2009年高考理综安徽卷试题及答案
2009年高考安徽卷(理综)试题及答案
2009年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(安徽卷)理科综合能力测试第I 卷(选择题,共120分)本卷共20小题,每小题6分,共120分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
以下数据可供解题时参考:相对原子质量(原子量):H 1 C 12 O 16 S 32 r c 52 e F 56 1、 叶绿体是植物进行光合作用的场所。
下列关于叶绿体结构与功能的叙述,正确的是 A 叶绿体中的色素 主要分布在类囊体腔内B 2H O 在光下分解为 [ H ]和2O 的过程发生在基质中C C 2O 的固定过程发生在类囊题薄膜上D 光合作用的产物—淀粉是在基质中合成的2、细胞的分化、衰老和凋亡是普遍存在的生命现象。
下列有关叙述正确的是 A 人体各种组织细胞的衰老是同步进行的B 人的早期胚胎有尾,尾部细胞随着发育逐渐凋亡C 细胞癌变是细胞高度分化的结果D 皮肤上的“老年斑”是细胞凋亡的产物3.用奶瓶培养黑腹果蝇,观察成虫数量的变化,结果如下表:根据表中的数据分析,下列结论正确的是A. 第13~25天,成虫数量增长快的主要原因是个体生长加快B. 第17~29天,成虫增长率上死亡率下降C. 第21~37天,成虫增长率的下降与种群密度的改变有关D. 第1~37天,成虫数量呈“J ”型增长4.2008年诺贝尔化学奖授予了“发现和发展了水母绿色荧光蛋白”的三位科学家。
将绿色荧光蛋白基因的片段与目的基因连接起来组成一个融合基因,再将该融合基因转入真核生物细胞内,表达出的蛋白质就会带有绿色荧光。
绿色荧光蛋白在该研究中的主要作用是 A .追踪目的基因在细胞内的复制过程 B .追踪目的基因插入到染色体上的位置C .追踪目的基因编码的蛋白质在细胞内的分布D .追踪目的基因编码的蛋白质的空间分布 5.已知人的红绿色盲属X 染色体隐性遗传,先天性耳聋是常染色体隐性遗传(D 对d 完全显性)。
下图中Ⅱ2为色觉正常的耳聋患者,Ⅱ5为听觉正常的色盲患者。
2009年高考全国2卷(理综)试卷及答案
2009年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试全国2卷理科综合本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。
第Ⅰ卷1至5页,第Ⅱ卷6至14页。
考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回.第Ⅰ卷选择题共126分一、选择题(本题共13小题,在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.)本卷共21小题,每小题6分,共126分。
一、选择题(本题共13小题。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
)1.下列关于细胞呼吸的叙述,错误的是A。
细胞呼吸必须在酶的催化下进行B.人体硬骨组织细胞也进行呼吸C。
酵母菌可以进行有氧呼吸和无氧呼吸D。
叶肉细胞在光照下进行光合作用,不进行呼吸作用2。
人体甲状旁腺分泌甲状旁腺素,当人体血钙浓度下降时,甲状旁腺素分泌增加,作用于骨和肾脏使血钙浓度上升。
甲状腺C细胞分泌降钙素,当血钙浓度上升时,降钙素分泌增加,作用于骨等使血钙浓度下降。
下列关于血钙的叙述,错误的是A。
血钙浓度降低可引起鸡肉抽搐B.甲状旁腺素和降钙素对血钙的调节表现为协同作用C。
人体血钙浓度在体液调节下处于动态平衡D.食物中的钙可以通过消化道吸收进入血液3.下列有关哺乳动物个体发育的叙述,错误的是A。
胚胎发育过程中也会出现细胞衰老B.幼鹿经过变态发育过程长出发达的鹿角C.胚后发育过程中伴有细胞分化D.来自原肠胚同一胚层的细胞经分化发育成不同的组织4.为防止甲型H1N1病毒在人群中的传播,有人建议接种人流感疫苗,接种人流感疫苗能够预防甲型H1N1流感的条件之一是:甲型H1N1病毒和人流感病毒具有相同的A。
侵染部位B。
致病机理C。
抗原决定簇D。
传播途径5。
下列属于种间竞争实例的是A.蚂蚁取食蚜虫分泌的蜜露B。
以叶为食的菜粉蝶幼虫与蜜蜂在同一株油菜上采食C.细菌与其体内的噬菌体均利用培养基中的氨基酸D.某培养瓶中生活的两种绿藻,一种数量增加,另一种数量减少6.物质的量之比为2:5的锌与稀硝酸反应,若硝酸被还原的产物为N2O,反应结束后锌没有剩余,则该反应中被还原的硝酸与未被还原的硝酸的物质的量之比是A. 1:4 B。
2009年高考安徽理综化学部分
2009年全国高等学校招生统一考试(安徽卷)理科综合能力测试(化学部分)可能用到的相对原子质量:H-1 C-12 O-16 S-32 Cr-52 Fe-567.石墨烯是由碳原子构成的单层片状结构的新材料(结构示意图如下),可由石墨剥离而成,具有极好的应用前景。
下列说法正确的是A.石墨烯与石墨互为同位素B.0.12g石墨烯中含6.02×1022个碳原子C.石墨烯是一种有机物D.石墨烯中碳原子间以共价键结合8.北京奥运会期间对大量盆栽鲜花施用了S-诱抗素制剂,以保持鲜花盛开。
S -诱抗素的分子结构如图,下列关于该分子说法正确的是A.含有碳碳双键、羟基、羰基、羧基B.含有苯环、羟基、羰基、羧基C.含有羟基、羰基、羧基、酯基D.含有碳碳双键、苯环、羟基、羰基9.下列选用的相关仪器符合实验要求的是10.在溶液中能大量共存的一组离子或分子是A.NH4+、H+、NO3-、HCO3- B.K+、Al3+、SO42-、NH3·H2OC.Na+、K+、SO32-、Cl2D.Na+、CH3COO-、CO32-、OH-11.汽车尾气净化的一个反应如下:NO(g)+CO(g)1/2N2(g)+CO2(g) △H=-373.4kJ·mol-1在恒容的密闭容器中,反应达平衡后,改变某一条件,下列示意图正确的是12.Cu2O是一种半导体的材料,基于绿色化学理念设计的制取Cu2O的电解池示意图如下,电解总反应为:2Cu+H2O Cu2O+H2↑。
下列说法正确的是A.石墨电极上产生氢气B.铜电极发生还原反应C.铜电极接直流电源的负极D.当有0.1mol电子转移时,有0.1mol Cu2O生成13.向体积为Va 的0.05mol·L-1CH3COOH溶液中加入体积为Vb的0.05mol·L-1KOH溶液,下列关系错误的是A. Va >Vb时:c(CH3COOH)+c(CH3COO-)>c(K+)B. Va =Vb时:c(CH3COOH)+c(H+)=c(OH-)C. Va <Vb时:c(CH3COO-)>c(K+)>c(OH-)>c(H+)D. Va 与Vb任意比时:c(K+)+c(H+)= c(CH3COO-)+c(OH-)25.(17分)W、X、Y、Z是周期表前36号中的四种元素,其原子序数增大。
2009年安徽省高考理综试题及答案(word版含答案)
2009年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(安徽卷)理科综合能力测试本试卷分第I卷(选择题)和第n卷(非选择)两部分,第一卷第1页至第5页,第n卷第6页至第12页。
全卷满分300分。
考生注意事项:1. 答题前,务必在试题卷、答题卡规定的地方填写自己的姓名、座位号,并认真核对答题卡上所粘贴的条形码中姓名、座位号与本人姓名、座位号是否一致。
务必在答题卡背面规定的地方填写姓名和座位号后两位。
For pers onal use only in study and research; not for commercial use2. 答第一卷时,每小题选出答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。
3. 答第二卷时,必须使用0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上.书写,要求字体工整、笔迹清晰。
作图题可先用铅笔在答题卡.规定的位置给出,确认后再用0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字笔描清楚。
必须在题号所指示的答题区域作答,超出答题区域书写的答案无效,在试题卷、.... 草稿纸上答题无效。
4. 考试结束,务必将试题卷和答题卡一并上交。
For personal use only in study and research; not forcommercialuse第I卷本卷共20小题,每小题6分,共120分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
以下数据可供解题时参考:For pers onal use only in study and research; not for commercial use相对原子质量(原子量):H 1 C 12 O 16 S 12 Cr 52 Fe 561. 叶绿体是植物进行光合作用的场所。
下列关于叶绿体结构与功能的叙述,正确的是A. 叶绿体中的色素主要分布在类囊体腔内B. For pers onal use only in study and research; not for commercial useC.C. H2O在光下分解为[H]和02的过程发生在基质中D. CO2的固定过程发生在类囊体薄膜上E. 光合作用的产物一一淀粉是在基质中合成的2. 细胞的分化、衰老和凋亡是普遍存在的生命现象。
2009年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试安徽卷
2009年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(安徽卷)理科综合能力测试本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择)两部分,第一卷第1页至第5页,第Ⅱ卷第6页至第12页。
全卷满分300分。
考生注意事项:1. 答题前,务必在试题卷、答题卡规定的地方填写自己的姓名、座位号,并认真核对答题卡上所粘贴的条形码中姓名、座位号与本人姓名、座位号是否一致。
务必在答题卡背面规定的地方填写姓名和座位号后两位。
2. 答第一卷时,每小题选出答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。
3. 答第二卷时,必须使用0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上....书写,要求字体工整、笔迹清晰。
作图题可先用铅笔在答题卡...规定的位置给出,确认后再用0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字笔描清楚。
必须在题号所指示的答题区域作答,超出答题区域书写的答案无效,在试题卷、...................草稿纸上答题无效........。
4. 考试结束,务必将试题卷和答题卡一并上交。
第Ⅰ卷本卷共20小题,每小题6分,共120分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
以下数据可供解题时参考:相对原子质量(原子量):H 1 C 12 O 16 S 12 Cr 52 Fe 561. 叶绿体是植物进行光合作用的场所。
下列关于叶绿体结构与功能的叙述,正确的是A.叶绿体中的色素主要分布在类囊体腔内B.H2O在光下分解为[H]和O2的过程发生在基质中C.CO2的固定过程发生在类囊体薄膜上D.光合作用的产物——淀粉是在基质中合成的答案:D解析:叶绿体中的色素主要分布在类囊体膜上,H2O在光下分解的过程也是在类囊体膜上进行的,CO2的固定和淀粉的合成发生在暗反应中,在叶绿体的基质中进行。
所以D正确。
2. 细胞的分化、衰老和凋亡是普遍存在的生命现象。
下列有关叙述正确的是A.人体各种组织细胞的衰老是同步进行的B.人的早期胚胎有尾,尾部细胞随着发育逐渐凋亡C.细胞癌变是细胞高度分化的结果D.皮肤上的“老年斑”是细胞凋亡的产物答案:B解析:细胞会随着分裂次数的增多而衰老,可见人体各组织细胞的衰老不是同步进行的;环境中的致癌因子损伤细胞中的DNA,使原癌基因和抑癌基因发生突变,导致正常细胞的生长和分裂失控而变成癌细胞,是细胞不正常分化的结果;皮肤上的老年斑是细胞内的色素随细胞的衰老而逐渐积累的结果;人的早期胚胎有尾,尾部细胞会随着发育逐渐凋亡。
2009年安徽高考试卷及解答
姓名 座位号(在此卷上答题无效)绝密 ★ 启封前2009年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(安徽卷)理科综合能力测试第Ⅰ卷(选择题 共120分)本卷共20小题,每小题6分,共120分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
14.原子核聚变可望给人类未来提供丰富的洁净能源。
当氘等离子体被加热到适当高温时,氘核参与的几种聚变反应可能发生,放出能量。
这几种反应总的效果可以表示为241112106243.15H k He d H n MeV →+++由平衡条件可知A .k =1 d =4B .k =2 d =2C .k =1 d =6D .k =2 d =3 答案:B15.2009年2月11日,俄罗斯的“宇宙-2251”卫星和美国的“铱-33”卫星在西伯利亚上空约 805km 处发生碰撞。
这是历史上首次发生的完整在轨卫星碰撞事件。
碰撞过程中产生的 大量碎片可能会影响太空环境。
假定有甲、乙两块碎片,绕地球运动的轨道都是圆,甲的运行速率比乙的大,则下列说法中正确的是 A .甲的运行周期一定比乙的长 B .甲距地面的高度一定比乙的高 C .甲的向心力一定比乙的小 D .甲的加速度一定比乙的大 答案:D16.大爆炸理论认为,我们的宇宙起源于137亿年前的一次大爆炸。
除开始瞬间外,在演化至今的大部分时间内,宇宙基本上是匀速膨胀的。
上世纪末,对1A 型超新星的观测显示,宇宙正在加速膨胀,面对这个出人意料的发现,宇宙学家探究其背后的原因,提出宇宙的大部分可能由暗能量组成,它们的排斥作用导致宇宙在近段天文时期内开始加速膨胀。
如果真是这样,则标志宇宙大小的宇宙半径R 和宇宙年龄的关系,大致是下面哪个图像?答案:C17.为了节省能量,某商场安装了智能化的电动扶梯。
无人乘行时,扶梯运转得很慢;有人站上扶梯时,它会先慢慢加速,再匀速运转。
一顾客乘扶梯上楼,恰好经历了这两个过程,如图所示。
那么下列说法中正确的是A .顾客始终受到三个力的作用ttttABCDB .顾客始终处于超重状态C .顾客对扶梯作用力的方向先指向左下方,再竖直向下D .顾客对扶梯作用的方向先指向右下方,再竖直向下 答案:C18.在光滑的绝缘水平面上,有一个正方形的abcd ,顶点a 、c 处分别固定一个正点电荷,电荷量相等,如图所示。
2009年全国高考理综试题及答案-安徽卷
2009年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(安徽卷)理科综合能力测试本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择)两部分.第一卷第1页至第5页.第Ⅱ卷第6页至第12页。
全卷满分300分。
考生注意事项:1、答题前.务必在试题卷、答题卡规定的地方填写自己的姓名、座位号.并认真核对答题卡上所粘贴的条形码中姓名、座位号与本人姓名、座位号是否一致。
务必在答题卡背面规定的地方填写姓名和座位号后两位。
2、答第一卷时.每小题选出答案后.用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动.用橡皮擦干净后.再选涂其他答案标号。
3、答第二卷时.必须使用0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上....书写.要求字体工整、笔迹清晰。
作图题可先用铅笔在答题卡...规定的位置给出.确认后再用0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字笔描清楚。
必须在题号所指示的答题区域作答.超出答题区域书写的答案无效....................在试题卷、草稿纸上答题无效........。
4、考试结束.务必将试题卷和答题卡一并上交。
第Ⅰ卷本卷共20小题.每小题6分.共120分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中.只有一项是符合题目要求的。
以下数据可供解题时参考:相对原子质量(原子量):H 1 C 12 O 16 S 12 Cr 52 Fe 561、叶绿体是植物进行光合作用的场所。
下列关于叶绿体结构与功能的叙述.正确的是A.叶绿体中的色素主要分布在类囊体腔内B.H2O在光下分解为[H]和O2的过程发生在基质中C.CO2的固定过程发生在类囊体薄膜上D.光合作用的产物——淀粉是在基质中合成的答案:D解析:叶绿体中的色素主要分布在类囊体膜上.H2O在光下分解的过程也是在类囊体膜上进行的.CO2的固定和淀粉的合成发生在暗反应中.在叶绿体的基质中进行。
所以D正确。
2、细胞的分化、衰老和凋亡是普遍存在的生命现象。
下列有关叙述正确的是A.人体各种组织细胞的衰老是同步进行的B.人的早期胚胎有尾.尾部细胞随着发育逐渐凋亡C.细胞癌变是细胞高度分化的结果D.皮肤上的“老年斑”是细胞凋亡的产物答案:B解析:细胞会随着分裂次数的增多而衰老.可见人体各组织细胞的衰老不是同步进行的;环境中的致癌因子损伤细胞中的DNA.使原癌基因和抑癌基因发生突变.导致正常细胞的生长和分裂失控而变成癌细胞.是细胞不正常分化的结果;皮肤上的老年斑是细胞内的色素随细胞的衰老而逐渐积累的结果;人的早期胚胎有尾.尾部细胞会随着发育逐渐凋亡。
2009年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试
2009年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试理科综合能力测试(安徽卷)参考答案第Ⅰ卷共20小题,每小题6分,共120分。
1.D2.B3.C4.C5.A6.D7.D8.A9.B 10.D 11.C 12.A 13.C 14.B15.D 16.C 17.C 18.D 19.A 20.A第Ⅱ卷共11题,共180分。
21.(18分)I .23.0Ma 0.57V 320ΩII .(1)3 , 0.6 ;1 , 0~10 。
(2)电压表的分流。
III . D22. (14分)解法一:(1)设运动员和吊椅的质量分别为M 和m;绳拉运动员的力为F.以运动员和吊绳整体对象,受到重力的大小为(M+m )g,向上的拉力为2F,根据牛顿第二定律 2F-(m 人+ m 椅)g=(m 人+ m 椅)aF=440N根据牛顿第三定律,运动员拉绳的力大小为440N,方向竖直向下。
(2)以运动员为研究对象,运动员受到三个力的作用,重力大小为Mg,绳的拉力F,吊绳对运动员的支持力F N ,根据牛顿第二定律F+F N -Mg= MaF N =275N根据牛顿第三定律,运动员对吊椅压力大小为275N ,方向竖直向下。
解法二:运动员和吊椅的质量分别为M 和m 1,运动员竖直向下的拉力为F,对吊椅的压力大小为N F ,根据牛顿第三定律,绳对运动员的拉力为大小为F,吊椅对运动员的支持力为N F ,分别以运动员和吊椅为研究对象,根据牛顿第二定律N F F Mg Ma +-= ①N F F mg ma --= ②由①②得 F=440NN F =275N23.(16分)(1)微粒1在y 方向不受力,做匀速直线运动;在X 方向由于受恒定的电场力,做匀加速直线运动。
所以微粒1做的是类平设微粒1分裂时的速度为1v ,微粒2的速度为2v ,则有: 在Y 方向上有1d v t -=在X 方向上有qEa m = 212d at -=1v =根号外的负号表示沿y 负方向中性微粒分裂成两微粒时,遵守动量守恒定律,有12210mv mv v v +==-=方向沿y 正方向(2)设微粒1到达(0,-d )点时的速度为v ,则电场力做功的瞬时功率为 cos B Bx p qEv qEV θ==其中由运动学公式Bx v ==所以m qEd -qEP 2=(3)两微粒的运动具有对称性,如图所示,当微粒1到达(0,-d )点时发生位移1s =则当微粒1到达(0,-d )点时,两微粒间的距离为BC=12s =24.(1)设小于经过第一个圆轨道的最高点时的速度为1v ,根据动能定理小球在最高点受到重力mg 和轨道对它的作用力F,根据牛顿第二定律211v F mg m R += ②由①②得 10.0F N= ③ 222v mg m R = ④22132011()222mg L L mgR mv mv μ+-=- ⑤由④⑤得 L=12.5L ⑥(3) 要保证小球不脱离轨道,可分为两种情况进行讨论:Ⅰ轨道半径较小时,小球恰能通过第三个圆形轨道,设在最高点的速度为3v ,应满足233v mg m R = ⑦ 22133011(2)222mg L L mgR mv mv μ+-=- ⑧由⑥⑦⑧得 3R =0.4mⅡ轨道半径较大时,小球上升的最大速度为3R ,根据动能定理 21301(2)202mg L L mgR mv μ+-=-解得 3R =1.0m为了保证圆轨道不重叠,3R 最大值应满足 2222332()()R R L R R +=+-解得 3R =27.9综合Ⅰ、Ⅱ,要使小球不脱离轨道,则第三个圆轨道的半径须满足下面条件'20102mgL mv μ=-25. (17分)(1)二 V A 弱(2)1s 22s 22p 63s 23p 4 大(3)Cu + 2H 2SO 4(浓)△CuSO 4 + SO 2↑+ 2H 2O (4)3FeO(s) + 2Al(s) Al 2O 3(s) + 3Fe(s) △H=-859.7kJ/mol26. (1)CH3CHO (2)取代反应(3)(5)A、B、D27. (1)Cr2O72- + 6 Fe2++ 14 H+ 2 Cr3+ + 6 Fe3++ 7 H2O(2)将一小块pH试纸放在表面皿上,用玻璃棒蘸取少量待测液,点在pH试纸上,再与标准比色卡对照(3)Fe(OH)3、Fe(OH)2(4)13.928. (1)(2)8.0×10-6(3)过氧化氢在温度过高时迅速分解(4)反应速率趋向于零(或该降解反应趋于停止)(5)将所取样品迅速加入到一定量的NaOH溶液中,使pH约为10(或将所取样品骤冷等其他合理答案均可)29. (15分)Ⅰ.(1)有氧呼吸快先递增后递减(2)种子的无氧呼吸产生了CO2Ⅱ. (2)用蒸馏水稀释乙烯利溶液,配置成4种浓度(要求在0~100mg·L-1、100~200mg·L-1、200~300mg·L-1三个区间各至少取一种浓度)(3)取等量上述各浓度乙烯利溶液,用喷壶分别喷洒各组黄瓜幼苗一次(4)各组雌花数(或各组每株平均雌花数)实验结果预测:如配置的浓度为0、50、150、250mg·L-1,折线图为[要求在横坐标上注明上述(2)配置的浓度] 30. (18分)Ⅰ.(1)静息0mv 内(2)轴突末梢(3)突触后膜上的特异性受体Ⅱ.体温调节中枢甲状腺激素骨骼肌收缩皮肤毛细血管舒张31.(21分)(1)两(2)AaBb aaBB、AAbb、aabb(3)Aabb×aaBB AAbb×aaBb遗传图解(只要求写一组)(4)紫花:红花:白花=9:3:4(5)①T-DNA ②标记基因③复制原点。
2009年全国高考理综试题及答案-安徽卷
2009年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(安徽卷)理科综合能力测试相对原子质量(原子量):H 1 C 12 O 16 S 12 Cr 52 Fe 56 1. 石墨烯是由碳原子构成的单层片状结构的新材料(结构示意图如下),可由石墨剥离而成,具有极好的应用前景。
下列说法正确的是( ) A .石墨烯与石墨互为同位素B .0.12 g 石墨烯中含有6.02×1022个碳原子C 石墨烯是一种有机物D .石墨烯中的碳原子间以共价键结合 答案:D解析:同位素的研究对象是原子,A 选项错误;0.12 g 石墨烯的物质的量为0.01 mol ,所含碳原子个数为0.01 N A ,B 选项错误;有机物一般含有碳、氢元素,C 选项错误;由图示可知,石墨烯中碳原子间均为共价键结合,D 选项正确。
2. 北京奥运会期间对大量盆栽鲜花施用了S-诱抗素制剂,以保证鲜花盛开,S-诱抗素的分子结构如图,下列关于该分子说法正确的是( )A .含有碳碳双键、羟基、羰基、羧基B .含有苯环、羟基、羰基、羧基C .含有羟基、羰基、羧基、酯基D .含有碳碳双键、苯环、羟基、羰基 答案:A解析:从图示可以分析,该有机物的结构中存在3个碳碳双键、1个羰基、1个醇羟基、1个羧基。
A 选项正确。
3. 下列选用的相关仪器符合实验要求的是( )OOHCOOH(提示:是羰基) O答案:B解析:浓硝酸具有强氧化性,不能用橡胶塞,一般用玻璃塞,A选项错误;水和乙酸乙酯的互不相溶,用分液漏斗分离,B选项正确;量筒量取液体只能精确到0.1mL,C选项错误;实验室制取乙烯需要的温度为170℃,该温度计的量程不足,D选项错误。
4.在溶液中能大量共存的一组离子或分子是()A.NH4+、H+、NO3-、HCO3-B.K+、Al3+、SO42-、NH3·H2OC.Na+、K+、SO32-、Cl2D.Na+、CH3COO-、CO32-、OH-答案:D.解析:A项中H+与HCO3-能够反应生成CO2气体,不能大量共存,错误;Al3+与氨水可以发生反应:Al3++3NH3·H2O=Al(OH)3↓+3NH4+,B选项错误;Cl2具有氧化性,可以将SO32-氧化为SO42-,方程式为:Cl2+H2O+SO32-=SO42-+Cl-+2H+,C选项错误。
2009年高考理综安徽卷试题及答案
2009年高考理综安徽卷试题及答案2009安徽卷)理科综合能力测试第Ⅰ卷本卷共20小题,每小题6分,共120分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
以下数据可供解题时参考:相对原子质量(原子量):H 1 C 12 O 16 S 12 Cr 52 Fe 561. 叶绿体是植物进行光合作用的场所。
下列关于叶绿体结构与功能的叙述,正确的是A. 叶绿体中的色素主要分布在类囊体腔内B. H2O在光下分解为[H]和O2的过程发生在基质中C. CO2的固定过程发生在类囊体薄膜上D. 光合作用的产物——淀粉是在基质中合成的2. 细胞的分化、衰老和凋亡是普遍存在的生命现象。
下列有关叙述正确的是A. 人体各种组织细胞的衰老是同步进行的B. 人的早期胚胎有尾,尾部细胞随着发育逐渐凋亡C. 细胞癌变是细胞高度分化的结果D. 皮肤上的“老年斑”是细胞凋亡的产物3.用牛奶瓶培养黑腹果蝇,观察成虫数量的变化,结果如下表:时间(天) 1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37成虫数(只) 6 10 28 71 131 207 270 302 327 341根据表中数据分析,下列结果正确的是A. 第13-25天,成虫数量增长快的主要原因是个体生长加快。
B. 第17-29天,成虫增长率上升,死亡率下降C. 第21-37天,成虫增长率的下降与种群密度的改变有关D. 第1-37天,成虫数量成“J”型增长4.2008年诺贝尔化学奖授予了“发现和发展了水母绿色荧光蛋白“的三位科学家。
将绿色荧光蛋白基因的片段与目的基因连接起来组成一个融合基因,再将该融合基因转入真核生物细胞内,表达出的蛋白质就会带有绿色荧光。
绿色荧光蛋白在该研究中的主要作用是A.追踪目的基因在细胞内的复制过程B.追踪目的基因插入到染色体上的位置C. 追踪目的基因编码的蛋白质在细胞内的分布D.追踪目的基因编码的蛋白质的空间结构。
5.已知人的红绿色盲属X染色体隐性遗传,先天性耳聋是常染色体隐性遗传(D对d完全显性)。
2009年全国高考理综化学试题及答案-安徽卷
2009年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(安徽卷)理科综合能力测试本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择)两部分,第一卷第1页至第5页,第Ⅱ卷第6页至第12页。
全卷满分300分。
考生注意事项:1. 答题前,务必在试题卷、答题卡规定的地方填写自己的姓名、座位号,并认真核对答题卡上所粘贴的条形码中姓名、座位号与本人姓名、座位号是否一致。
务必在答题卡背面规定的地方填写姓名和座位号后两位。
2. 答第一卷时,每小题选出答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。
3. 答第二卷时,必须使用0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上书写,要求字体工整、笔迹清晰。
作图题可先用铅笔在答题卡规定的位置给出,确认后再用0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字笔描清楚。
必须在题号所指示的答题区域作答,超出答题区域书写的答案无效,在试题卷、草稿纸上答题无效。
4. 考试结束,务必将试题卷和答题卡一并上交。
第Ⅰ卷本卷共20小题,每小题6分,共120分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
以下数据可供解题时参考:相对原子质量(原子量):H 1 C 12 O 16 S 12 Cr 52 Fe 56 7. 石墨烯是由碳原子构成的单层片状结构的新材料(结构示意图如下),可由石墨剥离而成,具有极好的应用前景。
下列说法正确的是A.石墨烯与石墨互为同位素B.0.12g石墨烯中含有6.02*1022个碳原子C石墨烯是一种有机物D.石墨烯中的碳原子间以共价键结合答案:D解析:同位素的研究对象是原子,A选项错误;0.12g石墨烯的物质的量为0.01mol,所含碳原子个数为0.01N A,B选项错误;有机物一般含有碳、氢元素,C选项错误;由图示可知,石墨烯中碳原子间均为共价键结合,D 选项正确。
8. 北京奥运会期间对大量盆栽鲜花施用了S-诱抗素制剂,以保证鲜花盛开,S-诱抗素的分子结构如图,下列关于该分子说法正确的是A.含有碳碳双键、羟基、羰基、羧基B.含有苯环、羟基、羰基、羧基C.含有羟基、羰基、羧基、酯基D.含有碳碳双键、苯环、羟基、羰基 答案:A解析:从图示可以分析,该有机物的结构中存在3个碳碳双键、1个羰基、1个醇羟基、1个羧基。
2009年普通高等学校招生统一考试理综试题物理部分(安徽卷)
绝密★启用前 2009年普通高等学校招生统一考试理综试题物理部分(安徽卷) 试卷副标题 注意事项: 1.答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息2.请将答案正确填写在答题卡上 第I 卷(选择题) 请点击修改第I 卷的文字说明 一、选择题 1.大爆炸理论认为,我们的宇宙起源于137亿年前的一次大爆炸。
除开始瞬间外,在演化至今的大部分时间内,宇宙基本上是匀速膨胀的。
上世纪末,对1A 型超新星的观测显示,宇宙正在加速膨胀。
面对这个出人意料的发现,宇宙学家探究其背后的原因,提出宇宙的大部分可能由暗能量组成,它们的排斥作用导致宇宙在近段天文叶期内开始加速膨胀。
如果真是这样,则标志宇宙大小的宇宙半径R 和宇宙年龄t 的关系,大致是下面哪个图像? 2.2009年2月11日,俄罗斯的“宇宙—2251”卫星和美国“铱—33”卫星在西伯利亚上空约805km 处发生碰撞。
这是历史上首次发生的完整在轨卫星碰撞事件。
碰撞过程中产生的大量碎片可能影响太空环境。
假定有甲、乙两块碎片,绕地球运动的轨道都是圆,甲的运行行速率比乙的大,则下列说法中正确的是 A .甲的运行周期一定比乙的长 B. 甲距地面的高度一定比乙的高 C .甲的向心力一定比乙的小 D. 甲的加速度一定比乙的大 3.在光滑的绝缘水平面上,有一个正方形的abcd ,顶点a 、c 处分别固定一个正点电荷,电荷量相等,如图所示。
若将一个带负电的粒子置于b 点,自由释放,粒子将沿着对角线bd 往复运动。
粒子从b 点运动到d 点的过程中 A. 先作匀加速运动,后作匀减速运动 B. 先从高电势到低电势,后从低电势到高电势 C. 电势能与机械能之和先增大,后减小 D. 电势能先减小,后增大…………线…………○人乘行时,扶梯运转得很慢;有人站上扶梯时,它会先慢慢加速,再匀速运转。
一顾客乘扶梯上楼,恰好经历了这两个过程,如图所示。
那么下列说法中正确的是A. 顾客始终受到三个力的作用B. 顾客始终处于超重状态C. 顾客对扶梯作用力的方向先指向左下方,再竖直向下D. 顾客对扶梯作用的方向先指向右下方,再竖直向下5.图是科学史上一张著名的实验照片,显示一个带电粒子在云室中穿过某种金属板运动的径迹.云室放置在匀强磁场中,磁场方向垂直照片向里。
[理综]2009年高考安徽理科综合试题及参考答案
短文改错练习Once, lately at night, an Englishman came out of his room into a passage of the hotel and ask the servant to bring her a glass of water. The servant did like he was asked. The Englishman returned his room, and a few minutes later he came into the passage again and once more asked the servant a glass of water. Every a few minutes the Englishman would come out of his room and repeated his request. After half an hour the astonishing servant decided to ask the man what he was doing with the water. "Nothing," answered him calmly. "It's simply that the room is on fire.短文改错练习I gave my housekeeper an old pair trousers to wash and went in the study to read. My housekeeper usually looked through my pocket before wash my clothes, but for some reasons he failed to do so this time. When I was reading, I suddenly remember that there was a five-pounds note in the back pocket of the trousers I had told her to wash it. I dropped my book and rushed into the bathroom, but it is too late. My housekeeper said that my trousers had been in a washing machine for fifteen minutes already.短文改错练习One afternoon on April, 1912 , a new ship set off from England to America on it first trip. It was one of the largest and first ship at that time. It was cold, but the ship was pleasant and people are enjoying themselves. The next day was even cold. People could see icebergs here or there. It was night, suddenly, the man on watch shouting "Look out! Iceberg!" It was too late. A ship hit the iceberg and came to a stopping. There was a very big hole in the ship and water began to come. Slowly the ship started to go down.短文改错练习I've a friend who has a big police dog is named Jack. Every Sunday afternoon my friend took Jack for a long walk in the park. Jack likes these walk in the park very well.One Sunday a young man visits my friends. He stayed a long time. They talked and talked. Soon it was time for my friend to take Jack for his walk, but the visitor still sat talking. Jack became worrying about his walk in the park. He walked around the room several times but then he sat right in front of the visitor and looked at him. But the visitor paid none attention. He continued talking. Finally Jack could stand it any longer. He held the visitor's hat in his mouth.短文改错练习(74)June 12, Sunday FineToday is Sunday. I didn't get up early as usually. In the morning after I finished my homework, I do some washing. Then I telephoned one of my classmate and invited him to see a film. And unfortunately, when we got to the cinema at 3:00 p.m., we found all the tickets had sold out. Then we went back to school and played the football. After this, when we were about to going home, we saw our English teacher, Mr. Wang, coming. He told us we had made great progresses in English this term. He also suggested that we should read more and wrote more. We promised him that we would listen his advice.短文改错练习(75)In autumn of 1935, when I was a young man, I was traveling in the north of Indian. One evening, after hunted in the forest all day, I was returning to the place which I had put up my tent. It was getting dark, but I was walking along a road. Suddenly I saw two eye glaring at me from among the trees. What can I do? Should I jump into the river to save my life? Then I looked at the right. In the river there had a big crocodile waiting to welcome me with its mouth was wide open.短文改错练习(76)Cats are animals of habit. They like to go to sleep about same time every day but for a certain length of time. They seem to have a natural clock inside it that tells them how to sleep. Besides their regularly sleep, cats take naps(打盹). Some scientists think that people should also take cat naps. The habit would do good for people's health. Cat naps helped build up energy in the body. Since cats have moods(情绪) like these of people, scientists believe that people can improve their moods with cat-napping. People might become more happier and more active.短文改错练习(78)When I first learned to write in English, I ran into much difficulties. The main problem was that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English. My teacher advised me to keep my diary. I followed her advice and should put down 100 words. Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself as I was learning to express me in simple English. One day I wrote a story and showed to my teacher. He liked it very much that he reads it to the class. All said that the story was a good one. Their word were a great encouragement to me .短文改错练习(79)The winter holiday, when I am looking forward to, is coming. What fun it is to have sports! Play football is one of my hobby. I can also ride my bicycle, climb high mountains, or go skating. Sometime I can play the chess with Grandfather. How interested my holiday will be! But my father is always afraid I would be hurt by a truck, fall into water, and fall off a tree. He is afraid I would fight against others or taken away by bad men. But if I’m friendly and carefully enough, how will these things happen? I must try best to persuade my father.短文改错练习(80)Tom had retired and lived lonely a long way from town. He hardly never left his home. But one day he went to town buy some things in the market, and after he had bought it, he went into a restaurant and sit down at a table by himself. When he looked around, he saw several old peoples put up glasses before reading their newspapers. So after the lunch he decided to go to a store to buy himself a pair of glasses, either, He walked along a wide street and fast found a store.短文改错练习(81)My parents were all standing there, shouting at each other. The word "divorce(离婚)" was repeated and broke my heart each time. I had trapped between them and didn't know what to do. A million thoughts rushed into my mind, but nothing of them could ease my feelings. I rushed back to my room, seated down in silence and stared out of the window. The leaves were floated in the air. They struggled trying to catch the wind and finally they had to fall on the ground.I knew I was not the only one had gone through this. But I must learn to fight against this. Later in the day I took up with a pen and wrote down "It is until I take a step back and look at my family that I can really appreciate life. All of this has helped me grow strongly and mature(成熟)."短文改错练习(82)Dear editor,In the past my hometown was used to be a beautiful place. Thick trees and green grass can be seen everywhere. In order to build house and grow more crops, people cut down more and more trees. With time went on, the whole forest was almost destroyed. Gradually the green hills have changed into wasteland. As a result, sandstorms struck us now and then, from that we suffer a lot. However, I do hope all the people should realize the terribly result of not caring about our environment. What's more, they should take good care of the forests and plant trees instead cuttingthem down to improve our living conditions.短文改错练习(83)When I found out that my train would three hours late, I decided to get a bus instead. I was about to rush out of the train station while a well-dressed old man took me by my arm, "Young lady," said the gentleman, "Shouldn't you find out the bus schedule (时刻表) before you rush out to catch the bus?". I stared to him with my mouth opened. How did he read my mind? Before I can say a word, he added, "You see, my train is also running lately. The same idea came to me. But I think a good conversation that can help pass the time. Before you know it, your train will be there."短文改错练习(84)Dear Kang Li,I haven't heard you for a long time. How are you? I had just finished the exams. Now I'm glad I have time to write for you. Our teacher tells us that China is a big country has the most population in the world. It's on the other side of the world. Now the sun is shining bright here and perhaps you're sleeping in the dark night. I wish to know anything more about the Chinese way of living. I wonder at if you can tell me about it in your next letter. Please writing soon.短文改错练习(85)I visited the zoo yesterday, and I was very unhappy and angry about the things what I saw. The large animals were in small cages. The lion was walking back and forth. It was completely boring. The tiger fell asleep all the afternoon. I see people feeding the fish. They were throwing rices and meat into the pond, which could kill the fish, but no one tried stop them. When I had the drink at the zoo restaurant, the waiter served me rude. Outside the restaurant, the rubbish bins were full and rubbish was blowing everywhere. It seems that the zoo doesn't look the animals or the visitors very well. subject, nothing else seemed very practically to me. I never saw how I could use it in my daily life.短文改错练习(88)Some Americans judge success on the length of his vacations. The man who gets a month’s vacation each year consider himself more successful than the man gets two weeks . Many people want to be teachers so it is teachers who can get three-month vacation every year . Some college teachers who teach the three classes consider themselves less successful than that who teach only one or two , or none in all . In short , the less work Americans do , the less successful they consider themselves .短文改错练习(91)Rowena and Billy Wrangler are model high school student. They study hard. They do extreme well in achievement tests. And next year, Rowena will attend the Harvard University. Billy, her younger brother, hope to go to Cornell. That makes Rowena and Billy different from most students is they don’t go to school. In fact, They’ve never been to school. Since kindergarten, they have studied at home. Neither Rowena or Billy feels as if they have missed out on nothing by being taught at home. As many of the more than one million people who accept home schooling in the United States, they feel as if they have gotten a good education.短文改错练习(92)Did you enjoy yourself ye sterday? I suppose you do. But I’d like to tell you what a bad day Ihad yesterday. Nothing just went wrong. On the morning, my alarm clock didn’t ring,since I woke up an hour late. I was in such a hurry that I burnt my hand when I was cooking the breakfast. Then I ran out of the house to catch the 8:30 buses. This is the bus I usually take. But, to my regret, I missed it. I am very unhappy, and scared as well because my teacher hates the students come late to school. So I ran three miles to school only to discover that everybody was there. The school was quiet but peaceful. Our classroom was locked. I realized that moment: it was Sunday.短文改错练习(93)Get a good education is more important today than ever before. In Canada children most attend public schools. Public schools are mainly found by governments through tax income. Students in Canada taught in English and in French. The rest of Canadian children is to attend private schools, that are supported mainly by fees paying by parents .By law, the children must attend the school from age 5 to 16. There are several different levels in the Canadian education system. The first is called Elementary School, which include kindergartens through grade 7 or 8. From grades 8 or 9 through 12 or 13, children go to Secondary School or high school. High school students must take certain course for several years, such as English or French and mathematics.短文改错练习(94)Yesterday we went to grow trees on the hill near our school. The boys were made dig pits(坑).The girls were told to plant the young trees into the pits. All of us worked very hardly. Soon we were all wet with sweats. After the young trees were planted, we began to water it. The water was at the foot of the hill. But we stood in line to pass pails(桶) of water from one to other up to the hill. We did not finish water the trees until it was dark. Though we were tired, but we feel very happy.短文改错练习(95)A kind of little car may someday take place of today’s big ones. If people drive such cars in the future, there would be less pollution in the air. There will be more spaces for parking cars in cities. The streets will be less crowd. And driving will be safe as these little cars can go only 65 km per hour. The future cars will be fine for getting round a city, so they will not be useful for long trips. Little cars will go 200 km, before needing to stop for more gases. If big cars are still used along with the small ones, two sets of roads will be needed in the future. Some roads will be used for the big fast cars and another roads will be needed for the slow small ones. It is said that three so little cars fit in with the space now needed for one car the usual size.短文改错练习(95)1. take place---take the place;2. would---will;3. spaces---space;4.crowd---crowed;5. safe---safer;6. so---but;7. gases---gas;8. another---other;9.so---such; 10. fit in with---fit in短文改错练习(96)It was fine yesterday. The sun was shining in the sky. I went boating by myself. I didn’t take many friends with me because I wanted to be lonely. I hired a boat and rowed slowly to the center of lake. A fresh breeze was blowing, fish was swimming and birds were singing. When I reached the center, I took up the paddles(桨)and lie down in the boat. With the blue sky over me or green water around me, I was extreme relaxed. About two hours passed in this way before I knew them.I came back to home very late. I didn’t feel tiring at all, for I had really had a good time.短文改错练习(97)I was anxiously expected your letter, and at last it has reached to me. I am very glad to know that everyone at home is enjoying good health as usually. Things here are same now as they were ago. The final examination will take place next week. But I am now busy with preparing my lessons. It’s nice to think that the summer vacation is come near. I can’t say how much I want to see you all again. I am looking forward to spend summer days with you. Give my love to Father, Mother and anyone at home.短文改错练习(98)One afternoon, when I was on my way home, the sky changed suddenly. Dark clouds were gathered. I began to feel worried because I didn’t have both a raincoat or umbrella about me . It soon started to rain. Just as I was hurrying home, I heard someone calling me from behind . I turned to have a look and find that he was Liu Wei, a good neighbour of me. He offered to share his umbrella with me. We walked all the ways home. Without Liu Wei’s help, I would have got wet to the skin. How much thankful I was to his help!短文改错练习(99)I worried about the missed bag all the evening. I tried to remember exact what I had done from the time I left the store until at the time I got home. I remembered whether I had looked at the bag while I was having lunch. So I might have had it while I left the store. I remembered showing it to a friend on the bus. But I had the bag then. I came directly from the bus to my house, and I must have forgotten it on the bus. I was in hurry to get off and forget to check the packages lying on the floor. I should be much careful next time.短文改错练习(100)A man stopped at a flower shop to order some flowers to be sent to his mother. When getting out of his car he looked a young girl sobbing, he asked her what was the wrong. She replied, ―I want to buy a red rose for my mother, I only have 75 cents. A rose cost 2 dollars.‖ The man smiled and said, ―Come on in with me….‖ He bought her flowers and ordered him own. While leaving he offered the girl a ride home. She said, ―Yes, please! You must take me to my mother.‖ She directed him to a cemetery, there she placed the roses on a freshly dug grave. The man returned to the flower shop, canceled the order, choose a bouquet and drove 200 miles for his mother’s house.短文改错练习(101)Many scientists believe that life begins in the ocean long ago. For age man used the ocean to discover and explore new lands. Now man spends a great deal of time or money in discovering the ocean. We know it is rich at minerals which the world need. We know too that it contains a plenty of food for all the people in the world. We know that if the salt were taken from it, it’s water would turn the deserts into rich farm land. We know a great deal about this land frontier(新领域), as it has called. But we still need to learn many more about it.短文改错练习(102)After a day of work and play, the body needs to have a rest. Sleep is necessary for good healthy. During this time, the body recovers from the activities of the day. The rest that you get it while sleeping enable your body to prepare itself for the next day. There are four levels of sleep. Each is a little deep than the one before. As you sleep, your muscles relax. Your heart beats slowly, and your brain slows down. After you reach the fourth level, your body shifts back or forth from one level of sleep to the other. If you have trouble fall asleep, some people suggest breathing slowly and deeply. And other people believe that drink warm milk helps make you sleepy. There is also an old advice that counting sheeps put you to sleep.短文改错练习(103)Though now I am a college student, but I still remember many things in the primary school and one of it is always kept in my mind. As a schoolboy I used to being very lazy at school, and I played a lot after class but did few in class. One afternoon before school was over, our head teacher was giving us last class, when I fell sleepy. He went on teaching without wake me up. When school was over, he asked the other student to leave the classroom quiet, leaving me locked in the classroom. You can imagine what hard I cried for help when I finally woke up.短文改错练习(104)Have you ever asked you why students go to school? You may say they go to school to learn language, maths, history, science and other subject. But why do they learn this? And are these all that they learn at the school? Students go to school to preparing themselves for the time when they grow up and have to work for themselves. They learn their native language in order that they could understand that others write and say, and make themselves clearly understand. They learn foreign languages in order to benefit what foreign people write and say.短文改错练习(105)Yesterday was my birthday. I accepted lots of presents. All the presents were wrapped with color, beautiful and soft paper. Among them was two really interesting. My sister brought me a paper bag. I thought there would have a football in the bag. Not until I opened it I find it was a clock. My brother gave me a note, that read, ―My present has been put in your bedroom.‖ When I hurry into my bedroom, I found a box. Opened the box, I found a pocket computer. I was more than exciting, and realized they suggested that I study hard and do not waste time.短文改错练习(106)I went to the Summer Palace on last week. At the gate I happened to meet some America tourists. I greeted him in English and then we began to chat. I get to know that they were college students travel in China. They were busy in taking photos and were much impressed with the changes had taken place in the past few years. After that, we went boating on a lake and have a good time. We exchanged our email address so that we can write to each other in the future. They thanked me again and again. I was very glad to have a chance to practising my oral EnglishKey:短文改错练习(70)1. lately-late2. ask-asked3.her-him4.like-as5. and-but6. servant-servant for7. 去掉a8. repeated-repeat9. astonishing-astonished 10. him-he短文改错练习(71)1. pair-pair of2. in-into3. wash-washing4. reasons-reason5. he-she6. remember-remembered7. pounds-pound8. 去掉it9. is-was 10. a-the短文改错练习(72)1. on→in2. it→its3. ship→ships4. are→were5.cold→colder6. or→and7. shouting→shouted8. A→The9.stopping-stop 10. come→come in短文改错练习(73)1. 去掉is2.took→takes3. well→much4. walk-walks 5 visits-visited6. friends-friend7. worrying→worried8.but→and9. none→no 10. could-could not 短文改错练习(74)1. usually---usual2. do→did3. classmate ---classmates4. And ---But5.had∧been6. the 去掉7. going-go8. progresses-progress9. wrote---write 10. listen---take/follow短文改错练习(75)1. In-In the2. Indian-India3. hunted-hunting4. in ∧which 或which改为where5.but-and6.eye –eyes7. can –could8. at –to9. had-was 10.去掉was短文改错练习(76)1. same-the same2. and-but3. it--them4. when-how5. regular—regularly6. for–to7. helped-help8. these-those9. with-by 10. 去掉more短文改错练习(78)1. much—many2. anything--everything3. my—a4. 去掉should5. talk--talking6. me--myself7. to前加it8. very--so9. reads--read 10.word—words短文改错练习(79)1. When—which2. Play—Playing3. hobby—hobbies4. Sometime—sometimes5.去掉the6. interesting—interested7. and---or8. or后加be9. carefully—careful 10. try 后加my 短文改错练习(80)1. Lonely→alone2. never→ever3. buy前加to4. it→them5. sit→sat6. peoples→people7. up--on8. 去掉the9. either→too 10.fast→soon短文改错练习(81)1. all→both2. had→was3. nothing→none4. seated→sat或后加myself5. floated--floating6. and→but7. had前加who8. 去掉with9. until前加not 10. strongly--strong短文改错练习(82)去掉was can--could house→houses With→As或went →going struck→strike that—which However→So terribly→terrible they→we instead后加of短文改错练习(83)1. would后加be2. get→ take3. while → when4. my→ the5. to--at6. opened →open7. can→could8. lately—late9. A→The 10. 去掉that短文改错练习(84)1. heard后加from2. had---have3. for---to4. has前加that 或which/has---with5.most---largest 6. bright---brightly 7. and---but 8. anything---something 9.去掉at 10. writing--write短文改错练习(85)1. and→but2. 去掉what或把what改为that/which3. boring-bored4. see→saw5. rices→rice6. tried后面加to7. the→a或去掉the8. rude→rudely9. blowing→blown 10. look后加after 短文改错练习(86)1. in → in the2. her → him3. say → said4. past → passed5. anywhere → somewhere6. told前加was7. immediate → immediately8. 去掉in9. or → and 10. Under → with短文改错练习(87)1. class—classes2. them前加of3. or—and4. it—they5. understood—understand6. what—how7. 去掉the8. most—least 9.learn—learning 10.practically—practical 短文改错练习(88)1. on-by2. his-their3. consider-considers4. the man-the man who5. So-beause/as6. get-get a7. 删去the8. that-those9. in- at 10. less-more短文改错练习(91)1. student---students;2. extreme---extremely;3. the Harvard University---Harvard University;4. hope---hopes;5.That---What;6. is they---is that they;7. or---nor;8. nothing---anything;9. As---Like; 10. accept---receive短文改错练习(92)1. do---did;2. Nothing---Everything;3. On---In;4. since---so;5. the breakfast---breakfast;6. buses---bus7. am---was;8. come---coming;9. everybody---nobody; 10. but---and 短文改错练习(93)1. Get---Getting;2. most---mostly;3. found---founded;4. taught---are taught;5. is---are;6. that ---which;7. paying—paid;8. the school---school;9. include---includes; 10. course---courses短文改错练习(94)1. grow---plant;2. dig---to dig;3. hardly---hard;4. sweats---sweat;5. it---them;6. But---So;7. other---another;8. water---watering;9. fee---felt; 10. but we---we短文改错练习(96)1. many---any;2. lonely---alone;3. lake---the lake;4. fish was---fish were;5. lie---lay;6. or---and;7. extreme---extremely;8. them---it;9. to home---home; 10. tiring---tired短文改错练习(97)1. expected---expecting2. reached to---reached3. usually---usual4. same---the same5. ago---before6. But---So7. with---in8. come---coming9. spend---spending 10. anyone---everyone短文改错练习(98)1. sky---weather2. gathered---gathering3. both---either4. umbrella---an umbrella5. find---found6. he---it7.. me---mine8.. ways---way9. How much---How 10. to---for短文改错练习(99)1.missed---missing2. exact---exactly3. at the time---the time4. whether---that5. might---must6. But---So7. forgotten---left8. in hurry---in a hurry9. forget---forgot10. much---more短文改错练习(100)1. looked---noticed2. the wrong---wrong3. I only---but I only4. cost---costs5. him---his6. While---When/As7. must---can8. there---where9. choose---chose 10. for---to短文改错练习(101)1. begins---began2. age---ages3. or---and4. at---in5. need---needs6. a plenty of--- plenty of7. it’s---its8. land---lands9. has---has been 10. many---much短文改错练习(102)1. healthy---health2. enable---enables3. get it---get4. deep---deeper5. slowly---more slowly6. or---and7. fall---falling8. drink---drinking9. advice---suggestion 10. sheeps---sheep短文改错练习(103)1. 去掉but2. it---them3. being---be4. few---little5. last class---the last class6. sleepy---asleep7. wake---waking8. student---students9. quiet---quietly 10. what---how短文改错练习(104)1. you→yourself2. language→ languages3. subject→ subjects4. this→these5. at the school→at school6. preparing→prepare7. could---can8. that→what9. understand→understood10. benefit 后加from短文改错练习(105)1. accepted→ received2. with---in3. was---were4. have→be5. I find→did I find6. that→ which7. hurry---hurried8. Opened → Opening9. exciting→excited10. do not→ not短文改错练习(106)1. on last week---last week2. America→American3. him→them4. get---got5. travel→trav elling6. changes后加that7. have→had8. address→addresses9. can---could 10. practising→practise。
2009年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(安徽卷)理科综合能力测试
2009年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(安徽卷)理科综合能力测试第I卷(选择题,共120分)本卷共20小题,每小题6分,共120分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
以下数据可供解题时参考:c52相对原子质量(原子量):H 1 C 12 O 16 S 32r7.是没烯是由碳原子构成的单层片状结构的新材料(结构示意图如下),可由石墨剥离而成,具有极好的应用前景。
下列说法正确的是A.石墨烯与石墨互为同位素B.0.12g石墨烯中含6.02×1022个碳原子C.石墨烯是一种有机物D.石墨烯中碳原子间以共价键结合8北京奥运会期间对大量盆栽鲜花施用了S-诱抗素制剂,以保持鲜花盛开。
S-诱抗素的分子结构如图,下列关于该分子说法正确的是A含有碳碳双键、羟基、碳基,羧基B含有苯环、羟基、碳基,羧基C含有羟基、碳基,羧基,酯基D含有碳碳双键、苯环,羟基、羧基9下列选用的相关仪器负荷试验要求的是10,在溶液中能大量共存的一组离子或分子式A 4NH +、H +、3NO -、3HCO -、B K+3AI +.24SO -,32NH H O ∙ C Na +,K +,23SO -2Cl D Na +,3CH COO -,23CO -,OH - 11汽车尾气净化中的一个反应如下:()NO g +()CO g −−→←−− 122()N g +2()CO g ⊿H=-373.4KJ*1mol - 在恒容得密闭容器中,反应达平衡后,改变某一条件,下列示意图正确的是12. 2Cu O 是一种半导体材料,基于绿色化学理念设计的制取2Cu O 的电解池示意图如下,点解总反应为:22Cu H O +−−−→←−−−通电2Cu O +2H ↑。
下列说法正确的是A 石墨电极上产生氢气B 铜电极发生还原反应C 铜电极直接流电源的负极D 当有0.1mol 电子转移时,有0.1moI 2Cu O 生成13.向体积Va 的0.05mol ·1L - C 3H COOH 溶液中加入体积为Vb 的0.05mol ·1L -KOH 溶液,下列关系错误的是A. Va >Vb 时:c (C 3H COOH )+c (C 3H CO 1O -)>c (K +)B .Va =Vb 时:c (C 3H COOH )+ c (H +)=c (O H -)C .Va <Vb 时:c (C 3H CO 1O -)>c (K +)>c (O H -)>c (H +)D. Va 与Vb 任意比时:c (K +)+ c (H +)= c (O H -)+ c (C 3H CO 1O -)2009年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(安徽卷)理科综合能力测试第II 卷(非选择题 共180分)25.(17分)W 、X 、Y 、Z 是周期表前36号元素中的四种常见元素,其原子系数依次增大。
2009年安徽理综卷第23题
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2009年安徽理综卷第23题
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2009年安徽理综卷第23题
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2009年安徽理综卷第23题
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年高考安徽卷理综物理含答案
2009年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(安徽卷)理科综合能力测试 物理试卷第Ⅰ卷在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
14. 原子核聚变可望给人类未来提供丰富的洁净能源。
当氖等离子体被加热到适当高温时,氖核参与的几种聚变反应可能发生,放出能量。
这几种反应的总效果可以表示为241112106H k 243.15He d H n MeV →+++,由平衡条件可知A. k=1, d=4B. k=2, d=2C. k=1, d=6D. k=2, d=315. 2009年2月11日,俄罗斯的“宇宙-2251”卫星和美国的“铱-33”卫星在西伯利亚上空约805km 处发生碰撞。
这是历史上首次发生的完整在轨卫星碰撞事件。
碰撞过程中产生的大量碎片可能会影响太空环境。
假定有甲、乙两块碎片,绕地球运动的轨道都是圆,甲的运行速率比乙的大,则下列说法中正确的是 A. 甲的运行周期一定比乙的长 B. 甲距地面的高度一定比乙的高 C. 甲的向心力一定比乙的小 D. 甲的加速度一定比乙的大16. 大爆炸理论认为,我们的宇宙起源于137亿年前的一次大爆炸。
除开始瞬间外,在演化至今的大部分时间内,宇宙基本上是匀速膨胀的。
上世纪末,对1A 型超新星的观测显示,宇宙正在加速膨胀,面对这个出人意料的发现,宇宙学家探究其背后的原因,提出宇宙的大部分可能由暗能量组成,它们的排斥作用导致宇宙在近段天文时期内开始加速膨胀。
如果真是这样,则标志宇宙大小的宇宙半径R 和宇宙年龄的关系,大致是下面哪个图像17. 为了节省能量,某商场安装了智能化的电动扶梯。
无人乘行时,扶梯运转得很慢;有人站上扶梯时,它会先慢慢加速,再匀速运转。
一顾客乘扶梯上楼,恰好经历了这两个过程,如图所示。
那么下列说法中正确的是A. 顾客始终受到三个力的作用B. 顾客始终处于超重状态C. 顾客对扶梯作用力的方向先指向左下方,再竖直向下D. 顾客对扶梯作用的方向先指向右下方,再竖直向下18. 在光滑的绝缘水平面上,有一个正方形的abcd,顶点a、c处分别固定一个正点电荷,电荷量相等,如图所示。
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(2009安徽卷)理科综合能力测试第Ⅰ卷本卷共20小题,每小题6分,共120分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
以下数据可供解题时参考:相对原子质量(原子量):H 1 C 12 O 16 S 12 Cr 52 Fe 561.叶绿体是植物进行光合作用的场所。
下列关于叶绿体结构与功能的叙述,正确的是A.叶绿体中的色素主要分布在类囊体腔内B.H2O在光下分解为[H]和O2的过程发生在基质中C.CO2的固定过程发生在类囊体薄膜上D.光合作用的产物——淀粉是在基质中合成的2.细胞的分化、衰老和凋亡是普遍存在的生命现象。
下列有关叙述正确的是A.人体各种组织细胞的衰老是同步进行的B.人的早期胚胎有尾,尾部细胞随着发育逐渐凋亡C.细胞癌变是细胞高度分化的结果D.皮肤上的“老年斑”是细胞凋亡的产物3.用牛奶瓶培养黑腹果蝇,观察成虫数量的变化,结果如下表:根据表中数据分析,下列结果正确的是A.第13-25天,成虫数量增长快的主要原因是个体生长加快。
B.第17-29天,成虫增长率上升,死亡率下降C.第21-37天,成虫增长率的下降与种群密度的改变有关D.第1-37天,成虫数量成“J”型增长4.2008年诺贝尔化学奖授予了“发现和发展了水母绿色荧光蛋白“的三位科学家。
将绿色荧光蛋白基因的片段与目的基因连接起来组成一个融合基因,再将该融合基因转入真核生物细胞内,表达出的蛋白质就会带有绿色荧光。
绿色荧光蛋白在该研究中的主要作用是A.追踪目的基因在细胞内的复制过程B.追踪目的基因插入到染色体上的位置C. 追踪目的基因编码的蛋白质在细胞内的分布D.追踪目的基因编码的蛋白质的空间结构。
5.已知人的红绿色盲属X染色体隐性遗传,先天性耳聋是常染色体隐性遗传(D对d完全显性)。
下图中Ⅱ2 为色觉正常的耳聋患者,Ⅱ5为听觉正常的色盲患者。
Ⅱ4(不携带d基因)和Ⅱ3婚后生下一个男孩,这个男孩患耳聋、色盲。
既耳聋有色盲的可能性分别是A. 0 、12、0 B. 0、14、14C.0、18、0 D.12、14、186.下列是关于“检测土壤中细菌总数”实验操作的叙述,其中错误的是A.用蒸馏水配制牛肉膏蛋白膝培养基,经高温、高压灭菌后倒平板B.取104、105、106倍的土壤稀释液和无菌水各0.1ml,分别涂布于各组平板上C.将实验组和对照组平板倒置,370C恒温培养24-48小时D.确定对照组无菌后,选择菌落数在300以上的实验组平板进行计数答案:D解析:检测土壤中细菌总数,用蒸馏水配制牛肉膏蛋白胨培养基,经高温、高压灭菌后倒平板,取104、105、106倍的土壤稀释液和无菌水各0.1ml,分别涂布于各组平板上,将实验组和对照组平板倒置,37℃恒温培养24-48小时,在确定对照组无菌后,选择菌落数在30-300的一组平板为代表进行计数。
所以D不对。
(2009安徽卷)29.(15分)Ⅰ.(3分)现有等量的A、B两个品种的小麦种子,将它们分别置于两个容积相同、密封的棕色广口瓶内,各加入适量(等量)的水。
在25℃条件下,瓶内O2含量变化如图所示。
请回答:(1)在t1~t2期间,瓶内O2含量的降低主要是由种子的引起的,A种子比B种子的呼吸速率,A、B种子释放CO2量的变化趋势是。
(2)在0~t1期间,广口瓶内的CO2有少量增加,主要原因可能是。
Ⅱ.(7分)某生物兴趣小组调查发现,在黄瓜幼苗期喷洒一次乙烯利溶液(100~200mg·L-1),可促进多开雌花,提高黄瓜产量。
但乙烯利浓度低于或高于这个范围时,其作用效果尚不清楚。
请设计实验,探究乙烯利浓度对黄瓜开雌花数量的影响。
材料用具:2~3片真叶的盆栽黄瓜幼苗若干、乙烯利溶液(300mg·L-1)、蒸馏水、喷壶……方法步骤:(1)将黄瓜幼苗平均分成A、B、C、D四组。
(2)。
(3)。
(4)连续观察6周,记录并统计。
实验结果预测:(请在图中将预测的结果以折线的形式表示)答案Ⅰ.(1)有氧呼吸快先递增后递减(2)种子的无氧呼吸产生了CO2Ⅱ.(2)用蒸馏水稀释乙烯利溶液,配置成4种浓度(要求在0~100mg·L-1、100~200mg·L-1、200~300mg·L-1三个区间各至少取一种浓度)。
(3)取等量上述各浓度乙烯利溶液,用喷壶分别喷洒各组黄瓜幼苗一次。
(4)各组雌花数(或各组每株平均雌花数)实验结果预测:如配置的浓度为0、50、150、250mg·L-1,折线图为(要求在横坐标上注明上述(2)配置的浓度)解析:Ⅰ本题考查细胞呼吸的有关知识。
⑴在t1~t2期间,瓶内O2含量的降低主要是由种子进行有氧呼吸引起的,A种子比B种子消耗氧气的速率,所以A种子比B种子呼吸速率快。
因为每消耗1 mol氧气,就产生1mol CO2,所以从图可以看出A、B种子释放CO2量的变化趋势都是先递增后递减。
⑵在0~t1期间,广口瓶内的CO2有少量增加,主要原因可能是种子的无氧呼吸产生了CO2。
Ⅱ本题考查通过设计实验,来探究乙烯利浓度对黄瓜开雌花数量的影响。
因此设计实验时应遵循对照性原则、科学性原则和单一变量原则。
因此步骤⑵用蒸馏水稀释乙烯利溶液,配制成4种浓度(要求在0~100mg·L-1、100~200mg·L-1、200~300mg·L-1三个区间各至少取一种浓度)。
⑶取等量上述各浓度乙烯利溶液,用喷壶分别喷洒各组黄瓜幼苗一次。
⑷观察记录并统计各组雌花数(或各组每株平均雌花数)。
实验结果预测:如配制的浓度为0、50、150、250 mg·L-1,折线图为30.(18分)Ⅰ.(10分)离体神经纤维某一部位受到适当刺激时,受刺激部位细胞膜两侧会出现暂时性的电位变化,产生神经冲动。
图示该部位受刺激前后,膜两侧电位差的变化。
请回答:(1)图中a线段表示电位;b点膜两侧的电位差为,此时Na+(内、外)流。
(2)神经冲动在离体神经纤维上以局部电流的方式双向传导,但在动物体内,神经冲动的传导方向是单向的,总是由胞体传向。
(3)神经冲动在突触的传递受很多药物的影响。
某药物能阻断突触传递,如果它对神经递质的合成、释放和降解(或再摄取)等都没有影响,那么导致神经冲动不能传递的原因可能是该药物影响了神经递质与的结合。
Ⅱ.(8分)在人体体温的神经—体液调节中,下丘脑是,调节产热活动最重要的激素是。
人在寒冷的环境下会出现寒战,这是机体通过增加产热,有利于维持体温恒定;剧烈运动后,机体降低体温的机制主要是通过汗液的蒸发和增加散热。
答案Ⅰ.(1)静息 0mv 内(2)轴突末梢(3)突触后膜上的特异性受体Ⅱ.体温调节中枢甲状腺激素骨骼肌收缩皮肤毛细管舒张解析:本题考查神经调节和体液调节的相关知识。
Ⅰ。
⑴从图可以看出a线段表示未受刺激时的静息电位;b点膜两侧的电位差为0mV,静息电位是由Na+内流形成的。
⑵在动物体内,神经冲动的传导方向总是由胞体传向轴突末梢,是单向的。
⑶如果某药物对神经递质的合成、释放和降解(或再摄取)等都没有影响,那么导致神经冲动不能传递的原因可能是该药物影响了神经递质与特异性受体的结合。
Ⅱ。
在人体体温的神经—体液调节中,下丘脑是体温调节中枢,调节产热活动最重要的激素是甲状腺激素(促进有机物的氧化分解)。
人在寒冷的环境下会出现寒战,这是机体通过骨骼肌收缩增加产热,有利于维持体温恒定;剧烈运动后,机体降低体温的机制主要是通过汗液的蒸发和皮肤毛细血管舒张来增加散热。
31.(21分)某种野生植物有紫花和白花两种表现型,已知紫花形成的生物化学途径是:A和a、B和b是分别位于两对染色体上的等位基因,A对a、B对b为显性。
基因型不同的两白花植株杂交,F1紫花:白花=1:1。
若将F1紫花植株自交,所得F2植株中紫花:白花=9:7 请回答:(1)从紫花形成的途径可知,紫花性状是由对基因控制。
(2)根据F1紫花植株自交的结果,可以推测F1紫花植株的基因型是,其自交所得F2中,白花植株纯合体的基因型是。
(3)推测两亲本白花植株的杂交组合(基因型)是或;用遗传图解表示两亲本白花植株杂交的过程(只要求写一组)。
(4)紫花形成的生物化学途径中,若中间产物是红色(形成红花),那么基因型为AaBb的植株自交,子一代植株的表现型及比例为。
(5)紫花中的紫色物质是一种天然的优质色素,但由于B基因表达的酶较少,紫色物质含量较低。
设想通过基因工程技术,采用重组的Ti质粒转移一段DNA进入细胞并且整合到染色体上,以促进B基因在花瓣细胞中的表达,提高紫色物质含量。
右图是一个已插入外源DNA片段的重组Ti质粒载体结构模式图,请填出标号所示结构的名称:①②③1、答案:D解析:叶绿体中的色素主要分布在类囊体膜上,H2O在光下分解的过程也是在类囊体膜上进行的,CO2的固定和淀粉的合成发生在暗反应中,在叶绿体的基质中进行。
所以D正确。
2、答案:B解析:细胞会随着分裂次数的增多而衰老,可见人体各组织细胞的衰老不是同步进行的;环境中的致癌因子损伤细胞中的DNA,使原癌基因和抑癌基因发生突变,导致正常细胞的生长和分裂失控而变成癌细胞,是细胞不正常分化的结果;皮肤上的老年斑是细胞内的色素随细胞的衰老而逐渐积累的结果;人的早期胚胎有尾,尾部细胞会随着发育逐渐凋亡。
故B正确。
3、答案:C解析:第13-25天,成虫数量增长快的主要原因是营养丰富、环境条件适宜;第17-29天,成虫增长率下降,第21-37天,成虫增长率的下降与种群密度的改变(第37天种群密度达到最大)有关,第1-37天,成虫数量成“S”型增长,所以C正确。
4、答案:C解析:将绿色荧光蛋白基因的片段与目的基因连接起来组成一个融合基因,将该融合基因转入真核生物细胞内,表达出的蛋白质带有绿色荧光,从而可以追踪目的基因编码的蛋白质在细胞内的分布。
故C正确。
5、答案:A解析:设色盲基因为b,依题意,Ⅱ5为听觉正常的色盲患者,则他的色盲基因来自他的母亲,母亲基因型为X B X b,又因为Ⅱ4不携带d基因,则她的基因型为1/2DD X B X B和1/2 DD X B X b,Ⅱ3的基因型为DdX B Y, Ⅱ4和Ⅱ3婚后生下一个男孩,则这个男孩患耳聋的可能性为0,色盲的可能性为1/2×1/2=1/4,既耳聋有色盲的可能性分别是0。
故A正确。
6、答案:D解析:检测土壤中细菌总数,用蒸馏水配制牛肉膏蛋白胨培养基,经高温、高压灭菌后倒平板,取104、105、106倍的土壤稀释液和无菌水各0.1ml,分别涂布于各组平板上,将实验组和对照组平板倒置,37℃恒温培养24-48小时,在确定对照组无菌后,选择菌落数在30-300的一组平板为代表进行计数。
所以D不对。
7、答案:D解析:同位素的研究对象是原子,A选项错误;0.12g石墨烯的物质的量为0.01mol,所含碳原子个数为0.01N A,B选项错误;有机物一般含有碳、氢元素,C选项错误;由图示可知,石墨烯中碳原子间均为共价键结合,D选项正确。