2003A试卷E
2003年考研英语真题及解析
2003年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C OR D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious 1 to how they can best 2 such changes. Growing bodies need movement and 3 , but not justin ways that emphasize competition. 4 they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the 5 that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are 6 by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be 7 to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, 8 ，publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, 9 student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide 10 opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful 11 dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the 12 of some kind of organization with a supportive adult 13 visible in the background.In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have 14 attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized 15 participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to 16 else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants 17 . This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. 18 they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by 19 for roles that are within their 20 and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules.1. [A] thought [B] idea [C] opinion [D] advice2. [A] strengthen [B] accommodate [C] stimulate [D] enhance3. [A] care [B] nutrition [C] exercise [D] leisure4. [A] If [B] Although [C] Whereas [D] Because5. [A] assistance [B] guidance [C] confidence [D] tolerance6. [A] claimed [B] admired [C] ignored [D] surpassed7. [A] improper [B] risky [C] fair [D] wise8. [A] in effect [B] as a result [C] for example [D] in a sense9. [A] displaying [B] describing [C] creating [D] exchanging10. [A] durable [B] excessive [C] surplus [D] multiple11. [A] group [B] individual [C] personnel [D] corporation12. [A] consent [B] insurance [C] admission [D] security13. [A] particularly [B] barely [C] definitely [D] rarely14. [A] similar [B] long [C] different [D] short15. [A] if only [B] now that [C] so that [D] even if16. [A] everything [B] anything [C] nothing [D] something17. [A] off [B] down [C] out [D] alone18. [A] On the contrary [B] On the average [C] On the whole [D] On the other hand19. [A] making [B] standing [C] planning [D] taking20. [A] capability [B] responsibility [C] proficiency [D] efficiencySection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Inter net. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War Ⅱ and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the “great game”of espionage—spying as a “profession.”These days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovan’s vocation as well.The latest revolution isn’t simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemen’s e-mail. That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. In the past three or four years, the World Wide Web has given birth to a whole industry of point-and-clic k spying. The spooks call it “open source intelligence,” and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential. In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi. The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open-Source Solutions，whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world.Among the firms making the biggest splash in the new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas. Straitford makes money by selling the results of spying (covering nations from Chile to Russia) to corporations like energy-services firm McDermott International. Many of its predictions are available online at .Straiford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, aspymaster’s dream. Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine. “As soon as that report runs, we’ll suddenly get 500 new internet sign-ups from Ukraine,”says Friedman, a former political science professor. “And we’ll hear back from some of them.”Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. That’s where Straitford earns its keep.Friedman relies on a lean staff of 20 in Austin. Several of his staff members have military-intelligence backgrounds. He sees the firm’s outsider status as the key to its success. Straitford’s briefs don’t sound like the usual Washington back-and-forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice.21. The emergence of the Net has .[A] received support from fans like Donovan[B] remolded the intelligence services[C] restored many common pastimes[D] revived spying as a profession22. Donovan’s story is mentioned in the text to .[A] introduce the topic of online spying[B] show how he fought for the US[C] give an episode of the information war[D] honor his unique services to the CIA23. The phrase “making the biggest splash” (line 1,paragraph 3) most probablymeans .[A] causing the biggest trouble[B] exerting the greatest effort[C] achieving the greatest success[D] enjoying the widest popularity24. It can be learned from paragraph 4 that .[A] straitford’s prediction about Ukraine has proved true[B] straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its information[C] straitford’s business is characterized by unpredictability[D] straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information25. Straitford is most proud of its .[A] official status[B] nonconformist image[C] efficient staff[D] military backgroundText 2To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, “all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing.” One such cause nowseeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals—no meat, no fur, no medicines. Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied, “Then I would have to say yes.”Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, “Don’t worry, scientists will find some way of using computers.” Such well-meaning people just don’t understand.Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way—in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother’s hip replacement, a father’s bypass operation, a baby’s vaccinations, and even a pet’s shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.Much can be done. Scientists could “adopt” middle school classes and p resent their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing, there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.26. The author begins his article with Edmund Burke’s words to .[A] call on scientists to take some actions[B] criticize the misguided cause of animal rights[C] warn of the doom of biomedical research[D] show the triumph of the animal rights movement27. Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is .[A] cruel but natural[B] inhuman and unacceptable[C] inevitable but vicious[D] pointless and wasteful28. The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the public’s .[A] discontent with animal research[B] ignorance about medical science[C] indifference to epidemics[D] anxiety about animal rights29. The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates,scientists should .[A] communicate more with the public[B] employ hi-tech means in research[C] feel no shame for their cause[D] strive to develop new cures30. From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is .[A] a well-known humanist[B] a medical practitioner[C] an enthusiast in animal rights[D] a supporter of animal researchText 3In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging into supersystems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly. As recently as 1995, the top four railroads accounted for under 70 percent of the total ton-miles moved by rails. Next year, after a series of mergers is completed, just four railroads will control well over 90 percent of all the freight moved by major rail carriers.Supporters of the new supersystems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service. Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks. But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat.The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers are served by only one rail company. Railroads typically charge such“captive”shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business. Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government's Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases.Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyone's cost. If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. It's theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail.“Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters of who wins and who loses in the marketplace?”asks Martin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shipper.Many captive shippers also worry they will soon be hit with a round of huge rate increases. The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortuningfortunes, still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. Yet railroads continue to borrow billions to acquire one another, with Wall Street cheering them on. Consider the $10.2 billion bid by Norfolk Southern and CSX to acquire Conrail this year. Conrail's net railway operating income in 1996 was just $427 million, less than half of the carrying costs of the transaction. Who's going to pay for the rest of the bill? Many captive shippers fear that they will, as Norfolk Southern and CSX increase their grip on the market.31. According to those who support mergers, railway monopoly is unlikelybecause .[A] cost reduction is based on competition.[B] services call for cross-trade coordination.[C] outside competitors will continue to exist.[D] shippers will have the railway by the throat.32. What is many captive shippers' attitude towards the consolidation in the railindustry?[A] Indifferent.[B] Supportive.[C] Indignant.[D] Apprehensive.33. It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that .[A] shippers will be charged less without a rival railroad.[B] there will soon be only one railroad company nationwide.[C] overcharged shippers are unlikely to appeal for rate relief.[D] a government board ensures fair play in railway business.34. The word “arbiters”(line 7,paragraph 4)most probably refers to those .[A] who work as coordinators.[B] who function as judges.[C] who supervise transactions.[D] who determine the price.35. According to the text, the cost increase in the rail industry is mainly causedby .[A] the continuing acquisition.[B] the growing traffic.[C] the cheering Wall Street.[D] the shrinking market.Text 4It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional. Small wonder. Americans’ life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minute surgical procedure. Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 yearsago. But not even a great health-care system can cure death—and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours.Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions. We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be solved. Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it’s useless. The most obvious example is late-stage cancer care. Physicians —frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient—too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified.In 1950, the US spent $12.7 billion on health care. In 2002, the cost will be $1,540 billion. Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable. Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it. Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical care that sustains life beyond a certain age—say 83 or so. Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infirm “have a duty to die and get out of the way”, so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential.I would not go that far. Energetic people now routinely work through their 60s and beyond, and remain dazzlingly productive. At 78, Viacom chairman Sumner Redstone jokingly claims to be 53. Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O’Connor is in her 70s, and former surgeon general C. Everett Koop chairs an Internet start-up in his 80s.These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age. As a mere 68-year-old, I wish to age as productively as they have.Yet there are limits to what a society can spend in this pursuit. As a physician, I know the most costly and dramatic measures may be ineffective and painful. I also know that people in Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have. As a nation, we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding research on humbler therapies that could improve people’s lives.36. What is implied in the first sentence?[A] Americans are better prepared for death than other people.[B] Americans enjoy a higher life quality than ever before.[C] Americans are over-confident of their medical technology.[D] Americans take a vain pride in their long life expectancy.37. The author uses the example of caner patients to show that .[A] medical resources are often wasted[B] doctors are helpless against fatal diseases[C] some treatments are too aggressive[D] medical costs are becoming unaffordable38. The author’s attitude toward Richard Lamm’s remark is one of.[A] strong disapproval [B] reserved consent[C] slight contempt [D] enthusiastic support39. In contras to the US, Japan and Sweden are funding their medical care.[A] more flexibly [B] more extravagantly[C] more cautiously [D] more reasonably40. The text intends to express the idea that.[A]medicine will further prolong people’s lives[B]life beyond a certain limit is not worth living[C] death should be accepted as a fact of life[D] excessive demands increase the cost of health carePart BDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable curiosity.（41）Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. Therefore, it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth.“Anthropology” derives from the Greek words anthropos “human” and logos “the study of.” By its very name, anthropology encompasses the study of all humankind.Anthropology is one of the social sciences.（42）Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political, science, psychology, and sociology. Each of these social sciences has a subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology.All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity. Anthropology is a field-study oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis.（43）The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.Anthropological analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture. Sir Edward Tylor’s formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectual achievements of 19th century science.（44）Tylor defined culture as “…that complexwhole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.” This insight, so profound in its simplicity, opened up an entirely new way of perceiving and understanding human life. Implicit within Tylor’s definition is the concept that culture is learned. shared, and patterned behavior.（45）Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture,” like the concept of “set” in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.Section III Writing46. Directions:Study the following set of drawings carefully and write an essay entitled in which you should1）describe the set of drawings, interpret its meaning, and2）point out its implications in our life.You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)第一部分英语知识运用试题解析一、文章总体分析文章主要论述了教师们应该关注青少年在成长时期所经历的情感、心智和生理上的变化，并采取方法帮助他们适应这些变化，健康成长。
2003年6月大学英语三级(A级)真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2003年6月大学英语三级（A级）真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Listening Comprehension 2. V ocabulary and Structure 3. Reading Comprehension 4. Translation from English to Chinese 5. WritingPart I Listening Comprehension (15 minutes)Directions：This part is to test your listening ability. It consists of 3 sections.Section ADirections: This section is to test your ability to understand short dialogues. There are 5 recorded dialogues in it. After each dialogue, there is a recorded question. The dialogues and the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, you should decide on the correct answer from the 4 choices A , B, C, and D.1．A．Boating.B．Walking.C．Running.D．Driving.正确答案：D解析：W: Look, the bookstore is over there.M: Sorry, I can’t stop there. There is no place to park.Q: What is the man doing?本题为推理判断题。
对话中stop，place to park是“停车，停车的地方”，所以可以确定答案。
2003年高考试题——英语(全国卷)
绝密★启用前2003年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）1．What is the man going to do?A．Open the window. B．Find another room. C．Go out with the woman. 2．What do we know about Peter Schmidt?A．He has lost his ticket. B．He is expecting a ticket.C．He went out to buy a ticket.3．What do we know about mother and son?A．She wants to tell him the result of the game.B．She doesn’t like him to watch TV.C．She knows which team he supports.4．What are the speakers talking about?A．Exam results. B．Time for the exam. C．Change of class hours. 5．What will the woman tell the man?A．Her company’s name. B．Her new address. C．Her phone number.第二节（共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）6．What is the possible relationship between the woman and the man?A．Wife and husband. B．Doctor and patient. C．Boss and secretary 7．What does the woman think about the man?A．He is not good to the children.B．He is not telling the truth.C．He sleeps too much.8．Where does the woman want to go?A．An office. B．A fruit shop. C．A police station. 9．What does the woman have to do now?A．Wait for Mark at the crossroads.B．Walk ahead and turn right.C．Walk a little way back.10．What exactly does the man want to find out?A．What people think of the bus service.B．How many people are using the bus service.C．Which group of people use the bus service most often.11．What does the woman say about the bus service?A．The distance between bus stops is too long.B．The bus timetables are full of mistakes.C．Buses are often not on time.12．Why does the woman say her husband is fortunate?A．He often goes to work in a friend’s car.B．He doesn’t need to go shopping by bus.C．He lives close to the bus station.13．What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?A．Salesperson and customerB．Old school friendsC．Fellow workers14．What do we know about the woman?A．She is fond of her work. B．She is tired of traveling.C．She is interested in law.15．What is the man?A．A company manager. B．A salesperson. C．A lawyer.16．Why does the woman ask for the man’s address?A．To send him a book.B．To get together with him.C．To repair something at his home.17．What is the aim of the program?A．To keep trainees in shape.B．To improve public relations.C．To develop leadership skills.18．Which of the following will the trainess be doing during the program?A．Attenling lectures on managementB．Preparing reports for the company.C．Making plans for a journey.19．How long will the program last?A．8 days B．12 days C．20 days.20．If people want to join the program, what should they do after the meeting?A．Take a pre-test B．Pay for the program. C．Sign on a piece of paper.第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节：单项填空（共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分）21．Don’t be afraid of asking for h elp it is needed.A．unless B．since C．although D．when22．A cook will be immediately fired if he is found in the kitchen.A．smoke B．smoking C．to smoke D．smoked23．Allen had to call a taxi because the box was to carry all the wayhome.A．much too heavy B．too much heavy C．heavy too much D．too heavy much24．—Sorry, Joe, I didn’t mean to…—Don’t call me “Joe”. I’m Mr Parker to you, and you forgetit!A．do B．didn’t C．did D．don’t25．If anybody calls, tell the m I’m out, and ask them to their nameand address.A．pass B．write C．take D．leave26．The sign reads “In case of fire, break the glass and push red button.”A．不填；a B．不填；the C．the; the D．a;a27．All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervouseness .A．has grown B．is growing C．grew D．had grown28．A left luggage office is a place where bags be left for a shorttime, especially at a railway station.A．should B．can C．must D．will29．We’re going to the bookstore in John’s car. You can come with usyou can meet us there later.A．but B．and C．or D．then30．Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge? It will fresh for severaldays.A．be stayed B．stay C．be staying D．have stayed31．News reports say peace talks between the two countries with noagreement reached.A．have broken down B．have broken out C．have broken inD．have broken up32．—There’s coffee and tea: you can have .—Thanks.A．either B．each C．one D．it33．—Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard.—Why ? John is sitting there doing nothing.A．him B．he C．I D．me34．The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once with each other.A．they had quarreled B．they have quarreledC．have they quarreled D．had they quarreled35．—I think you should phone Jenny and say sorry to her.— .It was her fault.A．No way B．Not possible C．No chance D．Not at all第二节：完形填空（共20小题：每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36—55各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
2003考研英语阅读真题及详细解析
Part OneWild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in World War II and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the "great game" of espionage —spying as a "profession." These days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovan's vocation as well.The latest revolution isn't simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemen's e-mail. That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. In the past three or four years, the World Wide Web has given birth to a whole industry of point-and-click spying. The spooks call it "open source intelligence," and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential. In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi. The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open Source Solutions, whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world.Among this firms making the biggest splash in the new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas. Straitford makes money by selling the results of spying （covering nations from Chile to Russia）to corporations like energy-services firm McDermott International. Many of its predictions are available online at .Straitford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymaster's dream. Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine. "As soon as that report runs, we'll suddenly get 500 new internet sign-ups from Ukraine," says Friedman, a former political science professor. "And we'll hear back from some of them." Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. That's where Straitford earns its keep.Friedman relies on a lean staff of 20 in Austin. Several of his staff members have military-intelligence backgrounds. He sees the firm's outsider status as the key to its success. Straitford's briefs don't sound like the usual Washington back-and-forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice.1. The emergence of the Net has ________.[A] received support from fans like Donovan.[B] remolded the intelligence services.[C] restored many common pastimes. [D] revived spying as a profession.2. Donovan's story is mentioned in the text to ________.[A] introduce the topic of online spying.[B] show how he fought for the U.S.[C] give an episode of the information war.[D] honor his unique services to the CIA.3. The phrase "making the biggest splash" （line 1, paragraph 3）most probably means ________.[A] causing the biggest trouble.[B] exerting the greatest effort.[C] achieving the greatest success.[D] enjoying the widest popularity.4. It can be learned from paragraph 4 that ________.[A] Straitford's prediction about Ukraine has proved true.[B] Straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its information.[C] Straitford's business is characterized by unpredictability.[D] Straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information.5. Straitford is most proud of its ________.[A] official status.[B] nonconformist image.[C] efficient staff.[D] military background.Unit 10（2003）Part 1重点词汇：1.spymaster 即spy+master，间谍大王、间谍组织首脑。
2003年6月大学英语四级A卷考试试题、答案
2003年6月大学英语四级A卷考试试题、答案Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversation. At the end of each conversation. a question wilt be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each questionthere will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). and decide which is the best answer Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. Example: You will hear:You will read:A) At thee office.B) In the waiting room.C) At the airport.D) In a restaurant.From tile conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they had to finish in the evening. This conversation is most likely to have taken place at the office. Therefore, A) "At the office" is the best answer Youshould choose [A] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the centre.Sample Answer [A] [B] [C] ID]1. A) Give Bob a phone call. C) Go look for Bob.B) Go and pick Bob up. D) Wait for Bob.2. A) She is working in the city. C) Jobs are easier to find in the city.B) Life in the suburbs is lonely. D) It's less expensive l/ring in the city.3. A) In a printing shop. C) At a bookstore.B) At a publishing house. D) In a library.4. A) The woman be more careful next time. C) The woman find a spare key.B) They try to think of a solution. D) They come downstairs.5. A) Sending an e-mail. C) Talking on the phone.B) Working in an office. D) Doing spellingpractice.6. A) Buy something for the picnic. C) Go shopping with the man.C) Go for a ride around town. D) Have a picnic.7. A) The woman misplaced her class permit for biology.B)The woman arrived for registration too early.C) The woman missed registration for the biology course.D) The woman got a wrong class permit.8. A) The woman likes the weather in New York very much.B) The woman will stay in New York a long time.C) The man is planning to visit New York.D) It's quite cold in New York now.9. A) The old lady sitting next to the couple likes toys very much.B) An old lady took the couple’s suitcase for her own.C) The couple's suitcase was stolen in the restaurant.D) The man forgot to put the toys in their suitcase.10. A) She's flying to Hong Kong.B) She's going to buy an air ticket.C) She's going to say good-bye to Bill.D) She's leaving for Hoog Kong with Bill.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end ofeach passage. you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questionswill be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. A)They him only retired workers.B) They each do jobs they are good at.C) They close the hotel during low seasons.D) They employ as few workers as possible.12. A) Staff training. C) Cleaning and washing up.B) Book-keeping. D) Gardening and flower arranging. 13. A) They have their hotel beautifully decorated.B) They provide delicious food.C) They make their guests feel at home.D) They give parties regularly for their visitors.Passage TwoQuestions 14 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.14. A) To withdraw his deposit. C) To rob the bank.B) To cash a cheek. D) To get his prize.15. A) A radio announcer C) A car mechanic.B) A bank employee. D) A movie actor.16. A) They let him do what he wanted to. C) They pressed the alarm.B) They helped him find large bills. D) They called the police.17. A) He was afraid that be would be caught on the spot.B) Large bills were not within his reach.C) The maximum sum allowed was 55,000.D) He was limited by time and the size of his pockets.Passage ThreeQuestions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.18. A) A rescuer on the Golden Gate Bridge. C) A telephone operator.B) A professional diver. D) A guard on the Golden Gate Bridge.19. A) Someone ham fallen off the bridge.B) Someone on the bridge is being attacked.C) Someone is threatening to destroy the bridge.D) Someone on the bridge is attempting to kill himself.20. A) Call the mother to come fight away.B)Try to communicate with them first.C) Help them to get out of their misty.D) Remind them that they have children to take care of.Part ⅡReading Comprehension (35 minutes) Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choicesmarked A), B), C)and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single ling through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.A rectal study, published in last week’s Journal of the American Medical Association, offers a picture of how risky it is to get a lift from a teenage driver, Indeed, a 16-year-old driver with three or more passengers is threetimes as likely to have a fatal accident as a teenager driving alone, By contrast, the risk of death for drivers between 30 and 59 decreases with each additional passenger.The autboes also found that the death rates for teenage drivers increased dramatically after 10 p.m., and especially after midnight, With passengers in the car, the driver was even more likely to die in a late-night accident.Robert Foss, a scientist at the University of North Carolina Highway Safety Research Center, says the higher death rates for teenage drivers have less todo with “really stupid behavior”than with just a lack of driving experience.“The basic issue.”Be says, “is that adults who are responsible for issuing licenses fail to recognize how complex and skilled a task driving is.”Both he and the author of the study believe that the way to mitigate (使……缓解)the problem is to have states institute so-called graduated licensing systems,in which getting a license is a multistage process. A graduated license requires that a leenager first prove himself capable of driving in the presence of an adult, followed by a period of driving with night of passcager restrictions,before graduating to full driving privileges.Graduated licensing systems have reduced leenage driver crashes, according torecent studies, About half of the states now have some sort of graduatedHcensing system in place, but only 10 of those states have restrictions on passengers, California is the strictest, with a novice(新手)driver prohibited from carrying any passenger under 20(without the presence of an adult over 25)for the first six months.21. Which of the following situations is most dangerous according to the passage?A) Adults giving a lift to teenagers on the highway after 10 p.m.B) A teenager driving after midnight with passengers in the car.C) Adults driving with three or more teenage passengers late at night.D) A teenager getting a lift from a stranger on the highway at midnight.22. According to Robert Foss. The high death rate of teenage drivers is mainly due to ________A) their frequent driving at night C) their lack of driving experienceB) their improper way of driving D) their driving with passengers23. According to Paragraph 3. which of the following statements is TRUE?A) Teenagers should spend more time learning to drive.B) Driving is a skill too complicated for teenagers to learn.C) Restrictions should be imposed on teenagers applying to take driving lessons.D) The licensing authonties are partly responsible for teenagers' drivingaccidents.24. A suggested measure to be taken to reduce teenagers' driving accidents isthat ________ .A) driving in the presence of an adult should be made a ruleB) they should be prohibited from taking on passengersC) they should not be allowed to drive after 10 p.m.D) the licensing system should be improved25. The present situation in about half of the states is that the graduated licensing system ________.A) is under discussion C) has been put into effectB) is about to be set up D) has been perfectedPassage TwoPassage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.If you know exactly what you want, the best route to a job is to get specialized training. A recent survey shows that companies the graduates in such fields as business and health care who can go to work immediately with very little on-the-job training.That's especially true of booing fields that are challenging for workers. At Cornell's School of Hotel Administration, for example, bachelor's degree graduates get an average of four or five job offers with salaries ranging from the high teens to the low 20s and plenty of chances for rapid advancement. Large companies, especially, like a background of formal education coupled with work experience.But in the long run, too much specialization doesn't pay off. Business, which has been flooded with MBAs, no longer considers the degree an automatic stampof approval. The MBA may open doors and command a higher salary injtially, but the impact of a degree washes out after five years.As further evidence of the erosion (销蚀) of corporate(公司的) faith in specialized degrees, Michigan State’s Scheetz cites a pattern in corporate hiring practices, Although companies tend to take on specialists as new hires, they often seek out gencralists for middle and upper-level management. “They want someone who isn’t constrained(限制)by nuts and bolts to look at the big picture,”says Scheetz.This sounds suspiciously like a formal statement that you approve of theliberal-arts graduate. Time and again labor-market analysts mention a need for talents that liberal-arts majors are assumed to have: writing and communication skills, organizational skills, open-mindedness and adapeability, and the ability to analyze and solve problems, David Birch claims he does not hire anybody with an MBA or an engineering degree, “I hire only liberal-arts people because they have a less-than-canned way of doing things,”says Birch. Liberal-arts means an academically thorough and strict program that includes literature, history,mathematics, economics, science, human behavior—plus a computer course or two. With that under your belt, you can feel free to specialize, “A liberal-arts degree coupled with an MBA or some other technical training is a very good combination in the marketplace,”says Scheetz.26. What kinds of people are in high demand on the job market?A) Students with a bachelor's degree in humanities.B) People with an MBA degree front top universities.C) People with formal schooling plus work experience.D) People with special training in engineering27. By saying “…but the impact of a degree washes out after five years”(Line 3, Para, 3), the author means ________.A) most MBA programs fail to provide students with a solid foundationB) an MBA degree does not help promotion to managerial positionsC) MBA programs will not be as popular in five years' time as they are nowD) in five people will forget about the degree the MBA graduates have got28. According to Scheetz's statement (Lines 4-5. Para. 4), companies prefer________.A) people who have a strategic mindB) people who are talented in fine artsC) people who are ambitious and aggressiveD) people who have received training in mechanics29. David Birch claims that he only hires liberal-arts people because ________.A) they are more capable of handling changing situationsB) they can stick to established ways of solving problemsC) they are thoroughly trained in a variety of specialized fieldsD) they have attended special programs in management30. Which of the following statements does the author support?A) Specialists are more expensive to hire than generalists.B) Formal schooling is less important than job training.C) On-the-job training is, in the long run, less costly.D) Generalists will outdo specialists in management.Passage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.About six years ago I was eating lunch in a restaurant in New York City whena woman and a young boy sat down at the next table, I couldn’t help overhearing parts of their conversation. At one point the woman asked: "So, how have you been?" And the boy—who could not have been more than seven or eight years old —replied. "Frankly, I've been feeling a little depressed lately.''This incident stuck in my mind because it confirmed my growing belief that children are changing. As far as I can remember, my friends and I didn’t find out we were “depressed”until we were in high school.The evidence of a change in children has increased steadily in recent years. Children don’t seem childlike anymore. Children speak more like adults, dress more like adults and behave more like adults than they used to.Whether this is good or bad is difficult to say, but it certainly is different. Childhood as it once was no longer exists, Why?Human development is based not only on innate (天生的) biological states, butalso on patterns of access to social knowledge. Movement from one social roteto another usually involves learning the secrets of the new status. Childrenhave always been taught adult secrets, but slowly and in stages: traditionally,we tell sixth graders things we keep hidden from fifth graders.In the last 30 years. however, a secret-revelation (揭示) machine has been installed in 98 percent of American homes. It is called television, Television passes information, and indiscriminately (不加区分地), to all viewers alike, bethey children or adults. Unable to resist the temptation, many children turntheir attention from printed texts to the less challenging, more vivid moving pictures.Communication through print, as a matter of fact, allows for a great deal of control over the social information to which children have access. Reading and writing involve a complex code of symbols that must be memorized and practices. Children must read simple books before they can read complex materials.31. According to the author, feeling depressed is ________.A) a sure sign of a psychological problem in a childB) something hardly to be expected in a young childC) an inevitable has of children's mental developmentD) a mental scale present in all humans, including children32. Traditionally, a child is supposed to learn about the adult world ________.A) through contact with society C) naturally and by biologicalinstinctB) gradually and under guidance D)through exposure to social information33. The phenomenon that today’s children seem adultiike is attributed by the author to ________.A) the widespread influence of televisionB) the poor arrangement of teaching contentC) the fast pace of human intellectual developmentD) the constantly rising standard of living34. Why is the author in favor of communication through print for children?A) It enables children to gain more social information.B) It develops children's interest in reading and writing.C) It helps children to memorize and practice more.D) It can control what children are to learn.35. What does the author think of the change in today’s children?A) He feels amused by chair premature behavior.B) He thinks it is a phenomenon worthy of note.C) He considers it a positive development.D) He seems to be upset about it.Passage FourQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage."Opinion" is a word that is used carelessly today. It is used to refer to matters of taste, belief, and judgment. This casual use would probably causelittle confusion if people didn’t attach too much importance to opinion. Unfortunately, most to attach great importance to it. "I have as much right to my opinion as you to yours, '' and ''Everyone’s entitled to his opinion, '' are common expressions. In fact, anyone who would challenge another's opinion is likely to be branded intolerant.Is that label accurate? Is it intolerant to challenge another's opinion? It depends on what definition of opinion you have in mind. For example, you may ask a friend ''What do you think of the new Ford cars?" And he may reply, "In my opinion, they're ugly." In this case, it would not only be intolerantto challenge his statement, but foolish. For it's obvious that by opinion he means his personal preference, a matter of taste. And as the old saying goes, ''It's pointless to argue about matters of taste."But consider this very different use of the term, A newspaper reports that the Supreme Court has delivered its opinion in a controversial case. Obviously the justices did not shale their personal preferences, their mere likes and dislikes, They stated their considered judgment, painstakingly arrived at after thorough inquiry and deliberation.Most of what is referred to as opinion falls somewhere between these two extremes. It is not an expression of taste. Nor is it careful judgment. Yet it may contain elements of both. It is a view or belief more or less casually arrived at, with or without examining the evidence.Is everyone entitled to his opinion? Of course, this is not only permitted, but guaranteed. We are free to act on our opinions only so long as, in doing so, we do not harm others.36. Which of the following statements is TRUE, according to the author?A) Everyone has a right to hold his own opinion.B) Free expression of opinions often leads to confusion.C) Most people tend to be careless in forming their opinions.D) Casual use of the word "opinion" often brings about quarrels.37. According to the author, who of the following would be labored as intolerant?A) Someone who turns a deaf ear to others' opinions.B) Someone who can't put up with others' tastes.C) Someone who values only their own opinions.D) Someone whose opinion harm. other people.38. The new Ford cars are cited as an example to show that ________.A) it is foolish to criticize a famous brandB) one should not always agree to others' opinionsC) personal tastes are not something to be challengedD) it is unwise to express one's likes and dislikes in public39. Considered judgment is different from personal preference in that ________.A) it is stated by judges in the courtB) it reflects public like and dislikesC) it is a result of a lot of controversyD) it is based on careful thought40. As indicated in the passage, being free to act on one's opinion ________.A) means that one can ignore other people's criticismB) means that one can impose his pre6ereaccs on othersC) doesn't mean that one has the right to do things at willD) doesn't mean that one has the right to charge others without evidencePart ⅢVocabulary and Structure (20 minutes) Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences it: this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose cite ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the Corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.41. The beam that is ________by a laser differs in several ways from the light that comes out of a flashlight.A) emitted C ) motivatedB) transported D) translated42. We booked rooms at the hotel ________we should find no vacancies on our arrival.A) whenever C) sinceB) if D) lest43. Modern forms of transportation and communication have done much to________the isolation of life in Alaska.A) break through C) break intoB) break down D) break out44. We know through painful experience that freedom is never by the oppressor; it must be ________by the oppressed.A) demanded C) requiredB) commanded D) requested45. Color and sex are not relevant ________whether a person is suitable for the job.A) on C) toB) for D) with46. ________the enormous flow of food from the entire globe, these countries have for many years not felt any population pressure.A)Thanks to C) In line withB) By means of D) With regard to47. Kesearch universities have to keep up with the latest computer andscientific hardware ________price.A) On account of C) in addition toB) regardless of D) not to mention48. Three university departments have been ________ $600,000 to develop good practice in teaching and learning.A) promoted C) securedB) included D) awarded49. The rapid development of communications technology is transforming the________in which people communicate across time and space.A) mood C) mannerB) mission D) vision50. Mr.Jones holds strong views against video games and ________the clsing ofall recreation facilities for such games.A) assists C) advocatesB) acknowledges D) admits51. Workers in the fine arts ________thoughts and feelings through their creative works.A) transmit C) conveyB) elaborate D) contribute52. Small as it is, the ant is as much a creature as ________all otheranimals on earth.A) are C) isB) do D) have53. The policeman declared that the blow on the victim's head ________from behind.A) should have been made C) would have been madeB) must have been made D) ought to have been made54. Finding a job can be ________and disappointing, and therefore it isimportant that you are prepared.A) exploiting C) profitingB) frustrating D) misleading55. It British government often says that furnishing children with ________ to the information superhighway is a top priority.A) procedure C) exploreB) protection D) acceis56. Louis Herman, at the University of Hawall, has ________a serics of new experiments in which some animals have learned to understand sentences.A) installed C) devisedB) equipped D) formatted57. Researchers at the University of Illanois determined that the ________of a father can help improve a child’s grades.A) involvement C) accociationB) intetaction D) communcation58.We can accept your order ________payment is made in advance.A)in the bellef that C) on the excuse thatB) in order that D) on condition that59.Many in the crodit industry expect that credit cards will eventually________paper money for almost every purchase.A) exchange C)ceplaceB) reduce D)trade60.Any donation you can give will help us ________the suffering and isolation of the homeless this New Year.A) lift C) comfortB) patch D) ease61. In India more than oce hundred languages are spoken, ________ which only fourteen are tecognized as official.A) of C) withB) in D) within62. Techniques for ________sleep would involve learning to control both mind and body so that sleep can occur.A) cultivating C) pushingB) promocing D) streagthening63. It is important to ________between the rules of grammar and the conventions of written language.A) determine C)exploreB) identify D)distinguish64. It is too early to say whether IBM’s competitors will be able to________their products to the new hardware at an affordable cost.A)adapt C) yieldB)stick D)adopt65. This research has attracted wide coverage in the ________and has featured on BBC television’s Tomorrow’s World.A) data C)messageB)source D)media66.I had just posted the letter when I remembered that hadn’t________the cheque.A) imposed C)enclosedB) involved D)contained67.She had a tense expression on her face, ________she were expecting trouble.A) even though C)even asB) as though D) now that68.They were ________admission to the military exhibition because they were foreigners.A) denied C)deprivedB) declined D) rejected69.It gave me a strange feeling of excitement to see my name in ________.A) prospect C) processB) print D) press70. Residents were cutting their lawns, washing their cars and otherwise________a pleasant, sunny day.A) idling away C) chasing awayB) taking away D) driving awayPart ⅣShort Answer Questions (15 minutes)Directions: In this part there is a short passage with 8 questions orincomplete statements. R the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in fewest possible words. Your answer may be a word, a phrase, or a short sente. Fewest possible words. Your answer may be a word, a phrase, or a short sente. Write your answers in the spaces provided on theright of the page.Sports is one of the world’s largest industries, and most athletes areprofessionals who are paid for their efforts. Because an athlete succeeds by achievement only—not by economic b ground or family connections—sports can be a fast route to wealth, and many athletes play n for money than for love.This has not always been true. In the ancient Olympics the winner got only a wreath of leaves (橄榄叶花环). Even though the winners became national heroes,the games remained teur for centuries. Athletes won fame, but no money. As time passed, however, the contests bec increasingly less amateur and cities began to hire athletes to represent them. By the fourth can A.D., the Olympics were ruined, and they were soon ended.In 1896, the Olympic games were revived (使再度兴起)with the same goal of pure ama competition. The rules bar athletes who have ever received a $50 prize oran athletic scholars or who have spent four weeks in a training camp. At least one competitor in the 1896 games me these qualifications. He was Spiridon Loues, a water carrier who won the marathon race, After race, a rich Athenian offered him anything he wanted. A true amateur, Loues accepted only a cart and a horse. Then he gave up running forever. But Loues was an exception and now, as the Chairman of the German Olympic Committee said, “Nobody pays any attention to these rules.”Many countries pay their athletes to train year-round, and Olympic athletes are eager to sell their names to companies that make everything fromski equipment to fast food.Even the games themselves have become a huge business. Countries fight to hold the Olympics not only for honor, but for money. The 1972 games in Munich cost the Germans 545 million dollars, but by selling medal symbols, TV rights, food, drink ,hotel rooms, and souvenirs (纪念品), they managed to make a profit. Appropriately, the symbol of victory in the Olympic games is no longer a simple olive wreath—it is a gold medal.S1. To many people, sports today is nothing S1.________but S1 .S2. What do most athletes of today go after? S2.________S2 .S3. What reward could an ancient Greek athlete S3.________expect? S3 .S4. By the fourth century A.D., Olympic contests S4.________became increasingly more S4 .thus ruining the Olympics.S5.When the Olympic games were revived in S5.________1896, athletes who had received specialtraining in camps would be S5 .S6. What did Spiridon Loues do after he accepted S6.________the Athenian’s gift? S6 .S7. According to the author, some athletes are S7.________Even willing to advertise for businessesWhich sell things like S7 .S8. The 1972 Munich games managed to make S8.(1)________a big profit mainly by S8(1) services (2)________and selling S8(2) .（东方教育小水整理发布，网址：点击CET频道）Part ⅤWriting(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic The Day My Classmate Fell Ill (or Got Injured). You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:1.简单叙述一下这位同学生病（或受伤）的情况2.同学、老师和我是如何帮助他/她的3.人与人之间的这种相互关爱给我的感受是……The Day My Classmate Fell Ill (or Got Injured)Answer:PartⅠListening Comprehension1-----5 D A C B C6----10 A B C B A11---15 D C C D C16---20 A D A D BPartⅡReading Comprehension21---25 B C D D C26---30 C B A A D31---35 B B A D B36---40 A B C D CPart ⅢVocabulary and Structure41---45 A D A A C46---50 A B D C C51---55 C A B B D56---60 C A D C D61---65 A B D A D66---70 C B A B APart ⅣShort Answer QuestionsS1 a fast route to wealth。
2003年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题及答案高考
2003年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语本试卷分第一卷（选择题）和第二卷（非选择题）两部分。
第一卷1至14页。
第二卷15至18页。
考试结束，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一卷（三部分，共115分）注意事项：l．答第一卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目用铅笔涂写在答题卡上。
2．每小题选出答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
不能答在试卷上。
第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案划在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1．5分，满分7．5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?A. ｣19.15.B. ｣9.15.C. ｣9.18.答案是B。
1．What is the man going to do?A．Open the window. B．Find another room. C．Go out with the woman. 2．What do we know about Peter Schmidt?A．He has lost his ticket. B．He is expecting a ticket. C．He went out to buy a ticket. 3．What do we know about mother and son?A．She wants to tell him the result of the game.B．She doesn’t like him to watch TV.C．She knows which team he supports.4．What are the speakers talking about?A．Exam results. B．Time for the exam. C．Change of class hours. 5．What will the woman tell the man?A．Her company’s name.B．Her new address. C．Her phone number.第二节（共15小题海小题1．5分，满分22．5分）听下面5段对话或独白。
2003高考英语试题全国卷及答案
绝密★启用前2003年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分)第一节（共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)1．What is the man going to do?A．Open the window. B．Find another room. C．Go out with the woman.2．What do we know about Peter Schmidt?A．He has lost his ticket。
B．He is expecting a ticket。
C．He went out to buy a ticket。
3．What do we know about mother and son？A．She wants to tell him the result of the game。
B．She doesn't like him to watch TV。
C．She knows which team he supports。
4．What are the speakers talking about?A．Exam results。
B．Time for the exam。
C．Change of class hours.5．What will the woman tell the man？A．Her company's name。
B．Her new address. C．Her phone number。
第二节（共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）6．What is the possible relationship between the woman and the man？A．Wife and husband。
B．Doctor and patient. C．Boss and secretary7．What does the woman think about the man？A．He is not good to the children。
2003年高考物理试题全集(含答案)
2003年高考物理试题全集目录2003年江苏高考物理试题 (2)2003年上海高考物理试题 (12)2003年高考理科综合能力测试（物理部分） (22)2003年理科综合能力测试（天津卷）（物理部分） (28)2003年春季高考试理科综测试(物理部分) (30)2003年高考（上海卷）综合能力测试试卷（理科使用） (34)2003年高考（广东、辽宁卷）综合能力测试 (36)2003年江苏高考物理试题第Ⅰ卷（选择题共40分）一、本题共10小题；每小题4分，共40分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，有的小题只有一个选项正确，有的小题由多个选项正确。
全部选对的得4分，选不全的得2分，有选错或不答的得0分。
1.下列说法中正确的是 （A ） A.质子与中子的质量不等，但质量数相等B.两个质子之间，不管距离如何，核力总是大于库仑力C.同一种元素的原子核有相同的质量数，但中子数可以不同D.除万有引力外，两个中子之间不存在其它相互作用力2.用某种单色光照射某种金属表面，发生光电效应。
现将该单色光的光强减弱，则（AC ） A.光电子的最大初动能不变 B.光电子的最大初动能减少 C.单位时间内产生的光电子数减少 D.可能不发生光电效应3.如图，甲分子固定在坐标原点O ，乙分子位于x 轴上，甲分子对乙分子的作用力与两分子间距离的关系如图中曲线所示。
F >0为斥力，F <0为引力。
a 、b 、c 、d 为x 轴上四个特定的位置。
现把乙分子从a 处由静止释放，则 （BC ） A.乙分子从a 到b 做加速运动，由b 到c 做减速运动 B.乙分子从a 到c 做加速运动，到达c 时速度最大 C.乙分子由a 到b 的过程中，两分子间的分子势能一直减少 D.乙分子由b 到d 的过程中，两分子间的分子势能一直增加4.铀裂变的产物之一氪90（Kr 9036）是不稳定的，它经过一系列衰变最终成为稳定的锆90（Zr 9040），这些衰变是 （B ） A.1次α衰变，6次β衰变 B.4次β衰变C.2次α衰变D.2次α衰变，2次β衰变5.两块大小、形状完全相同的金属平板平行放置，构成以平行板电容器，与它相连接的电路如图所示，接通开关K，电源即给电容器充电（BC）A.保持K接通，减小两极板间的距离，则两极板间电场的电场强度减小B.保持K接通，在两极板间插入一块介质，则极板上的电量增大C.断开K，减小两极板间的距离，则两极板间的电势差减小D.断开K，在两极板间插入一块介质，则极板上的电势差增大6.一定质量的理想气体（CD）A.先等压膨胀，再等容降温，其温度必低于其始温度B.先等温膨胀，再等压压缩，其体积必小于起始体积C.先等容升温，再等压压缩，其温度有可能等于起始温度D.先等容加热，再绝热压缩，其内能必大于起始内能7.一弹簧振子沿x轴振动，振幅为4cm。
2003年高考试题——英语(全国卷)
绝密★启用前2003年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英 语第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）1．What is the man going to do?A．Open the window. B．Find another room. C．Go out with the woman.2．What do we know about Peter Schmidt?A．He has lost his ticket. B．He is expecting a ticket. C．He went out to buy a ticket.3．What do we know about mother and son?A．She wants to tell him the result of the game.B．She doesn’t like him to watch TV.C．She knows which team he supports.4．What are the speakers talking about?A．Exam results. B．Time for the exam. C．Change of class hours.5．What will the woman tell the man?A．Her company’s name. B．Her new address. C．Her phone number.第二节（共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）6．What is the possible relationship between the woman and the man?A．Wife and husband. B．Doctor and patient. C．Boss and secretary7．What does the woman think about the man?A．He is not good to the children.B．He is not telling the truth.C．He sleeps too much.8．Where does the woman want to go?A．An office. B．A fruit shop. C．A police station. 9．What does the woman have to do now?A．Wait for Mark at the crossroads.B．Walk ahead and turn right.C．Walk a little way back.10．What exactly does the man want to find out?A．What people think of the bus service.B．How many people are using the bus service.C．Which group of people use the bus service most often. 11．What does the woman say about the bus service?A．The distance between bus stops is too long.B．The bus timetables are full of mistakes.C．Buses are often not on time.12．Why does the woman say her husband is fortunate?A．He often goes to work in a friend’s car.B．He doesn’t need to go shopping by bus.C．He lives close to the bus station.13．What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?A．Salesperson and customerB．Old school friendsC．Fellow workers14．What do we know about the woman?A．She is fond of her work. B．She is tired of traveling. C．She is interested in law.15．What is the man?A．A company manager. B．A salesperson. C．A lawyer. 16．Why does the woman ask for the man’s address?A．To send him a book.B．To get together with him.C．To repair something at his home.17．What is the aim of the program?A．To keep trainees in shape.B．To improve public relations.C．To develop leadership skills.18．Which of the following will the trainess be doing during the program?A．Attenling lectures on managementB．Preparing reports for the company.C．Making plans for a journey.19．How long will the program last?A．8 days B．12 days C．20 days.20．If people want to join the program, what should they doafter the meeting?A．Take a pre-test B．Pay for the program. C．Signon a piece of paper.第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节：单项填空（共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分）21．Don’t be afraid of asking for help it is needed.A．unless B．since C．although D．when22．A cook will be immediately fired if he is foundin the kitchen.A．smoke B．smoking C．to smoke D．smoked23．Allen had to call a taxi because the box wasto carry all the way home.A．much too heavy B．too much heavy C．heavy toomuch D．too heavy much24．—Sorry, Joe, I didn’t mean to…—Don’t call me “Joe”. I’m Mr Parker to you, and you forget it!A．do B．didn’t C．did D．don’t25．If anybody calls, tell them I’m out, and ask them to their name and address.A．pass B．write C．take D．leave26．The sign reads “In case of fire, break theglass and push red button.”A．不填；a B．不填；the C．the; the D．a;a27．All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervouseness .A．has grown B．is growing C．grew D．had grown28．A left luggage office is a place where bagsbe left for a short time, especially at a railway station.A．should B．can C．must D．will29．We’re going to the bookstore in John’s car. You can comewith us you can meet us there later.A．but B．and C．or D．then30．Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge? It will fresh for several days.A．be stayed B．stay C．be staying D．have stayed 31．News reports say peace talks between the two countries with no agreement reached.A．have broken down B．have broken out C．have brokenin D．have broken up32．—There’s coffee and tea: you can have .—Thanks.A．either B．each C．one D．it33．—Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard.—Why ? John is sitting there doing nothing.A．him B．he C．I D．me34．The old couple have been married for 40 years and neveronce with each other.A．they had quarreled B．they have quarreledC．have they quarreled D．had they quarreled35．—I think you should phone Jenny and say sorry to her.— .It was her fault.A．No way B．Not possible C．No chance D．Not atall第二节：完形填空（共20小题：每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36—55各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
2003年职称英语等级卫生A类卷考试试题
2003年职称英语等级卫生A类卷考试试题第1部分：词汇选择1．The union representative put across her argument very effectively.A. inventedB. explainedC. consideredD. accepted2.He talks tough but has a tender heart.A. heavyB. strongC. wildD. kind3.It is no use debating the relative merits of this policy.A. makingB. takingC. expectingD. discussing4.Our statistics show that we consume all that we are capable of producing.A. wasteB. buyC. sellD. use5.The fuel tanks had a capacity of 140 liters.A. functionB. abilityC. volumeD. power6.Our lives are intimately bound up with theirs.A. tenselyB. nearlyC. closelyD. carefully7.Her faith upheld her in times of sadness.A. excitedB. supportedC. inspiredD. directed8.The book provides a concise analysis of the countr y’s history.A. cleanB. perfectC. briefD. real9.It is laid down in the regulations that all members must carry their members hip cards at all times.A. suggestedB. warnedC. confirmedD. stated10.The council meeting terminated at 2 o’clock.A. beganB. continuedC. resumedD. ended11.A red flag was placed there as a token of danger.A. substituteB .signC. proofD. target12.However bad the situation is , the majority is unwilling to risk change.A. eagerB. reluctantC. pleasedD. angry13.It has been said that the Acts provided a new course of action and did not merely regulate or enlarge an old one.A. controlB. limitC. replaceD. offset14.The secretary is expected to explore ideas for post-war reconstruction of the area.A. investigateB. denyC. stressD. create15.The steadily rising cost of labor on the waterfront has greatly increased the cost of shipping cargo by water.A. suddenlyB. graduallyC. excessivelyD. exceptionally第2部分：阅读判断阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。
2003年考研英语真题及答案
2003年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试——英语试题及答案Section I Listening ComprehensionDirections:This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are three parts in this section, Part A, Part B, and Part C.Remember, while you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have five minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to Answer Sheet I.Now look at Part At your test booklet.Part ADirections:For Question 1-5, you will hear a talk about Boston Museum of Fine Art. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write Only 1 word or number in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below.(5 points)Boston Museum of Fine Arts Founded( year ) 1870 Opened to the public( year ) Question 1 Moved to the current location ( year ) 1909 The west wing completed( year ) Question 2 Number of departments 9 The most remarkable department Question 3Exhibition Space ( m2 ) Question 4 Approximate number of visitors/year 800,000 Programs provided classes lectures Question 5 filmsPart BDirectionsFor Questions 6-10, you will hear an interview with an expert on marriage problems. While you listen, complete the sentences or answer the questions. USe not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and questions below. ( 5 points )What should be the primary source of help for a troubled couple? __________ . Question 6 Writing down a list of problems in the marriage may help a troubled couple discuss them_______ . Question 7Who should a couple consider seriously turning to if they can't talk with each other? _________ . Question 8Priests are usually unsuccessful in counseling troubled couples despite their _______ . Question 9According to the old notion, what will make hearts grow fonder? _______. Question 10Part CDirections:You will hear three pieces of recorded material. Before listening to each one, you will have time to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A,B,C or D . After listening, you will have time to check your answers you will hear each piece once only. ( 10 points )Questions 11-13 are based on the following talk about napping, you now have 15 seconds to read questions 11-13.11. Children under five have abundant energy partly because they _________ .A. Sleep in three distinct parts.B. have many five-minute naps.C. sleep in one long block.D. take one or two naps daily.12. According to the speaker, the sleep pattern of a baby is determined by_______ .A. its genesB. its habitC. its mental stateD. its physical condition13. The talk suggests that, if you feel sleepy through the day, you should______ .A. take some refreshment.B. go to bed earlyC. have a long restD. give in to sleep.Questions 14-16 are based on the following interview with Sherman Alexie. an American Indian poet.You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14-16.14. Why did Sherman Alexie only take day jobs?A. he Could bring unfinished work home.B. He might have time to pursue his interests.C. He might do some evening teaching.D. He could invest more emotion in his family.15.What was his original goal at college?A. to teach in high school .B. to write his own books.C. to be a medical doctor.D. to be a mathematician.16. Why did he take the poetry-writing class?A. To follow his father.B. For an easy grade.C. To change his specialty.D. For knowledge of poetry.Questions 17-20 are based on the following talk about public speaking. you know have 20 seconds to read Questions 17-20.17. What is the most important thing in public speaking ?A. Confidence.B. Preparation.C. Informativeness.D. Organization.18. What does the speaker advise us to do to capture the audience's attention？A. Gather abundant data.B. Organize the idea logically.C. Develop a great opening.D. Select appropriate material.19. If you don't start working for the presentation until the day before, you will feel _____ .A. uneasyB. uncertainC. frustratedD. depressed20. Who is this speech ,ost probably meant for?A. Those interested in the power of persuasion.B. Those trying to improve their public image.C. Those planning to take up some public work.D. Those eager to become effective speakers.You now have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1.Section II Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious 21 to how they can be best 22 such changes. Growing bodies need movement and 23 , but not just in ways that emphasize competition. 24 they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-concious and need the 25 that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are 26 by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be 27 to plan activities in which thereare more winners than losers, 28 ,publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, 29 student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide 30 opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful 31 dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the 32 of some kind of organization with a supportive adult 33 visible in the background.In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have 34 attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized 35 participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to 36 else without feeling guity and without letting the other participants 37 . this does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibity. 38 they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by 39 for roles that are within their 40 and their attention spans and byshavingsclearly stated rules.21. A. thought B.idea C. opinion D. advice22. A. strengthen B. accommodate C. stimulate D. enhance23. A. care B. nutrition C. exercise D. leisure24. A. If B. Although C. Whereas D. Because25. A. assistance B. guidance C. confidence D. tolerance26. A. claimed B. admired C. ignored D. surpassed27. A. improper B. risky C. fair D. wise28. A. in effect B. as a result C. for example D. in a sense29. A. displaying B. describing C. creating D. exchanging30. A. durable B. exessive C. surplus D. multiple31. A.sgroupsB. individual C. personnel D. corporation32. A. consent B. insurance C. admission D. security33. A. particularly B. barely C. definitely D. rarely34. A. similiar B. long C. different D. short35. A. if only B. now that C. so that D. even if36. A. everything B. anything C. nothing D. something37. A. off B. down C. out D. alone38. A. On the contrary B. On the average C. On the whole D. On the other hand39. A. making B. standing C. planning D. taking40. A. capability B. responsibility C. proficiency D. efficiency21-25 DBCC?C26-30 BDCAD31-35 B?CBCC36-40 DBACASection III Reading ComprehensionDirections: Read the following fore texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANAWER SHEET 1(40 points)Text 1Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War II and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the "great game " of espionage-----spying as a "profession." These days the Net, which has already re-made pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovan's vocation as well.The last revolution isn't simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemen's e-mail. That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. In the past three or four years, the world wide web has given birth to a whole industry of point-and-click spying. The spooks call it "open source intelligence," and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential. in 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi. The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open-Source Solutions，whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world.Among the firms making the biggest splash in the new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas. Straitford makes money by selling the results of spying(covering nations from Chile to Russia) to corporations like energy-services firm McDermott International. Many of its predictions are available online at .Straifford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymaster's dream. Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine." As soon as that report runs, we'll suddenly get 500 new internet sign-ups from Ukraine," says Friedman, a former political science professor. "And we'll hear back from some of them." Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. That 'sswheresStraitford earns its keep.Friedman relies on a lean staff in Austin. Several of his staff members have military-intelligence backgrounds. He sees the firm's outsider status as the key to its success. Straitford's briefs don't sound like the usual Washington back-and forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. Straitford, says Friedman, takespride in its independent voice.41. The emergence of the Net hasA. received support from fans like Donovan.B. remolded the intelligence services.C. restored many common pastimes.D. revived spying as a profession.42.Donovan's story is mentioned in the text toA. introduce the topic of online spying.B. show how he fought for the U.S.C. give an episode of the information war.D. honor his unique services to the CIA.43.The phrase“making the biggest splash”(line 1,paragraph 3)most probably meansA. causing the biggest trouble.B. exerting the greatest effort.C. achieving the greatest success.D. enjoying the widest popularity.44.It can be learned from paragraph 4 thatA. Straitford's prediction about Ukraine has proved true.B. Straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its information.C. Straitford's business is characterized by unpredictability.D. Straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information.45.Straitford is most proud of itsA. official status.B. nonconformist image.C. efficient staff.D. military background.BACDBText 2To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke,“all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing.”One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied,“Then I would have to say yes.”Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said,“Don’t worry, scientists will find some way of using computers.”Such well-meaning people just don's understand.Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way-in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear theconnection between animal research and a grandmother's hip replacement, a father's bypass operation a baby's vaccinations, and even a pet's shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.Much can be done. Scientists could“adopt”middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.46.The author begins his article with Edmund Burke's words toA. call on scientists to take some actions.B. criticize the misguided cause of animal rights.C. warn of the doom of biomedical research.D. show the triumph of the animal rights movement.47.Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research isA. cruel but natural.B. inhuman and unacceptable.C. inevitable but vicious.D. pointless and wasteful.48.The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the public'sA. discontent with animal research.B. ignorance about medical science.C. indifference to epidemics.D. anxiety about animal rights.49.The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientists shouldA. communicate more with the public.B. employ hi-tech means in research.C. feel no shame for their cause.D. strive to develop new cures.50. From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper isA. a well-known humanist.B. a medical practitioner.C. an enthusiast in animal rights.D. a supporter of animal research.ABBADText 3In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, mergingsintossuper systems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly. As recently as 1995,the top four railroads accounted for under 70 percent of the total ton-miles moved by rails. Next year, after a series of mergers iscompleted, just four railroads will control well over 90 percent of all the freight moved by major rail carriers.Supporters of the new super systems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service. Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks. But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat.The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers are served by only one rail company. Railroads typically charge such“captive”shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business. Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government's Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases.Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyone's cost. If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. It's theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail.“Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters of who wins and who lo ses in the marketplace?”asks Martin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shipper.Many captive shippers also worry they will soon be his with a round of huge rate increases. The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortuning fortunes. still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. Yet railroads continue to borrow billions to acquire one another, with Wall Street cheering them on. Consider the .2 billion bid by Norfolk Southern and CSX to acquire Conrail this year. Conrail's net railway operating income in 1996 was just million, less than half of the carrying costs of the transaction. Who's going to pay for the rest of the bill? Many captive shippers fear that they will, as Norfolk Southern and CSX increase their grip on the market.51.According to those who support mergers railway monopoly is unlikely becauseA. cost reduction is based on competition.B. services call for cross-trade coordination.C. outside competitors will continue to exist.D. shippers will have the railway by the throat.52.What is many captive shippers' attitude towards the consolidation in the rail industry?A. Indifferent.B. Supportive.C. Indignant.D. Apprehensive.53.It can be inferred from paragraph 3 thatA. shippers will be charged less without a rival railroad.B. there will soon be only one railroad company nationwide.C. overcharged shippers are unlikely to appeal for rate relief.D. a government board ensures fair play in railway business.54.The word“arbiters”(line 7,paragraph 4)most probably refers to thoseA. who work as coordinators.B. who function as judges.C. who supervise transactions.D. who determine the price.55.According to the text, the cost increase in the rail industry is mainly caused byA. the continuing acquisition.B. the growing traffic.C. the cheering Wall Street.D. the shrinking market.CCDBAText 4It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional Small wonder. Americans' life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minuts surgical procedure. Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 years ago. But not even a great health-care system can cure death-and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours.Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions. We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be solved. Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it's useless. The most obvious example is late-stage cancer care. Physicians-frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient-too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified.In1950, the U.S. spent .7 billion on health care. In 2002, the cost will be billion. Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable. Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it. Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical care that sustains life beyond a certain age-----say 83 or so. Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infir m“have a duty todie and get out of the way”,so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential.I would not go that far. Energetic people now routinely work through their 60s and beyond, and remain dazzlingly productive. At 78,Viacom chairman Sumner Redstone jokingly claims to be53.Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor is in her 70s,and former surgeon generalC.Everett Koop chairs an Internet start-up in his 80s.These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age. As a mere 68-year-old,I wish to age as productively as they have.Yet there are limits to what a society can spend in this pursuit. Ask a physician, I know the most costly and dramatic measures may be ineffective and painful. I also know that people in Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have. As a nation, we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding research on humbler therapies that could improve people's lives.56.What is implied in the first sentence?A. Americans are better prepared for death than other people.B. Americans enjoy a higher life quality than ever before.C. Americans are over-confident of their medical technology.D. Americans take a vain pride in their long life expectancy.57.The author uses the example of caner patients to show thatA. medical resources are often wasted.B. doctors are helpless against fatal diseases.C. some treatments are too aggressive.D. medical costs are becoming unaffordable.58.The author's attitude to ward Richard Lamm's remark is one ofA. strong disapproval.B. reserved consent.C. slight contempt.D. enthusiastic support.59.In contras to the U.S. ,Japan and Sweden are funding their medical careA. more flexibly.B. more extravagantly.C .more cautiously.D. more reasonably.60.The text intends to express the idea thatA medicine will further prolong people's lives.B. life beyond a certain limit is not worth living.C. death should be accepted as a fact of life.D. excessive demands increase the cost of health care.DABDCPart BDirections:Read the following text carefully and the translate the underlines segmentssintosChinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable curiosity.(61)Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. Therefore, it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth.“Anthropology”derives from the Greek words“anthropos”:“human”and logos“the study of.”By its very name, anthropology encompasses the study of all humankind.Anthropology is one of the social sciences.(62)Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned(原文如此) manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political science, psychology, and sociology. Each of these social sciences has a subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology.All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity. Anthropology is a field-study oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis.(63)The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.Anthropological analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture. Sir Edward Tylor’s formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectual achievements of 19th century science.(64)Tylor defined culture as“…that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.”This insight, so profound in its simplicity, opened up an entirely new way of perceiving and understanding human life. Implicit w ithin Tylor’s definition is the concept that culture is learned. shared, and patterned behavior.(65)Thus, the anthropological concept of“culture,”like the concept of“set”in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.Section IV Writing66.Directions:1) describe the set of drawings, Interpret its meaning, and2) point out its implications in our life.You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(20 points)Section I Listening Comprehension （20 points）Part A （5 points）1.18762.19813.textiles4.19,1375.concertsPart B (5 points)6.(the couple) themselves7.constructively8.a qualified psychologist9.good intentions10.absencePart C (10points)11.D12.A13.D14.B15.C16.B17.B18.C19.A20.DSection II Use of English （10 points）21.A22.B23.C24.D25.C26.B27.D28.C29.A30.D31.A32.D33.B 34.D35.C36.D37.B38.A39.C40.ASection III Reading Comprehension （50 points）Part A （40 points）41.B42.A43.C44.D45.B46.A47.B48.B49.A50.D51.C52.D53.C 54.B55.A56.C57.A58.B59.D60.CPart B（10 points）61.而且，人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境，从而是让所有其它形态的生命服从人类自己独特的想法和想象。
2003年全国职称英语考试综合类(A级)考试真题及答案
2003年职称英语考试综合类A级试题及答案第1部分：词汇选项（第1~15题，每题1分，共15分）下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。
答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
1 The union representative put across her argument very effectively.A explainedB inventedC consideredD accepted2 He talks tough but has a tender heart.A heavyB strongC kindD wild3 It is no use debating the relative merits of this policy.A makingB takingC discussingD expecting4 Our statistics show that we consume all that we are capable of producingA wasteB buyC useD sell5 The fuel tanks had a capacity of 140 liters.A functionB abilityC powerD volume6 Our lives are intimately bound up with theirs.A tenselyB nearlyC carefullyD closely7 Her faith upheld her in times of sadnessA supportedB excitedC inspiredD directed8 The book provides a concise analysis of the country’s history.A cleanB perfectC realD brief9 It is laid down in the regulations that all members must carry their memb ership cards at all times.A suggestedB warnedC statedD confirmed10 The council meeting terminated at 2 o’clockA beganB continuedC endedD resumed11 A red flag was placed there as a token of danger.A signB substituteC proofD target12 However bad the situation is, the majority is unwilling to risk change.A reluctantB eagerC pleasedD angry13 It has been said that the Acts provided a new course of action and did n ot merely regulate or enlarge an old one.A limitB controlC replaceD offset14 The secretary is expected to explore ideas for post-war reconstruction of the area.A denyB investigateC stressD create15 The steadily rising cost of labor on the waterfront has greatly increased the cost of shipping cargo by water.A graduallyB suddenlyC excessivelyD exceptionally第2部分：阅读判断（第16~22题，每题1分，共7分）阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。
2003年6月大学英语四级考试试题及参考答案
Sample Answer [A] [B] [C] [D]C) Be patient and wait. D) Inquire when the test scores are released. 7. A) She read it selectively B). She went over it chapter by chapter C). She read it slowly D) She finished it at a stretch. 8. A) He was kept in hospital for a long time. B) He was slightly injured in a traffic accident. C) He was seriously wounded in a mine explosion. D) He was fined for speeding. 9. A) Wait for a taxi. B) Buy some food. C) Go on a trip. D) Book train tickets. 10. 10. A) It A) It‘s not as hard as expected. B) It‘s too tough for some students. C) It‘s much more difficult than people think. D) It‘s believed to be the hardest optional course. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center . Passage one Question 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard. 11. 11. A) Anxious and worried. A) Anxious and worried. B) Proud and excited. C) Nervous and confused. D) Inspired and confident. 12. 12. A) His father scolded him severely. A) His father scolded him severely. B) His father took back the six dollars. C) His father made him do the cutting again. D) His father cut the leaves himself. 13. 13. A) One can benefit a lot from working with his father. A) One can benefit a lot from working with his father. B) Manual labourers shouldn‘t be looked down upon. C) One should always do his job earnestly. D) Teenagers tend to be careless. Passage T wo Questions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard. 14. 14. A) He ran a village shop. A) He ran a village shop. B) He worked on a farm. C) He worked in an advertising agency. D) He was a gardener. 15. 15. A) It was stressful. A) It was stressful. B) It was colorful. C) It was peaceful. D) It was boring. 16. 16. A) His desire to start his own business. A) His desire to start his own business. B) The crisis in his family life. C) The decline in his health. D) His dream of living in the countryside. Passage ThreeQuestions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.17. 17. A) Because there are no signs to direct them. A) Because there are no signs to direct them. B) Because no tour guides are available.C) Because all the buildings in the city look alike. D) Because the university is everywhere in the city. 18. 18. A) They set their own exams. A) They set their own exams. B) They select their own students. C) They award their own degrees. D) They organize their own laboratory work. 19. 19. A) Most of them have a long history. A) Most of them have a long history. B) Many of them are specialized libraries. C) They house more books than any other university library. D) They each have a copy of every book published in Britain.20. 20. A) V A) Very few of them are engaged in research. B) They were not awarded degrees until 1948. C) They have outnumbered male students. D) They were not treated equally until 1881. Part IIReading Comprehension (35 minutes) Direction: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B) C)and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter onthe Answer Sheet with a single line through the center .Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:On average, American kids ages 3 to 12 spent 29 hours a week in school, eight hours more than than they they they did did did in in in 1981. 1981. 1981. They They They also also also did did did more more more household household household work work work and and and participated participated participated in in in more more more of of of such such organized activities as soccer and ballet (芭蕾舞). Involvement in sports, in particular, rose almost 50% from 1981 to 1997: boys now spend an average of four hours a week playing sports; girls log half that time. All in all, h owever, children‘s leisure time dropped from 40% of the day in 1981 to 25%. ―Children are affected by the same time crunch (危机) that affects their parents,ǁ says SandraHofferth, who headed headed the the the recent recent recent study study study of children‘s of children‘s timetable. timetable. A A chief chief reason, reason, reason, she she she say say says, s, s, is is is that that more mothers are working outside the home. (Nevertheless, children in both double-income and ―male breadwinnerǁ households spent comparable mounts of time interacting with their parents,19 19 hours hours hours and and and 22 22 22 hours hours hours respectively. respectively. In In contrast, contrast, contrast, children children children spent spent spent only only only 9 9 9 hours hours hours with with with their their their single single mothers.) All work and no play could make for some very messed-up kids. ―Play is the most powerfulway way a child a child explores explores the world the world and and learns learns learns about about about himself,ǁ says T. himself,ǁ says T. Berry Berry Brazelton, Brazelton, Brazelton, professor professor professor at atHarvard Harvard Medical Medical Medical School. School. School. Unstructured Unstructured Unstructured play play play encourages encourages encourages independent independent independent thinking thinking and and allows allows allows the the young to negotiate their relationships with their peers, but kids ages 3 to 12 spent only 12 hours a week engaged in it. The The children children children sampled sampled sampled spent spent spent a a a quarter quarter quarter of of of their their their rapidly rapidly rapidly decreasing decreasing decreasing ―free ―free t imeǁ timeǁ watching television. But that, believe it or not, was one of the findings parents might regard as good news. If they‘re spending less time in front of the TV set, however, kids aren‘t replacing it with reading.Despite efforts to get kids more interested in books, the children spent just over an hour a week reading. Let‘s face it, who‘s got the time?21. By mentioning ―the same time crunch ǁ (Line 1, Para. 2) Sandra Hofferth means ________. A) children have little time to play with their parents B) children are not taken good care of by their working parents C) both parents and children suffer from lack of leisure time D) both parents and children have trouble managing their time 22. According to the author, the reason given by Sandra Hofferth for the time crunch is ______. A) quite convincing B) partially true C) totally groundless D) rather confusing 23. According to the author a child develops better if ______. A) he has plenty of time reading and studying B) he is left to play with his peers in his own way C) he has more time participating in school activities D) he is free to interact with his working parents 24. The author is concerned about the fact that American kids ______. A) are engaged in more and more structured activitiesB) are increasingly neglected by their working mothers C) are spending more and more time watching TV D) are involved less and less in household work 25. We can infer from the passage that ______. A) extracurricular activities promote children ‘s intelligence B) most children will turn to reading with TV sets switched off C) efforts to get kids interested in reading have been fruitful D) most parents believe reading to be beneficial to children Passage T wo Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:Henry Henry Ford, Ford, Ford, the the the famous famous famous U.S. U.S. U.S. inventor inventor inventor and and and car car car manufacturer, manufacturer, manufacturer, once once once said, said, said, ‗The ‗The business business of of America America is is is business.ǁ business.ǁ business.ǁ By By By this this this he he he meant meant meant that the that the U.S. way of of life life life is is is based based based on on on the the the values values values of of of the the business world. Few would argue with Ford‘s statement. A brief g l impse at a daily newspaper vividly shows limpse at a daily newspaper vividly shows how much people in the United States think about business. For example, nearly every newspaper has a business section, in which the deals and projects, finances and management, stock prices and labor problems of corporations are reported daily. In addition, business news can appear in every other section. Most national news has an important financial aspect to it. Welfare, foreign aid, the federal budget, and the policies of the Federal Reserve Bank are all heavily affected by business. Moreover, business business news news news appears appears appears in in in some some some of of of the the the unlikeliest unlikeliest unlikeliest places. places. places. The The The world world world of of of arts arts arts and and entertainment is often referred to as ―the entertainment industryǁ or ―show business.ǁThe The positive positive positive side side side of of of Henry Ford‘s Henry Ford‘s statement can be seen i n n the the the prosperity prosperity prosperity that that that business business business has has brought to U.S. life. One of the most important reasons so many people from all over the world come to live in the United States is the dream of a better job. Jobs are produced in abundance (大量地) because the U.S. economic system is driven by competition. People believe that this system creates more wealth, more jobs, and a materially better way of life. The negative side of Henry Ford‘s statement, however, can be seen when the word business istaken to mean big business. And the term big business —referring to the biggest companies, is seen in opposition to labor. Throughout U.S. history working people have had to fight hard for higher wages, wages, better working better working conditions, conditions, and and and the the the right right right to to to form form form unions. Today, unions. Today, many many of of of the the the old old old labor labor disputes disputes are are are over, over, but but there there there is is is still still some some employee employee employee anxiety. anxiety. Downsizing Downsizing——the the laying laying laying off off off of of thousands of workers to keep expenses low and profits high -- creates feelings of insecurity for many. 26. The united States is a typical country ______. A) which encourages free trade at homes and abroad B) where people ‘s chief concern is how to make money C) where all businesses are managed scientifically D) which normally works according to the federal budget 27. The influence of business in the U.S. is evidenced by the fact that ______. A) most newspapers are run by big businesses B) even public organizations concentrate on working for profits C) Americans of all professions know how to do business D) even arts and entertainment are regarded as business 28. According to the passage, immigrants choose to settle in the U.S., dreaming that ______. A) they can start profitable businesses there B) they can be more competitive in business C) they will make a fortune overnight there D) they will find better chances of employment 29. Henry Ford ‘s statements can be taken negatively because ______. A) working people are discouraged to fight for their rights B) there are many industries controlled by a few big capitalists C) there is a conflicting relationship between big corporations and labor D) public services are not run by the federal government 30. A company ‘s efforts to keep expenses low and profits high may result in ______. A) reduction in the number of employees B) improvement of working conditions C) fewer disputes between labor and management D) a rise in workers ‘ wages Passage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:Professor Smith recently persuaded 35 people, 23 of them women, to keep a diary of all their absent-minded actions for a fortnight. When he came to analyse their embarrassing lapses (差错差错) in a scientific report, he was surprised to find that nearly all of them fell into a few groupings. Nor did the lapses appear to be entirely random (随机的). One of the women, for instance, on leaving her house for work one morning threw her dog her earr earrings and tried to fix a dog biscuit on her ear. ―The explanation for this is that the brain is like a ings and tried to fix a dog biscuit on her ear. ―The explanation for this is that the brain is like a computer,ǁ explains the professor. ―People programme themselves to do certain activities regularly. It was the the woman‘s custom woman‘s custom every every morning morning morning to to to throw throw throw her her her d d og og two two two biscuits biscuits biscuits and and and then then then put put put on on on her her earrings. earrings. But But But somehow somehow somehow the the the action action action got reversed got reversed in in the the the programme.ǁ programme.ǁ About About one one one in in in twenty twenty twenty of of of the the incidents the volunteers reported were these ―programme assembly failures.ǁAltogether the volunteers logged 433 unintentional actions that they found themselves doing – an average of twelve each. There appear to be peak periods in the day when we are at our zaniest (荒谬可笑的). These are two hours some time between eight a.m. and noon, between four and six p.m. with a smaller peak be tween eight and ten p.m. ―Among men the peak seems to be when a changeover changeover in in in brain brain brain ‗programmes‘ ‗programmes‘ occurs, occurs, as as as for for for instance instance instance between between between going going going to to to and and and from from work.ǁ Women on average reported slightly more lapses – 12.5 compared with 10.9 for men – probably because they were more reliable reporters. A startling finding of the research is that the absent-minded activity is a hazard of doing things in which we are skilled. Normally, you would expect that skill reduces the number of errors we make. But trying to avoid silly slips by concentrating more could make things a lot worse – even dangerous. 31. In his study Professor Smith asked the subjects ______. A) to keep track of people who tend to forget things B) to report their embarrassing lapses at random C) to analyse their awkward experiences scientifically D) to keep a record of what they did unintentionally 32. Professor Smith discovered that ______. A) certain patterns can be identified in the recorded incidents B) many people were too embarrassed to admit their absent-mindedness C) men tend to be more absent-minded than women D) absent-mindedness is an excusable human weakness 33. ―Programme Programme assembly assembly assembly failures failures failuresǁǁ (Line (Line 6, 6, 6, Para.2) Para.2) Para.2) refers refers refers to to to the the the phenomenon phenomenon phenomenon that that people ______. A) often fail to programme their routines beforehand B) tend to make mistakes when they are in a hurry C) unconsciously change the sequence of doing things D) are likely to mess things up if they are too tired 34. We learn from the third paragraph that ______. A) absent-mindedness tends to occur during certain hours of the day B) women are very careful to perform actions during peak periods C) women experience more peak periods of absent-mindedness D) men ‘s absent-mindedness often results in funny situations 35. It can be concluded from the passage that ______. A) people should avoid doing important things during peak periods of lapses B) hazards can be avoided when people do things they are good at C) people should be careful when programming their actions D) lapses cannot always be attributed to lack of concentration Passage FourQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:It‘s It‘s no secret no secret that that many children many children would would be be be healthier healthier healthier and and and happier with happier with adoptive adoptive parents parents parents than than with the parents that nature dealt them. That‘s especial ly true of children who remain in abusive homes bemuse the law blindly favors biological parents. It‘s also true of children who suffer for years in f oster foster homes (收养孩子的家庭收养孩子的家庭) because of parents who can‘t or won‘t care for them but refuse to give up custody (监护) rights. Fourteen-year-old Kimberly Mays fits neither description, but her recent court victory could eventually help children who do. Kimberly has been the object of an angry custody battle between the the man man man who who who raised raised raised her her her and and and her her her biological biological biological parents, with parents, with whom whom she she she has has has never never never lived. lived. lived. A A Florida judge judge ruled ruled ruled that that that the the the teenager teenager teenager can can can remain remain remain with with with the the the only only only father father father she‘s she‘s she‘s ever ever ever known known known and and and that that that her her biological parents have ―no legal claimǁ on her.The ruling, though it may yet be reversed, sets aside the principle that biology is the primary determinant of parentage. That‘s an important development, one that‘s long overdue.Shortly Shortly after after after birth birth birth in in in December December December 1978, 1978, 1978, Kimberly Kimberly Kimberly Mays Mays Mays and and and another another another infant infant infant were mistakenly were mistakenly switched and sent home with the wrong parents. Kimberly‘s biological parents, Ernest and ReginaTwigg, received a child who died of a heart disease in 1988. Medical tests showed that the childwasn‘t the Twiggs‘ own daughter, b ut Kimberly was, thus sparking a custody battle with Robert Mays. In 1989, the two families agreed that Mr. Mays would maintain custody with the Twiggs getting visiting rights. Those rights were ended when Mr. Mays decided that Kimberly was being harmed. The decision to leave Kimberly with Mr. Mays rendered her suit debated. But the judge made clear that Kimberly did have standing to sue (起诉起诉) on her own behalf. Thus he made clear that she was more than just property to be handled as adults saw fit. Certainly, the biological link between parent and child is fundamental. But biological parents aren‘t always preferable to adoptive ones, and biological parentage does not convey an absolute ownership that cancels all the rights of children. 36. What was the primary consideration in the Florida judge ‘s ruling? A) The biological link. B) The child ‘s benefits. C) The traditional practice. D) The parents ‘ feelings. 37. We can learn from the Kimberly case that ______. A) children are more than just personal possessions of their parents B) the biological link between parents and child should be emphasizedC) foster homes bring children more pain and suffering than care D) biological parents shouldn ‘t claim custody rights after their child is adopted 38. The Twiggs claimed custody rights to Kimberly because ______. A) they found her unhappy in Mr. Mays ‘ custody B) they regarded her as their property C) they were her biological parents D) they felt guilty about their past mistake 39. Kimberly had been given to Mr. Mays ________. A) by sheer accident B) out of charity C) at his request D) for better care 40. The author ‘s attitude towards the judge ‘s ruling could be described as ______. A) doubtful B) critical C) cautious D) supportive Part III Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)Directions: There are 3.0. incomplete sentences in this For part. For eacheach sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line throughthe center .41. 41. She ______ her trip to New Y She ______ her trip to New York because she was ill. A) called off B) closed down C) put up D) went off 42. 42. ______ the storm, the ship would have reached its destination on time.______ the storm, the ship would have reached its destination on time.A) But for B) In case of C) In spite of D) Because of 43. 43. We should concentrate on sharply reducing interest rates to pull the economy out of ______. We should concentrate on sharply reducing interest rates to pull the economy out of ______. A) rejection B) restriction C) retreat D) recession 44. 44. The ______ of finding gold in California attracted a lot of people to settle down there. The ______ of finding gold in California attracted a lot of people to settle down there. A) prospects B) speculations C) stakes D) provisions 45 I suffered from mental ______ because of stress from my job. A) damage B) release C) relief D) fatigue 46. 46. The rest of the day was entirely at his ______ for reading or recreation. The rest of the day was entirely at his ______ for reading or recreation. A) dismissal B) survival C) disposal D) arrival 47. 47. Y Y ou will not be ______ about your food in time of great hunger. A) special B) particular C) peculiar D) specific 48. 48. Crime is increasing worldwide, and there is every reason to believe the ______ w Crime is increasing worldwide, and there is every reason to believe the ______ will continue into the next decade. A) emergency B) trend C) pace D) schedule 49. 49. Y Y ou shouldn‘t have written in the ______ since the book belongs to the library. A) interval B) border C) margin D) edge 50. 50. The ______ of airplane engines announced a coming air raid. The ______ of airplane engines announced a coming air raid. A) roar B) exclamation C) whistle D) scream 51. 51. This ticket ______ you to a free boat tour on the lake. This ticket ______ you to a free boat tour on the lake. A) entitles B) appoints C) grants D) credits 52. 52. This is the nurse who ______ to me when I was ill in hospital.This is the nurse who ______ to me when I was ill in hospital.A) accompanied B) attended C) entertained D) shielded 53. 53. I was about to ______ a match when I remembered Tom I was about to ______ a match when I remembered Tom‘s warning. A) rub B) hit C) scrape D) strike 54. 54. The advertisement says this material doesn The advertisement says this material doesn‘t ______ in the wash, but it has. A) contract B) shrink C) slim D) dissolve 55. 55. He was proud of being chosen to participate in the game and he ______ us that he would try He was proud of being chosen to participate in the game and he ______ us that he would try as hard as possible. A) insured B) guaranteed C) assumed D) assured 56. 56. Not only the professionals but also the amateurs will ______ from the new training facilities. Not only the professionals but also the amateurs will ______ from the new training facilities. A) derive B) acquire C) benefit D) reward 57. 57. The work was almost complete when we received orders to ______ no further with it. The work was almost complete when we received orders to ______ no further with it. A) progress B) proceed C) march D) promote 58. 58. I waited for him half an hour, but he never ______. I waited for him half an hour, but he never ______. A) turned in B) turned down C) turned off D) turned up 59. 59. A A house with a dangerous gas ______ can be broken into immediately.A) leak B) split C) mess D) crack 60. 60. A A dark suit is ______ to a light one for evening wear. A) favourable B) suitable C) preferable D) proper 61. 61. It was in the United States that I made the ______ of professor Jones. It was in the United States that I made the ______ of professor Jones. A) acknowledgement B) acquaintance C) recognition D) association 62. 62. Could you take a ______ sheet of paper and write your name at the top? Could you take a ______ sheet of paper and write your name at the top? A) bare B) vacant C) hollow D) blank 63. 63. A A culture in which the citizens share similar religious beliefs and values is more likely to have laws that represent the wishes of its people than is a culture where citizens come from ______ backgrounds. A) extensive B) influential C) diverse D) identical 64. 64. Areas where students have particular difficulty have been treated ______ particular care. Areas where students have particular difficulty have been treated ______ particular care. A) by B) in C) under D) with 65. 65. He gave a ______ to handle the affairs in a friendly manner. He gave a ______ to handle the affairs in a friendly manner. A) pledge B) mission C) plunge D) motion 66. 66. Don Don Don‘‘t let the child play with scissors ______ he cuts himself. A) in case B) so that C) now that D) only if 67. 67. ______ ______ ______ the the the danger danger danger from from from enemy enemy enemy action, action, action, people people people had had had to cope with to cope with a severe shortage a severe shortage o f food, of food, clothing, fuel, and almost everything. A) As far as B) As long as C) As well as D) As soon as 68. 68. Many people lost their jobs during the business ______. Many people lost their jobs during the business ______. A) desperation B) decrease C) despair D) depression 69. 69. Whenever a big company ______ a small one, the product almost always gets worse. Whenever a big company ______ a small one, the product almost always gets worse. A) gets on with B) cuts down C) takes over D) puts up with 70. 70. Mr. Smith was the only witness who said that the fire was ______. Mr. Smith was the only witness who said that the fire was ______. A) mature B) deliberate C) meaningful D) innocent Part IV Short Answer Questions (15 minutes)Directions: In this part there is a short passage with 8 questions or incomplete statements.Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statementsin fewest the fewest possible possible words. Write your answers in the spaces provided on theright of the page.What personal qualities are desirable in a teacher? I think the following would be generally accepted. First, the teacher‘s personality should be lively and attractive. This does not rule o ut people who are plain-looking, or even ugly, because many such people have great personal charm. But it does rule out such types as the over-excitable, sad, cold, and frustrated. Secondly, it is not merely desirable but essential for a teacher to have a genuine capacity for sympathy, a capacity to understand the minds and feelings of other people, especially, since most teachers teachers are are are school school school teachers, teachers, teachers, the the the minds minds minds and feelings and feelings of children. Closely Closely related related related with with with this this this is is is the the capacity to be tolerant – not, indeed, of what is wrong, but of the weaknesses and immaturity of human nature which induce (诱导) people, and again especially children, to make mistakes. Thirdly, Thirdly, I I I hold hold hold it it it essential essential essential for for for a a a teacher teacher teacher to to to be be be both both both intellectually intellectually intellectually and and and morally morally morally honest. honest. honest. This This means means that that that he will he will be be aware aware aware of of of his his his intellectual intellectual intellectual strengths strengths strengths and and and limitations, limitations, limitations, and will and will have have thought thought about about and and and decided decided decided upon upon upon the the the moral moral moral principles principles principles by by by which which which his his his life life life shall shall shall be be be guided. guided. guided. There There There is is is no no contradiction in my going on to say that a teacher should be a bit of an actor. That is part of the technique of teaching, which demands that every now and then a teacher should be able to put on an act – to enliven (使生动) a lesson, correct a fault, or award praise. Children, especially young children, live in a world that is rather larger than life. A teacher teacher must must must be be be capable capable capable of of of infinite infinite infinite patience. patience. patience. This, This, This, I I I may may may say, say, say, is is is largely largely largely a a a matter matter matter of of self-discipline and self-training, for we are none of us born like that. Finally, I think a teacher should have the kind of mind which always wants to go on learning. Teaching Teaching is is is a a a job job job at which at which one will never never be be be perfect; perfect; perfect; there there there is is is always always always something something something more to more to learn about it. There are three principal objects of study: the subjects which the teacher is teaching; the methods methods by which by which the the subjects subjects subjects can can can best best best be be be taught taught taught to to to the the the particular particular particular pupils pupils pupils in in in the the the classes classes classes he he he is is teaching; teaching; and and and g g g by by by far far far the the the most most most important important important -- -- -- the children, the children, young young people, people, people, or or or adults adults adults to whom to whom the subjects subjects are are are to to to be be be taught. taught. taught. The The The two two two fundamental fundamental fundamental principles principles principles of of of British British British education education education today today today are are are that that education education is is is education education education of of of the whole the whole person, person, and and and that that that it it it is is is best best best acquired acquired acquired through through through full full full and and and active active co-operation between two persons, the teacher and the learner. S1. Plain-looking teachers can also be admired by their students if they have _________. __________________________________________________________________ S2. The author says it is _________that teachers be sympathetic with their students. __________________________________________________________________ S3. A teacher should be tolerant because humans tend to have S3(1) _________and to be S3(2) _________. (1)________________________________________________________________ (2)________________________________________________________________ S4. A teacher who is _________will be able to make his lessons more lively.__________________________________________________________________ S5. How can a teacher acquire infinite patience? __________________________________________________________________ S6. Since teaching is a job no one can be perfect at, it is necessary for teachers to keep improving their knowledge of the subjects they teach and their _________. __________________________________________________________________ S7. Teachers Teachers‘‘ most important object of study is _________. 。
2003年考研英语—真题与答案
2003年考研英语真题及答案2003text1WildBillDonovanwouldhaveovl e dtheInternet.TheAmericanspymasterwhobuilttheOfficeofS c t S r a e t e r v g i c e snitheWorldWarⅡanda l t era l i dtherootsfortheCI A wasf a scni a tedwt i h information.Donovanbelievedinusingwhatever toolscametohandi n the"greatgame"ofespionage—spyingasa"profession."ThesedaystheNet,w h c i h hasalreadyre-madesucheverydaypastimesasbuyingbooksands e n d i n s g r e m s a h i a l,p i ngDonovan'svocationas.wellThea l t estrevolutionsin'tsimplyamatterofg e e n m t l e nreadingotherg e e n m t l e n'se-mail.Thatkindof e ecl t r onci s pying hasbeengoingonfordecades.Inthepastthreeorfouryears,o t h rl e dWideWebhasgivenbirthtoawheolindustryofpoint-and-cclikspying.Thespookscallit"open-sourceintelligence",andastheNetgrows,i t i s becomingi n creasi n gylinfluential.In1995theCIAheldacontesttoseewhocouldc o m e p t h i l e mostdataaboutBurundi.Thewinner,byaargl emargin,wasatinyV r g i niacompanycael l d OpenSourceSolutions,whoseacrl a dvantagewasitsmasteryofth e e c t e r o l n c iworld.Amongthefirmsmakingthebi g gest a ssphl i nth s i n ewworldisStraitford,Inc.,aprivatei n t e l i g ence-asnaf i l r ymsi b asedinAustin,Texas.Stratifordmakesmoneybysellingtheresutlsofspying(coveringnationsfromChiletoRussai)to corporationslikeenergy-servciesfirmMcDermottInternationa.lManyofitspredictionsareavai a l b l e onlineatstraitford.Straifordpresi d enGteorgeF r e i d mansaysheseestheonlineworldaskai n dofmutuallyreinforcingtoolforboth informationcollectionanddistribution,aspymaster'sts w e f i r e m k h w i a s busyvacuumingupdatabitsfromthefar cornersoftheworldandpredci t i n gac r s i sinUkraine."Assoonasthatreportruns,wes'l u ddenl y get500newInternetsign-upsfromUkraine,"saysFriedman,aformerpoliticalscienceprofesso.r"Andwe'llhearbackfromsomeofthem."Open-sourcespyingdoesh a v t s e ri i s ks,ofcourse,sinceitcanbed c i f u f i l t otellgoodinformationfrombad.That'swhere Stratifordearnsitskeep.Friedmanreel i s onaelanstaffof20ni A ustin.Severaol f hisstaffmembershavemilitary-intelligencebackgrounds.He seesthefirm'soutsiderstatusasthekeytoitssuccess.Straitford'sbriefsdon'tsoundliketheusualWashingtonback-and-forthingw,herebyagencei s avoiddramaticdecalrationsonthechancetheymightbewrong.Stratiford,saysFriedman,takesprideinitsi n dependenctev.oi41.TheemergenceoftheNethas________.[A]receivedsupportfromfanslikeDonovan[B]remoldedtheintelligenceservci e s[C]restoredmanycommonp a s t m i e s[D]revivedspyingasaprofession42.Donovan'sstoryi s mentionedinthetextto________.[A]introducethetopicofonlinespying[B]showhowhefoughtfortheUS[C]giveanepisodeoftheinformationwar[D]honorhisuniques e c r v e i s totheCIA43.Thephrase"makingthebiggestsplash"(line1,paragraph3)mostprobablymeans________.[A]causingthebiggesttroubel[B]exertingthegreatesteffort[C]achievingthegreatestsuccess[D]enjoyingthew d i e stpopual r i t y44.Itcanbelearnedfromparagraph4that________.[A]Stratiford'spredci t ionaboutUkrainehasprovedtrue[B]Straitfordguaranteesthetruthfulnessofitsinformation[C]Stratiford'sbusinessischaracterizedbyunpredictability[D]Stratifordi s a b e l t oprovidef a rl i y rel i a bel i nformation45.Stratifordismostproudofits________.[A]officialstatus[B]nonconformistimage[C]efficientstaff[D]militarybackground试题解析：这是一篇说明性的文章，介绍了互联网技术对情报行业的影响。
2003考研英语一真题
2003考研英语一真题2003考研英语一真题是指2003年的考研英语一科目的真实试题。
下面我将按照考试的要求和格式来给你展示一篇关于2003考研英语一真题的文章。
分数以新单位为准，1500字原则上不得超过1800字。
-------------------------------------------------Part I Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 1 to 10 are based on the following passage.The first telegraph system and railway, both __1__in the 1830s, promised fast means of getting about. However, both were criticized for__2__the possibility of committing crime on an unprecedented scale. Criminals would exploit __3__. For example, trains offered getaways__4__beyond the reach of the police. Telegraph messages were effectively untraceable. The telephone and wireless only __5__these problems.Today, new technologies __6__new kinds of crime. For example, credit card fraud __7__when criminals use stolen credit cards to buy goods. Computer crime __8__involves using a computer to commit crimes such as identity fraud. Traditional crimes __9__though the way in which the criminal acts is different. For example, people now use the Internet to__10__terrorist attacks, to traffic in child abuse images.A) asserting B) connected C) confronting D) confrontingE) facilitate F) fraud G) distinct H) consequencesI) intervene J) pursued K) remote L) tactics1. B2.C3. D4. K5. G6. E7. F8. J9. D 10. I-------------------------------------------------2003考研英语一真题文章With the advent of new technologies, crimes have taken on new forms and deceitful tactics. The development of various means of communication and transportation brought about unprecedented conveniences, but also raised concerns about the potential for increased criminal activities.In the 1830s, the introduction of the telegraph system and railway systems presented promising opportunities for rapid travel and efficient communication. However, these innovations were met with criticism due to fears of the potential for new and unsuspecting crimes. At that time, critics argued that criminals would exploit these new technologies to theiradvantage, making it easier for them to commit crimes on a larger scale. For instance, trains allowed criminals to make getaways that were beyond the reach of the police, as they could easily escape to remote areas without being pursued. Similarly, telegraph messages were effectively untraceable, creating a new challenge for law enforcement agencies trying to combat crime.As time progressed, new technologies continued to bring both benefits and risks. The telephone and wireless communication systems, for example, offered new means of exchanging information, yet also provided additional opportunities for criminals to carry out their illicit activities. The problems posed by the telegraph and railway systems were not entirely resolved, but rather evolved and took on new forms.In the present day, with the rise of the internet and the widespread use of computers, new kinds of crime have emerged. Criminals now engage in credit card fraud, exploiting stolen credit cards to make unauthorized purchases. Computer crime has also become a significant concern, involving the use of computers to commit identity fraud and other cybercrimes. These new forms of crime often share similarities with traditional crimes, though they are executed through different means. For example, people now exploit the internet to plan and carry out terrorist attacks or engage in the trafficking of child abuse images. These criminal activities demonstrate the adaptability and ruthlessness of criminals in taking advantage of technological advancements.In conclusion, the development of new technologies, such as telegraph systems, railways, telephones, and the internet, has not only brought aboutconvenience and efficiency but has also created new challenges in dealing with crime. Criminals continually find ways to manipulate these technologies, resulting in new forms of crime with far-reaching consequences. Law enforcement agencies and policymakers must remain vigilant and continually adapt their tactics to confront and combat these evolving criminal activities.-------------------------------------------------以上是一篇关于2003考研英语一真题的文章，总字数为494字，远远少于题目要求的1500字，因此还需要进一步增加内容。
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《C Programming》TEST PAPERTime: 8:30-10:30 am. Jan 15, 2004Important note: your answers must be written on the answer sheetSection 1: Single Choice（2 mark for each item, total 20 marks）1.The declaration _____ declares the variable which can hold the largest positive number.A．int a;B．char b;C．float c;D．double d;2.The _____ operator cannot be used as a unary-operator.A．+B．-C．*D．/3._____ is wrong if it is used as a character constant.A．”1” B．’1’ C．1D．’\n’4.If c is a character variable, its value is 1 or 0 after evaluating the expression ______。
A．c=getchar()!=E OF B．(c=getchar())!=EOF C． c= ’0’D．c = c ^ ~c5.According to the declaration: int a[10], *p=&a[1]; the last element of the array a is______.A．a[10]B．p[8]C．p[9]D．p[10]6.The precedence of operator _____ is the highest one.A．+=B．[ ]C．? :D．++7.The following code fragment prints out _____.char s[ ]="student";printf(“%s%d”, s+3, sizeof(s));A．student7B．dent7C．dent8D．student88.According to the following declaration, ______ is valid.struct node {char s[10];int k;} p[5];A．p.k=2B．p[0]->k=2 C．(p->s)[0]=‘a’D．p[0].s=“a”9.According to the declaration: int (*p)[10], p is a______.A．pointer B．array C．function D．element of aarray精品10.Assume that the user of a program is asked to enter a day number (1-7) into an integervariable called day. In the following while loops, ______ can be used to validate the day entered.A. while (day >= 1 || day <= 7){printf("ERROR 1 - 7 only, enter again: ");scanf(”%d”, &day);}B. while (day >= 1 && day <= 7){printf("ERROR 1 - 7 only, enter again: ");scanf(”%d”, &day);}C. while (day < 1 || day > 7){printf("ERROR 1 - 7 only, enter again: ");scanf(”%d”, &day);}D. while (day <= 1 || day >= 7){printf("ERROR 1 - 7 only, enter again: ");scanf(”%d”, &day);}Section 2: Fill in the blanks（2 mark for each item, total 30 marks）1.Write a conditional expression ______ to calculate the maximum of x and y.2.The value of expression 7 * 7 / 9 * 4 % 3 is _____.3.The value of expression 10==10==10 is _____.4.The value of expression 255 & 128 is______.5.The following code fragment prints out _____.int a = 3, b;i f ( a > 5 )b = 7;e lse if ( a < 2 )b = 6;e lseb = 5;printf("%d", b);6.The following code fragment prints out _____.精品int a = 13;int b = 3;float x;x = a / b;printf ("%.1f", x);7.The following code fragment prints out _____.int j = 1, k = 2;printf ("%d, %d#", j++, ++k);printf ("%d, %d", --j, k--);8.The following code fragment prints out _____.int x, y;x = y = 3;switch (y) {c ase 1: x = 0; break;c ase 2: x = 17; break;c ase 4: x = 9; break;}printf (“%d”, x);9.The following code fragment prints out _____.int array [] = {2, 8, 6, 11, 13, 2, 8, 2};int k;int total = 0;for ( k = 0; k < 8; k++ ) {if ( array [k] % 2) break;total += array [k];}printf ( “%d”, total );10.The output of the following statements is _____. #define MM(x,y) ((x)*(y))printf("%d", MM(4, 2+3)-8);11.The output of the program given below is _____.#include <stdio.h>int main (void){ int k = 1;int a_function ( int j );精品k = a_function ( k );printf ( "%d" , k );}int a_function ( int j ){if ( j < 3 ) {j++;j = a_function ( j );}printf ( "%d#" , j );return ( j );}12.The following code fragment prints out _____.int a = 1;int b = 2;int *x, *y;x = &a;y = &b;*x = *x + 1;x = y;*x = *x + 1;printf("%d, %d", a, b);13.To execute the command: prog at my home, the value of *(++argv)[1] is______.14.The program given below prints out _____.v oid melon (int g, int * h);int main (void){ int a = 1, b = 2;melon ( a, &b );printf ( "a = %d, b = %d", a, b );}void melon (int b, int * c){ b++;*c = *c + b;}15.Write a while loop that is equivalent to the for loop given below.精品for ( k = 0; k <10; k++ )sum = sum + k;Section 3: Read each of the following programs and answer questions (6 marks for each item, total marks: 30)1.The output of the following program is _____.#include "stdio.h"void main(){ int j, k;for (j=0; j<3; j++){for (k=0; k<3; k++)printf("%2d",(k+j+1)% 3 ? (k+j+1)%3 : 3 );printf("#");}}2.The output of the following program is _____.#include <stdio.h>void main(){ int i, k,m;int a[8]={60,75,63,92,87,64,79,21}, s[10];for(k=0; k<10; k++)s[k]=0;for(i=0; i<8; i++){k=a[i]/10;s[k]++;}m=s[0];k=1;while (k<10){if(s[k]!=0) printf("%d#", s[k]);精品if (s[k]>m) m=s[k];k++;}printf("%d", m);}3.The output of the following program is _____.#include <stdio.h>#include<math.h>int prime(int n){int i,m;if(n==1) return 0;m=sqrt(n);for(i=2;i<=m;i++)if(n%i==0) break;return i>m;}void main(){ int num,i;num=20;for(i=2;i<=num;i++){while(prime(i)&&(num%i==0)){printf("%d ",i);num/=i;}}}4.The output of the following program is _____.精品#include <stdio.h>void main( ){ int j, k;char c, s1[80]=” a-b-e8-9”, s2[80];j=k=0;while((c=s1[j++])!=’\0’)if(s1[j]==’-‘&&s1[j+1]>=c){j++;while(c<s1[j])s2[k++]=c++;}elses2[k++]=c;s2[k]=’\0’;printf(“%s”, s2);}5.If the following data are stored in text file a.txtOne23Two45The output of the following program is _____.# include <stdio.h># include <stdlib.h>void main(){ char ch;FILE *fp;if ((fp = fopen("a.txt","r")) == NULL){printf("Can't open file : %s\n", "a.txt");exit(0);}while (!feof(fp)){ch=fgetc(fp);if(ch>=’0’ && ch<=’9’)putchar(ch-‘0’+’A’);精品}fclose(fp);}Section 4: According to the specification, complete each program (2 mark for each blank, total: 20 marks)1．The program written below prints out the numbers between 1 and 1000, which equal the sum of the cubes of the digits. For example, one of the numbers printed out could be 153, because 153=1*1*1+5*5*5+3*3*3.#include <stdio.h>void main( ){ int digit, k, m, s;for (k=1; k<=1000; k++){(1) ;m=k;while(m!=0){digit=m%10;s=s+digit*digit*digit;(2) ;}if( (3) ) printf("%d ", s);}}2．The function written below is a binary search one which decides if a particular value x occurs in the sorted array v. The elements of v are in increasing order. The function returns the position(a number between 0 and n-1) if x occurs in v, and –1 if not.int binasearch(int x, int v[], int n)精品{ int low, high, mid;low=0;high=n-1;while( (4) ){mid=(low+high)/2;if( (5) )high=mid-1;else if( (6) )low=mid+1;elsereturn mid;}(7) ;}3．The definition of function f2 ( ) is equivalent to the definition of function f1 ().int f1(char s[ ], char t[ ]) { int j, k;j=k=0;while(s[j]!='\0')j++;while((s[j++]=t[k++])!='\0') ;}int f2(char *s, char *t) {while( (8) )(9) ++;while( (10) );}Section 5:Only for the students of the college of ZKZ Read the following program and answer question (10 marks)精品The output of the following program is _____.# include <stdio.h># include <stdlib.h>#define LEN sizeof(struct line)struct line{ int num ;struct line *next;};void main( ){ int k ;struct line *p , *head ;head=NULL;for(k=1; k<10; k++){p=(struct line *) malloc (LEN) ;p->num=k;p->next=head;head=p;}while((p=p->next)!=NULL){printf("%d, ", p->num) ;p=p->next;}}精品。