高考英语议论文阅读攻略

济宁市育才中学2006级专题复习---议论文阅读训练学生自主作业高考英语议论文阅读攻略一、议论文阅读理解的语篇特点议论文是英语中的重要文体，在每年的高考阅读理解中占有一定的比例。

相对于其它文体，议论文阅读要难一些，因此要多加重视。

议论文就是说理性的文章，一般由论点、论据和论证过程组成。

议论文都要提出论题、观点、提供充分的证据，使用一定的逻辑方法证明观点或得出结论。

二、议论文阅读理解的主要题型从近几年观的高考英语试题来看，议论文类阅读理解的命题类型主要有：1. 主旨题考查考生对于议论文基本观点的理解，是主旨题设题的目的。

做这种类型的题目要弄清作者想说什么，即作者写此文章的目的。

2. 推理判断题这种题型的特点是以事实为依据，但其结果有绝不是事实本身。

它主要测试考生的逻辑思维能力，侧重于推理。

3. 细节题细节题也是议论文试题的主要题型。

这种题要求考生理解文中的具体观点和具体事实。

三、议论文阅读理解题解题技巧第一，抓论点、寻论据阅读议论文我们要抓住论题，即作者提出的观点、给出的例证及最后得出的结论。

抓住了论题，我们就把我了中心。

第二，注重文章结构，理清文章脉络。

把握文章结构，有利于对文章大意的理解。

从论证方法上讲，常见的议论文结构有以下两类：1. Put forward a question →Analyze the question →Solve the question这就是“提出问题、分析问题、解决问题”的过程。

2. Argument/Idea →Evidence →Conclusion/Restating the idea这就是“由论点到论据到结论或者强调论点”的过程。

第三，体会文章语言特点，把握作者写作态度，准确进行推理判断。

能否正确把握作者的观点和态度是体现阅读能力的重要方面。

一般来说，对作者的总的态度和倾向，必须在通读全文，掌握了论点和论据后，方能做出判断。

在判断作者观点态度时，我们应注意，有时候作者的观点和态度并不是明确地表达出来的，需要我们认真体察。

做推理判断时，一定要遵循逻辑规律，以事实为依据进行合理的推理。

下面我们结合2008年高考试题看一下议论文阅读理解的方法。

1. 2008 重庆E篇Almost every day we come across situations in which we have to make decisions one way or another. Choice, we are given to believe, is a right. But for a good many people in the world，in rich and poor countries, choice is a luxury, something wonderful but hard to get, not a right. And for those who think they are exercising their right to make choices, the whole system is merely an illusion, a false idea created by companies and advertiser, hoping to sell their products.The endless choice gives birth to anxiety in people’s lives. Bu ying something as basic as a coffee pot is not exactly simple. Easy access to a wide range of everyday goods leads to a sense of powerlessness in many people, ending in the shopper giving up and walking away, or just buying an unsuitable item(商品) that is not really wanted. Recent studies in England have shown that many electrical goods bought in almost every family are not really needed. More difficult decision-making is then either avoided or trusted into the hands of the professionals, lifestyle instructors, or advisors.It is not just the availability of the goods that is the problem, but the speed with which new types of products come on the market. Advances in design and production help quicken the process Products also need to have a short lifespan so that the public can be persuaded to replace them within a short time. The typical example is computers, which are almost out-of-date once they are bought. This indeed makes selection a problem. Gone are the days when one could just walk with case into a shop and buy one thing; no choice, no anxiety.72. What does the author try to argue in Paragraph 1?A.The exercise of rights is a luxury.B.The practice of choice is difficult.C.The right of choice is given but at a price.D.Choice and right exist at the same time.73. Why do more choices of goods give rise to anxiety?A.Professionals find it hard to decide on a suitable product.B.People are likely to find themselves overcome by business persuasion.C.Shoppers may find themselves lost in the broad range of items.panies and advertisers are often misleading about the rage of choice.74. By using computers as an example, the author wants to prove that .A.advanced products meet the needs of peopleB.products of the latest design fold the marketpetitions are fierce in high-tech industryD.everyday goods need to be replaced often75. What is this passage mainly about?A.The variety of choices in modern society.B.The opinions on people’s right in different countriesC.The Problems about the availability of everyday goods.D.The helplessness in purchasing decisions简析：(Keys: BCBD)本文共三段，文章结构清晰，逻辑严密。

作者在第一段提出论点：But for a good many people in the world，in rich and poor countries, choice is a luxury, something wonderful but hard to get, not a right.接着第二段、第三段分析问题所在，是典型的议论文Put forward a qu estion →Analyze the question结构。

作者在分析问题时指出了两点：第二段The endless choice gives birth to anxiety in people’s lives和第三段It is not just the availability of the goods that is the problem, but the speed with which new types of products come on the market.最后一句话，是作者通过分析得出的结论，与文章第一段的观点相一致。

了解了文章的结构特点有助于做相关的试题。

72题考查的是作者的论点，答案为B。

74题作者在第三段引入了电脑的例子旨在说明科学技术的快速发展使电脑频繁更新换代，这使人们选择起来困难。

因此本题选B。

75题通过对全文的理解和文章最后一句话可知。

2. 2008福建B篇For years we have been told that encouraging a child’s self-respect in important to his or her success in life. But child experts are now learning that too much praise can lead to the opposite effect, Praise-aholic kids who expect it at every turn may become teens who seek the same kind of approval form their friends when asked if they want to go in the backseat of the car.The implication （含义）of saying “You are the prettiest girl in class,” or talking about the goals she scored but not her overall effort, is that you love her only when she looks the best ,scores the highest , achieves the most . And this carries over to the classroom.Social psychologist Carol Deck, PhD, tested the effects of overpraise on 400 fifth graders while she was at Columbia University. She found that kids praised for “trying bard” did better on tests and were more likely to take on difficult assignm ents than those praised for being “smart”.Praising attributes (品质) or abilities makes a false promise that success will come to you because you have that quality, and it devalues effort , so children are afraid to take on challenges,”says Deck ,now at Stanford University. “They figure they’d better quit while they’re ahead.”61. The underlined words “Praise–ah olic kids” refer to kids who are.A. tired of being praisedB. worthy of being praisedC. very proud of being praisedD. extremely fond of being praised62. The author quoted (引用) Dr. Dec k’s words in the last paragraph in order to make thearticle .A. better-knownB. better-organizedC. more persuasiveD. more interesting63. We can infer from the passage that .A.praise for efforts should be more encouragedB.praise for results works better than praise for effortsC. praising a child’s achievements benefits his or her success in lifeD. praising a child’s abilities him or her to take on challenges简析：（Keys: DCA）本文结构清晰，逻辑严密。