2019年考研英语翻译失分原因(二)：处理不周全

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英译汉典型问题和失分原因分析

翻译历年得分不⾼，⼤部分考⽣对结构复杂的英语句⼦，在正确理解和通顺表达⽅⾯困难很多。

有的考⽣看不懂原⽂，翻译起来困难重重；有的考⽣能看懂句⼦，翻译出来意思却⾛了样。

这其中除了有基础和经验⽅⾯的原因，更重要的可能是以下两点造成的： 1.不了解英汉两种语⾔的区别，理解时缺乏英语思维，表达时⼜不能⽤汉语思维。

英语和汉语是两种完全不同的语⾔，从考研英语的翻译句⼦来看，英语重形合，⽽汉语重意合；英语⽤长句多，汉语⽤短句多；英语⽤被动多，汉语⽤主动多；英语善于变化，汉语则喜欢重复。

由于考⽣不了解这些规律，做英译汉时往往⽣搬硬套，结果译⽂貌合神离，既不像英语也不像汉语，既谈不上准确，也谈不上完整，更谈不上通顺，得分当然不⾼。

请翻译下句： He describes their programs and tactics， and for those unfamiliar with the ways of creationists， the extent of their deception and distortion may come as an unpleasant surprise. 再如： What a telling picture the Moscow summit made. Bill Clinton looking very weary and spent， his head sunk in his hands， his lips tight in a glum line as reporters badgered him about Monica. 2.词汇障碍是考⽣丢分的主要原因。

就划线句⼦⽽⾔，许多考⽣不认识其中的单词；有的单词似曾相识，但对其确切的含义不知；⽽句中的习语、短语和复合词、派⽣词等更是翻译的障碍。

另外，即使认识单词，还存在词义选择这个问题。

例如： To choose such a line of work is to invite ridicule. （1988年67题）下⾯略举⼏例涉及到词义选择的句⼦： 1994年72题： “In short”，a leader of the new school contends，“the scientific revolution， as we call it， was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.” 1996年72题： This trend began during the Second World War， when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail. 3.粗⼼⼤意，做题时没有看清单词的拼写，或平时学习时根本就不细⼼，导致对⼀些常见单词的拼写和意思摸棱两可，译出来的句⼦也就莫名其妙，甚⾄让⼈捧腹⼤笑。

考研英语翻译常出现的问题及对策

考研英语翻译常出现的问题及对策考研英语翻译得分率并不高，经过观察我们可以发现，一般来说有几个失分的普遍问题。

小编为大家精心准备了考研英语翻译普遍的问题和应对方法，欢迎大家前来阅读。

考研英语翻译普遍的问题和策略1.长难句结构划分不清晰划分英语长难句结构，是理解英语句子含义的基础。

许多同学反映，一看到长句就恐慌;再加上几个不认识的单词，根本无从下手，不知道原文在表达什么，所以只能认识几个单词就翻译几个单词，写出的译文自己都不知所云。

事实上，要成功翻译一篇英文文章，既要对英语原文理解正确无误，又要把汉语表达得流畅通顺。

但在这两者中，正确理解原文既是起点也是关键。

而要做到正确理解原文，就需要有扎实的英语语言基础，特别是英语句型结构知识和正确分析英语句子结构的能力。

2.逻辑关系梳理不明确在正确理解原文句子结构的基础上，如果局限于原文的句子结构，没有真正弄懂各句之间的逻辑关系，也会造成误译。

这是因为，英语中的许多连接词本身就有不同的含义，比如 as ，既可以引导原因状语从句，也可以引导时间状语从句和定语从句，还能和其他词构成新的引导词和短语等;而且某些连接词引导的从句的表面逻辑关系与实际逻辑关系并不相同，比如所有的定语从句看起来都是作定语，但实际上有时却从原因、结果、目的或条件等方面对被修饰词加以限定，所以为了更确切地表达这种逻辑关系，往往将一些定语从句译成相应的状语从句。

另外，在正义反说或反义正说方面，还有对状语是修饰限定动词还是整句话，某些词语是作状语还是作定语，或者是否存在否定转移的理解等，都可能造成逻辑关系的误译。

3.词意把握不到位一位语言学家曾经说过：“在新的上下文里使用的每一个词都是新词。

”英语中普遍存在一些一词多义、一词多类的现象，除了一些专有名词之外，几乎没有绝对等值的词语。

正是词的这种多义性和变义性，决定了对英语词义的理解及其汉语表达是英译汉的难点所在。

所以，对于英译汉中每个词语的翻译都需要仔细斟酌，不可轻易凭经验而译。

2019考研英语二阅读理解真题及答案解析text1

2019考研英语二阅读理解真题及答案解析text12019年考研英语二阅读理解第一部分讲的是情绪有关的内容，小编为大家提供2019考研英语二阅读理解真题及答案解析text1，一起来看看吧！2019考研英语二阅读理解真题text1Text 1Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a little later, in conjunction with a child’s growing grasp of social and moral norms. Children aren’t born knowing how to say “I’m sorry”; rather, they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends—and their own consciences. This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing: A child who claims responsibility for knocking over a tower and tries to rebuild it is engaging in behavior that’s not only reparative but also prosocial.In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad rap. It evokes Freud’s ideas and religious hang-ups. More important, guilt is deeply uncomfortable—it’s the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. Who would inflict it upon a child? Yet this understanding is outdated. “There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and what role guilt can serve,” Vaish says, adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren’t bi nary—feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another. Jealousy and anger, for example, may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities. Too much happiness (think mania) can be destructive.And guilt, by prompting us to think more deeply about ourgoodness, can encourage humans to atone for errors and fix relationships. Guilt, in other words, can help hold a cooperative species together. It is a kind of social glue.Viewed in this light, guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malti, a psychology professor at the University of Toronto, suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency. In a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy (and its close cousin empathy) may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing. Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt, which can rein in their nastier impulses. And vice versa: High sympathy can substitute for low guilt.In a 2014 study, for example, Malti and a colleague looked at 244 children, ages 4, 8, and 12. Using caregiver assessments and the children’s self-observations, they rated each child’s overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions (like guilt and sadness) after moral transgressions. Then the kids were handed stickers and chocolate coins, and given a chance to share them with an anonymous child. For the low-sympathy kids, how much they shared appeared to turn on how inclined they were to feel guilty. The guilt-prone ones shared more, even though they hadn’t magically become more sympathetic to the other child’s deprivation.“That’s good news,” Malti says. “We can be prosocial because of our empathetic proclivity, or because we caused harm and we feel regre t.”21. Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help__________.A. regulate a child’s basic emotionsB. improve a child’s intellectual abilityC. intensify a child’s positive feelingsD. foster a child’s moral development22. According to Paragraph 2, many people still guilt to be _________.A. deceptiveB. addictiveC. burdensomeD. inexcusable23. Vaish holds that the rethinking about guilt comes from an awareness that________.A. an emotion can play opposing rolesB. emotions are socially constructiveC. emotional stability can benefit healthD. emotions are context -independent24. Malti and others have shown that cooperation and sharing_______.A. may help correct emotional deficienciesB. can bring about emotional satisfactionC. can result from either sympathy or guiltD. may be the outcome of impulsive acts25. The word “transgressions” (line4 para5) is closest in meaning to________.A. wrongdoingsB. discussionsC. restrictionsD. teachings2019考研英语二阅读理解答案解析text121. 答案【A】fost er a child’smoral development解析：本题目为因果关系题，考察因果关系对应关系。

2019年考研英语二翻译真题答案及来源分析

2019年考研英语二:翻译真题答案及来源分析2019年考研英语二：翻译真题答案及来源分析2019年翻译真题，经过命题人改编，完全符合英语二翻译部分大纲要求，总字数为156个词，有8句话，难度与2019年年初翻译难度相当。

真题和答案如下，大家参考。

若有错误，请指正：Think about driving a route that’s very familiar. It could be your commute to work, a trip into town or the way home. Whichever it is, you know every twist and turn like the back of your hand. On these sorts of trips it’s easy tozone out from the actual(命题人改编为：lose concentration on the) driving and pay little attention to the passing scenery. The consequence is that you perceive that the trip has taken less time than it actually has.设想一下，你正开车行驶在一条非常熟悉的路线上。

可以是你每天上下班、去城里、或者回家的路。

不管是什么路，你对每一个拐每一个弯都了如指掌，非常熟悉。

在这样的路途中，我们容易在开车的时候心不在焉，对途中的景色也几乎是全然不顾。

结果是你觉得路途上所花的时间比实际要少。

This is the well-travelled road effect: people tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel a familiar route.这就是所谓的“熟悉路线效应”：人们往往会低估在熟悉的线路上所花费的时间。

【参考文档】201X年考研英语翻译题型失分原因分析word版本 (4页)

本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==201X年考研英语翻译题型失分原因分析考研英语翻译题型十分的原因是什么呢，下面小编为大家精心搜集了关于201X年考研英语翻译题型失分原因的分析，欢迎大家参考借鉴，希望可以帮助到大家!死扣答案+缺乏英美文化误译在英译汉中切勿只死扣于标准答案，只要在进行翻译处理时能够做到以上两点就可以取得翻译部分的部分分值。

在英译汉中，没有最好，只有更好。

只能尽可能的避免错误，绝对不可能不犯错误。

同时考生在准备这部分的时候出现的错误也可以说是千奇百怪，让人捉摸不透。

其中导致这些错误现象出现的最大罪魁祸首就是缺乏文化背景知识。

语言与文化是密切相联系的，且文化与语言的相互影响也是尤其深的。

在英译汉还是汉译英的实践中，无论是日常交往还是正式场合，其中都不乏对英美文化了解不够而造成的误译。

因此做好英汉翻译的基础工作——了解英美语言国家的文化，是非常必要的。

若想了解英美语言国家文化，最好的方式就是浸泡在这样的环境中。

当然，这是不太现实的。

考生却可以通过各种现实途径，例如报纸、网络及报刊杂志等途径来积极了解英美文化。

因此，建议各位考生可以在平时的备考过程中，利用各种途径去“搜集”一些与英美文化联系密切的时文。

尤其是在即将要上战场的最后备战阶段，估计大家现在很难再静下心去“啃”那些英语原文文章，因此这段时间，考生可以看一些文章的中文版时文。

只有对出题人比较关注的热点给予更多关注，才能够在选取额阅读材料时有一定的方向性，并在大量的阅读中尽可能多的去吸收更多的英美文化知识。

处理不周全在对英文句子进行翻译处理的时候，考生很容易陷入这样一个误区：在快速浏览句子后，考生可以对句子最基本的意思有一定的了解。

但是当对句子的一些细节部分进行处理的时候，考生却容易在部分细节处理上不能做到周全。

要成功翻译一篇英文文章，既要对英语原文理解正确无误，又要把汉语表达得流畅通顺。

汉译英常见错误解决方法

汉译英常见错误解决方法在进行汉译英时，常常会出现一些错误。

本文将介绍一些常见的错误及其解决方法，以帮助大家提升翻译质量。

1. 字词意义混淆这是翻译过程中常见的错误。

有时候，我们可能会将一个汉语词语错误地翻译成英语中意义相近但不准确的词汇，导致翻译出现偏差。

解决方法：仔细查阅相关词典和语料库，确保正确理解所要翻译的词语的意思，并选择准确的英语词汇进行翻译。

2. 语法错误中文和英文的语法结构有许多不同之处，这导致在翻译中常常出现语法错误。

解决方法：研究英文的语法规则，特别是句子结构、时态和语序等方面的规则。

在翻译过程中，仔细检查每个句子的语法结构，确保语法的准确性。

3. 文化差异导致的误解汉译英过程中还可能由于文化差异而引发误解。

有些中文短语在英文中可能没有一个直接的对应词汇，造成理解上的困难。

解决方法：了解英语国家的文化背景和惯用语，提高对英文读者的表达方式的敏感度。

在翻译过程中，根据上下文和意境选择最合适的表达方式，以准确传达想要表达的含义。

4. 缺乏上下文信息有时候，汉译英过程中可能会遇到缺乏上下文信息的情况，这导致翻译的准确性受到影响。

解决方法：尽量收集更多的上下文信息，并与原文作者或其他资源进行交流，以获得更准确的信息。

在翻译中，可以通过添加注释或提出合理猜测来弥补缺失的信息。

5. 机械字面翻译有时候，我们可能因为急于完成翻译任务，而只进行机械字面翻译，而忽视了语言的表达和流畅性。

解决方法：在翻译过程中，注重语言的表达和流畅性。

灵活运用各种翻译技巧和手段，确保翻译的准确性和自然流畅。

希望以上的解决方法对于解决汉译英常见错误有所帮助。

不同的翻译任务可能存在不同的问题，因此在每个具体场景下要灵活运用解决方法。

加强对英语的学习和积累，提高翻译质量是我们的长久目标。

英语失分原因和改进措施

英语失分原因和改进措施
英语失分的原因可能有很多，具体情况因人而异。

首先，可能是因为缺乏足够的词汇量和语法知识，导致在阅读、写作和听力等方面出现困难。

另外，可能是因为缺乏练习和应试技巧，导致在考试中不能有效地应对各种题型。

此外，也有可能是缺乏对英语文化和背景知识的了解，导致在理解和表达上出现偏差。

为了改进英语成绩，可以采取一些措施。

首先，建议加强词汇和语法的学习，可以通过背单词、阅读英文书籍和文章来扩大词汇量，通过做语法练习来加强语法知识。

其次，建议多进行听力和口语练习，可以通过听英文广播、看英文电影和与外国人交流来提高听力和口语能力。

此外，还可以通过写作练习来提高表达能力，可以多写作文、作文和日记等来提高写作水平。

最后，也建议多了解英语国家的文化和习俗，可以通过阅读相关书籍和了解当地的风土人情来增进对英语文化的了解。

总的来说，提高英语成绩需要系统性的学习和练习，同时也需要对英语文化有一定的了解。

通过持之以恒的努力和不断的实践，相信英语成绩一定会有所提高。

翻译中的常见翻译错误和解决方法

翻译中的常见翻译错误和解决方法在全球化的背景下，翻译已经成为了人们日常生活的一部分，它在促进不同国家、不同文化交流方面发挥着重要作用。

但是，在翻译的过程中，常常会出现一些翻译错误，比如语言糅杂、失传与转移等。

这种翻译错误会对交流造成影响，甚至给双方带来不必要的麻烦。

因此，本文将会讨论翻译中的常见翻译错误和相应的解决方法，以期帮助翻译者提高翻译质量和效率。

一、语言糅杂由于语言之间的相似之处、语法等规则的相同性，人们经常会将其他语言中的单词或短语与目标语言中的单词或短语混合在一起，从而产生语言糅杂的问题。

例如，法语中的“la mode”，翻译为汉语应该是“时尚”，但是有些人会翻译成“时髦”的意思，这就是明显的语言糅杂。

解决方法：1. 深入学习目标语言语法和词汇，了解其独特的语言规则和用法；2. 在进行翻译之前，对原文进行全文阅读，确保全面理解原文。

需要注意的是，不要只是把每个单词的意思翻译过去，而应该理解它们在上下文中的含义；3. 学会利用语境进行翻译，避免简单将原文词汇进行转换。

二、失传与转移失传与转移是翻译中常见的问题。

比如，源语言是英语的一篇文章，其中出现了一些缩写词，而目标语言文化与源语言文化不同，可能并不知道这些缩写词的具体含义，因此，翻译时就可能出现失传和转移问题。

解决方法：1. 翻译人员可以使用参考资料或网络资源，查询缩写词的具体含义；2. 对于翻译中出现的缩写词或未知词汇，可以进行逐一翻译，并在文中标注注解，给读者更多的信息；3. 在进行翻译之前，需要对原文进行仔细分析，对一些特定的缩写词或专业术语提前进行研究，避免出现翻译漏洞。

三、文化误解在不同的文化背景下，有些词语的含义是不同的。

处理这些文化误解时需要注意，因为误解会导致交流的失败或错误的理解。

解决方法：1. 在进行翻译时需要对源语言的文化背景，相应目标语言的文化背景都有一定了解。

2. 翻译人员需要向双方用户解释文化差异，并做一些针对性的调整。

2019考研英语翻译失分分析：词汇匮乏

2019考研英语翻译失分分析：词汇匮乏做好翻译题目的第一步就是要对英语综合知识有一个整体且具体的掌握，有其对句子结构及句子成分的分析及在实行翻译处理时采取的必要步骤。

举个例子：Now some merchants have been exposed to the charge that they reserve their soya bean with ulterior motives。

仔细分析整个句子，我们不难发现：该句中的that从句不是charge的定语从句，而是它的同位语从句，因为that在从句中不做任何成分，不符合定语从句的用法，所以that不是关系代词，只能作为连词来引导charge的同位语从句，来进一步解释charge的内容。

所以，应该翻译为“...被指责，说...”，这样这个句子就能够译为：(1) 现在有些商人已经收到了这样的谴指责，即他们储存大豆有其不可告人的目的;或者(2)现在有些商人已经被指责，说他们储存大豆有其不可告人的目的。

若是在实行翻译处理的时候，考生将that译为charge的定语从句，就会使这个句子被误译为：现在有些商人已经收到他们储存大豆有其不可告人目的的指责。

只要将这个句子翻译为charge的同位语从句，就能够理顺原文的逻辑关系，从而使译文更加忠实通顺。

在考研英语翻译中除了要解决必要的词汇问题，即在考场上不能见到一个句子，10个单词7个不理解，这样的情况下基本下考研就能够开始着手准备明年的考试了;第二个在准备翻译模块时应该注意的就是对英语基础语法知识的梳理。

其中最基本的就是五大基本句型及各种句子成分及其在句中的表现形式;若是在翻译上，考生对词汇及语法没有什么大的问题后，接下来要处理的就是之前和大家讲过的这些翻译技巧以及英汉语言之间的区别。

其实我们不难发现，往往汉语表达习惯及逻辑没有问题的学生往往在复习英译汉模块时会对语言的细节之处尤其敏感，这样考生就能够充分利用这些“敏感点”，即对英汉语言表达区别的掌握。

考研英语阅读失分的主要原因有哪些

考研英语阅读失分的主要原因有哪些英语阅读在考研英语科目中的重要性不言而喻，所谓“得阅读者得天下”也是有一定道理的。

英语阅读作为经典题型从初中到考研一直陪伴这大家，相信大家在熟悉不过了。

虽然题型很固定，但每年栽在阅读上面的同学也不在少数。

很多同学都是文章读的不是很明白，没有通篇理解整个文章的含义，进而选错答案，丢掉分数。

其实大家英语阅读的分数不高，主要可以归结为以下几个原因。

一、词汇量不够。

我们知道，词汇是构成文章的最基本的单位和要素，试想，一篇文章中有多个关键词不理解的话，学生也就很难把控整个语篇。

所以，对于考生来说，必须具备最基本的词汇量才能为自己的阅读奠定基础。

二、语法知识匮乏。

有的学生一看到长的、复杂的句子，就不知所措，所以也就影响到最终的阅读效果。

所以考生对于英语中最基本的语法知识应该有所了解，这样看到了长的、复杂的句子时才能理顺前后的关系，才能克服畏惧的心理，才能顺利地进行阅读下去，做起题目来才能胸有成竹。

三、知识面过窄。

在进行高考专项复习时，我发现不少学生一读到类似说明、科普等类型的文章时，就不知所云，对文本涉及的话题一无所知，无从下手。

纵观近年的考研阅读，内容均涉及到人文、地理、文学、风俗等众多话题。

所以学生的知识面过窄也是阅读得分不高的重要原因之一。

四、阅读技巧的缺乏。

不少学生没有养成良好的阅读习惯，比如：遇到生词就求助字典，缺乏构词法的相关知识，缺乏猜词技巧，阅读训练时不能自觉地进行限时训练等。

还有一些学生喜欢把整篇文章从头到尾翻译，但是不能够把握文章的主旨大意、文章的线索及作者的写作思路，不会寻找主题句。

找到原因，我们就可以对症下药，提高阅读首先要从背单词开始，大家不应该只局限大纲的5500个单词，如果有时间，不妨多背一些单词，以扩大自己的词汇量。

知识面过窄，大家可以多看英语新闻，看英语报纸，上英语网站，甚至和老外聊天，时间久了，不仅对英语口语有很大提高，对英语文化也会更加了解。

【考研英语】2019年考研英语二冲刺翻译

2019 考研英语二冲刺翻译2019考研英语二冲刺翻译2015翻译Think about driving a route that’s very familiar. It could be your commute to work, a trip into town or the way home. Whichever it is, you know every twist and turn like the back of your hand. On these sorts of trips it’s easy to lose concentration on the driving and pay little attention to the passing scenery. The consequence is that you perceive that the trip has taken less time than it actually has.This is the well-travelled road effect: people tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel a familiar route.The effect is caused by the way we allocate our attention. When we travel down awell-known route, because we don’t have to concentrate much, time seems to flow more quickly. And afterwards, when we come to think back on it, we can’t remember the journey well because we didn’t pay much attention to it. So we assume it was shorter.1. Think about driving a route that’s very familiar.2. It could be your commute to work, a trip into town or the way home.3. Whichever it is, you know every twist and turn like the back of your hand.4. On these sorts of trips it’s easy to lose concentration on the driving and pay little attention to the passing scenery.5. The consequence is that you perceive that the trip has taken less time than it actually has.2019 考研英语二冲刺翻译6. This is the well-travelled road effect: people tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel a familiar route.7. The effect is caused by the way we allocate our attention.8. When we travel down a well-known route, because we don’t have to concentrate much, time seems to flow more quickly.9. And afterwards, when we come to think back on it, we can’t remember the journey well because we didn’t pay much attention to it.10. So we assume it was shorter.2016翻译The supermarket is designed to lure customers into spending as much time as possible within its doors. The reason for this is simple: The longer you stay in the store, the more stuff you’ll see, and the more stuff you see, the more you’ll buy. And supermarkets contain a lot of stuff. The average supermarket, according to the Food Marketing Institute, carries some 44,000 different items, and many carry tens of thousands more. The sheer volume of available choice is enough tosend shoppers into a state of information overload. According to brain-scan experiments, the demands of so much decision-making quickly become too much for us. After about 40 minutes of shopping, most people stop struggling to be rationally selective, and instead begin shopping emotionally – which is the point at which we accumulate the 50 percent of stuff in our cart that we never intended buying.1. The supermarket is designed to lure customers into spending as much time as possible within its doors.2. The reason for this is simple: The longer you stay in the store, the more stuff you’ll see, and the more stuff you see, the more you’ll buy.3. And supermarkets contain a lot of stuff.4. The average supermarket, according to the Food Marketing Institute, carries some 44,000 different items, and many carry tens of thousands more.5. The sheer volume of available choice is enough to send shoppers into a state of information overload.6. According to brain-scan experiments, the demands of so much decision-making quickly become too much for us.7. After about 40 minutes of shopping, most people stop struggling to be rationally selective, and instead begin shopping emotionally – which is the point at which we accumulate the 50 percent of stuff in our cart that we never intended buying.2017翻译My dream has always been to work somewhere in an area between fashion and publishing. Two years before graduating from secondary school, I took a sewing and design course thinking that I would move on to a fashion design course. However, during that course I realized I was not good enough in this area to compete with other creative personalities in the future, so I decided that it was not the right path for me. Before applying for university I told everyone that I would study journalism, because writing was, and still is, one of my favourite activities. But, to be honest, I said it, because I thought that fashion and me together was just a dream — I knew that no one could imagine me in the fashion industry at all! So I decided to look for some fashion-related courses that included writing. This is when I noticed the course ―Fashion Media & Promotion.‖1. My dream has always been to work somewhere in an area between fashion and publishing.2. Two years before graduating from secondary school, I took a sewing and design course thinking that I would move on to a fashion design course.3. However, during that course I realized I was not good enough in this area to compete with other creative personalities in the future, so I decided that it was not the right path for me.4. Before applying for university I told everyone that I would study journalism, because writing was, and still is, one of my favourite activities.2019 考研英语二冲刺翻译5. But, to be honest, I said it, because I thought that fashion and me together was just a dream — I knew that no one could imagine me in the fashion industry at all!6. So I decided to look for some fashion-related courses that included writing.7. This is when I noticed the course ―Fashion Media & Promotion.‖2018翻译A fifth grader gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations. He ticks ―astronaut‖, but quickly adds ―scientist‖ to the list and selects it as well. The boy is convinced that if he reads enough, he can explore as many career paths as he likes. And so he reads everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels. He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a ―no reading policy‖ at the dinner tab le.That boy was Bill Gates, and he hasn’t stopped reading yet — not even after becoming one of the most successful people on the planet. Nowadays, his reading material has changed from science fiction and reference books; recently, he revealed that he reads at least 50 nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction title because they explain how the world works. ―Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge,‖ Gates says.1. A fifth grader gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations.2019 考研英语二冲刺翻译2. He ticks ―astronaut‖, but quickly adds ―scientist‖ to the list and selects it as well.3. The boy is convinced that if he reads enough, he can explore as many career paths as he likes.4. And so he reads everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels.5. He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a ―no reading policy‖ at the dinner table.6. That boy was Bill Gates, and he hasn’t stopped reading yet — not even after becoming one of the most successful people on the planet.7. Nowadays, his reading material has changed from science fiction and reference books; recently, he revealed that he reads at least 50 nonfiction books a year.8. Gates chooses nonfiction title because they explain how the world works.9. ―Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge,‖ Gates says.。

多种语言间常见的翻译误差解析

多种语言间常见的翻译误差解析语言是人类交流的重要工具，而翻译则是不同语言间沟通的桥梁。

然而，由于语言的复杂性和文化的差异，翻译中常常会出现误差。

这些误差可能导致误解、误导甚至冲突。

在本文中，我们将探讨多种语言间常见的翻译误差，并分析其原因和解决方法。

一、语义误差语义误差是翻译中最常见的问题之一。

它指的是在翻译过程中，由于语言的不同，原文的意思无法准确传达到目标语言中。

这种误差可能导致读者对文本的理解产生偏差。

例如，英文中的“love”一词在中文中可以翻译为“爱”，但它的含义远不止于此。

在英文中，“love”还可以表示喜欢、关心、热爱等多种情感。

因此，在翻译时，如果只将其简单地翻译为“爱”，就会忽略了原文中更为丰富的情感内涵。

解决语义误差的方法之一是进行更为准确的语境分析。

通过理解原文所处的语境，翻译者可以更好地把握原文的意思，并将其准确地转化为目标语言的表达方式。

此外，翻译者还可以借助词典、语料库等工具，来查找更为准确的翻译词汇，以避免语义误差的发生。

二、文化误差文化误差是由于不同文化背景而导致的翻译误差。

每个语言都有其独特的文化内涵，因此在翻译过程中，如果没有对目标语言文化的深入了解，就很容易出现文化误差。

例如，英文中的“break a leg”在中文中无法直接翻译，因为中文没有相应的习语来表达这个意思。

在英文中，“break a leg”是一种祝福，表示对演员的祝福和鼓励。

但如果直译为“折断一条腿”，就会产生误解和困惑。

解决文化误差的方法之一是进行文化调研。

翻译者需要了解目标语言的文化习惯、习语和谚语，以便在翻译时能够选择更为贴近目标语言文化的表达方式。

此外，翻译者还可以借助文化交流和跨文化培训等方式，提升自己的跨文化沟通能力，减少文化误差的发生。

三、语法误差语法误差是指在翻译过程中，由于语言结构的不同，导致目标语言的语法错误。

这种误差可能使得翻译结果难以理解或者产生歧义。

例如，英文中的被动语态在中文中往往需要转换为主动语态。

考研英语翻译命题规律总结,超详细!

考研英语翻译命题规律总结，超详细！翻译题是全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题的第二部份“阅读理解”中的C节，共5小题，每小题2分，共计10分。

要求考生阅读一篇约400词的文章，并将其中5个画线部份（约150词）译成汉语，要求译文准确、完整、通顺。

1. 选材反映自然科学、社会科学的常识性、科学类和报刊评论文章占专门大比例。

翻译试题的选材多是科普性、常识性的文章。

这是因为全国硕士研究生入学英语考试是公共课考试，兼顾人文和理工各科考生。

2. 句型结构翻译试题的句子通常比较长，且结构复杂，包括多个从句。

翻译试题的另外一个常考点是省略句。

省略现象是一个值得考生充分注意的考点，它要求考生对句子、段落、乃至文章的整体进行理解，然后才能明白省略部份的意思。

3. 用词翻译所考句子的用词常常意思抽象，用法灵活，需要仔细斟酌。

一词多义的现象在翻译试题中常常出现，咱们平时掌握的辞汇意思常常不适用。

在翻译中，考生尤其要注意辞汇在上下文中的作用和意思。

4. 规律特点（1）既然“翻译”被设计为阅读理解的一部份，它自然也要求考生具有理解能力，这也符合翻译需要在语境中理解句子意思的规律，更表现了“准确的理解是翻译的前提”这种要求。

只有读懂文章的内容，才能做到准确、通顺地转达原文意思。

（2）翻译是一项对综合能力要求比较高的题型，它不仅要求考生对辞汇、语法、语篇和文化等有较好的掌握，还要求考生有着很强的组词成句、组句成段的能力。

仔细观察历年的考题，咱们会发觉这种题型主观性比较强，它要求考生能够有适当的发挥。

但在评分时有适合标准和可同意的标准，也就是说，只要考生所翻译的句子适合于上下文的大体思想而且其译文也能被人所同意，一般能够判定那个句子的翻译符合要求。

（3）最近几年的考研翻译部份文体大多是议论文，其中有一部份的内容是有关科学常识的。

所以要取得一个好成绩，考生不但需要比较扎实的翻译大体功而且还需要比较广的知识面。

比较扎实的翻译大体功包括良好的语言素质、对两种语言异同点的把握和熟悉翻译的大体技术和技能。

考研英语(二)翻译高分标准

英语（二）考试大纲把翻译的分数分为四档，具体标准如下。

考研英语（二）翻译评分标准第四档（13-15分）：很好地完成了试题规定的任务。

理解准确无误；表达通顺清楚；没有错译、漏译。

第三档（9-12分）：基本完成了试题规定的任务。

理解基本准确；表达比较通顺；没有重大错译、漏译。

第二档（5-8分）：未能按要求完成试题规定的任务。

理解原文不够准确；表达欠通顺；有明显错译、漏译。

第一档（0-4分）：未完成试题规定的任务。

不能理解原文；表达不通顺；文字支离破碎。

总结一下评分要点，主要在三方面：对原文的理解程度；表达通顺的程度；错译、漏译的多少。

其实说的比较模糊，没有多少指导意义。

严复所说的信、达、雅，这翻译的三个要求，用现代的话来说：信是指译者对原作者负责，把他的原意用中文表达出来，不要表达错；达是译者对读者服务，作者的原意虽然已经表达出来了，也要读者能够看懂，才算尽职；雅，译文也对，读者也懂，但是，原文的文体、气势、说话人的身份等发面也要做到恰如其分。

下面，以这三个要求为评判标准，分析大纲给的翻译真题答案的水准。

2018年英语（二）翻译试题A fifth grader gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations. He ticks “astronaut” but quickly adds “scientist” to the list and selects it as well. The boy is convinced that if he reads enough, he can explore as many career paths as he likes. And so he reads—everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels. He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a “no reading policy” at the dinner table.That boy was Bill Gates, and he hasn’t stopped reading yet—not even after becoming one of the most successful people on the planet. Nowadays, his reading material has changed from science fiction and reference books: recently, he revealed that he reads at least 50 nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction titles because they explain how the world works. “Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge to explore”, Gates says.大纲给的答案：一个五年级学生拿到一份家庭作业，要求从一份职业列表中选择将来的职业道路。

考研英语短文写作失分原因解读

考研英语短文写作失分原因解读（1）不会审题，偏离主题，考研短文写作失分的主要原因及分析。

很多考生在着手做写作题时并无审题和构思的概念，有的担忧时间不够，有的那么是无从下笔，如果不是文不对题就是时间已过半，只好草草收场。

（2）用汉语思维，逐字翻译。

有的考生对英语遣词造句无把握，便用汉语构思文章，时不时将汉语句子硬译成英语，结果是非驴非马，无法理解。

（3）用词搭配不当。

英语语言的一大特点是其丰富的习惯用语和固定搭配，包括动词短语、介词短语、形容词短语，例如（花费很多时间做某事）“spend much time in...”不能改成“take much time in...”。

词与词之间的固定搭配是由历史形成的，有的看起来不符合逻辑，但却是地道用法。

（4）词汇量小，表达困难，拼写错误，考研英语《考研英语短文写作失分的主要原因及分析》。

部分学生能在写作中运用量太少，有的知道用法但又拼写不出来，结果只能用中文取而代之，自然不会理想。

（5）句子逻辑关系。

部分考生因受汉语构造的影响，对句子中主谓语及状语之间的位置安排不妥，造成逻辑。

例如：Our Ebglish class often told stories .应改为：We often told stories in our English class.（6）不会运用关联词转承上下句子和段落。

关联词即过渡词使上下句子和段落合理衔接。

承上启下，使表达符合逻辑，同时构造严谨，文章紧凑。

例：Peolp learn English to use it, somelearn it to study or work abroad . Other learn it to read books and magazines in English or have something to do with English-speaking foreigners.采用适当关联词，改进为：People learn English for practical purpose :some learn it to study or workaborad ,while others learn it to read or municate in English.1）分不清及物与不及物动词，例如：rise和raise；hear和listen等；2）被动语态与主动语态的误用，例如等interesting和interested；speaking和spoken等3）词类混淆，将动词或形容词误作名词用，将名词或动词误作形容词用等。

2019年考研英语(二)真题完整版(附答案及详细解析)

2019 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题完整版附答案详解Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations. 1 , when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2 .As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing 3 on the scale. That was had to my overall fitness goats. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking only of 4 the number on the scale, I altered my training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals.I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice any significant changes in your weight 7 altering your training program. The most 8 changes will be observed in skill level, strength and inches lost.For these 9 , I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule 10 . Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important for me to 11 my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observeand 12 any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to 13 my training program.I use my bimonthly weigh-in 14 to get information about my nutrition as well. If my training intensity remains the same, but I’m constantly 15 and dropping weight, this is a 16 that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.The 17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness and well-being. I’m experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a 18 morning weigh-in. I’ve also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals, 19 I’m training according to those goals, not the numbers on a scale.Rather than 20 over the scale, turn your focus to how you look, feel how your clothes fit and your overall energy level.1.[A]Besides [B]Therefore [C]Otherwise [D]However2.[A]helps [B]cares [C]warns [D]reduces3.[A]initially [B]solely [C]occasionally [D]formally4.[A]recording [B] lowering [C]explaining [D]accepting5.[A]modify [B]set [C]review [D]reach6.[A]definition [B]depiction [C]distribution [D]prediction7.[A]due to [B]regardless of [C]aside from [D]along with8.[A]orderly [B]rigid [C]precise [D]immediate9.[A]claims [B]judgments [C]reasons [D]methods10.[A]instead [B]though [C]again [D]indeed11.[A]track [B]overlook [C] conceal [D]report12.[A]depend on [B]approve of [C]hold onto [D]account for13.[A]share [B]adjust [C]confirm [D] prepare14.[A]results [B]features [C]rules [D]tests15.[A]bored [B]anxious [C]hungry [D]sick16.[A]principle [B]secret [C]belief [D]sign17.[A]request [B]necessity [C]decision [D]wish18.[A]disappointing [B]surprising [C]restricting [D]consuming19.[A]if because [B]unless [C]until [D]consuming20.[A]obsessing [B]dominating [C]puzzling [D]triumphing Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a little later, in conjunction with a child’s growing grasp of social and moral norms. Children aren’t born knowing how to say “I’m sorry”; rather, they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends—and their own consciences. This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing.In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad rap. It is deeply uncomfortable—it’s the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. Yet this understanding is outdated. “There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and what role guilt can serve,” says A mrisha Vaish, a psychology researcher at the University of Virginia, adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren’t binary—feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another. Jealousy and anger, for example, may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities. Too much happiness can be destructive.And guilt, by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness, can encourage humans to make up for errors and fix relationships. Guilt, in other words, can help hold a cooperative species together. It is a kind of social glue.Viewed in this light, guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malti, a psychology professor at the University of Toronto, suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency. In a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guiltand sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing. Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt, which can rein in their nastier impulses. And vice versa: High sympathy can substitute for low guilt.In a 2014 study, for example, Malti looked at 244 children. Using caregiver assessments and the children’s self-observations, she rated each child’s overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions after moral transgressions. Then the kids were handed chocolate coins, and given a chance to share them with an anonymous child. For the low-sympathy kids, how much they shared appeared to turn on how inclined they were to feel guilty. The guilt-prone ones shared more, even though they hadn’t magically become more sympathetic to the other child’s deprivation.“That’s good news,” Malti says. “We can be prosocial because we caused harm and we feel regret.”21.Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help______.A）regulate a child's basic emotionsB）improve a child's intellectual abilityC）foster a child’s moral developmentD）intensity a child's positive feelings22.According to paragraph 2, many people still consider guilt to be______.A）deceptiveB）burdensomeC）addictiveD) deception23. Vaish hold that the rethinking about guilt comes from an awarenessthat______.A）emotions are context-independentB）emotions are socially constructiveC）emotional stability can benefit healthD）an emotion can play opposing roles24. Malti and others have shown that cooperation and sharing _______.A. may help correct emotional deficienciesB. can result from either sympathy or guiltC. can bring about emotional satisfactionD. may be the outcome of impulsive acts25. The word “transgressions” (Line 4, Para.5) is closest in meaning to _______.A. teachingsB. discussionsC. restrictionsD. wrongdoingsText 2Forests give us shade, quiet and one of the larder callenges in the fight against climate change. Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon dioxide we produce, we are threatening their ability to do so. The climate change we are hastening could one day leave us with forests that emit more carbon than they absorb.Thankfully, there is a way out of this trap-but it involves striking a subtle balance. Helping forests flourish as valuable “carbon sinks” long into the future may require reducing their capacity to absorb carbon now. California is leading the way, as it does on so many climate efforts, in figuring out the details.The state’s proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest. This temporarily lowers carbon-carrying capacity. But the remaining trees draw a greater share of the available moisture, so they grow and thrive, restoring the forest’s capacity to pull carbon from the air. Healthy trees are also better able to fend off insects. The landscape is rendered less easily burnable. Even in the event of a fine, fewer trees are consumed.The need for such planning is increasingly urgent. Already, since 2010, drought and insects have killed over 100 million trees in California, most of them in 2016 alone, and wildfires have burned hundreds of thousands of acres.California plans to treat 35,000 acres of forest a year by 2020, and 60,000 by 2030- financed from the proceeds of the state’s emissions- permit auctions. That’s only a small share of the total acreage that could benefit, about half a million acres in all, so it will be vital to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drought.The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody material removed from the forests is locked away in the form of solid lumber or burned as biofuel in vehicles that would otherwise run on fossil fuels. New research on transportation biofuels is already under way.State governments are well accustomed to managing forests, but traditionally they’ve focused on wildlife, watersheds and opportunities for recreation. Only recently have they come to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon. California’s plan, which is expected to be finalized by the governor next year, should serve as a model.26. By s aying “one of the harder challenges,” the author implies that _______.A. global climate change may get out of controlB. people may misunderstand global warmingC. extreme weather conditions may ariseD. forests may become a potential threat27. To maintain forests as valuable “carbon sinks,” we may need to _______.A. preserve the diversity of species in themB. accelerate the growth of young treesC. strike a balance among different plantsD. lower their present carbon-absorbing capacity28. Califo rnia’s Forest Carbon Plan endeavors to _______.A. cultivate more drought-resistant treesB. reduce the density of some of its forestsC. find more effective ways to kill insectsD. restore its forests quickly after wildfires29. What is essential to California’s plan according to Paragraph 5?A.To handle the areas in serious danger first.B.To carry it out before the year of 2020.C.To perfect the emissions-permit auctions.D.To obtain enough financial support.30. The author’s attitude to California’s plan can best be described as _______.A. ambiguousB. tolerantC. supportiveD. cautiousText 3American farmers have been complaining of labor shortages for several years. The complaints are unlikely to stop without an overhaul of immigration rules for farm workers.Congress has obstructed efforts to create a more straightforward visa for agricultural workers that would let foreign workers stay longer in the U.S. and change jobs within the industry. If this doesn’t change, American businesses, communities, and consumers will be the losers.Perhaps half of U.S. farm laborers are undocumented immigrants. As fewer such workers enter the country, the characteristics of the agricultural workforce are changing. Today’s farm laborers, while still predo minantly born in Mexico, are more likely to be settled rather than migrating and more likely to be married than single. They’re also aging. At the start of this century, about one-third of crop workers were over the age of 35. Now more than half are. And picking crops is hard on older bodies. One oft-debated cure for this labor shortage remains as implausible as it’s been all along: Native U.S. workers won’t be returning to the farm.Mechanization isn’t the answer, either—not yer, at least. Production of corn, cotton, rice, soybeans, and wheat has been largely mechanized, but many high-value, labor-intensive corps, such as strawberries, need labor. Even dairy farms, where robots do a small share of milking, have a long way to go before they’re automated.As a result, farms have grown increasingly reliant on temporary guest workers using the H-2A visa to fill the gaps in the workforce. Starting around 2012, requests for the visas rose sharply; from 2011 to 2016 the number of visas issued more than doubled.The H-2A visa has no numerical cap, unlike the H-2B visa for nonagricultural work, which is limited to 66,000 a year. Even so, employers complain they aren’t given all the workers they need. The process is cumbersome, expensive, and unreliable. One survey found that bureaucratic delays led the average H-2A worker to arrive on the job 22 days late. The shortage is compounded by federal immigration raids, which remove some workers and drive others underground.In a 2012 survey, 71 percent of tree-fruit growers and almost 80 percent of raisin and berry growers said they were short of labor. Some western farmers have responded by moving operations to Mexico. From 1998 to 2000, 14.5 percent of the fruit Americans consumed was imported. Little more than a decade later, the share of imports was 25.8 percent.In effect, the U.S. can import food or it can import the workers who pick it.31. What problem should be addressed according to the first two paragraphs?A. Discrimination against foreign workers in the U.S.B. Biased laws in favor of some American businesses.C. Flaws in U.S. immigration rules for farm workers.D. Decline of job opportunities U.S. agriculture.32. One trouble with U.S. agricultural workforce is .A. the rising number of illegal immigrantsB. the high mobility of crop workersC. the lack of experienced laborersD. the aging of immigrant farm workers33.What is the much-argued solution to the labor shortage in U.S. farming?A. To attract younger laborers to farm work.B. To get native U.S. workers back to farming.C. To use more robots to grow high-value crops.D. To strengthen financial support for farmers.34. Agricultural employers complain about the H-2A visa for its .A. slow granting proceduresB. limit on duration of stayC. tightened requirementsD. control of annual admissions35. Which of the following could be the best title for this text?A. U.S. Agriculture in Decline?B. Import Food or Labor?C. America Saved by Mexico?D. Manpower vs. Automation?Text 4Amold Schwarzenegger. Dia Mirza and Adrian Grenier have a message for you. It’s easy to beat plastic. They’re part of a bunch of celebrities starring in a new video for World Environment Day—encouraging you, the consumer, to swap out your single-use plastic staples like straws and cutlery to combat the plastics crisis.The key messages that have been put together for World Environment Day do include a call for governments to enact legislation to curb single-use plastics. But the overarching message is directed at individuals.My concern with leaving it up to the individual, however, is our limited sense of what needs to be achieved. One their own, taking our own bags to the grocery store orquitting plastic straws, for example, will accomplish little and require very little of us. They could even be detrimental, satisfying a need to have “done our bit” without ever progressing onto bigger, bolder, more effective actions—a kind of “moral licensing” that allays our concerns and stops us doing more and asking more of those in charge.While the conversation around our environment and our responsibility toward it remains centered on shopping hags and straws, we’re ignoring the balance of power that implies that as “consumers” we must shop sustainably, rather than as “ citizens” hole our governments and industries to account to push for real systemic change.It’s important to acknowledge that the environment isn’t everyone’s priority-or even most people’s. We shouldn’t expect it to be. In her latest book, Why Good People Do Bad Environmental Things. Wellesley College professor Elizabeth R. DeSombre argues that the best way to collectively change the behavior of large numbers of people is for the change to be structural.This might mean implementing policy such as a plastic tax that adds a cost to environmentally problematic action, or banning single-use plastics altogether. India has just announced it will “eliminate all single-use plastic in the country by 2022.” There are also incentive-based ways of making better environmental choices easier, such as ensuring recycling is at least as easy as trash disposal.DeSombre isn’t saying people should stop caring about the environment. It’s just that individual actions are too slow, she says, for that to be the only, or even primary, approach to changing widespread behavior.None of this is about writing off the individual. It’s just about putting things into perspective. We don’t have time to wait. We need progressive policies that shape collective action (and rein in polluting businesses), alongside engaged citizens pushing for change.36. Some celebrities star in a new video toA. demand new laws on the use of plasticsB. urge consumers to cut the use of plasticsC. invite public opinion on the plastics crisisD. disclose the causes of the plastics crisis37.The author is concerned that “moral licensing” mayA. mislead us into doing worthless thingsB. prevent us from making further effortsC. weaken our sense of accomplishmentD. suppress our desire for success38. By pointing out out identity “citizens”, the author indicates thatA. our focus should be shifted to community welfareB. our relationship with local industries is improvingC. We have been actively exercising our civil rightsD. We should press our government to lead the combat39. DeSombre argues that the best way for a collective change should beA. a win-win arrangementB. a self-driven mechanismC. a cost-effective approachD. a top down process40. The author concludes that individual effortsA.can be too aggressiveB. can be too inconsistentC. are far from sufficientD. are far from rationalPart BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph(41-45). Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Five ways to make conversation with anyoneIn choosing a new home, Camille McClain’s kids have single demand: a backyard.McClain’s little one aren’t the only kids who have an opinion when it comes to housing, and in many cases youngsters’ views weigh heavily on parents’ real estate decisions, according to a 2018 Harris Poll survey of more than 2,000 U.S. adults.While more families buck an older-generation proclivity to leave kids in the dark about real estate decisions, realty agents and psychologists have mixed views about the financial, personal and long-term effects kids’ opinions may have.The idea of involving children in a big decision is a great idea because it can help them feel a sense of control and ownership in what can be an overwhelming process, said Ryan Hooper, clinical psychologist in Chicago.“Children may face serious difficulties in coping with significant moves, especially if it removes them from their current school or support system,”he said.Greg Jaroszewski, a real estate brokers with Gagliardo Realty Associates, said he’s not convinced that kids should be involved in selecting a home—but their opinions should be considered in regards to proximity to friends and social activities, if possible.Yo unger children should feel like they’re choosing their home—without actually getting a choice in the matter, said Adam Bailey, a real estate attorney based in New York.Asking them questions about what they like about the backyard of a potential home will make them feel like they’re being included in the decision-making process, Bailey said.Many of the aspects of homebuying aren’t a consideration for children, said Tracey Hampson, a real estate agent based in Santa Clarita, Calif. And placing too much emphasis on their opinions can ruin a fantastic home purchase.“Speaking with your children before you make a real estate decision is wise, but I wouldn’t base the purchasing decision solely on their opinions.”Hampson said.The other issue is that many children-especially older ones-may base their real estate knowledge on HGTV shows, said Aaron Norris of The Norris Group in Riverside, Calif.“They love Chip and Joanna Gaines just as much as the rest of us,” he said. “HGTV has seriously changed how people view real estate. It’s not shelter, it’s a lifestyle. With that mindset change come some serious money consequences.”Kids tend to get stuck in the features and the immediate benefits to them personally, Norris said.Parents need to remind their children that their needs and desires may change over time, said Julie Gurner, a real estate analyst with .“Their opinions can change tomorrow,”Gurner said.“Harsh as it may be to say, that decision should likely not be made contingent on a child’s opinions, but rather made for them with great consideration into what home can meet their needs best-and give them an opportunity to customize it a bit and make it their own.”This advice is more relevant now than ever before, even as more parents want to embrace the ideas of their children, despite the current housing crunch.Section Ⅲ Translation46. Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation neatly on the ANSW ER SHEET. (15 points)It is easy to underestimate English writer James Heriot. He had such a pleasant, re adable style that one might think that anyone could imitate it. How many times have I heard people say “I could write a book. I just haven’t the time.” Easily said. Not so ea sily done. James Herriot, contrary to pupular opinion, did not find it easy in his early days of, as he put it, “having a go at the writing game”. While he obviously had an ab undance of natural talent, the final, polished work that he gave to the world was the re sult of years of practising, re-writing and reading. Like the majority of authors, he had to suffer many disappointments and rejections along the way, but these made him all the more determined to succeed. Everything he achieved in life was earned the hard w ay and his success in the literary field was no exception.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions: Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to visit professor Smith, write him an email toSuppose Professor Smith asked you to plan a debate on the theme of traffic. Write him an email to1) Suggest a specific topic with your reasons, and2) Tell him about your arrangements.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHETE.Do not use your one name. Use “Li Ming” instea d. (10 points)Part B48. Directions: Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your commentsYou should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)某高校2013年和2018年本科毕业生去向统计2019 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题答案详细解析1-20参考答案及解析：1. [答案] 【D】 However[解析] 此处是逻辑关系考点。