2021寒假作业高二英语 第11讲：令人困惑的并列句、三大从句及特殊句式之定语从句(原卷版)

专题四令人困惑的并列句、三大从句及特殊句式第十一讲定语从句1．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ·语法填空)Because the moon's body blocks direct radio communication with a probe，China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot________it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.2．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ·语法填空)In ancient China lived an artist，________paintings were almost lifelike.3．[2020·新高考卷Ⅰ(山东卷)·语法填空]The 80，000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane，for example，formed the core collection of the British Museum________opened in 1759.4．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ·语法填空)Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield，________she opened with her late husband Les.5．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ·语法填空)They were well trained by their masters________had great experience with caring for these animals.6．(2019·浙江卷·语法填空)On the edge of the jacket，there is a piece of cloth________gives off light in the dark.7．(2019·北京卷·语法填空)The students benefiting most from college are those________are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.8．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ·语法填空)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014________showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.9．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ·语法填空)The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government started a soil-testing program________gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011，fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.10．(2018·浙江卷·语法填空)Many westerners________come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.考点一关系代词1.关系代词that与which的用法辨析(1)只用that的情况。

①先行词是all，something，everything，anything，nothing，little，much，few等不定代词。

②先行词被all，any，every，no，little，much，some等词修饰。

③先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词。

④先行词被the only，the very(正好、恰好)，the last修饰。

⑤先行词中既有人也有物。

⑥在which或who引导的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句。

⑦先行词是the way，并在定语从句中充当状语时，关系代词用that/in which或省略关系词。

I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else's fault.我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。

The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。

(2)先行词指物时，只用which的情况。

①引导非限制性定语从句。

②关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前。

③引导的定语从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体或部分概念。

The boy was away from home for a week，which worried his parents very much.这个男孩离家一个星期了，这使他父母很担心。

We live in an age in which more information is available with greater ease than ever before.我们生活在一个信息比以前更容易获得的时代。

2．which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别The building，which we are looking at，used to be a hospital.我们正在看的这幢大楼过去曾经是一家医院。

As is often the case with children，Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.正如孩子们常有的情况一样，医生到的时候Amy就好些了。

[特别提醒]as引导限制性定语从句常用于下列句式：such＋名词＋as(像……一样的，像……之类的)；such (pron.)＋as(像……一样的，像……之类的)；the same＋名词＋as(和……同样的)。

We have found such materials as are used in their factory.我们已经找到了像他们工厂里用的那种材料。

考点二“介词十关系代词”引导的定语从句1．关系代词的选用若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whom，指物时常用which。

另外，whose也可以放在介词后，即“介词＋whose＋名词”结构，whose指人、物皆可。

Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends.一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。

The student with whom she is strict has made great progress.她严格要求的那个学生取得了很大进步。

2．介词的选用(1)一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下几方面入手：①根据介词与定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配。

Who is the girl with whom you just shook hands?刚才跟你握手的那个女孩儿是谁？②根据介词与定语从句中形容词的习惯搭配。

He shows me some old coins with which I am not very familiar.他给我看了一些我不熟悉的旧硬币。

③根据介词与前面先行词的习惯搭配。

We'll never forget the day on which we climbed up the Great Wall.我们永远不会忘记登上长城的那天。

④根据句子所要表达的意思。

We had supper at six o'clock，after which I went to see my uncle.六点钟我们吃了晚饭，之后我去看了我的叔叔。

(2)表示“整体和部分关系”时，介词常用of。

常见结构：①在some，any，few，little，none，all，both，neither，many，most，each等代词或数词后可以用of which/whom。

There are 30 chairs in the hall，most of which are new.大厅里有30把椅子，绝大部分是新的。

②“the＋比较级或最高级”后用of which/whom等。

考点三关系副词We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，when the weather may be better.我们将把在公园野餐推迟到下周，届时天气可能会好一些。

Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.学生们应该参与社团活动，在这些活动中他们可以获得成长的经验。

Is this the reason why he refused our offer?这是他拒绝我们提议的理由吗？[特别提醒]where引导定语从句时，既可以修饰具体的地点也可以修饰抽象的地点，常见表抽象地点的先行词有：situation，case，point，stage，position，activity，job，tradition 等。

“缺什么，补什么”的原则解决定语从句1．如果先行词指人，定语从句中缺少主语，限制性定语从句中用who/that；非限制性定语从句中用who。

2．如果先行词指人，定语从句中缺少宾语，限制性定语从句中用who/that/whom，关系词也可省略；非限制性定语从句中用whom。

3．如果先行词指物，定语从句中缺少主语或宾语，限制性定语从句中用which/that；非限制性定语从句中用which。