备战高考英语易错题专题训练-阅读理解练习题及详细答案

一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解A great number of species make their home in the vast waters of the Atlantic Ocean. Although the entire ocean makes up an ecosystem, many smaller habitats are found within, including an open-water habitat off the coast of the Northern Atlantic Ocean known as the Sargasso Sea. Sargassum is an alga(海藻) that floats in masses that can continue for miles. The waters of the Gulf Stream push the water in a northward move into this area. This constant move and varying temperature support the accumulation of the brown-colored seaweed.The Sargasso Sea is so enormous that one method of information collection has not been enough for scientists to obtain an accurate picture of what takes place within this ecosystem. Researchers have needed to employ several methods of sampling. Methods such as dragging nets over the surface of the water and videotaping beneath areas of sargassum have served scientists well. Information collected has shown that the Gulf Stream pushes brown algae from open water into the Sargasso Sea area, creating a diverse floating habitat in an area that would otherwise not support that wildlife.In the most recent study of the sargassum community off the shores of North Carolina, eighty-one fish species were documented as using the area as a microhabitat. This is an increase from previous studies. The types of fish found here are both commercially and environmentally important. The South Atlantic Fishery Management Council is working to regulate the harvesting of sargassum. The Council hopes to have the area classified as an Essential Fish Habitat. Which would afford it certain protections.Further research needs to be done before scientists understand how to best protect the Sargasso Sea as well as understand how it goes about supporting so many important types of wildlife.（1）The author uses "enormous" in paragraph 2 to stress that .A. the Atlantic Ocean is really amazing in terms of its size and areaB. what the researchers do is highly respected by scientific communityC. the research work is complex because a large area must be coveredD. a large amount of money for the Sargasso Sea research is needed（2）It can be inferred from the phrase "needed to be done" in paragraph 4 that the author thinks .A.the Sargasso ecosystem is worth our attention and needs more studyB.the scientific community has ignored this complex ecosystemC.the Sargasso Sea is becoming a problem and needs removingD.new methods for researching the ecosystem must be found instantly（3）The text is mainly about .A.diversity of wildlife in the Atlantic OceanB.different habitats of sea animalsC.methods of information collectionD.the Sargasso Sea as an entire ecosystem【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了马尾藻海这个完整的生态系统，非常巨大以至于一种信息收集方法不足以让科学家准确了解这个生态系统中发生的情况，这里发现的鱼类种类在商业和环境上都很重要。

南大西洋渔业管理委员会正在努力管制马尾藻海的捕捞。

这将为马尾藻海提供一定的保护。

（1）考查句义猜测。

根据第二段中的“one method of information collection has not been enough for scientists to obtain an accurate pictur e of what takes place within this ecosystem”一种信息收集方法还不足以让科学家准确地了解在这个生态系统中发生了什么，可知作者在第2段中使用了“enormous”一词，是为了强调研究工作很复杂，因为必须覆盖很大的区域。

故选C。

（2）考查句义猜测。

根据第四段中的“before scientists understand how to best protect the Sargasso Sea as well as understand how it goes about supporting so many important types of wildlife”在科学家们了解如何最好地保护马尾藻海以及如何救助这么多重要的野生动物之前，还需要做进一步的研究。

可知从第4段“need to be done”一词可以推断，作者认为马尾藻生态系统值得我们关注，需要更多的研究。

故选A。

（3）考查主旨大意。

根据第一段中的“Although the entire ocean makes up an ecosystem, many smaller habitats are found within, including an open-water habitat off the coast of the Northern Atlantic Ocean known as the Sargasso Sea.”虽然整个海洋构成了一个生态系统，但在其中发现了许多较小的栖息地，包括北大西洋沿岸的一个被称为马尾藻海的开放水域栖息地。

以及文章内容为关于马尾藻海的一些研究说明，可知文本主要是关于作为一个完整的生态系统的马尾藻海。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测，句义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解Some things should just be common knowledge by now. The Earth isn't flat. Nope, your hair and nails don't grow after you die. The holes at the top of Bic biro pens are there so that, if you swallow one accidentally, you can still breathe and won't choke to death. It's debatable whether that last one there is common knowledge or not. A quick Google search of the fact, rewritten as a question, shows articles addressing this point going back several years, with the latest (re)appearing just this week over on ScienceAlert. We suppose it's one of those things that come up from time to time, like what would happen if you attack Yellowstone with a nuclear weapon (not much, as it turns out).If you jump over to Bic's website, under their FAQs (frequently asked questions), it quite clearly states: "The reason that some BIC® pens have a hole in their cap is to prevent the cap from completely obstructing the airway if accidentally breathed in. This is requested by the international safety standards ISO11540, except for in cases where the cap is considered too largeto be a choking risk."That's rather lovely of them. In appreciation of their want to not kill off their more clumsy customers, we thought we'd share a few more random facts about Bic that are probably going to come up in a pub quiz one day. Did you know, for example, that each Bic ballpoint pen can produce at least 2 kilometers (1.2 miles) of ink before it begins to run out? In fact, in 2018, 7,250 kilometers (4,505 miles) of writing tests on such pens were carried out on ballpoint pens, gel pens(中性笔), and rollers to make sure they worked to the highest standard.The best part of the Bic site, however, is this rather curious fact: "100 percent of pen balls are made through a highly-controlled process." As opposed to a highly uncontrolled process, involving explosions and bouncy castles and total chaos, we suppose.（1）Why does the author mention the case of Yellowstone?A. To list the facts.B. To prove his point.C. To compare the two situations.D. To emphasize the importance of safety.（2）What does the underlined word "obstructing" in paragraph 2 mean?A. Block.B. Open.C. Transform.D. Narrow.（3）Why were the writing tests on pens carried out?A. To work out their lifespan.B. To assure their good quality.C. To prove some random facts.D. To compare different pens with each other.（4）In what tone does the author develop the text?A. Critical.B. Acid.C. Humorous.D. Serious.【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）B（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，毕克笔的笔帽上有一个小孔是为了防止那些粗心的使用者不小心吞下而窒息死亡。