英语 主谓一致、名词的格、五大句型

五大句型S + V 主+谓•此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。

•这类动词叫不及物动词。

后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。

•这种句型的动词大多数是不及物动词，所谓不及物动词，就是这种动词后不可以直接接宾语，常见的动词如：work，sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive ,come, die disappear, cry, happen等。

•例句：•Li Ming works very hard.•The accident happened yesterday afternoon.•Spring is coming.•We have lived in the city for ten years.•Time flies.•Class begins.•The man doesn't work.•We all laughed.•Everybody has arrived.•The sun rises.S + V + Cs 主+系+表•共同特点：句子的谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明谓语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。

这类动词叫做连系动词.。

系动词分两类：be look feel smell 等属一类，表示情况，get grow become,•turn 等属于另一类，表示变化。

be 本身没有意义，只起连系主语和表语作用。

•这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点，身份等。

系动词分为两类：一状态。

这样的动词有：be, look seem, smell, taste, sound, keep 等。

•例句•This kind of food tastes delicious.•He looked worried just now.S+V+O主+谓+宾•共同特点：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。

这类动词叫及物动词。

这种句型中动词一般为及物动词，所谓及物动词，就是这种动词后可以直接宾语，其宾语通常由名词，代词，动词不定式，动名词或从句等充当。

•例句•He took his bag and left.•Li Lei always helps me when i have difficulties.•She plans to travel in the coming May Day.•I don't know waht i should do next.S + V +Oi + Od主+胃+间宾+直宾•共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。

这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是间接承受者。

•通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。

这种句型中直接宾语为主要宾语，表示动作是对谁做的或为谁做的，在句子中不可或缺，常常由表示“物”的名词来充当；间接宾语也称为第二宾语，去掉之后，对整个句子影响不大，多由指“人”的名词或代词承担。

引导这类双宾语的常见动词有：give , bring, tell, send, leave, pass, read, write , show, teach, award, lend, buy, hand, recommend等。

•例句•Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.•Her father bought a dictionary for her as a birthday present.•The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March.•The old man always tells stories about the heroes to the children in the Long March.•She passed him a new dress.•She cooked her a delicious meal.•She brought her husband a new watch.•He showed me how to run the machine.S + V +O + Co主+胃+宾+宾补•共同特点：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使语义完整。

•Subject +verb + object +complement•这种句型中的“宾语+补语”统称为“复合宾语”。

宾语补足语的主要作用是补充说明宾语的特点、身份等；或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。

担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。

如：•You should keep the room clean and tidy./ We made him our monitor.•He told him not to play in the street./My father likes to watch the boys playing basketball. •Yesterday i had a picture taken with two Americans.•常见动词有：tell, ask ,advise, help, want ,would like, order ,force, allow 等。

•注意：动词have , make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch等后面所接的动词不定式做宾语补足语时，不带to.如：•The boss made him do the work all day./I heard her sing in the next room all the time last night.主谓一致关系•语法一致原则•Both parties have their own advantages.2.She wants to go home•Susan comes home every week-end.•意义一致原则•This pair of trousers costs fifty dollars.•The United States is a developed country.•就近原则•Either my grandsons or their father is coming.•Not only the workers but also the boss is not there.•有些集合名词如：army, board, class , company , council, crew , crowd , family , flock , government , majority , public, team, group , committee, couple , audience , firm , party, club, gang, herd, jury, congress, band等做主语时，如果将其作一个整体来看待，动词用单数；如果指其中的每个成员，动词用复数。

•1.The family is going to move to Beijing.•2.The family have different opinions about their going abroad.•集合名词people, police, cattle等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

•1.Chinese people love peach.•分数或百分数及all, part, some, most, half, none, plenty, the rest of等表示部分的词或短语作主语时，谓语动词的单复数与of后的名词一致。

•1.Most of the university students have part-time jobs to finance their tuition.•2.Most of the work hasn't been finished yet.•1.形式上为复数，但意义上为单数的名词作主语时，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。

•这类名词有以-s结尾的表示学科、专业、疾病等术语的名词及其他名词。

economics，linguistics，politics，mathematics，physics，measles(麻疹)，news，works，brains(智慧)•1.Physics is a difficult subject.•2.Brains is very important to a person.•名词或代词后跟with, along with, like, accompanied by, except, besides, as well as, together with, in addition to, including, no less than, rather than, 等引起的结构时，谓语动词随结构前的名词或代词的形式而定。

•1.The president, accompanied by five officials, has gone to USA for a very important meeting.•.2.You，rather than your sister, are responsible for the matter.•1.The teacher and writer is respected by all the people around.•2.The teacher and the writer are respected by all the people around.•3.Social and political freedom are limited there.•用and连接的单数名词，前面有each, every, many a, no修饰语时，谓语要用单数。

1.Every man，woman, and child is entitled to take part in the activity.•2.Each pen and each paper is found in its place.1.A number of books have lent out.•2.The number of books has lent out.•3.There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.•4.There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.•5.The poor were not able to buy the house.•6.The beautiful is not always the useful.• 1.Neither of them wants to come.•2.He is one of the students who have trouble in following the teacher in class.•3.He is the only one of the students who has trouble in following the teacher in class。