浪漫主义时期的美国文学_课件

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American Romanticism (1800-1865)
Contents

1. Introduction to American Romanticism 2. Introduction to American Transcendentalism 3. Washington Irving 华盛顿 欧文（1783——1859） 华盛顿·欧文（ 欧文 ）
Historical Background

Internal causes:
1)American burgeoned into a political, economic and cultural independence. Democracy and political equality became the ideals of the new nation. Radical changes came about in the political life of the country. Parties began to squabble and scramble for power, and new system was in the making. 2)The spread of industrialism, the sudden influx of immigration, and the pioneers pushing the frontier further west, all these produced something of an economic boon and, with it, a tremendous sense of optimism and hope among the people.
4. James Fennimore Cooper 詹姆斯 费尼莫尔 库珀（1789——1851） 詹姆斯·费尼莫尔 库珀（ 费尼莫尔·库珀 ）
5. William Cullen Bryant 威廉 柯伦·布莱恩特（1794——1878） 威廉·柯伦 布莱恩特 柯伦 布莱恩特（ ） 6. Edgar Allan Poe 埃德加·艾伦 坡 埃德加 艾伦·坡 艾伦
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General Introduction

The term ,Romanticism, is associated with imagination and boundlessness, as contrasted with classicism, which is commonly associated with reason and restriction. The most profound and comprehensive idea of romanticism is the vision of a greater personal freedom for the individual.
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Historical Background

5)The slavery issue. Slavery existed together with the anti-slavery conceptions. It was with the help of thousands of slaves that the expansion of the economy became possible. External causes: 1)Foreign influences added incentive to the growth of romanticism in America. 2)The influence of Sir Walter Scott was particularly powerful and enduring
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I. What is Romanticism

Simply speaking, Romanticism is a literary movement flourished as a cultural force throughout the 19th C and it can be divided into the early period and the late period. Also it remains powerful in contemporary literature and art. Romanticism, a term that is associated with imagination and boundlessness, as contrasted with classicism, which is commonly associated with reason and restriction. A romantic attitude may be detected in literature of any period, but as an historical movement it arose in the 18th and 19th centuries, in reaction to more rational literary, philosophic, artistic, religious, and economic standards.... The most clearly defined romantic literary movement in the U. S. was Transcendentalism. The representatives of the early period includes Washington Irving and James Fenimore Cooper, and those of the late period contain Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, Walt Whitman, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Company Logo Herman Melville, Edgar Allan Poe.
7. Ralph Waldo Emerson 拉尔夫 沃尔多 爱默生 拉尔夫·沃尔多 沃尔多·爱默生 8. Henry David Thoreau 亨利 大卫 梭罗（1817——1862） 亨利·大卫 梭罗（ 大卫·梭罗 ） 9. Nathaniel Hawthorne 纳撒尼尔 霍桑（1804——1864） 纳撒尼尔·霍桑 霍桑（ ） 10. Herman Melville 赫尔曼 梅尔维尔（1819——1891） 赫尔曼·梅尔维尔（ 梅尔维尔 ） 11. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow亨利 沃兹沃思 朗费罗 亨利·沃兹沃思 亨利 沃兹沃思·朗费罗 12. Walt Whitman沃尔特 惠特曼 沃尔特·惠特曼 沃尔特 惠特曼(May 31, 1819-March 26, 1892) 13. Emily Dickinson 艾米莉 狄金森（1830——1886） 艾米莉·狄金森 狄金森（ ）
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Historical Bsing magazines played an important role in facilitating literary expansion in the country. 4) The woman’s issue. By the mid-century, the bread lines and soup kitchens of public aid societies had become an important part of American urban life. Some women thus asked for their rights to vote and to own property. In 1837, the first women’s college was established in Massachusetts.
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The characteristics of Romanticism

American Romanticism was both imitative and independent.
A profound love for nature—nature as a source of knowledge, nature as a refuge from the present, nature as a revelation of the holy spirit The quest for beauty—pure beauty The use of antique and fanciful subject matters—sense of terror, Gothic, grotesque, odd and queer
In all the major literary genres except drama, writers produced works of an originality and excellence not exceeded in later American history. Romantic writers placed increasing value on the free expression of emotion and displayed increasing attention to the psychic states of their characters
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龙毛忠的描述

1
美国文学中的浪漫主义时代是 指18世纪末期到南北战争爆发 前期的这段时间，因为文学的 勃兴与繁荣，又称“美国文艺 复兴”。华盛顿·欧文的《见闻 札记》（The Sketch Book, 1820）的出版宣告了这一伟大 时代的开始，惠特曼的《草叶 集》（Leaves of Grass, 1855） 则标志着浪漫主义文学的高峰。