Whom: 先行词指人,则代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语(包括介词的宾语), 与who的区别是如果前面带介词则必须用whom1. This is the teacher whomwho we like best.2. I don’t like the boy to whom you are talking.Whose : 指人或物,作定语,表示“…的”eg: Harry is the boy whose mother is our math teacher.关系代词只能that 的特殊情况:1.先行词前有序数词修饰时:This is the first gift that my parents bought me.2.先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时:This is the most exciting film that I have ever seen.3. 先行词是不定代词something, anything等时.e.g. Is there anything that you want in this shop4. 先行词是人和物时, 用that.e.g. He talked about some writers and books that were unknown to us all.5. 先行词被all , little , the only , the very(就是,正是), the last 等词修饰时,只能用thate.g. This is the last place that I want to visit.6. 特殊疑问句以who 或which 开头,只能用that引导.Who is the girl that is making a speech on the platform?当关系代词前使用介词时:物+介词+which ; 人+ 介词+ whom当关系代词前使用介词时:e.g. 1. This is the train by which we went to Beijing.2. This is the teacher to whom my mother is talking.。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
初中英语从句语法小结1 宾语从句一、定义在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。
二、连接词that: I think that you can pass the exam.Whether/if: I don’t know what the word means.“Wh”: I don’t know what the word means.I don’t know where he found the book.只用whether的情况:1. 与or not连用:I don’t know whether it’s raining or not.2. 与动词不定式连用:He doesn’t know whether to accept the invitation.3. 连接词前有介词时:It depends on whether he is coming.三、时态1. 主句是一般现在时态,从句根据实际情况而定(各种时态均可) She wants to know what he has done for the exam.2.主句是一般过去时态,从句用相应的过去的时态。
1)She said that she was a student.2)She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.3)She said that she had finished her homework already.3. 如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时,这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.2 定语从句一、定义在复合句中修饰名词、代词的从句叫定语从句。
二、先行词先行词指人 who /that先行词指物 which/ that定语从句一般紧跟被修饰的名词或代词(即先行词)后三、关系代词关系代词代替先行词在句子中担当成分,所以从句中不可再出现其他代替先行词的代词四、翻译方法“….的”Whom: 先行词指人,则代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语(包括介词的宾语), 与who的区别是如果前面带介词则必须用whom1. This is the teacher whomwho we like best.2. I don’t like the boy to whom you are talking.Whose : 指人或物,作定语,表示“…的”eg: Harry is the boy whose mother is our math teacher.关系代词只能 that 的特殊情况:1.先行词前有序数词修饰时:This is the first gift that my parents bought me.2.先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时:This is the most exciting film that I have ever seen.3. 先行词是不定代词something, anything等时.e.g. Is there anything that you want in this shop4. 先行词是人和物时, 用that.e.g. He talked about some writers and books that were unknown to us all.5. 先行词被all , little , the only , the very(就是,正是), the last 等词修饰时,只能用thate.g. This is the last place that I want to visit.6. 特殊疑问句以who 或which 开头,只能用that引导.Who is the girl that is making a speech on the platform?当关系代词前使用介词时:物+介词+which ; 人+ 介词 + whom当关系代词前使用介词时:e.g. 1. This is the train by which we went to Beijing.2. This is the teacher to whom my mother is talking.3 状语从句一、定义在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句,它可以用来修饰谓语(包括非谓语动词)、定语或状语,或是整个句子。
二、状语从句一般分为八大类时间状语从句地点状语从句原因状语从句目的状语从句结果状语从句条件状语从句方式状语从句让步状语从句1. 时间状语从句When ---当……时候, 通常指某一特定的时间点,主句与从句的动作同时发生。
When I opened the window, I saw him come up.When --- 正在……的时候,突然…。
通常主句是进行时或 be about to 时,在翻译的时候,when 可以译成没想到或突然。
I was walking along the street , when I met him.When 当从句是进行时,主句是一般时,往往表示不满。
Someone knocked at the door when I was having breakfast.When=afterWhen the children had gone to bed, she began to prepare her lessons. While ---在……期间,往往指一段时间。
While we were inAmerica, we saw him twice.While ---表示一种不满情绪,意思是这边在干某种重要的事,而另一边在享受等。
We are cleaning the classroom while they are playing the football. As --- 一边……一边, 随着She was doing her homework as she was listening to the music.As --- 当……时,指一个动作紧接着一个动作发生,从句通常用进行时。
As I was going out, it began to rain.The moment --- 一……就…… =as soon as , immediately,---Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?---Yes, I gave her the moment I saw her.Not… until --- 直到……才He didn’t leave the office until he finished the work.Before --- 在……之前The passengers should arrive at the airport an hour before the flight departs.After ---在……之后The customer left the ticket counter after he had a quarrel with the ticket agent.Since ---自从……,通常主句用现在完成时I have never been there again since I graduated from the university. It is just a week since we arrived here.As soon as --- 一……就……Jack went to school as soon as he got well.No sooner than --- 一……就……no sooner…than…用于句首要求倒装Hardly …when…Scarcely …when…No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.Once --- 一但……就……Once you see him, you will never forget him.Every time, each time 每次whenever 每当Each time he came to town, he would visit our school.2. 条件状语从句引导状语从句的连接词有:If如果, unless除非, as long as只要, As (so) far as --- 据……所知,in case万一, provided that假如, on condition that若是,以…为条件If ---如果If you don’t hurry up, you will miss the plane.Unless --- 如果不, 除非=if notWe can’t get there on time unless we book the earliest flightAs long as --- 只要We will succeed as long as we keep on trying.As (so) far as --- 据……所知As far as I know, he speaks English very well.In case --- 假使, 如果The plane cannot take off in case it rains.Provided that 如果,有时省略 thatThe plane will be in good condition provided that it is taken care of carefully.On condition that --- 条件是…He said that he would come to the meeting on condition that no one asked him to speak.注:主从句的动作发生在将来时,则主句用将来时, 从句用一般现在时。
If he arrives tomorrow, I will be waiting for him at the airport.地点状语从句只有两个连词: Where, whereverWhere --- 在……地方Where there is a will, there is a way.Wherever --- 无论哪里Wherever you are, I will be right there waiting for you.4. 原因状语从句because, as, since, now that, 和considering that, seeing that 这六个连词都用于表示表示原因, 但在语气上一个比一个弱.Because --- 因为,通常从句放在主句后.Mr Smith was very upset because he couldn’t find his luggage.As --- 因为, 通常放在句首As he is honest and modest, all his friends like him.Since ---既然因语气较弱, 常译为既然(众所周知的原因)Since everybody has come, we can set off.Now that --- 既然Now that you are here, you can join us.considering that --- 顾及到Considering that they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.seeing that --- 由于Seeing (that) quite a few people were absent, we decided to put the meeting off.引导结果状语从句的连词有:that, so that, so…that…such…that So… that --- 太……以至于 so 后面应用形容词或副词, 有时省略so只用thatBoeing 747 is so large that people like to call it jet bomb喷气炸弹. So that --- 因而,以便,为了有时so 可以省去Speak louder please so that the people at the back can hear you.Such …that… ---太……以至于用法与so…that相同,但such 后面应用名词。