崇文区九年级上学期期末考试试卷

合集下载

九上期末崇文

九上期末崇文

北京市崇文区初三上学期期末统一练习数学试卷参考答案一、选择题(本题共32分,每小题4分) 1.D 2.A 3.D4.C 5.A 6.B 7.C8.B二、填空题(本题共16分,每小题4分) 9.5210.60°11.y x x =-+244212.13三、(本题共16分,每小题4分)13.解:原式=⨯-⨯-⨯21232223331分=--1323 2分=+-3233分=2 4分14.解:如图所示,在Rt △ABC 中∠==∴==C A BC x AC x 90122°,设,tan∴=AB x 51分 ∴===sin B AC AB x x 252552分cos B BC AB x x===5553分tan B AC BC xx===22 4分15.解:∵二次函数y ax bx c =++2的图象与y 轴交于点(0,3)∴=c 3 1分又∵二次函数y ax bx c =++2的图象经过(1,0)、(2,-1)两点∴=++-=++⎧⎨⎩031423a b a b 2分解得a b ==-⎧⎨⎩143分∴二次函数的解析式为y x x =-+2434分16.此题答案不唯一,只要画出的三角形三边长分别为2、2542、就正确,给4分。

四、(本题共14分,第17题5分,第18题3分,第19题6分) 17.(1)证明:过点O 作OG CD G ⊥于∴=CG D G 1分又 AE EF BF EF ⊥⊥,∴=AE OG BF AO BO//// ∴=EG FG 2分 ∴=CE DF3分(2)解:连结OC 在Rt △OCG 中OC OG CG AB CD 222106=+== ,∴=OG 4 4分又∵OG 是梯形AEFB 的中位线∴+==A E BF O G 28 5分18.解:(1)由题意可知,反比例函数的解析式为y x=1001分(2)当近视眼镜的度数是200度时 即20010005=∴=xx ,米. 2分(3)当近视眼镜的度数不超过500度时,镜片焦距x 的取值范围是x ≥02. 3分19.解:(1)由题意得m -=-23∴=-m 1 1分(2) y x x =+-223 令y =0,即x x 2230+-= 解得x x 1231=-=,∴交点坐标为()()-3010,、,2分y x x x =+-=+-222314()∴抛物线的顶点坐标为(--14,)3分 (3)由图象可知,当x <-3或x >1时,y 的值大于04分(4)由图象可知,当x<-1时,y的值随x值的增大而减小5分画出函数图象给1分,共6分五、(本题共18分,每小题6分)20.解:由题意列表为2分由列表可知,两个数字的积为非负数有7个;负数有5个3分∴小红获胜的概率为712,小明获胜的概率为5125分∴这个游戏对双方不公平。

北京市崇文区名校2023-2024学年九年级英语第一学期期末达标检测模拟试题含解析

北京市崇文区名校2023-2024学年九年级英语第一学期期末达标检测模拟试题含解析

北京市崇文区名校2023-2024学年九年级英语第一学期期末达标检测模拟试题注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其它答案标号。

回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。

3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

Ⅰ. 单项选择1、—If you are buying today’s Nanjing Daily, could you get ______ for me?—I am glad to help you.A.it B.this C.one D.that2、Animals as our good friends because they help us a lot.A.treat B.are treated C.treated D.were treated3、—Do you like swimming in winter?—Of course. The water a bit cold at first,but then I am warm and full of energy.A.feels B.tastesC.smells D.looks4、—How soon will you finish the work?—In a week. We ________ about 80% of the work so far.A.have completed B.completed C.will complete D.are completing5、一The pen writes well though it is only worth fifteen yuan.一Let me have a try. So .A.it is B.it does C.is it D.does it6、Whenever we had a meeting, he was never late, which impressed us much with his sense of __________.A.humor B.time C.art7、I always play basketball to relax myself Saturdays.A.on B.in C.at D.by8、Everyone may make mistakes in his life, but not everyone knows _____. Finding the way to the mistakes is more important than escaping from them.A.what should he do with themB.how he should do with themC.how he should deal with them9、—Did you see Tom yesterday? —No, I him for a long time.A.didn’t see B.hasn’t seen C.saw D.haven’t seen10、—How wonderful these paintings are! Which one do you think the artist?—Perhaps he __________ the one hanging on the wall.A.satisfying; satisfies B.satisfies with ; satisfiesC.satisfies ; is satisfied with D.satisfied with; is satisfied withⅡ. 完形填空11、We could all say that we have bad days as we go through life, but what does it take to have a really good day?I remember a day recently when I had to go to the 1 for special tests because I wasn’t feeling well and my doctor sent me to a specialist to try and find the cause of my illness.As I 2 to th e hospital, I was feeling sad and certainly wasn’t on top of my game. As I got to the hospital, I began my 3 for a parking lot. I finally found one not too far from the entrance to the hospital.As I got out and brought my change out of my pocket, I noticed a man looking a little 4 standing in front of a parking meter (停车记时收费表) two cars away. He seemed to be searching his pockets for what I supposed were 5 for the meter.Although I 6 didn’t feel that great, I thought that I should at least go over to him and find out if I could 7 him. As I stood beside him, he turned to me looking worried. I asked him if he had a problem I could help with. He said that he had no coins at all because he was only thinking about visiting his sick wife when he left his house.I reached into my pocket and 8 out two dollars and gave it to him without saying a word. And, without waiting for a reply, I turned on my heel and said to him as I was walking away: “Have a good day.”The funny thing was that I felt a lot brighter, a small smile came to my face, and I seemed to walk just a little quicker. I was walking away when he called out: “Thank you so much.” You know, I didn’t even 9 him to say anything. He didn’t have to say a word to me. It wa s simply enough to know that I had helped someone else who needed a little10 . That’s all it took to bring a smile to my face as I went on toward completing my own business.You know, it doesn’t take much to help someone else.1.A.hospital B.school C.gym D.company2.A.walked B.ran C.rode D.drove3.A.search B.plan C.travel D.design4.A.tired B.worried C.relaxed D.bored5.A.tools B.keys C.coins D.cards6.A.probably B.suddenly C.finally D.really7.A.help B.understand C.follow D.join8.A.pushed B.made C.pulled D.sent9.A.mean B.expect C.make D.save10.A.courage B.patience C.hand D.guideⅢ. 语法填空12、Just like football, basketball is one of the 1.(popular) sports in the world.The game of the basketball2.(go) a long way since its first game on December 21, 1891. At the beginning the game wasn’t played very 3.(wide ),because students played 4.game inside when the weather outside became too cold for sports. Now basketball 5.(play) in many different countries around the world. Fans of basketball love playing the games in all seasons---spring, summer, fall, winter.Ⅳ. 阅读理解A13、When you are about to do something brave, a cheerful wish of “Good luck!” f rom a friend can be helpful. But if you think you need lots of luck, what else might you do?In the UK and US there are some strange traditions for bringing yourself a little more good luck. Some are hundreds of years old and some are much newer.Have you heard the saying “When you wish upon a star”? If you are looking up at the sky on a clear night and you see a sudden flash of light, it is probably a shooting star! Seeing one doesn’t happen very often. The saying goes that if you see one you have been very lucky, and so ifyou make a wish, it will come true.Maybe you have heard of the lucky rabbit’s foot. Some people believe that rabbits are lucky animals, so they carry a part of the rabbit, its foot, for good luck. There are all kinds of strange, unclear rules about which of the rabbit’s feet is the luckiest. It is said that this good luck tradition is the oldest one of all. However, as the funny saying goes, “Depend o n the rabbit’s foot if you will, but remember it didn’t work for the rabbit!”People in Britain love trees. If it is autumn and leaves are falling from the trees, some people try to catch the leaves as they fall because they think each leaf they catch will bringthema lucky month in the following year—they will need to catch 12 falling leaves to have a whole of good luck.1.Which thing is mentioned in the oldest good luck tradition?A.A falling leafB.A rabbit’s footC.A shooting starD.A cheerful wish from friends2.According to Paragraph 3, we know that ______.A.people can see a shooting star on a rainy night.B.shooting stars can often be seenC.people believe that it’s unlucky to see a shooting star.D.your wish may come true if you see a shooting star.3.British people try to catch 12 falling leaves because ______.A.the leaves fall in autumn.B.there are so many leaves to catch.C.they want to have a whole year of good luck.D.the leaves can bring them a lucky month.4.In Paragraph 5, the underlined word “them” refers to(指)______.A.leaves B.people C.trees D.years5.The passage is mainly about ______.A.how to wish upon a starB.things that bring good luckC.British people love leavesD.which of the rabbit’s feet is the luckiestB14、"Face it,Andy.You sold your soul the day you put on that first pair of Jimmy Choo's."That line from the movie The Devil Wears Prada is an example showing how a shoemaker has become famous in the fashion world.Jimmy Choo (Zhou Yangjie)is a native Malaysian of Chinese origin ,born in 1961into a family of shoemakers.He created his first pair of shoes at age 1.His family couldn't pay for his schooling,so he dropped out at a young age.He had to work with his father to support the family.But his dream to be a fashion designer never disappeared,so he did all he could to enter an art college and finally took up a position in the fashion world through his talent and willpower.Choo graduated from a college in London and had a small workshop there.He hit the international fashion scene when Vogue magazine described his designs in eight pages in 2.His work was immediately popular and got love and support from Diana,Princess of Wales.Jimmy Choo shoes are known for their very high heels and pointed toes.However,he does some flats andlower-heeled shoes for other women.Choo co-founded Jimmy Choo Ltd.with Tamara Mellon,UK Vogue editor, but left the company in 3.Jimmy Choo shops have opened around the world,so his designs are more accessible to those who want a designer shoe,and can afford his prices.Choo also has a website where shoppers can view his ready-to-wear designs.The brand of Jimmy Choo has been comparable to top brands,like Channel,LV, etc.But it's still young and has a bright future.We can't imagine how hard it is for Choo to stand out in the worldwide fashion!He must have made greater efforts and had more difficulties than others.And so he did.So stop complaining about why good luck isn't always falling on you and devote yourselves to your work now.4.What is paragraph 1 written for?A.Comparing movies with fashion B.Showing the shoes are popularC.Introducing the following passage D.Attracting readers’ attention to shoes5.When he was young, Jimmy Choo________.A.had got no education B.showed his talent in making shoes.C.made himself a famous fashion designer.D.was born in China and then moved to Malaysia.6.Which of the following is the correct order about Jimmy Choo?a.He opened his shops around the world.b.His shoes appeared in Vogue magazine.c.He created his first pair of shoes.d.He had his workshop in London.e.Jimmy Choo Ltd.was set up.A.c-d-b-a-e B.c-b-d-e-a C.d-c-b-e-a D.c-d-b-e-a7.What can we learn from the passage?A.Choo was lucky enough when he was young.B.Choo must be thankful for Vogue magazine.C."Jimmy Choo"is a brand with a long history.D.It's much harder for a man to succeed in the fashion world.C15、阅读下列材料,从材料后所给各题的四个选项中选出最佳选项。

北京市崇文区08-09学年初三上学期期末考试数学试卷

北京市崇文区08-09学年初三上学期期末考试数学试卷

北京市崇文区08-09学年初三上学期期末考试数学试卷崇文区2022—2022年学年度第一学期期末统一练习初三数学2022.1一、选择题(本题共32分,每小题4分)1、下面四张扑克牌中,图案属于中心对称的是图中的()A.B.C.D.2、将抛物线y=2某2如何平移可得到抛物线y=2(某-4)2-1()A.向左平移4个单位,再向上平移1个单位B.向左平移4个单位,再向下平移1个单位C.向右平移4个单位,再向上平移1个单位D.向右平移4个单位,再向下平移1个单位3、一个布袋里装有3个红球、2个白球,每个球除颜色外均相同,从中任意摸出一个球,则摸出的球是红球的概率是()A.15B.25C.35D.234、方程某2某0的解是()A.某10,某21B.某10,某21C.某11,某21D.某1某215、下列说法正确的是().A.“彩票中奖的概率是1%”表示买100张彩票一定会中奖B.买100张彩票恰有一张中奖表示彩票中奖的概率是1%C.随机事件发生的可能性是50%D.“明天下雨的概率为80%”指的是明天下雨的可能性是80%∥B,且6、如图,在△ABC中,DEAE3cm,EC5cm,DE6cm。

则BC等于()A.10cmC.12cmB.16cmD.BADEC18cm57、在平面直角坐标系中,以点(2,3)为圆心,2为半径的圆必定()A.与某轴相离、与y轴相切B.与某轴相交、与y轴相切C.与某轴相切、与y轴相离D.与某轴相切、与y轴相交8、如图为二次函数ya某2b某c的图象,下列说法不正确的是()A.ac0B.方程a某b某c0的根为某11,某23C.abc0D.当某1时,y随着某的增大而增大二、填空题(本题共16分,每小题4分)9、如图,ABC和ABD都是圆O的内接三角形,且AD是直径。

则BADC等于.10、在△ABC中,D,E分别是AB和AC的中点,则△ADE与2y-1O3某△ABC的周长之比为,△ADE与△ABC的面积之比为.11、关于某的一元二次方程某2某m0有两个互不相等的实数根,则m的取值范围是.12、如图,在平面直角坐标系中,OAB是直角三角形,两条直角边的长分别是OB3,AB4。

北京市崇文区九年级语文第一学期期末统一练习 人教新课标版

北京市崇文区九年级语文第一学期期末统一练习 人教新课标版

北京市崇文区2009-2010学年度第一学期初三期末统一练习语文试卷考生须知 1. 本试卷分Ⅰ、Ⅱ两卷,六道大题,24道小题,满分120分。

考试时间150分钟。

2. 在试卷和答题卡上按要求认真填写和填涂学校名、班级名、姓名、考号。

3. 试题答案一律在答题卡上作答,试卷上答题无效。

4. 考试结束,请将答题卡交回。

第Ⅰ卷(共60分)一、下列各题均有四个选项,其中只有一个符合题意。

请在答题卡上用2B铅笔把正确答案对应的字母涂黑涂满。

(共10分。

每小题2分)1.下列词语中字形和加点字注音完全正确的一项是A.妖娆重蹈复辙祈祷(qǐ)唯唯连声(wéi)B.亵渎根深蒂固畸形(jī)抑扬顿挫(yì)C.旁鹜三顾茅庐拮据(jū)斤斤计较(jiǎo)D.箫索持之以恒卑鄙(bì)陟罚臧否(pǐ)2.下列各组的两个句子使用了同一个成语或俗语,成语或俗语使用都正确的一组是A.①遇到不明白的地方,小杨就会及时向老师请教,非要弄个水落石出才会满意。

②这位名侦探经过细致的观察,缜密的推理,使一个个悬案水落石出,真是让人佩服。

B.①一旦经济处于下滑状态,中小企业便首当其冲。

②要说位于我们区的风景名胜,首当其冲是天坛。

C.①校曲艺团的同学们抓紧时间练功,因为他们深知“曲不离口,拳不离手”的道理。

舞台上的辉煌来自舞台下长期的坚持不懈的艰辛付出。

②俗话说“曲不离口,拳不离手”,经过练习,吴红的英语口语、听力水平有了显著的提高。

D.①我们不应妄自菲薄自己的不足,也不应轻易满足自己的成绩。

②他妄自菲薄别人,在班里很孤立,大家都认为他是一个自负的人。

3.下列句子没有语病的一项是A.作者通过这个章节完美地塑造了美猴王勇于反抗天庭的举动。

B.从广大师生的表现中,说明大家对圆满完成国庆60周年的表演任务充满信心。

C.十一长假期间,大家一定要注意交通安全,防止不要发生意外事故。

D.在第二十七届北京学生科技节上,北京市十八个区县教委将首次同台展示科技教育取得的成果。

2022年北京市崇文区初三上学期期末统一练习数学试卷

2022年北京市崇文区初三上学期期末统一练习数学试卷

2022年北京市崇文区初三上学期期末统一练习数学试卷数学试卷2007.1一、选择题(本题共32分,每小题4分)在下列各题的四个备选答案中,只有一个是正确的。

1.如图所示,在△ABC中,DE//BC交AB、AC于点D、E,AE=1,AC=3,那么△ADE与△ABC面积的比为()A.1:2C.1:4B.1:3D.1:92.如图所示,在Rt△ABC中,C90°,DEAB于E,则下列等式成立的是()A.DEBCADACAEACAEABB.AEBEDEBCADCDADACC.D.3.经过点P(-1,2)的双曲线的解析式是()A.y2某某2B.y12某2某C.y513D.y4.在Rt△ABC中,C=90°,coBA.12B.10,AB26,则AC等于()C.24D.265.下列命题中,正确命题的个数为()(1)三点确定一个圆(2)相等的圆周角所对的弧相等(3)等弧所对的圆周角相等(4)平分弦的直径垂直于弦A.1B.2C.3D.46.如果两圆的半径分别为4和3,圆心距为7,那么这两圆的位置关系是()A.外离B.外切C.相交D.内切7.将一圆形纸片对折后再对折,得到图1,然后沿着图中的虚线剪开,得到两部分,其中一部分展开后的平面图形是()图1ABCD8.某同学从下边的二次函数y=a某2+b某+c的图象中,观察得出了下面的五条信息:①c=0②函数的最小值为-3③a-b+c<0④4a+b=0⑤b2-4ac>0。

你认为其中正确信息的条数有()A.5条B.4条C.3条D.2条二、填空题(本题共16分,每小题4分)9.已知ab32,则abb_____________。

10.如图所示,圆O是△ABC的外接圆,∠ACO=30°,则∠B=_____________°。

11.将抛物线y=2某向右平移1个单位,再向上平移2个单位所得抛物线的解析式为_____________。

2212.一个口袋中装有4个白球,2个红球,6个黄球,摇匀后随机从中摸出一个球是白球的概率是_____________。

北京市崇文区2019—2020学年度第一学期期末统一测试初三化学doc初中化学

北京市崇文区2019—2020学年度第一学期期末统一测试初三化学doc初中化学

北京市崇文区2019—2020学年度第一学期期末统一测试初三化学doc 初中化学2018.1可能用到的相对原子质量:H-1 C-12 O-16 Na-23 Al-27 S-32 K-39 Fe-56 Cu-64 一、选择题〔每题只有1个选项符合题意。

共25个小题,每题1分,共25分。

〕 1. 地壳中含量最多的金属元素是 A .氧 B .硅C .铝D .铁2.以下图标中,表示〝禁止烟火〞的是3.以下物质名称所对应的化学式正确的选项是A .氧化镁 MgO 2B .硫酸铜 Cu 2SO 4C .氯化锌 ZnCl 2D .硝酸钾 K 2NO 3 4. 牛奶含钙量高,那个地点的〝钙〞通常指的是A .钙分子B .钙原子C .钙元素D .钙单质 5. 以下不属于...氧气用途的是 A .潜水 B .医疗急救 C .气焊 D .灭火 6.以下属于干冰用途的是A .人工降雨B .清洁能源C .工业炼铁D .制大理石7. 进入冬季,市政府有关部门提醒大伙儿,冬季燃煤要专门注意室内通风,以免造成人员中毒。

那个地点的有毒气体要紧是指A .氮气B .氧气C .二氧化碳D .一氧化碳 8. 水是由氢、氧两种元素组成,这两种元素的本质区不是A .中子数不同B .质子数不同C .电子层数不同D .最外层电子数不同9. 以下图是两种气体发生反应的微观示意图,其中相同的球代表同种原子。

以下讲法正确的选项是A .分子在化学变化中不可分B .反应后生成了两种新的化合物C .该反应属于分解反应 D.化学反应前后原子的种类不变考生 须知1.本试卷共四道大题,35个小题。

总分值80分。

考试时刻100分钟。

2.请将答案填涂或书写在答题卡上,题号要对应,填写要规范。

考试终止后,仅将答题卡交回。

10.保持二氧化碳化学性质的粒子是A.二氧化碳分子B.碳原子C.氧原子D.氧分子和碳原子11. 以下图所示实验差不多操作正确的选项是12.金属钛〔Ti〕是重要的航空航天材料。

  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。

崇文区第一学期初三期末统一练习物理一、下列各小题均有四个选项。

其中只有一个符合题意。

(共28分。

每小题2分)1、在国际单位制中,功的单位是( )A.m(米) B.N(牛) C.W(瓦) D J(焦)2、下列数据中,比较符合实际情况的是( )A.一支铅笔的长度约为50cmB.教室天花板到地面的距离约为3mC.一个鸡蛋所受的重力约为5ND.一件普通衬衫的质量约为2kg3、我国已成功实现了两次载人航天飞行。

飞船进入预定轨道后,当航天员被固定在飞船座椅上休息时,下列说法正确的是( )A.以飞船为参照物航天员是静止的B.以地面为参照物航天员是静止的C.以太阳为参照物飞船是静止的D.以飞船为参照物航天员是运动的4、在图l中,四种简单机械使用时,能省力的是( )5、运动员可在10s内跑完100m,公路上的汽车速度是54km/h,羚羊速度可达20m/s.三者速度最快的是( )A.运动员B.汽车C.羚羊D.一样快6、甲、乙两个用同种材料制成的物体,甲、乙的体积之比是4:1,则甲、乙物体的质量之比是( )A.1:1 B.1:4 C.4:1 D.16:17、如图2所示小文用物理知识对运动场上的一些场景进行分析,正确的是( )A.王浩踢出去的足球在草地上滚动时会慢慢停下来.是因为足球不受力的作用B.张红百米冲线后没有立即停下来,是因为没有受到阻力的作用C.张彦做引体向上静止不动时,他对单杠的拉力和他受的重力是一对平衡力D.李宁正在跳高.当他腾跃到最高点时,重力势能最大8、超市的自动扶梯把小明从一层匀速送到二层的过程中,小明的( )A.动能减小,势能增大,机械能不变B.动能增大,势能增大,机械能增大C.动能不变,势能增大,机械能增大D.动能不变,势能不变,机械能不变9、汽油机是由四个冲程不断循环而工作的,图3中表示内能转化为机械能的冲程是( )10、流体的流速与压强的关系是( )A.流速越大压强越大B.流速越大压强越小C.压强与流速无关D.无法确定11、如图4所示,是某小组成员利用能连续闪光的数码照相机拍摄到的四张小球运动的照片,其中受到平衡力作用的小球是( )12、小刚买了一瓶果酱,可是怎么也拧不开玻璃瓶上的铁皮盖。

爸爸让小刚用螺丝刀沿瓶盖的边轻轻撬了几下,再一拧瓶盖就打开了。

这主要是因为 ( )A .增大瓶盖直径,减小瓶盖侧壁对瓶的摩擦力B .瓶盖的外表面变租糙,增大手对瓶盖的摩擦力C .外面的空气进到瓶中,减小瓶内外气体对瓶盖的压力羞D .瓶盖与瓶口的接触面积变小,减小瓶盖侧壁对瓶的压力13、平放在水平桌面上的三个实心正方体对桌面的压强相同。

它们的密度分别为ρ1、ρ2和ρ3,且ρ1>ρ2>ρ3。

则这三个正方体对桌面的压力F1、F2、F3的大小关系为 ( )A .F1=F2=F3B . Fl<F2<F3C . F1>F2>F3D .不能确定14、一个竖直放置在水平桌面上的圆柱形容器,内装密度为ρ的液体。

将木块B放入该液体中,静止后木块B 露出液面的体积与其总体积之比为7:12,把金属块A放在木块B 上面,木块B 刚好没入液体中(如图5所示)。

若已知金属块A 的体积与木块B 的体积之比为9:24,则金属块A 的密度为 ( )A . 914ρ B .149ρ C .125ρ D .512ρ二、下列各小题均有四个选项,其中至少有两个符合题意。

(共12分,每小题3分。

错选、多选不得分,选不全的得2分)15、能量转化是非常普遍的现象,下列关于能量转化的叙述中正确的是 ( )A .洗衣机甩干衣服时,将内能转化为机械能B .内燃机的做功冲程,将机城能转化为内能C .煤在炉灶中燃烧时,将化学能转化为内能D .用电热水器烧水时,将电能转化为内能16、关于内能和分子动理论,下列说法正确的是 ( )A .扩散现象表明,分子在不停地做无规则运动B .只有物体吸热,物体的内能才能改变C .分子问有相互作用的引力和斥力D .铁块很难被压缩,说明分子间有引力17、如图6所示的杠杆每小格的长度相等,质量不计,O 为支点,物体A 是边长为0.1m 的正立方体。

当杠杆右侧挂一个重4N 的物体B 时,杠杆在水平位置平衡。

此时物体A 对水平桌面的压强为300Pa 。

下列说法正确的是 ( )A .物体A 受到的支持力为2NB .物体A 受到的重力为5NC .物体B 向右移动l 小格,物体A 受到的拉力减小1ND .物体B 向右移动l 小格,物体A 受到的支持力减小1N18、质量是10kg 的物体A 放在水平桌面上,利用图7所示的装置使物体A 以1m /s 的速度做匀速直线运动,弹簧测力计始终保持水平,不计绳重、绳的伸长和滑轮组内部的摩擦,则( )A .水平桌面对物体A 的摩擦力为10.8NB .作用在绳端的拉力F 为3.6NC .在1s 内拉力F 做功5.4JD .拉力F 的功率为10.8w三、填空题(共14分。

每空2分)19、用热水袋能取暖,这表明通过___________方式可以改变物体的内能。

20、学校组织郊游,善于观察的小文看到汽车上显示速度和路程的表盘上指针位置几乎不动,示数如图8甲所示。

汽车行驶了一段时问后,表盘示数变为图8乙所示,那么这段行驶时间为__________h。

21.如图9所示,为了保证长江航道的畅通,三峡工程修筑了五级船闸.这是利用了________的原理。

22、上美术课时,小文画的静物素描要修改一下,他用橡皮轻轻地擦,没有擦干净,然后他稍使点劲就擦干净了,这是通过增大_________的方法来增大橡皮与纸之间的摩擦。

23、一名质量是70kg的伞兵,他随身所带的全部装备总质量是20kg,当他匀速下落时,受到的空气阻力是___________N。

24、如图10所示,物体甲静止在水平地面上,对地面的压强是5.4×105Pa。

有一重力可忽略不计的杠杆AB,支点为O,且OA:OB=2:1。

将甲挂在杠杆的B端,在A端施40N竖直向下的拉力时,杠杆在水平位置平衡.此时物体甲对地面的压强变为1.8 x 105Pa。

当物体甲对地面的压力刚好为零时,在杠杆A端应施________N竖直向下的拉力。

25、“水中救险”是拓展训练营的一个项目,参赛选手用一张质量分布均匀的长方形床垫,其总体积为0.3m3。

将床垫放入水中时,床垫有1/3体积浸没在水中。

若被救者的平均质量为50kg,且要求被救者不得浸入水中。

该床垫上一次最多能救起________个人。

(g取10N/kg)四、实验探究题(共30分)26、如图11所示,木块的长度为_________cm。

27、如图12所示,弹簧测力计的示数为_____________N。

28、水平冰面上有一重为300N的雪橇.受到的拉力为35N,方向与水平面成30°角。

请在图13中画出雪橇所受到拉力的示意图。

29、如图14所示是一办公桌,小文想用最小的力将左端稍稍抬离地面,请画出这个力的方向和这个力的力臂,并用O表明这个“杠杆”的支点。

30、图15是某物体做直线运动时的速度随时间变化的图线,请根据图线判断,该物体做匀速直线运动所用的时间是________s。

31、下面是用小瓶、水、天平和砝码测量酱油密度的实验步骤,请你补充完整:(1)用天平测出____________的质量m。

;(2)在小瓶中倒满水,用天平测出总质量m1,则瓶中水的质量为________;(3)将水倒出,再往小瓶中倒满____________,用天平测出总质量m2;(4)由上面测出的数据,算出酱油的密度,表达式为ρ=_______ρ水。

32、一位物理实验小组的同学利用一只可乐瓶与一只乒乓球做“研究浮力产生原因”的实验,如图16所示。

将塑料可乐瓶剪去底部,把乒乓球放在瓶内,从上面倒入水,观察到有少量水从乒乓球与瓶颈缝隙中流出(图甲),但乒乓球并不上浮,这说明了______________ 。

若用手堵住瓶口(图乙),可观察到乒乓球浮起,这说明_____________________________。

33、图17甲是研究“物体动能的大小与哪些因素有关”的实验装置,实验中让同一钢球从斜面上不同的高度由静止滚下,碰到同一木块上。

图17乙是研究“牛顿第一定律”的实验装置,实验中让同一小车从斜面上相同的高度由静止滑下,在粗糙程度不同的平面上运动。

请回答以下问题:(1)设计甲实验的目的是研究钢球动能的大小与________的关系;设计乙实验的目的是研究运动的小车与所受______________的关系。

(2)甲实验是通过被钢球推动的_____________的大小,说明钢球对木块做功的多少,从而判断钢球动能的大小;乙实验是通过小车在粗糙程度不同的平面上运动的远近,推理得出:在理想情况下,运动的物体如果__________,将保持匀速直线运动。

(3)我们知道物体的质量和它的速度都能影响物体的动能,请在下面的横线上写出怎样研究物体的动能与质量的关系___________________________________。

34、探究影响浮力大小因素的实验中,某小组做了如图18所示的一些实验,请你选出一些图示的实验,针对某一个因素进行探究,根据弹簧测力计的示鼗,说明你的探究结果。

35、在做“测滑轮组机械效率”的实验中,小强和同学们组装了如图19所示的甲、乙两个滑轮组(每只滑轮重都相同,不计摩擦和绳重)。

(1)对于甲图所示的滑轮组,如果没有刻度尺,只要测出钩码重G,然后竖直向上匀速拉动弹簧测力计使钩码升高,从弹簧测力计上读出拉力值F,即可算出该滑轮组的机械效率η=___________。

(2)在物重相同的条件下,比较甲、乙两滑轮组的机械效率,可知η甲______η乙(选填:>、<或=)。

(3)小强猜想,对手同一滑轮组(例如图乙),它的机械效率也可能不是固定的,你认为小强应如何通过实验验证他的猜想?答:_________________________________________36、如图20是某同学用一根弹簧、一块硬纸板、一个挂钩自制的弹簧测力计。

(1)怎样标出此测力计的刻度值,说出你需要的器材和办法。

(2)如果此测力计的量程为3N,现给你一把不计重力的米尺,能否测出重约5N的物体的重力,说出你的办法。

五、简答、计算题(共16分J解题要求:(1)简答题要求写清楚依据、说明和结论。

(2)计算题写出主要的依据公式或变形公式并代入数据。

(3)凡有数字运算的题目。

过程和结果都要写明单位。

37、(3分)如图2l所示,请根据所学过的物理知识,说明图钉形状设计上的科学道理。

38、(4分)水库大堤在水面下出现孔洞时,水从洞中涌出形成“管涌”。

“管涌”会损毁堤坝,甚至造成堤坝决口。

相关文档
最新文档