A NEW ENGLISH COURSE 4

A NEW ENGLISH COURSE 4
NOTES FOR UNIT FOUR
TEXTBOOK
A. New Words
1、contend v. 搏斗，争斗
contend 含有要战胜对手，克服障碍，疾病等的欲望和努力的意思。

常常表示是一种竞争而不是仇视，是通过争论，辩论而不是使用武力。

常与“contend for”连用。

2、bluntly adj. 直率的，不拐弯抹角的，生硬的，迟钝的，不锋利的
a blunt refusal 干脆的拒绝，to be blunt with you 老实跟你说，bluntly speaking 直说。

3、multilation n.. 破坏。

损害
4、prelude n. 序言，序幕，开场戏，序曲，前奏曲（常与to搭配。

）
5、consume v. 消耗，消费，消灭，毁灭（be consumed with）
6、transfer v. 转移，传递，传输，调动，改变，转变，变换，转让
transform也有改变，转变的意思，但是它强调这种转变在物质内部发生了变化。

7、restrain v. 抑制，遏制，制止
8、dog-eared adj. 书页折角的，书翻旧的，破旧的
9、dilapidated adj. 损害的，毁坏的
10、scribble v. 潦草书写，乱涂，草率写作n.潦草的笔记，拙劣的作品
11、intact adj. 未经触动的，未受损的，完整的
12、integral adj. 完整的，整体的，构成整体所必要的，组成的
13、crayon n. 粉笔，蜡笔
14、symphony n. 交响乐
15、typography n. 印刷术，排版，印刷格式
16、indispensable adj. 必需的（indispensable to）
17、fundamental adj. 基础的，根本的，基本的（be fundamental to）
18、sacred adj. 神圣的，神的
19、unblemished adj. 无缺点的，无暇的
20、margin n. 页边，栏外，边缘
B.Sentences
1.You know you have to read “between the lines”toget the most out of anything.
你知道要想最大程度地获得知识，就得从字里行间细细阅读。

句中的to get the most out of anything 意为：从…中获得最多的
例如：He paid all attention to the class trying to get most out of teacher.
他上课十分专心，总是努力从老师那学到更多。

另外有一个词组to get something for nothing意为：不付出…就得到…
例如：Mr.Smith is such a person who always wants to get something for nothing.
史密斯先生是那种极爱占小便宜的人。

2.Unless you do ,you are not likely to do the most efficient kind of reading.
除非你这样做，否则你不可能做到有效的阅读。

句中的be likely to do sth 表示有可能做某事。

例如：She is likely to be a good actor in the future.
她将来有可能成为好演员
3.Ｉcontend,quite bluntly,that marking up a book is not an act of mutilation but of love.
我直率地说，在书上做笔记不是破坏而是出于对它的爱。

句中的no t…but…意思是：不是…而是…
例如：He was engrossed in the research of spider,not out of curiosity but out of love for science.
他沉湎于对蜘蛛的研究，不是出于好奇，而是处于对科学的热爱。

4.But this act of purchase is only the prelude to possession.
但买了书只是拥有它的第一步。

Prelude一词源于音乐，意思是序曲，interlude间奏。

后也引申为序言，开端。

常与to连用。

例如：Good pronunciation is the only prelude to English study。

好的发音仅仅是英语学习的开端。

5.But you don’t own the beefsteak in the most important sense until you consume it and get it into your bloodstream.
但是除非你将牛排吃了而且消化在血液里，否则你就没有最大限度地拥有它。

句中的in the most important sense 意思是在最大程度上。

例如：You can’t understand the love of the parents in the most important sense until you become parents one day.
除非有一天自己当父母，不然你永远都不可能真正理解父母的爱。

6.I am arguing that books,too,must be absorbed in you bloodstream to do you any good.
我认为书也一样，必须真正徐傲华才能让你受益。

句中的be absorbed in 意思是全神贯注地沉浸在其中。

与be engrossed in,be involved in 意思相同。

例如：He was fuly absorbed/engrossed/involved in that book,totally forgetting the time.
他如此沉寂在那本书里，完全忘记了时间。

7.this person would probably like to like make books his own ,but is restrained by a false respect for their physical appearance.
这种人可能想真正拥有自己的书，但又会因为对书的装帧的错误尊重而限制自己不做笔记。

句中的be restrained by 意思是为…所限制。

Restrain 一词还可和反身代词搭配，restrain oneself 克制自己做某事。

例如：Anyone who wants to make a challenging career shouldn’t be restrained by the conventional rules. 想成就富于挑战的事业就不应该被世俗的规则所束缚。

8.I’d no more scrible all over a first edition of Paradise Lost than I’d give my baby a set of crayons and an original Rembrandt!正如我不会在《失乐园》的西医稿上乱画，我也不会给我的孩子铅笔让他在勃朗特的原版画上乱涂。

本句中的句型no mor e…than…在此构成双重否定，表示既不…也不…
例如：John is no cleverer than Mary.约翰和玛丽都不聪明。

9.Its soul,so to speak,is inseparable from its body.
说起来，它的精神和外在是不可分割的。

本句的so to speak是一个插入语，起着分隔和强调句子的作用。

例如：Teacher’s role,so to speak,is to educate and to guid.
教师的作用，说起来，就是教育和引导。

10.If your respect for magnificent binding or typografhy gets in the way,buy yourself
a cheap edition and pay your respects to the author.
如果因为不忍心破坏那些装帧精美的书，那就买便宜的版本表示对作者的尊重。

句中的get in the way 意思是阻碍…，挡住了…的去路。

例如：It is his lacking of confidence but not his abilitygets in the way of his success. 是缺少自信而不是能力不够，阻碍了他的成功。

另外，有一些与way有关的成语也值得注意，如a lion in the way 拦路虎，all the way 从头至尾，be in a great way 激动，get under way 开始进行，fight ones way 奋进前进。

11.why is marking up a book indispensable to reading?
为什么做笔记是阅读中必不可少的呢？
本句中be indispensable to sth. 意思是…是必须的。

例如：Washing hands before meal is indispenable to our health .
饭前洗手对健康是必须的。

12.If reading is to accomplish anything more than passing time,it must be active。

如果阅读不仅仅是打发时间，还应该有所收获的话，那么阅读就应该是积极的。

Accomplish 一词表达成功地完成，而且强调结果是成功的，令人满意的。

而finish一次只强调完成，不强调结果的好坏。

例如：Don’t tell me that you will try to finish the task in the few days；what
I want to hear is accomplish !
不要告诉我你们几天后会将失去做完，我想听的是胜利完成
13．You can’t let your eyes glide across the lines of a book and come up with an understanding of what you have read.你别期望一目十行就可以将所读的东西都完全理解。

本句中的come up with 这个词组表示产生…的效果，结果…
例如：Don’t expect that you can sleep all the day and come up with a high mark in the final exam. 你别期望能整天睡觉，然后期末考试拿高分。

14.It’s linke resuming an interrupted conversation with the advantage of being able to pick up where you left off.这就像重新继续那中断了的谈话。

Resume表示重新恢复…
例如：Two countries resumed the diplomatic relationship which had been destroyed for some decades.两国恢复了被中断几十年的外交关系
Pick up 表示继续又开始…
例如：They picked up the marriage after three years’parting.分开三年后，她们又继续这段婚姻。

15.Learning doesn’t consist in being an empty receptacle.
学习不仅仅是做一个空空的接收器。

本句中的consist与不同的借此搭配，有不同的意思。

Consist in 在于，consist of 由组成，consist with并存，一至。

例如：Happiness consists in struggle.幸福在于奋斗。

Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen。

水由氢和氧组成
Theory should consist with practice.理论赢和实践结合。

B.Others
1) Owenership 所有权Musicianship 乐感Professorship 教授之职Membership 成员资格
Scholarship 奖学金Readership 读者人数Premiership 首相之职
2）let it be = let nature take its course 让其自然发生
3) Evolution and Ethics 天演论
4）scale 音阶score 乐谱
5）Four Inventions（四大发明）:
Gunpowder (火药) ,Compass（指南针）,Typography (印刷术) , Paper-making (造纸术) 6) no more than sth is not true, not suitable than they seem
no more … than 1.sth is needed and suitable 2.sb/sth is less important
Ex：It’s no more than a scratch.
A home without love is no more a home than a body without a sound mind is a man. WORKBOOK
A．Useful Words & Expressions
Outlining 列提纲Drifting 初稿Revising 修改Editing编审Thesis 论文The Plain Style 简洁的风格Expository Writing 说明文写作Sharp（时间）整点Juvenile Delinquent 少年犯Blood-sucker 吸血鬼Slavish Admirer of Logic 盲从的逻辑For the most part = in most cases 往往，大多数情况下
Keep soul and body together 维持生活、糊口度日
B．Different Phrases Containing The Same Verb
DO
1.Do away with1: to put an end to :ABOLISH摆脱、废除2: to put to death :KILL杀死
2.Do by to deal with :TREAT对待
3.Do down 1:speak of sb/sth in a critical or an unfavourable way 说某人或某事的坏话
2:criticize or disparage sb/sth 指责或诋毁某人/某事物
4.Do for1:Chiefly British to attend to the wants and needs of :take care of
为……料理家务（或管家或清洁工作），照料，照顾
2: to bring about the death or ruin of 使……完蛋，毁掉、破坏、击败
3: (infml)used in questions with how and what manage to obtain 设法获得
4:improve the appearance of sb/sth 使某人/某事物改观
5.Do out of1:向……骗取，骗走2:（用不正当的手段）剥夺
6.Do up1:be fastened ; fasten 固定住; 扣上; 绑紧
2:(infml)make oneself more attractive by putting on make up , different clothes,etc.
藉梳妆打扮、穿奇装异服等使自己格外引人
3: fasten (a coat, skirt, etc) with buttons, a zip, etc 用扣子、拉链等固定衣物
4: make sth into a parcel or bundle; wrap or tie sth up 包住或捆扎某物
5:repair, redecorate or modernize (a house, room, etc)
修理、重新装饰或以现代化设备装修（房子、房间等）:
7.Do with1:used with can and could to express a need or desire for sth 需要/希望得到某事物
2: used in the negative with can and could tolerate sth 忍受某事物
3:used in questions with what 於疑问句中, 与what配合使用
8.Do without(used esp with can & could) manage without sb/sth 不用或没有某人/某物也行
MAKE
1.Make it = get there in time 准时到达
2.Make head or tail of = understand 彻底了解
3.Mark light of = treated as of little importance 轻视
4.Make it up = become friends again 和解、复合
5.Make both ends meet = living within one’s meagre income 收支平衡
6.Make one’s blood boil = make her very angry 使人异常愤怒
7.Make believe = pretending 假装
8.Make one’s mouth watered = aroused one’s appetite 使人垂涎
9.Make the best of = use to the greatest advantage 充分利用
10.Make up = inventing 虚构、编造
11.Make out = see 辨认出
12.Make as if = (raise his arm and looked )as if he was about 作出……的样子
13.Make much of = treated as of great importance 重视
14.Make up one’s mind = decide 下决心
15.Make sure = see to it that 确认
16.Make fun of = laughed at 取笑某人
17.Make hay while the sun shines = does what he has to do while the time is right抓紧时机行事
18.Make a world of difference = was crucial 关系重大、大小不同
PS: Make off = run away 离开
Make …out of = 由……制成，用……做原料
Make way 让路
Make over / Hand over 移交
Assure Assure sb. of sth. ( =try to cause to believe or trust in sth) 向……保证
Ensure Ensure + that / sth. 确定,保证,担保
Insure Insure + that / sth. 保险,确保,投保...险
Organized by Li Jingwen, Xu Hong, Xiong Jian & Li Shaochong in Department of Medincine。