高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解训练(2)3

山西太原市2016高考英语二轮阅读理解训练（2）请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

For decades, public health officials have puzzled over a surprising fact about HIV: Only about 10-20 percent of infants who are breastfed by infected mothers catch the virus. Tests show, though, that HIV is indeed present in breast milk, so these children are exposed to the virus multiple times daily for the first several months of their lives.Now, a group of scientists and doctors from Duke University has figured out why these babies don’t g et infected. Human breast milk naturally contains a protein called Tenascin C that neutralizes HIV and, in most cases, prevents it from being passed from mother to child. Eventually, they say, the protein could potentially be valuable as an HIV-fighting tool for both infants and adults that are either HIV-positive or at risk of contracting the infection.The research, published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, was inspired by previous work by other researchers showing that, both in tissue cultures (组织培养) and live mice, breast milk from HIV-negativemothers was naturally endowed with HIV-fighting properties. Scientists suggested that a few different proteins in the milk could potentially be responsible, but no one knew which one.As part of the study, the researchers divided breast milk into smaller fractions (部分) made up of specific proteins via a number of filters (过滤) — separating the proteins by size, electrical charge and other characteristics—and tested which of these fractions, when added to a tissue culture, prevented the cells from being infected by HIV. Eventually, they found that one particular protein was present in all the HIV-resistant fractions but in none of the others: Tenascin C.Tenascin C works by blocking a key protein on HIV’s envel ope that normally ties up to a receptor on a T cell’s membrane called CCR5. In doing so, Tenascin C prevents HIV from mixing with the T cell and injecting its RNA inside.Still, the researchers say that other natural elements in milk might play a rolein f ighting HIV as well. “It’s clearly not the whole story, because we do have samples that have low amounts of this protein but still have HIV-neutralizing activity,” the study’s lead author Permar says.“So it may be acting in concert with other antiviral an d antimicrobial factors in the milk.”Whatever those other factors are, though, the finding vindicates (证明……的正确) recent changes to UN guidelines that recommend even HIV-positive mothers in resource-poor countries should breastfeed, if they’re taking anti-retroviral drugs to combat their own infection.The next steps, Permar says, are determining which area of Tenascin C is active and whether it can effectively prevent transmission in a live animal. If it works, it could potentially be incorporated (合并) into an HIV drug with broader applications. It’s even possible that it could someday be adapted to reduce the risk of HIV transmission in adults as well as infants.63. What is the main idea of Paragraph 1?A. The breast milk from an infected mother doesn’t contain HIV at all.B. It’s less likely for infants feeding on infected mothers’ breast milk to catch HIV.C. The possibilities of infants catching HIV have nothing to do with infected mothers.D. Children breastfed by infected mothers won’t catch HIV though exposed to it frequently.64. Why did the researchers divide breast milk into smaller fractions?A. To find out Tenascin C.B. To make up specific proteins.C. To add them to a tissue culture.D. To test what prevents cells being infected.65. Which of the following about Tenascin C is true?A. It has become an effective tool in fighting HIV.B. It was first found by Permar and her research group.C. It can prevent transmission in a live animal effectively.D. It can sometimes prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV.66. What can we know about Permar and her research group according to the passage?A. They have found a cure for HIV.B. They have helped change UN guidelines.C. They will do more researches on Tenascin C.D. Their finding is based on their previous work.【参考答案】63. B 64. D 65. D 66. C【2014高考英语南京市、盐城市一模】请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

He leant down to the pickpocket. The heaving and gasping had stopped, but he was still making a show of his breathlessness.“That’s better,” Mallon said. “Can you stand up? Try to stand up. Here,” he said, and gripped the pickpocket’s arm and forced him upright until he saw his face for the first time. As the pickpocket labored for breath, he gazed up at Mallon with his dark eyes. “How could you?”they asked.Mallon might have said, “Because you tried to steal from me.” But he was still conscious of the flush of joy he’d felt when his blow struck home — when he knew he’d hurt the man. Where that joy came from he couldn’t say, but he knew that its roots were deeper than some clumsy failed theft.Fat drops of rain began to patter on the awning (雨篷).“How are you?” Mallon said. “Can you walk?” The pickpocket turned away and leant against the store window with both hands, and his head sank lower as his shoulders rose and fell. A gray-haired woman inside the store rapped on the glass and made a shooing motion. When the pickpocket ignored her, she rapped harder and kept rapping.“I have to go,” Mallon said. “I’m sorry.” He looked up at the sky. “I’m sorry,” he said again, and stepped into the rain and wa lked quickly up the street.One of the Bangladeshi umbrella sellers was working the corner, and Mallon had just paid seven euros when he heard a woman shouting. He didn’t want to look backbut did. It was the woman from the shop, pushing and batting the pickpocket away from the window while he bent down and covered his head like a boxer trying to get through the last seconds of a round. Mallon slipped his wallet back into his jacket pocket and took the umbrella that the Bangladeshi had opened for him.The pickpocket was out on the sidewalk now, in the rain. The woman stood just under the awning with her arms crossed over her chest.“Excuse me, madam,” Mallon said, coming up to them. “This man isn’t well. He needs to rest a moment.”“I know these people,” she said. “Our Romans don’t want them here.”The rain fell in sheets, ran down the pickpocket’s shiny scalp and face, down his leather jacket.“Here,” Mallon said, and offered him the umbrella, but he only looked at Mallon with his hurt dark eyes and then lowered his head again. Mallon bumped him in the shoulder with the handle of the umbrella. “Go on —take it!” he said. And finally, with a beaten, unwilling look, the pickpocket did.And that was when he saw a taxi round the corner with a light glowing on its roof. Mallon ran out waving his arm and the cab turned sharply to the pavement, sending a lot of water over his shoes. He opened the door but couldn’t help looking back. The pickpocket had lowered the umbrella to the ground upside down and was leaning on the shaft, head low, neck bared to the sky.“Wait,” Mallon said to the driver. He went back and grabbed the pickpocket’s sleeve and pulled him to the cab. “Get in,” Mallon said, and took the umbrella and pushed him into the back seat. He leaned inside. “O.K., where do you live?”“No Gypsies!” the driver said. He was twisted around, glaring at the pickpocket.“Gypsy? Look, he’s not well. I’ll pay,” Mallon added.The driver shook his head. “No Gypsies. Get him out,”Mallon looked at the driver’s nameplate: Michele Kadare. “It’s the law,” he said, “If you don’t take us, Signor Kadare, I’ll report you and you’ll lose your license. Believe me —I am quite serious.”The driver fastened those pale eyes on Mallon and turned and put his hands onthe steering wheel. He raised his eyes to the rearview mirror and he and Mallon exchanged stares.“O.K., Mr. American,” he said. “You pay.”67. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 indicate?A. Mallon shouldn’t have saved the pickpocket.B. The pickpocket didn’t th ank Mallon for his offer.C. The pickpocket blamed Mallon for his failure to steal.D. Mallon must have beaten the pickpocket before helping him.68. Where should the sentence “He hesitated, then turned back.” be placed?A. Between paragraphs 5 and 6.B. Between paragraphs 6 and 7.C. Between paragraphs 7 and 8.D. Between paragraphs 8 and 9.69. From the attitudes of the woman and the driver towards the pickpocket, we can conclude that ________.A. the Gypsies had a bad reputation in RomeB. the pickpocket frequently stole around the woman’s storeC. everyone was protected by the law in Rome except the GypsiesD. the pickpocket couldn’t purchase anything in the woman’s store70. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A. The taxi didn’t take the pickpocket to his house in the end.B. The pickpocket succeeded in stealing something from Mallon.C. The pickpocket was a little suspicious of Mallon’s intention to help him.D. The umbrella seller gave an umbrella to Mallon free of charge.【参考答案】67. B 68. C 69. A 70. C阅读理解。