武汉大学英语考试试卷
武汉大学英语试题及答案a卷
武汉大学英语试题及答案a卷一、听力理解（共20分）1. What does the man mean by saying "It's not my day"?A. He's feeling very tired.B. He's having bad luck.C. He's not feeling well.D. He's not working today.2. What does the woman imply by saying "I'm all ears"?A. She's bored.B. She's eager to listen.C. She's not interested.D. She's busy.3. What is the man's opinion about the movie?A. It's too long.B. It's very exciting.C. It's boring.D. It's educational.4. Why does the woman refuse the man's offer?A. She doesn't like the color.B. She doesn't need it.C. She doesn't like the style.D. She's already got one.5. What are the speakers mainly talking about?A. A trip.B. A book.C. A movie.D. A restaurant.二、阅读理解（共30分）Passage 1In this passage, the author discusses the importance of environmental protection. The article highlights the consequences of pollution and the need for sustainable practices.6. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Environmental protection is crucial.B. Pollution is a minor issue.C. Sustainable practices are unnecessary.D. The consequences of pollution are unknown.7. According to the passage, which of the following is a result of pollution?A. Improved air quality.B. Increased biodiversity.C. Loss of wildlife habitats.D. Reduced energy consumption.8. What does the author suggest as a solution to environmental problems?A. Ignoring the issue.B. Implementing sustainable practices.C. Relying on technology alone.D. Waiting for natural processes to correct the problem.Passage 2This passage is about the history of the internet and its impact on society. It explores the origins of the internet and how it has transformed communication, business, and education.9. When was the internet first developed?A. In the 1960s.B. In the 1970s.C. In the 1980s.D. In the 1990s.10. Which of the following is NOT an impact of the internet on society?A. Faster communication.B. Increased privacy concerns.C. The rise of e-commerce.D. A decline in the use of landlines.11. What does the author believe about the future of the internet?A. It will become obsolete.B. It will continue to evolve.C. It will be replaced by a new technology.D. It will have no further impact on society.三、完形填空（共20分）In this section, you will read a short passage with blanks. Choose the best word from the four options to complete the passage.12. A: I'm really worried about the final exam.B: Don't ________. Just do your best.A. give upB. worryC. hurryD. forget13. The ________ of the old building was completed last year.A. constructionB. destructionC. protectionD. renovation14. She has a ________ for classical music.A. passionB. fearC. dislikeD. doubt15. The company is ________ a new product.A. developingB. testingC. sellingD. advertising四、翻译（共15分）Translate the following sentences into English.16. 随着科技的发展，我们的生活变得越来越方便。
武汉大学研究生英语期末试题-2010(含答案及评分)
English Examination for Graduates (Paper A)(January 18th, 2010)I.Listening Comprehension (20%)Directions: In this part, you are going to listen to four passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passages and the questions will be read only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.1. A. Because they don’t know the custom.B. Because they emphasize equality of the sexes.C. Because it’s customary for ladies to push chairs for men at a dinner table in America.D. Because usually the host or hostess pushes the chairs for women at a dinner table .2. A. Americans hold the knife in the right hand and the fork in the left while Europeans dothe opposite.B. Americans use both hands while Europeans use only one hand when eating.C. Europeans hold the knife in the right hand and the fork in the left while Americans dothe opposite.D. Europeans keep the knife in the right hand and the fork in the left while Americans usejustone hand and keep the other one on their lap.3. A. Europeans are more apt to drink coffee after the meal while Americans between bites.B. Americans are more apt to drink coffee after the meal while Europeans between bites.C. Americans drink coffee before the meal while Europeans after the meal.D. Europeans drink coffee before the meal while Americans after the meal.4. A. Leaving a spoon in a soup bowl or a coffee cup.B. Leaving a spoon in any dish.C. Putting a coffee spoon on the saucer or a soup spoon on the service table.D. Putting all the spoons on the tablecloth.5. A. As long as you like. B. Two or three hours.C. As long as the host and hostess ask.D. Less than one hour.Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.6. A. Indifferent. B. Positive. C. Negative. D. Neutral.7. A. Discipline, discovery, mutuality, locality, potentiality, enhancement.B. Discipline, discovery, mutuality, locality, historicity, enhancement.C. Discovery, mutuality, locality, historicity, potentiality, enhancement.D. Sustainability, discovery, mutuality, locality, potentiality, enhancement.8. A. It believes that the community is only a socially constructed experience.B. It believes that the community is only an ecologically grounded place.C. It denies conflicts among stakeholder groups.D. It is a community tourism planning approach uniting the themes of social development andecological sustainability.9. A. Because it not only generates hospitality that helps make a community a desirabledestination, but also helps share scarce resources.B. Because it helps mitigate conflicts arising over resource distribution and use.C. Because it respects individual perspectives.D. Because it provides capital to tourism community.10.A. Sustainable Tourism. B. Travel Ecology.C. Sustainable Tourism Models.D. Community Tourism Models.Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.11.A. Because they don’t know the relationship between tobacco and disease.B. Because they have a strong inclination to smoke.C. Because they have been forbidden to smoke by the governments.D. Because there were no institutions which persuade them not to smoke.12.A. Because they are unusually subject to cigarette advertising.B. Because tobacco taxes take up a large part of their revenue.C. Because they don’t think tobacco can do harm to people’s mind.D. Because they are innocent of the link between tobacco and disease.13.A. Cigarette advertising only appeals to the young men.B. Cigarette advertising appeals to adults.C. Cigarette advertising is attractive to people who already smoke.D. Cigarette advertising also appeals to kids.14.A. Because they regard smoking as a symbol of sexual ability and even success.B. Because they are addicted to nicotine.C. Because they want to get more tobacco taxes.D. Because they regard smoking as a kind of sports.15.A. Smoking and tobacco taxes. B. Smoking in developing countries.C. Smoking and cigarette advertising.D. Tobacco industry.Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.16.A. Putting a roof on a barn. B. Harvesting water reedsC. Using stone as a building materialD. Daily farm operations17.A. Clay tiles. B. Slate or stone.C. Wooden shingles.D. Reeds or straw.18.A. Later colonists did not know how to thatch.B. Thatching was considered dangerous.C. Other roofing materials were available.D. Thatching was unsuitable for the climate.19.A. It’s manufactured to be strong. B. It bends without breaking.C. Thatchers nail it down securely.D. The winds can pass through it easily.20.A. If people had more time to learn how to do it.B. If its cost went down.C. If it could make buildings more attractive.D. If people realized its many advantages.II. Vocabulary (25%)Directions: There are 25 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the center.21. We have a certain stereotypical ______ of a person from a culture and we interpret his/herbehaviour according to this preconception, whether or not the reason for the behaviour is what we think it.A. connotationB. preconceptionC. recuperationD. ambiguity22. Gap in educational investment across regions will ______ the national economic developmentas a whole.A. warrantB. rationC. thwartD. retard23. Opening the labor market might risk some increase in inequality in wages at least in the shortrun, as the wages of skilled workers are ________.A. bid forB. bid onC. bid upD. bid to24. The market will goods that yield social benefits in excess of private benefits and willconsequently produce too few of these goods.A. undervalueB. devalueC. underweightD. value25. You have taken a ______ hatred to Peter; and you are unreasonably angry with me because Iwon’t hate him.A. perseveringB. perverseC. perfectD. previous26. One of the conditions of ______ is that you must keep the land under cultivation.A. tenantB. terminalC. temperamentD. tenure27. Even the increase proposed will put pressure on Congress to hold down other spending or dipinto funds for Social Security.A. markedB. commissionedC. earmarkedD. commanded28. Unfortunately, what the farmers had gained in the autumn harvest was ______by the heavylosses caused by a snowstorm in the winter.A. offsetB. optimizedC. subsidizedD. unleashed29. The Arabs, on the other hand, coming from a culture where much closer distance is the norm,may be feeling that the Americans are being _______.A. friendlyB. warmC. standoffishD. selfish30. Most little children want a dog or a cat, and they continually ______ their mothers and fathersuntil they get one. It is only when the sweet little thing has been brought home that the parents realize how much time a nd money must be spent on “Tom” or “B ill”.A. peterB. pesterC. worryD. whine31. As television, and to an extent the internet have _____further through our society, the effectsare perhaps more significant than even we realize.A. perpetuatedB. persecutedC. persistedD. permeated32. “John has no______. So when his parents passed away, he inherited everything from thefamily---properties, bank savings, stocks and a big ho use. He’s really living on easy street.”A. siblingsB. soberingsC. sibilantsD. stillbirths33. Great efforts have been made to coordinate unemployment ______ and economic developmentthroughout the country.A. aggravationB. exaggerationC. eliminationD. alleviation34. Upon this, Jones began to beg earnestly to be let into this secret, and faithfully promised not to ______ it.A. divulgeB. dispenseC. dissolveD. disperse35. In Sudan, deforestation in the last decade led to a quadrupling of the time women spentgathering fuel wood. This stimulated efforts to promote _______ .A. deforestationB. afforestationC. forestsD. forestry36. In Egypt, I saw the pyramids and the damaged face of the Sphinx, smiling a (an)_______ smile.An amazing journey!A. incuriousB. sweetC. incredulousD. inscrutable37. There was so much pain there, _______ caused by both sides over the years. I didn’t want tohurt them, nor they me, but the harm had done and it was irreversible.A. invisiblyB. inappreciablyC. inadvertentlyD. inadequately38. Nobody will support such a government that ______ on the rights of individuals.A. encroachesB. invadesC. involvesD. interrupts39. The development of national ______ will be sped up if its officials at all levels become moreconscious of its significance in economic growth.A. substructureB. portfolioC. infrastructureD. asset40. With the rapid development of modern society, the ______ of the ancient civilization in thetown is being erased step by step.A. prestigeB. vestigeC. fameD. symptom41. The ______ of “white” in Chinese includes something unhappy. At funerals, Chinese payrespect to the dead and express their sorrow by wearing white. In the West, however, white is the traditional color for the bride at weddings, and to wear white at funerals would be offensive.A. configurationB. conjunctionC. connotationD. connection42. When people can’t explain a new phenomenon using their knowl edge, they will firstly try tounderstand the new phenomenon using the logic reference of______.A. comparisonB. analysisC. counterpartD. analogy43. He has more endurance; he can swim longer and ______ a canoe better than any of his people.A. conquerB. dominateC. steerD. lead44.There’s this new girl coming to my school, and I like her a lot. I want to _____ our friendshipbefore I start a serious relationship.A. cementB. limeC. clayD. concrete45._______implies an active choice to cling to something, not passively being carried along outof inability to imagine anything else.A. TenancyB. TenacityC. TendencyD. TensionIII. Reading Comprehension (20%)Directions: Read the following passages and choose the best answer to each question.Passage 1Science fiction (SF) can provide students interested in the future with a basic introduction tothe concept of thinking about the possible futures in a serious way, a sense of emotional forces intheir own culture that are affecting the shape the future may take, and a multitude of extrapolations (prediction) regarding the results of present trends . There is one particular type of story that can be especially valuable as a stimulus to discussion of these issues both in courses on the future and in social science courses in general----the story which presents well-worked-out, detailed societies that differ significantly from the society of the reader. In fact, whatever the reliability of its predictions, SF is actually a more important vehicle for speculative visions about macroscopic social change. At this level, it is hard to deal with any precision as to when general value changes or evolving social institutions might appear, but it is most important to think about the kinds of societies that could result from the rise of new forms of interaction, even if one cannot predict exactly when they might occur.In performing this “what if …”function, SF can act as a social laboratory as authors ruminate upon (think about) the forms social relationships could take if key variables in their own societies were different, and upon what new belief systems or mythologies could arise in the future to provide the basic rationalizations for human activities. If it is true that more people find it difficult to conceive of the ways in which their society, or human nature itself, could undergo fundamental changes, then SF of this type may provoke one’s imagination to consider the diversity of paths potentially open to society.Moreover, if SF is the laboratory of the imagination, its experiments are often of the kind that may significantly alter the subject matter even as they are being carried out. That is, SF has always had a certain cybernetic effect on society, as its visions emotionally engage the future-consciousness of the mass public regarding especially desirable and undesirable possibilities. The shape a society takes in the present is in part influenced by its image of the future; in this way particularly powerful SF images may become self-fulfilling or self-avoiding prophecies for society. For that matter, some individuals in recent years have even shaped their own life-styles after appealing models provided by SF stories. The reincarnation (reappearance) and diffusion of SF futuristic images of alternative societies through the media of movies and television may have speeded up an augmented SF’s social feedback effects. Thus SF is not only change speculator but change agent, sending an echo form the future that is becoming into the present that is sculpting it. This fact alone makes imperative in any education system the study of the kinds of works discussed in this section.It must be noted that this perspective of SF has been questioned by some critics. It is often pointed out that, however ingenious they may be about future technologies, many SF writers exhibit an impact conservative bias in their stories, insofar as social projections (new ideas ) are either ignored or based on variations of the present status quo or of historical social systems reshuffled whole-cloth into the future. Robert Bloch has conveniently summarized the kind of future society presented by the average SF writer as consisting of a totalitarian state in which psychochemical techniques (the use of mind- altering drugs) keep the populace quiet; an underground which the larger-than-life hero can join; and scientists who gladly turn over their discoveries to those in power. Such tales covertly assume that human nature as we know it will remain stable and that twentieth-century Anglo-American culture and moral values, especially traditional economic incentives, will continue to dominate the world. Most SF authors have found it as hard as most other mortals to extrapolate (guess)social mores different from those operating within their own milieu (environment), so that, it has been charged, far from preparing the reader for future shock, SF is a literature that comfortably and smugly reassures him that the future willnot be radically different from the present.There is much truth to this analysis of SF. It is not easy to explain why so many stories seem to take as their future social settings nothing more ambiguous than the current status quo or its totally evil variant. Part of the answer may be that many authors of commercial SF writing received their professional training in science and engineering prior to World War II and were therefore not equipped or inclined to devise sophisticated social backgrounds in their plots. Be that as it may, the situation has changed dramatically in recent decades. There are an increasing number of stories which explicitly assume that future social patterns of family, government, religion, and the like need not be exactly the same as those of the present and that the forces which motivate men may also be subject to change. It is from such stories, and their predecessors in classical SF, that one may study examples of the impact of SF on the individual and collective imagination.46. Science fiction shows us happen in the future.A. what mayB. what must c. when changes will D. what we wish to47. Science fiction plays an important role in .A. forming social value and institutionsB. providing the basic rationalizations for human activitiesC. predicting the future societyD. providing the possible vision of social change in macro-scope48. A self-fulfilling prophecy is one that .A. predicts something unpleasantB. predicts something pleasantC. helps prediction to come trueD. does not come true49. Science fiction images will surely .A. influence the images of the present society partiallyB. influence the images of the present society negativelyC. influence the images of the present society positivelyD. influence the images of the present society imperatively50. The author’s opinion appears to be that SF .A. has little to offer societyB. can help to shape the way we behave in the present societyC. is always conservativeD. is unable to prepare the reader for future shock51. The inability of some SF writers to imagine alternative forms of society wasdue to their professional training.A. possiblyB. definitelyC. occasionallyD. known to be52. The author thinks the criticism that SF writers usually show a conservative biasis .A. justB. unjustC. becoming less true than it wasD. only true of classical SF53. In some critics’ eyes, classical science fiction is a literature .A. that displays the radically different social images in the futureB. that reveals what science fiction writers sincerely believedC. that does not show totally imaginary images of the future societyD. that informs readers of the future society54. The author’s main aim would seem to be to show how useful SF can be to .A. politiciansB. scientistsC. cyberneticistsD. students55. The overall tone of the piece is best described as .A. ironicB. humorousC. indignantD. informativePassage 21 Many years ago trying to help people with every kind of trouble left me with one sure conviction: In case after case the difficulty could have been overcome --- or might never have arisen --- if the people involved had just treated one another with common courtesy.2 Courtesy, politeness, good manners --- call it what you will, the supply never seems to equal the demand. “It’s not so much what my husband says,” a tearful wife confides, “as the way he says it. Why does he have to yell at me?”“I hate my boss,” a grim-faced office worker mutters. “He never shows appreciation for anything.”“All we get from our teenagers,” a harassed parent says, “is a sullen surliness.”3 Such complaints are not limited to people who sit in my study. Human beings everywhere hunger for courtesy. “Good manners,” said Ralph Waldo Emerson, “are the happy way of doing things.” And the reverse is equally true. Bad manners can ruin a day --- or wreck a friendship.4 What are the basic ingredients of good manners? Certainly a strong sense of justice is one; courtesy is often nothing more than a highly developed sense of fair play. A friend once told me of driving along a one-lane, unpaved mountain road. Ahead was another car that produced clouds of choking dust, and it was a long way to the nearest paved highway. Suddenly, at a wider place, the car ahead pulled off the road. Thinking that its owner might have engine trouble, my friend stopped and asked if anything was wrong. “No,” said the other driver. “But you’ve endured my dust this far; I’ll put up with yours the rest of the way.” There was a man with manners, and an innate sense of fair play.5 Another ingredient of courtesy is empathy, a quality that enables a person to see into the mind or heart of someone else, to understand the pain or unhappiness there and to do something to minimize it. Recently in a book about a famous restaurant chain I came across such an episode.6 A man dining alone was trying to unscrew the cap of a bottle of catsup but his fingers were so badly crippled by arthritis that he couldn’t do it. He asked a young busboy to help him. The boy took the bottle, turned his back momentarily and loosened the cap without difficulty. Then he tightened it again. Turning back to the man, he feigned a great effort to open the bottle without success. Finally he took it into the kitchen and returned shortly, saying that he had managed to loosen it --- but only with a pair of pliers. What impelled the boy to take so much trouble to spare the feelings of a stranger? Courtesy, compassionate courtesy.7 Yet another component of politeness is the capacity to treat all people alike, regardless of all status or importance. Even when you have doubts about some people, act as if they are worthy of your best manners. You may also be astonished to find out that they really are.8 I truly believe that anyone can improve his or her manners by doing 3 things. First, by practicing courtesy. All skills require constant repetition to become second nature; good manners are no exception.9 One simple way is to concentrate on your performance in a specific area for about a week. Telephone manners, for example. How often do you talk too long, speak abruptly, and fail to identify yourself, keep people waiting, display impatience with the operator or fail to return a call?10 One difficult but essential thing to remember is to refuse to let other people’s bad manners goad you into retaliating in kind. I recall a story told by a young man who was in a car with hisfather one night when a driver in an oncoming vehicle failed to dim his lights. “Give him the brights, Dad!”the young man urged in exasperation. “Son,”replied the father, “that driver is certainly discourteous and probably stupid. But if I give him the brights he’ll be discourteous, stupid and blind --- and that’s a combination I don’t want to tangle with!”11 The second requirement for improving your manners is to think in a courteous way. In the long run, the kind of person you are is the result of what you’ve been thinking over the past 20 or 30 years. If your thoughts are predominantly self-directed, a discourteous person is what you will be. If on the other hand you train yourself to be considerate of others, if you can acquire the habit of identifying with their problems and hopes and fears, good manners will follow almost automatically.12 Nowhere is thinking courtesy more important than in marriage. In the intimacy of the home it is easy to displace disappointment or frustration or anger onto the nearest person, and that person is often a husband or wife.13 “When you feel your anger getting out of control,” I have often said to married couples, “force yourself for the next ten minutes to treat your married partner as if he or she were a guest in your home,” I knew that if they could impose just 10 minutes of good manners on themselves, the worst of the storm would blow over.14 Finally, to have good manners you must be able to accept courtesy, receive it gladly, rejoice when it comes your way. Strangely, some people are suspicious of gracious treatment. They suspect the other person of having some ulterior motive.15 But some of the most precious gifts in life come with no strings attached. You can’t achieve a beautiful day through any effort on your part. You can’t buy a sunset or even the scent of a rose. Those are the world’s courtesies to us, offered with love and no thought of reward or return. Good manners are, or should be, like that.16 In the end, it all comes down to how you regard people --- not just people in general, but individuals. Life is full of minor irritations and trials and injustices. The only constant, daily, effective solution is politeness --- which is the golden rule in action. I think that if I were allowed to add one small beatitude as a footnote to the other it might be: Blessed are the courteous.(1048 words)56.In Para.1, the underlined part “one sure conviction” is the closest in meaning to ______.A. a convinced beliefB. an assured thoughtC. a definite evidenceD. a deep idola57.Courtesy is important to human relationships for the reason that _________.A.it can help people avoid troublesB.it can eliminate complaintsC.people need to be treated politelyD.it is so scarce58.In the first sentence of Para.10, there is a word “retaliating”. Which of the following do youthink is similar to it?A.guidingB. imitatingC. stimulatingD. revenging59.In the author’s opinion, courtesy is a matter of __________.A.how you control yourselfB. how you look at other peopleC. how you compromiseD. how you communicate with others60.Which of the following statements is not mentioned in the passage?A.Good manners are the golden rule in interpersonal relationships.B.People are often easy to get out of control in front of their intimate persons.C.People can be directed by their thoughts about what kind of persons they will be.D.Bad manners account for part of the difficulty of interpersonal relationships.61.Courtesy is especially important in marriage, because ___________.A.the intimacy of family life makes people forget mannersB.people tend to be rude to their husband or wifeC.husband and wife are disappointed with each otherD.at home people have more difficulties62.In paragraph 14, the underlined part “rejoice when it comes your way” means ________.A.take it for granted when you meet itB.behave happily when it happens to youC.enjoy it when it stands on your wayD.refuse it in your deep heart when you come across it63.Which of the following is not true of courtesy?A.Courtesy is offered without expecting return.B.Courtesy is the happy way of doing things.C.Courtesy is an innate quality rather than a learnt skill.D.Courtesy should be applied to every individual.64.In paragraph. 15, what does the author mean by saying “with no strings attached”?A.without extra costB.without concern or consciousnessC.without additional thoughts about return or rewardD.without motives and expectations.65.Which of the following is not mentioned as the basic ingredients of good manners?A.The capacity to treat all people alike.B.The quality to understand the pain or unhappiness of others.C. A strong sense of fair play.D. A feeling of compassion and self-control.IV. Translation (15%)Part A Directions: Translate the following sentences into English. (7%)1. 中国是个大国，百分之八十的人口从事农业，但耕地只占土地面积的十分之一，其余为山脉、森林、城镇和其他用地。
武汉大学硕士生英语期末考试试卷真题扫描版
武汉大学硕士生英语期末考试试卷真题扫描版武汉大学硕士生英语期末考试试卷真题扫描版武汉大学是一所享有盛誉的高等学府，其英语教育水平一直处于国内领先地位。
每学期，武汉大学都会对硕士生进行英语期末考试，以确保学生的英语能力达到学校的要求。
以下是武汉大学硕士生英语期末考试试卷真题扫描版，供读者参考。
一、选择题1、The train _____ in an hour. A. leaves B. left C. is leavingD. will leave 答案：A 解析：根据时间状语“in an hour”可知，本题应使用一般将来时。
2、--- Shall we go for a walk? --- _____. A. It's a good ideaB. That's all rightC. You're welcomeD. Not at all 答案：A 解析：根据问句“shall we...”可知，本题应回答肯定回答，即“It'sa good idea”是正确答案。
3、--- How was your trip to Beijing? --- _____. A. It was greatB. It was terribleC. Yes, it was greatD. No, it was terrible 答案：A 解析：根据问句“How was your trip to Beijing?”可知，本题应回答“It was great”。
二、阅读理解4、The passage mainly discusses the relationship between language and culture. 答案：TRUE 解析：本文主要讨论语言和文化之间的关系，说明语言反映文化，文化影响语言。
41、The word "etiquette" in the passage refers to good manners. 答案：TRUE 解析：根据文章第二段中的句子“etiquette is a code of behavior that is based on rules of good manners”可知，“etiquette”指的是良好的礼仪。
武汉大学研究生英语期末考试选择题(附参考答案)
武汉大学研究生英语期末考试选择题(附参考答案)2022年挑选题21. We have a certain stereotypical ______ of a person from a culture and weinterpret his/her behaviour according to this preconception, whether or not the reason for the behaviour is what we think it.A. connotationB. preconceptionC. recuperationD. ambiguity22. Gap in educational investment across regions will ______ the nationaleconomic development as a whole.A. warrantB. rationC. thwartD. retard23. Opening the labor market might risk some increase in inequality in wages atleast in the short run, as the wages of skilled workers are ________.A. bid forB. bid onC. bid upD. bid to24. The market will goods that yield social benefits in excess of privatebenefits and will consequently produce too few of these goods.A. undervalueB. devalueC. underweightD. value25. You have taken a ______ hatred to Peter; and you are unreasonably angry withme because I won’t hate him.A. perseveringB. perverseC. perfectD. previous26. One of the conditions of ______ is that you must keep the land under cultivation.A. tenantB. terminalC. temperamentD. tenure27. Even the increase proposed will put pressure on Congress to hold down otherspending or dip into funds for Social Security.A. markedB. commissionedC. earmarkedD. commanded28. Unfortunately, what the farmers had gained in the autumn harvest was______by the heavy losses caused by a snowstorm in the winter.A. offsetB. optimizedC. subsidizedD. unleashed29. The Arabs, on the other hand, coming from a culture where much closerdistance is the norm, may be feeling that the Americans are being_______.A. friendlyB. warmC. standoffishD. selfish30. Most little children want a dog or a cat, and they continually______ theirmothers and fathers until they get one. It is only when the sweet little thing has been brought home that the parents realize how much time and money must be spent on “Tom” or “B ill”.A. peterB. pesterC. worryD. whine31. As television, and to an extent the internet have _____further through oursociety, the effects are perhaps more significant than even we realize.A. perpetuatedB. persecutedC. persistedD. permeated32. “John has no______. So when his parents passed away, he inherited everythingfrom the family---properties, bank savings, stocks and a big house. He’s reallyliving on easy street.” A. siblings B. soberings C. sibilantsD. stillbirths33. Great efforts have been made to coordinate unemployment______ andeconomic development throughout the country.A. aggravationB. exaggerationC. eliminationD. alleviation34. Upon this, Jones began to beg earnestly to be let into this secret, and faithfully promised not to ______ it.A. divulgeB. dispenseC. dissolveD. disperse35. In Sudan, deforestation in the last decade led to a quadrupling of the timewomen spent gathering fuel wood. This stimulated efforts to promote _______ .A. deforestationB. afforestationC. forestsD. forestry36. In Egypt, I saw the pyramids and the damaged face of the Sphinx, smiling a(an)_______ smile. An amazing journey!A. incuriousB. sweetC. incredulousD. inscrutable37. There was so much pain there, _______ caused by both sides over the years. Ididn’t want to hurt them, nor they me, but the harm had done and it wasirreversible.A. invisiblyB. inappreciablyC. inadvertentlyD.inadequately38. Nobody will support such a government that ______ on the rights of individuals.A. encroachesB. invadesC. involvesD. interrupts39. The development of national ______ will be sped up if its officials at all levelsbecome more conscious of its significance in economic growth.A. substructureB. portfolioC. infrastructureD. asset40. With the rapid development of modern society, the ______ of the ancientcivilization in the town is being erased step by step.A. prestigeB. vestigeC. fameD. symptom41. The ______ of “white” in Ch inese includes something unhappy. At funerals,Chinese pay respect to the dead and express their sorrow by wearing white.In the West, however, white is the traditional color for the bride at weddings, and to wear white at funerals would be offensive.A. configurationB. conjunctionC. connotationD. connection42. When people can’t explain a new phenomenon using their knowledge, theywill firstly try to understand the new phenomenon using the logic reference of______.A. comparisonB. analysisC. counterpartD. analogy43. He has more endurance; he can swim longer and ______ a canoe better than any of his people.A. conquerB. dominateC. steerD. lead44.There’s this new girl coming to my school, and I like her a lot. I want to _____our friendship before I start a serious relationship.A. cementB. limeC. clayD. concrete45._______implies an active choice to cling to something, not passively beingcarried along out of inability to imagine anything else.A. TenancyB. TenacityC. TendencyD. TensionKey：21-30 B D C A B D C A C B31-45 D A D A B D C A C B C D C A B2022挑选题21. Cash flows should be managed to ________ the return from cash received and to minimize the cost of finance on conditions for its own uses.A. chooseB. spendC. expandD. optimize22. Teachers? unions attacked the plans as ________ the skills and work of early yea r teachers, and creating a two-tier profession.A. praisingB. promotingC. undervaluingD. developing23. The government could then instruct all banks not to push companies into default and not to dispose of any ________.A. collateralB. corporationC. debtD. exchange24. Fourthly, a successful terminal at Stratford would inevitably and inexorably __ ______ on the Lea Valley regional park and reduce leisure facilities.A. increaseB. encroachC. stepD. ride25. The evening air had its accustomed November nip, but the groups making the ir way from Celtic Crescent were ________ to it.A. ignorantB. imperviousC. resentedD. responsive26. As far as I am concerned, it is the only body that represents the prison officer s, who work under great ________.A. pressB. backfireC. duressD. screen21. Cash flows should be managed to ________ the return from cash received and to minimize the cost of finance on conditions for its own uses.A. chooseB. spendC. expandD. optimize22. Teachers? unions attacked the plans as ________ the skills and work of early yea r teachers, and creating a two-tier profession.A. praisingB. promotingC. undervaluingD. developing23. The government could then instruct all banks not to push companies into def ault and not to dispose of any ________.A. collateralB. corporationC. debtD. exchange24. Fourthly, a successful terminal at Stratford would inevitably and inexorably __ ______ on the Lea Valley regional park and reduce leisure facilities.A. increaseB. encroachC. stepD. ride25. The evening air had its accustomed November nip, but the groups making the ir way from Celtic Crescent were ________ to it.A. ignorantB. imperviousC. resentedD. responsive26. As far as I am concerned, it is the only body that represents the prison officer s, who work under great ________.A. pressB. backfireC. duressD. screen27. Margate is sure that the scientific and technological ________ that has been dev eloped is real and extremely valuable.A. synergyB. formationC. energyD. match28. They suggest therefore that greater emphasis be given to housing ________ in evaluating relative deprivation.A. terminationB. removalC. provisionD. tenure29. Are you sure that my staying here won?t be an/a ________ into your domestic af fairs?A. intentionB. troubleC. threatD. intrusion30. She remained there until last night when an ambulance took her to ________ wi th a family in nearby Newton.A. discoverB. revitalizeC. recuperateD. reformulate31. Sunlight streamed into the church and through the stained glass windows, and a smell of grass and flowers ________ the air.A. flowedB. permeatedC. penetratedD. indulged32. Loss of license contact is a real ________ to potential traders in smuggled cigare ttes.A. deterrentB. detailC. detainD. determine33. As these problems multiply and ________ resources, the range of options availa ble to the organization increasingly narrows.A. depleteB. decreaseC. lessenD. formulate34. For years, frequent flooding eventually ________ all traces of the community tha t used to live there.A. killedB. releasedC. obliteratedD. measured35. Even the increase proposed will put pressure on Congress to hold down other spending or dip into funds ________ for Social Security.A. remarkedB. earmarkedC. reboundD. reduced36. Members of extreme right wing parties are completely opposed to the ________ of blacks into white South African society.A. combinationB. formulationC. integrationD. segregation37. Nevertheless, to conceive of parents as utterly static in the child?s psychologic al life is likely to become the ________ of the picture grossly.A. distortionB. reflectionC. representationD. confusion38. Clinton also asked Glickman to report back within 30 days with recommendat ions to help the ________ of debt problems afflicting cattle producers.A. involvementB. releaseC. alleviationD. reflection39. The Piscataway school district in New Jersey had to dismiss one high school business teacher because of budgetary _______ both by the government and local a uthorities.A. inflationB. provisionC. concentrationD. constraints40. By setting up such a system yourself, you are potentially________ any security s ystems your company has in place.A. providingB. alleviatingC. promotingD. circumventing41. The policy by EU that imposes serious constraints on textileimports from Chi na will definitely the bilateral trade in other areas.A. widenB. thwartC. recoverD. complete42. Friction between the generations is ________ when younger staff grasp the new idea and their creativity is suddenly released.A. widenedB. exacerbatedC. recoveredD. competitive43. Many Americans who are learning Chinese think that the term “Lao Wai” is so mehow an insult, and in fact the term “Lao Wai”doesn?t have a negative _______ in Chinese.A. positionB. intentionC. extensionD. connotation44. Henry Kissinger was also ________ and frustrated by the让知识带有温度。
武汉大学攻读博士学位研究生入学考试英语试题
Earth?
A) The moon once smashed into the Earth too. B) The moon was battered earlier than the Earth. C) The moon, as a ciose neighbor. is easier to observ-e. l)) The moon's surface is heaviiy cratereei as the Earth's.
Eventually, in 2003, Manchester asked his friend Paul Reid to complete the trilogy. Now, nearly a decade later, Reid has published The Last Lion, the final piece of this monumental undertaking. Reid starts when Churchill was appointed prime minister in May 1940 and follows him through his death in 1965. While most of this volume is appropriately devoted to World War II, it also includes the vast expansion of the British welfare state following the war, the start of the Cold War and the enormous dangers it
2009年武汉大学二外英语考研真题试卷_真题(含答案与解析)-交互(186)
2009年武汉大学二外英语考研真题试卷(总分168, 做题时间90分钟)1.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.Statuses are marvelous human inventions that enable us to get along with one another and to determine where we fit in society. As we go about our everyday lives, we mentally attempt to place people in terms of their statuses. For example, we must judge whether the person in the library is a reader or a librarian, whether the telephone caller is a friend or a salesman, whether the unfamiliar person on our property is a thief or a " meter reader, and so on. The statuses we assume often vary with the people we encounter, and change throughout life. Most of us can, at a very high speed, assume the statuses that various situations require. Much of social interaction consists of identifying and selecting among appropriate statuses and allowing other people to assume their statuses in relation to us. This means that we fit our actions to those of other people based on a constant mental process of appraisal and interpretation. Although some of us find the task more difficult than others, most of us perform it rather effortlessly. A status has**pared to ready-made clothes. Within certain limits, the buyer can choose style and fabric. But an American is not free to choose the costume of a Chinese peasant or that of a Hindu prince. We must choose from among the clothing presented by our society. Furthermore, our choice is limited to a size that will fit, as well as by our pocketbook. Having made a choice within these limits we can have certain alterations made, but apart from minor adjustments, we tend to be limited to what the stores have on their racks. Statuses, too, come ready made, and the range of choice among them is limited.SSS_SINGLE_SEL1.In the first paragraph, the writer tells us that statuses can helpus______.A determine whether a person is fit for a certain jobB behave appropriately in relation to other peopleC protect ourselves in unfamiliar situationsD make friends with other people该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:B解析：第一句Statuses…that enable us to get along with oneanother“身份能使我们和别人和睦相处”，也就是在人际交往中表现得体，固选B。
武汉大学博士英语结课考试
大纲文章分析答案1Most mainstream scientists agree that the burning of fossil fuels(coal,natural gas,and petroleum that is known as oil or crude oil)and other industrial activities have led to a buildup of heat-trapping greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.They also agree tha t the earth’s surface has warmed during the last century and that further warming of several degrees Celsius is likely in the next century.(background)This broad scientific consensus(广泛达成的共识)has played an important role in convincing many national governments that immediate action is necessary to limit global greenhouse gas emission.(thesis)2Developing countries,however,have portrayed themselves as victimized by the wealthier industrialized nations(topic sentence).On one hand,these countries believe they have the most to lose from continued global warming.1Because much of the developing world occupies warmer regions，where many species of crops and domesticated animals live at the upper limit of their natural temperature tolerance,higher could lead to widespread livestock declines and crop failures.Moreover,unlike the industrialized world,most developing nations lack the capital and infrastructure to develop new varieties of heat-tolerant crops and animals,build flood control systems,and deploy disaster relief when needed.3On the other hand,2global emission reduction targets also hurt developing countries because such reduction interfere with their plans for economic development through inexpensive,carbon-based energy sources.Indeed,many representatives of developing countries seeglobal warming advocates as part of a conspiracy to maintain the economic advantage of industrialized nations at the expense of poorer nations.3Thus,developing countries have argued that they be exempt from emission reduction until their economies approached the strength of those in developed nation.4Carbon-cycle calculations,however,suggest that allowing developing countries to delay by decades their participation in emission reduction agreements would commit the world to very large increases in levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide.The carbon cycle refers to the natural process through which carbon dioxide injected into the atmosphere is slowly removed by photosynthesis in plants and absorption in the oceans.These processes take about a century to complete.V arious carbon-cycle models have shown that if fossil fuels are used to power industrial growth in developing countries,then their carbon dioxide emissions will soon outpace even those of the currently industrialized countries.These computer models strongly suggest that emission reductions must be achieved everywhere,presumably through a Kyoto or post-Kyoto negotiated protocol.5Global environmental collapse is not inevitable.But the developed world must work with the developing worl d to ensure that new industrialized economies do not add to the world’s environmental problems.Politicians must think of sustainable development rather than economic expansion.Conservation strategies have to become more widely accepted,and people must learn that energy use can be dramatically diminished without sacrificing comfort.In short, with the technology that currently exists,the years of global environmental mistreatment can begin to be reversed.Structure(linear pattern of thinking)Introduction:para1Argumentation；mainstream scientists’opinionThesis:scientific consensus(immediate action)Plan of development:limit gas emissionBody:para 2,3,4(response to the action)On one hand,developing countries fall victims to global warming and emission reduction targets On the other hand,the targets hinder its developmentScientific study shows both should participate inConclusion:last paraRestatement of thesis:concerted effort一致的努力Measures：politicians，government action and people’s awarenes s-sustainable development,conservation strategies and people’s knowledgeProspect:global environmental mistreatment can be reversedAspect(五个司机直身子子)from material to spiritual aspect从物质到精神from individual to social aspect从个体到社会from idea/mentality to behavior从思想到行为from technology to society=from technological to social aspect从技术到社会from direct to indirect aspect从直接到间接from physical to psychological aspect从身体到心理from nature to society=from physical environment to economic and social structure从自然到社会/从地理环境到社会经济结构Skillby statistics统计by example例证by statement阐述by quotation引用method（主时空对缘分亲吻过对手滴）topical ordertime order=chronological order时间顺序space order=spatial order空间顺序antithesis对偶、排比causeand effect=causal order原因和结果classification分类hierarchical structure（from least to most）由轻到重problem and solution问题和答案process and result 过程和结果comparison and contrast对比means and ends手段和目的progression递进logical relationship(from paragraph level)(what,why,how)logical relationship between topic sentence （what）and supporting sentences（why and how）in the form of what-why-how，what-how-why，what-why，what-how.cause and effect =why and howmeans and ends=process and result=how手段和目的，过程和结果topic idea and reason=what and whyproblem and solution=what and howexample=how美国心理学家马斯洛发表了《人类动机的理论》一书。
武大考博英语试题及答案
武汉大学2017年攻读博士学位研究生外语综合水平考试试题（满分值100分）科目名称：英语科目代码：1101注意：所有的答题内容必须写在答案纸上，凡写在试题或草稿纸上的一律无效。
Part I Reading Comprehension (2’×20 = 40 points)Directions:In this part of the test, there will be 5 passages for you to read. Each passage is followed by 4 questions or unfinished statements, and each question or unfinished statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. You are to decide on the best choice by blackening the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneMr Gordon is right that the second industrial revolution involved never-to-be-repeated changes. But that does not mean that driverless cars count for nothing. Messrs Erixon and Weigel are also right to worry about the West’s dismal recent record in producing new companies. But many old firms are not run by bureaucrats and have reinvented themselves many times over: General Electric must be on at least its ninth life. And the impact of giant new firms born in the past 20 years such as Uber, Google and Facebook should not be underestimated: they have all the Schumpeterian characteristics the authors admire.On the pessimists’ side the strongest argument relies not on closely watching corporate and investor behavior but rather on macro-level statistics on productivity. The figures from recent years are truly dismal. Karim Foda, of the Brookings Institution, calculates that labor productivity in the rich world is growing at its slowest rate since 1950. Total factor productivity (which tries to measure innovation) has grown at just 0.1% in advanced economies since 2004, well below its historical average.Optimists have two retorts. The first is that there must be something wrong with the figures. One possibility is that they fail to count the huge consumer surplus given away free of charge on the internet. But this is unconvincing. The official figures may well be understating the impact of the internet revolution, just as they downplayed the impact of electricity and cars in the past, but they are not understating it enough to explain the recent decline in productivity growth.Another, second line of argument that the productivity revolution has only just begun is more persuasive. Over the past decade many IT companies may have focused on things that were more “fun than fundamental” in Paul Krugman’s phrase.But Silicon Valley’s best companies are certainly focusing on things that change the material world.Uber and Airbnb are bringing dramatic improvements to two large industries that have been more or less stuck for decades. Morgan Stanley estimates that driverless cars could result in $507 billion a year of productivity gains in America, mainly from people being able to stare at their laptops instead of at the road.1.What has led to the pessimistic opinion concerning the world’s economy?A.It is based on macro-level statistics on productivity.B.It is based on close observation on corporate and investor behavior.C.It is due to the fact that many old firms are not run by bureaucrats.D.It is due to the fact that not enough new firms have been created.2.The first argument on the optimists’ side is unconvincing because the official figures________.A.are both wrong and unconvincingB.downplay the internet revolutionC.fail to include the consumer surplusD.can’t explain the decline in productivity growth3.What is true about the IT companies in Silicon Valley??A.They have only focused on the fun part of life.B.They have made a difference in the real world.C.They have more persuasive productivity.D.They have only just begun to develop.4.How can driverless cars benefit American industries?A.Driverless cars have revived two large American industries.B.The sale of driverless cars can reach hundreds of billion dollars.C.Thanks to them people free from driving can do more creative work.D.Driverless cars have stimulated the development of Uber and Airbnb.Passage TwoWinston Churchill was one of the central statesmen of the 20th century and, almost 50 years after his death, remains a subject of enduring fascination. Part of the current interest in this venerable figure can be attributed to two superb biographies written in the 1980s by historian William Manchester: “The Last Lion: Visions of Glory” and “The Last Lion: Alone.” These two books examined the first two-thirds of Churchill’s life.Unfortunately, after completing the second volume, Manchester’s health declined and the rest of the project stalled. So great was public interest in the long-delayed final volume that it was the subject of a front page story in The New York Times.Eventually, in 2003, Manchester asked his friend Paul Reid to complete the trilogy. Now, nearly a decade later, Reid has published The Last Lion, the final piece of this monumental undertaking. Reid starts when Churchill was appointed prime minister in May 1940 andfollows him through his death in 1965. While most of this volume is appropriately devoted to World War II, it also includes the vast expansion of the British welfare state following the war, the start of the Cold War and the enormous dangers it carried, and the loss of the British Empire.Reid has written a thorough and complete analysis of these years, and it is a worthy finale to the first two volumes. Exhaustively researched and carefully written, it draws on a full range of primary and secondary materials. This book will be essential reading for those who enjoyed the first two volumes and those with a deep interest in understanding this seminal figure and his place in history.Reid does a wonderful job of capturing Churchill in all his complexity. He gives Churchill great praise for his personal courage and inspirational leadership during the dark days when Britain stood alone, but he is equally clear about Churchill’s poor strategic judgments, such as the efforts to defend Greece and Crete, the Allied assault on Anzio, and the decision to send the battleship Prince of Wales and battle cruiser Repulse to the South China Sea without adequate air cover where they were promptly sunk by the Japanese.He highlights Churchill’s naiveté in dealing with Soviet Premier Stalin in the early years of the war, but praises his prescience in anticipating Stalin’s land grab in Eastern Europe at the end of the conflict. Reid also gives welcome attention to aspects of the war ― such as Churchill’s fear that the United States might decide to put its primary emphasis on defeating Japan regardless of the “Germany first” understanding he shared with Roosevelt that have received little attention in other books.5.What can be known about the two biographies of Churchill?A.They were written in an interesting style.B.They were written prior to Churchill’s death.C.They are mainly written from a historical point of view.D.They have helped intrigue the readers over a long period.6.Why did the biography once become a front page story in The New York Times?A.People were looking forward to the publication of the final volume.B.Readers were angry with the author for the delay of the final volume.C.The publication of the final volume was then a heatedly discussed issue.D.Readers wanted to know who would be the new author of the final volume.7.Why does the third volume prove to be worthy?A.It is widely read and welcomed by readers.B.It involves enough details in Churchill’s life.C.It is based on thorough and reliable research.D.It offers a unique understanding of Churchill.8.What can we know about Churchill through the third volume?A.He is a man with complexity.B.He pulled Britain through WWII.C.He made many strategic mistakes.D.He is courageous and inspirational.Passage ThreeAsteroids and comets that repeatedly smashed into the early Earth covered the planet’s surface with molten rock during its earliest days, but still may have left oases of water that could have supported the evolution of life, scientists say. The new study reveals that during the planet’s infancy, the surface of the Earth was a hellish environment, but perhaps not as hellish as often thought, scientists added.Earth formed about 4.5 billion years ago. The first 500 million years of its life are known as the Hadean Eon. Although this time amounts to more than 10 percent of Earth’s history, little is known about it, since few rocks are known that are older than 3.8 billion years old.For much of the Hadean, Earth and its sister worlds in the inner solar system were pummeled with an extraordinary number of cosmic impacts. “It was thought that because of these asteroids and comets flying around colliding with Earth, conditions on early Earth may have been hellish,” said lead study author Simone Marchi, a planetary scientist at the Southwest Research Institute in Boulder, Colorado. This imagined hellishness gave the eon its name —Hadean comes from Hades, the lord of the underworld in Greek mythology.However, in the past dozen years or so, a radically different picture of the Hadean began to emerge. Analysis of minerals trapped within microscopic zircon crystals dating from this econ “suggested that there was liquid water on the surface of the Earth back then, clashing with the previous picture that the Hadean was hellish,” Marchi said. This could explain why the evidence of the earliest life on Earth appears during the Hadean —maybe the planet was less inhospitable during that eon than previously thought.The exact timing and magnitude of the impacts that smashed Earth during the Hadean are unknown. To get an idea of the effects of this bombardment, Machi and his colleagues looked at the moon, whose heavily cratered surface helped model the battering that its close neighbor Earth must have experienced back then.“We also looked at highly siderophile elements (elements that bind tightly to iron), such as gold, delivered to Earth as a result of these early collisions, and the amounts of these elements tells us the total mass accreted by Earth as the results of these collisions,”Marchi said. Prior research suggests these impacts probably contributed less than 0.5 percent of the Earth’s present-day mass.The researchers discovered that “the surface of the Earth during the Hadean was heavily affected by very large collisions, by impactors [ɪm'pæktə] larger than 100 kilometers (60 miles) or so —really, really big impactors,’ Marchi said.“When Earth has a collision with an object that big, that melts a large volume of the Earth’s crust and mantle, covering a large f raction of the surface,”Marchi added. These findings suggest that Earth’s surface was buried over and over again by large volumes of molten rock —enough to cover the surface of the Earth several times. This helps explain why so few rock survive from the Hadean, the researchers said.9.Why is little known about the Earth’s first 500 million years?A.Because it is an imagined period of time.B.Because this period is of little significance.C.Because it is impossible to know about this period.D.Because no rocks are available as research evidence.10.Why is the early Earth imagined to be hellish?A.Because it was often smashed by asteroids and comets.B.Because back then Hades, the lord of Hell, resigned.C.Because it was so according to Greek mythology.D.Because back then there was no life.11.Why was the early Earth in fact less inhospitable than often thought?A.Because minerals of the Hadean have been found suggesting the existence of life.B.Because the clashing brought by asteroids and comets was not completely damaging.C.Because during the Hadean there already existed the evidence of life.D.Because there had already been liquid water on the Earth back then.12.How can the moon help with the understanding of the impacts that smashed the Earth?A.The moon once smashed into the Earth too.B.The moon was battered earlier than the Earth.C.The moon, as a close neighbor, is easier to observe.D.The moon’s surface is heavily cratered as the Earth’s.Passage FourFrom beach balls, pool toys, and jump houses, inflatable technology takes a big step forward for its next frontier: space station. A new kind of tech will be aboard Space X’s eighth supply mission to the International Space Station (ISS). A compressed living module will be delivered and attached to the station where, in the void of space, it will expand into a new habitat for astronauts.Designed by Bigelow Aerospace, the inflatable space habitat is one area NASA is exploring for potential deep space habitats and other advanced space missions.“The ‘Bigelow Expandable Activity Module,’ or the BEAM, is an expandable habitat that will be used to investigate technology and understand the potential benefits of such habitats for human missions to deep space,” NASA Administrator Charles Bolden wrote in a blog post.The habi tats could be a way to “dramatically increase” the space available for astronauts while also offering added protection from the dangers of space, like radiation and space debris, the NASA press release says.But how is an inflatable space station supposed to be a viable means of housing for space travelers? BEAMs are far more than balloon-like rooms where astronauts can take asylum. Technically, the modules don’t inflate― they expand, according to the company. And beyond just air, the habitats are reinforced with an internal metal structure. The outside is composed of multiple layers of material including things like rubber and kevlar to protect from any speeding debris.Inside SpaceX’s Dragon spacecraft on the way to the ISS, the BEAM will be approximately 8 feet in diameter. It will expand once deployed in space to offer 565 cubic feet of space for astronauts. “It’ll be the first time human beings will actually step inside this expandable habitat in space,” fo rmer astronaut George Zamka, who has worked for Bigelow Aerospace, told USA Today. “There won’t be this sense of it being like a balloon.”But astronauts won’t be getting inside the module for some time yet.The BEAM will be attached to the Tranquility Node and deployed. Inside the module are a series of tools that will help the crew of the ISS monitor different aspects of the expandable area to see how it acts in space. The crew will watch heat, radiation, orbital debris, and provide information about the viability of using similar modules in the future.The testing is scheduled to go on for a two-year time period, after which the module will be released and burn up in the atmosphere. NASA’s partnership with Bigelow fits Mr. Bolden’s desire to help grow a robust private sector industry to commercialize aspects of space ― a process he sees as vital if humans want to reach farther cosmic destinations. “The world of low Earth orbit belongs to industry,” Bolden said at a press conference in January 2015.13.What is special about the new living module on SpaceX’s eighth mission to ISS?A) It is expandable. C) It is going to deep space.B) It looks like a toy.D) It will not return to Earth.14.What is the purpose of designing the inflatable space habitat?.A.It is to find out its potential capacity.B.It is to give a try on a new technology.C.It is to save time and money in production.D.It is to see if it can be applied in deep space.15.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5 mean?A.The habitat will not be a balloon-like room.B.The habitat will not feel like a balloon.C.The habitat will be like a senseless balloon.D.The habitat will be a different kind of balloon.16.Why does NASA intend to commercialize aspects of space?A.It can save NASA time and energy.B.It is necessary for a robust industry.C.It is crucial for further space explorations.D.It meets both NASA’s and Bigelow’s needs.Passage FiveOf all the people on my holiday shopping list, there was one little boy for whom buying a gift had become increasingly difficult. He’s a wonderful child, adorable and loving, and he’s not fussy or irritable or spoiled. Though he lives across the country from me, I receive regular updates and photos, and he likes all the things that the boys his age want to play with. Shopping for him should be easy, but I find it hard to summon up any enthusiasm, because in all the years I’ve given him presents, he never once sent me a thank-you note.“Sending thank-you notes is becoming a lost art,” mourns Mary Mitchell, a syndicated columnist known as “Ms. Demeanor” and author of six etiquette books. In her view, each generation, compared with the one before, is losing a sense of consideration for other people. “Without respect,” she says, “you have conflict.”Ms. Demeanor would be proud of me: I have figured out a way to ensure that my children always send thank-you notes. And such a gesture is important, says Ms. Demeanor, because “a grateful attitude is a tremendous life skill, an efficient and inexpensive way to set ourselves apart in the work force and in our adult lives. Teach your children that the habit of manners comes from inside ― it’s an attitude based on respecting other people.”A few years ago, as my children descended like piranhas on their presents under the Christmas tree, the only attitude I could see was greed. Where was the appreciation of time and effort?A thank-you note should contain three things: an acknowledgement of the gift (Love the tie with the picture of a hose on it); a recognition of the time and effort spent to select it (You must have shopped all over the state to find such a unique item!); a prediction of how you will use your gift or the way it has enhanced your life (I’ll be sure to wear it to the next Mr. Ed convention!).So, five years ago, in one of my rare flashes of parental insight, I decided that the most appropriate time to teach this basic courtesy is while the tinsel is hot. To the horror of my children, I announced that henceforth every gift received will be an occasion for a thank-you note written immediately, on the spot. I have explained to my kids how I have reacted to not hearing from the little boy ― how it made me fell unappreciated and unmotivated to repeat the process next year.I have reluctantly given my kids the green light to send e-mail thank-you notes; though hand-lettered ones (at least to me) still seem friendlier. But pretty much any thank-you makes the gift giver feel special ― just as, we hope, the recipient feels. It’s a gesture that perfectly captures the spirit of the holidays.17.The author felt unmotivated when buying a gift for the little boy because he ________.A.purposely intended not to show gratitude for her kindness and considerationB.had never expressed appreciation of the gifts he received in previous years.C.had no idea how thoughtful she was in choosing a gift for himD.didn’t like any of the gift she had given him18.According to Ms. Demeanor, showing appreciation has the benefit of ________.A.forming the habit of good mannersB.regaining the lost art of expressing thanksC.motivating the gift giver to buy more giftsD.distinguishing oneself from others in work and life19.In a thank-you note, “The book will be my good companion when I am alone”serves as________.A. a recognition of the time and effort spent to select itB.an announcement of how it has enhanced your lifeC. a prediction of how you will use your giftD.an acknowledgement of the gift20.What does the author mean by “while the tinsel is hot (Line 2, Para. 6)?A.The moment her kids receive a gift.B.The moment she starts choosing gifts for each kid.C.When the art of sending thank-you notes isn’t lost yet.D.When her kids still remember who bought the gifts for them.Part II English-Chinese Translation (5’×4 = 20 points)Directions: Read the following passage, and then translate the underlined parts numbered from (1) to (4), from English into Chinese. Please write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Economics is no different. Supply, demand, elasticity, comparative advantage, consumer surplus, deadweight loss--these terms are part of the economist’s language. In the coming chapters, you will encounter many new terms and some familiar words that economists use in specialized ways.(1)At first, this new language may seem needlessly arcane. But, as you will see, its value lies in its ability to provide you a new and useful way of thinking about the world in which you live.Economists try to address their subject with a scientist’s objectivity. They approach the study of the economy in much the same way as a physicist approaches the study of matter and a biologist approaches the study of life: (2)They devise theories, collect data, and then analyze these data in an attempt to verify or refute their theories.To beginners, it can seem odd to claim that economics is a science. After all, economists do not work with test tubes or telescopes. (3)The essence of science, however, is the scientific methods--the dispassionate development and testing of theories about how the world works.This method of inquiry is as applicable to studying a nation’s economy as it is to studying the earth’s gravity or a species’ evolution. (4)As Albert Einstein once put it, “The whole of science isDirections:Translate the following paragraph from Chinese into English. Please write youranswer on the ANSWER SHEET.为了寻找实验室试验的替代品，经济学家十分关注历史所提供的自然实验。
武汉大学动力与机械学院2018级大一第一学期期中考试英语试题
武汉大学动力与机械学院2018~2019学年大一第一学期期中考试英语试题Part I Reading Comprehension (40%)Section ADirections: There are 3 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.Martin had lived in New York for forty years and never been mugged once. This did not make him confident - on the contrary, it terrified him. The way he saw it, he was now the most likely person in Manhattan to get mugged next.“What are the odds of me getting mugged?” he asked his friend Lenny.“How much are you willing to bet?” said Lenny, who was a compulsive gambler.“Oh, come on, this is too important to bet on!”“Nothing is too important to bet on,” said Lenny, shocked. That was the end of their friendship.“How do you think I can avoid getting mugged?” Martin asked his friend Grace. Grace had not been outside her apartment in five years, as a sure-fire way of avoiding being mugged. It had failed; someone had broken in and mugged her.“I’ve no idea, Martin,” she said. “Most of these guys are on drugs anyway, and they need the money for their addiction.”This gave Martin an idea. If the muggers only needed the money for drugs, why didn’t he offer them drugs instead? Then possibly they would be so grateful that they wouldn’t harm him. Through some rich friends he knew he bought small quantities of heroin and cocaine. He had never touched the stuff himself, so he had to label them carefully to make sure he didn’t get them mixed up.One day he was walking in a part of Central Park he shouldn’t have been in (the part where there is grass and trees) when three men leapt out at him. One was black, one was Puerto Rican and one was Caucasian. Well, at least mugging is being integrated he thought.“You want drugs?” he cried. “I’ve got drugs! Anything you want you can have. Just name it. But don’t touch me!”The three men let go of him respectfully.“We almost made a big mistake there,” said one of them. “This guy’s a pusher. Hurt him and we could have the Mafia down on us. Let’s see what you got, mister.”Somewhat to his surprise, Martin found himself displaying his wares to his clientele. Even more to his surprise, he found himself accepting money for the drugs, much more than he’d paid for them.“How come you guys have all this money?” He said. “Why are you out mugging if you have money?”“Well, we’re not muggers,” said the Caucasian, embarrassed. “We’re out-of-work actors.”“I thought out-of-work showbiz people always became waiters or barmen,” said Martin.“Right. But there are so many showbiz people in catering now that you can’t get work as waiters. So we had to get work as muggers.”When Martin got home, he bought some more drugs from his friend. Pretty soon he sold them to some more muggers. Pretty soon after that he found he was spending more and more time pushing drugs, and making more and more money at it. Being afraid of muggings had turned him into a professional drug-pusher.One day a man leapt out at him and grabbed him. “You want drugs?” said Martin. “I’ve got drugs.”“I want money,” said a familiar voice.“Lenny!” cried Martin. “How’re you doing?”“Badly,” said Lenny. “I lost everything gambling.”He hit Martin on the head and took his money, wallet and all his credit cards, leaving the little packets of white powder behind.1. Martin thought he was going to be mugged soon because .A) he had to go out at night very oftenB) everyone gets mugged at least once in forty yearsC) he had been mugged more than once beforeD) it is likely for people to get mugged in New York2. Why did he offer drugs to the muggers the first time?A) Because he was ordered by the Mafia to do so.B) Because he wanted to make money.C) Because most muggers are drug-addicts.D) Because he wanted to become a professional pusher.3. When he was mugged, he wasn’t harmed because .A) the muggers thought he was protected by the MafiaB) the muggers were impressed by his readiness to cooperateC) he didn’t have any money on him at the timeD) the muggers wanted nothing but drugs4. The moral of the story is that .A) friends may become enemiesB) there is always a way to guarantee solving any problemC) deliberate wrong-doing seldom solves any problemD) drugs are more important than money5. The tone of the whole passage is .A) indifferent B) ironic C) matter-of-fact D) sympatheticPassage TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.It is not often realized that women held a high place in southern European societies in the 10th and 11th centuries. As a wife, the woman was protected by the setting up of a dowry(嫁妆). Admittedly, the purpose of this was to protect her against the risk of desertion, but in reality its function in the social and family life of the time was much more important. The dowry was the wife’s right to receive a tenth of all her husband’s property. The wife had the right to withhold consent, in all transactions the husband would make, and more than just a right; the documents showed that she enjoyed a real power of decision, equal to that of her husband. In no case do the documents indicate any degree of difference in the legal status of husband and wife.The wife shared in the management of her husband’s personal property, but the opposite was not always true. Women seemed perfectly prepared to defend their own inheritance against husbands who tried to exceed their rights, and on occasion they showed a fine fighting spirit. A case in point is that of Maria Vivas. Having agreed with her husband Miro to sell a field she had inherited, for the needs of the household, she insisted on compensation. None being offered, she succeeded in dragging her husband to the scribe(法学家) to have a contract duly drawn up assigning her a piece of land from Miro’s personal inheritance. The unfortunate husband was obliged to agree, as the contract says, “for the sake of peace.” Either through the dowry or through being hot-tempered, the wife knew how to win herself, within the context of the family, a powerful economic position. Ric illnesses including depression often do not manifest themselves until the late teens or early 20s.6. A dowry was .A) the wife’s inheritance from her father B) a gift of money to the new husbandC) a protection of the wife’s right D) a written contract7. In the 10th and 11th centuries in southern European, women’s social position was .A) higher than men’s B) as high as men’sC) lower than men’s D) never recognized8. The purpose of mentioning the case of Maria Vivas is .A) to show women had the same rights as, if not more than, their husbandsB) to prove hot-tempered woman held a powerful economic positionC) to tell the readers the real situations in some countriesD) to show the fight spirits of woman9. Could a husband sell his wife’s inheritance?A) Yes, if she agreed.B) No, under no circumstances.C) Yes, whenever he wished to.D) Yes, if his father-in-law agreed.10. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an effect of the dowry system?A) The husband had to share the power of decision in marriage.B) The wife could manage her husband’s personal property.C) The wife gained a powerful economic position.D) The wife would not be deserted by her husband.Passage ThreeQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.Thoughts of suicide haunted Anita Rutnam long before she arrived at Syracuse University. She had a history of mental illness and had even attempted to kill herself. During her junior year of college, she tried again. On a February morning in 1998, just days after a campus counselor recommended she be hospitalized for her suicidal tendencies, Rutnam threw herself off the eighth floor of a Syracuse dormitory.Miraculously, she survived. But three years later, Rutnam still feels the effects of that day. She has not been able to finish college and is suing her former school for malpractice. Her suit asserts that, given the campus counselor’s advice, school officials should have done more to prevent her suicide attempt.This incident and others have thrown a spotlight on an issue that is causing growing concern in dorm rooms and students center. Are colleges providing adequate care for students who may be struggling with a range of mental illnesses? In the Syracuse cases, a spokesman for the school contends, “The University tried repeatedly to help Anita, and we felt that they acted appropriately.” But lawyers are busy there and elsewhere.After accidents, suicide is the second biggest killer of kids in college. And while the number of students who kill themselves on campus is no higher than that of 18-to-24-year-olds in the general population, a series of sensational incidents has raised the question of whether troubled students are getting proper attention.So what are the schools’ responsibilities to at-risk students, particularly those who may be genetically predisposed (易患……病的) to mental illness? College can be a breeding ground for Psychiatric problems. Poor eating habits and irregular sleeping patterns - especially combined with the academic stress of college life - may all play roles in triggering mental problems. Additionally, many of the major psychiatric illnesses including depression often do not manifest themselves until the late teens or early 20s.11. Anita Rutnam couldn’t finish college most probably because .A) she couldn’t get enough concern from Syracuse UniversityB) she wasn’t physically healthy enough to continue schoolingC) she still kept thinking about killing herself whenever at schoolD) she has been troubled by the memory of the incident very often12. What does the author want us to know through Anita Rutnam’s story?A) The universities are not responsible for their students.B) Suicides are popular on college campus and should be handled properly.C) Why Anita committed suicide is still a mystery.D) Universities should get prepared in case their students sue them.13. What does Anita accuse her former school of?A) Ignorance of her abnormal behaviors.B) Lack of safeguard against her suicidal intention.C) Failure to give her proper academic instructions.D) Indifference to her physical disease.14. How does Syracuse University defend itself against Anita’s suit?A) It has given her due attention as well as help.B) Adult students should be able to control their own behavior.C) It is more than the school’s responsibility to supervise the students.D) Colleges can be a breeding ground for psychiatric problems.15. All the following problems are implied as possible causes of campus suicide incidents EXCEPT .A) poor academic results B) failing to get proper sleepC) lack of family concern D) family history of mental illnessSection BDirections: There is a passage in this section. The passage is followed by some statements. You are required to answer the questions with T or F to indicate whether the statements are true or false. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer sheet.Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.An Apple for the TeacherAmerican schoolchildren occasionally present an apple to the teacher. Obviously the custom contains an element of bribery - you offer sweet fruit to authority figures to “sweeten” their disposition. In school children’s case, the apple is offered to make their grades more favorable. Therefore, the apple has more or less acquired a corrosive reputation and maybe for this reason, in slang English “to applepolish” means “to flatter or fawn” and an applepolisher is a flatterer.But the custom might also be explained as a fair payment for the teacher’s instruction. In the early days of public education, school teachers were not always salaried. Often they would be paid in goods and services, offered by either the school, or the pupils or the parents …. Therefore, the occasional gift of an apple for the teacher in today’s classroom should be a welcome reminder of the era when education was one-to-one and when teaching meant enlightening the students rather than identifying their rankings.Caps and GownsFor students, the most exciting moment may be the graduation ceremony: parents, relatives and friends are invited to the ceremony; all the graduates are wearing black square flat caps and gowns. They all await the president to announce in the end, “Now, please move your tassels from right to left. ”The caps and gowns worn by high school and college graduates today are survivors of the everyday dress worn by members of the academic community in medieval Europe. The majority of scholars in the Middle Ages were churchmen, or soon to become so, and their dress was often strictly regulated by the universities where they taught and studied. The standard clerical dress throughout Europe was the long black cope. The original preference for black was changed in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, as such colors as red, violet and purple came intofashion; but by the Renaissance black was back, as the color black symbolized simple and plain, or austere way of life in the sixteenth century. With few exceptions, modern universities keep that ceremonial austerity.The origin of the square flat cap, or mortarboard, is obscure, though it probably derives from the medieval biretta. Such a tufted square cap is considered the badge of the mastership, and is later adopted by undergraduates and schoolboys. The term mortarboard does not appear in English until the 1850s. The tassel that graduates transfer from one side to another as a signal of their elevation is an outgrowth of the medieval tuft. The tuft still appears on the modern biretta, worn by bishops throughout the Church of Rome.16. Nowadays, American pupils always offer an apple to the teacher in order to get a better grade.17. In the early days of public education, school teachers were paid in money.18. In America, the caps and gowns are only adopted by college graduates during graduation ceremonies.19. The biretta was considered the mark of scholarship.20. That the graduates move the tassel from one side to the other is a signal of elevation.Part II Vocabulary and Structure (30%)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer sheet.21. During the interview, Dinna admitted that she was suffering from an eating disorder and other behaviors before she received treatmentA) self-discipline B) self-conscious C) self-identified D) self-destructive22. So that no fish can live in it.A) the lake is shallow B) shallow the lake is C) shallow is the lake D) is the lake shallow23. The number of the pictures drawn for our sporting meeting amazing.A) is B) are C) was D) were24. He will have learned English for eight years by the time he from the university next year.A) will graduate B) will have graduated C) graduates D) is to graduate25. Robert is said abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in.A) to have studied B) to study C) to be studying D) to have been studying26. Five pounds is for the second-hand suit.A) a good enough price B) an enough good priceC) a price enough good D) a good price enough27. In some countries, is called “equality” does not really mean equal rights for all people.A) which B) that C) what D) one28. It cannot the interchange without trade.A) encourage B) inspire C) excite D) stimulate29. Though it is mere 1 to 3 percent of the population, the upper class at least 25 percent of the nation’s wealth.A) turns up B) looks up C) makes up D) puts up30. The great hall was crowded with many people, many children on their parents’ laps.A) including; seated B) including; seating C) included; sat D) included; sitting31. Estonia has done much to the friendship of western European countries.A) tend B) cultivate C) foster D) cherish32. This is sufficient to convince anyone that we may large public places with one light, but not the streets of a city, and still less whole cities.A) illuminate B) clarify C) acquire D) enhance33. As demand has increased, so manufacturers have been encouraged to and improve quality.A) permeate B) clarify C) homogenize D) diversify34. as much as possible to completely air out the room or spill zone with outside air.A) Ventilate B) Wentilate C) Ventalate D) Vetilate35. He believes better relations with China are to the well-being of the area.A) primary B) fundamental C) essential D) critical36. When I accepted the President’s offer to serve as his Ambassador in China earlier this year, I knew that the job would be challenging, exciting and rewarding.A) gracious B) prominent C) respectful D) intimidating37. His blue eyes and messy dark hair made me bite the inside of my lip.A) piercing B) bitter C) seductive D) intense38. He refused to tell it to me except in the of his private room.A) disturbing B) affection C) connection D) intimacy39. Just as , the retreat from predominance proved painful.A) inevitably B) authoritatively C) humbly D) icily40. Don’t to the public when we will start.A) give off B) give out C) give away D) give up41. After you know what actions to perform on the controls, you need to sift through your information andhow to tell them to perform these actions, using the language they understand.A) figure out B) turn out C) stand out D) put out42. When he returned to his office, he an enormous pile of work.A) was confronted with B) was familiar with C) was popular with D) was patient with43. -Excuse me, sir. Would you do me a favour?-Of course. What is it?-I if you could tell me how to fill out the form.A) had wondered B) was wondering C) would wonder D) did wonder44. damage is done, it will take many years for the farmland to recover.A) Until B) Unless C) Once D) Although45. -Haven’t I seen you some place before?-Yes. That’s why I don’t go there .A) once more B) anymore C) no more D) no longer46. Only after talking to two students that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.A) I have discover B) did I discover C) I discovered D) I discover47. Never from, even when you are sad, because you never know who is your smile.A) embodied with B) compatible with C) satisfied with D) falling in love with48. I bumped into a casual when I visited the art museum yesterday.A) acquaintance B) friendship C) leadership D) sacrifice49. The young woman ran after the robbers but almost immediately due to the exhaustion from the struggle.A) adopted B) collapsed C) investigated D) impacted50. -Why didn’t you invite John to your birthday party?-Well, you know he’s .A) an early bird B) a wet blanket C) a lucky dog D) a tough nutPart III Translation (30%)Directions: For this part, you need to translate the following sentences by using words or phrases in the brackets from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on the Answer Sheet.51. 只有当我们认识到相互帮助的重要性，我们才能够致力于建设和谐的社会。
[考研类试卷]2015年武汉大学英语翻译基础真题试卷.doc
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[考研类试卷]2015年武汉大学英语翻译基础真题试卷英译汉1 Shanghai Free Trade Area2 special envoy3 consulate-general4 National City Bank of New York5 exchange rate6 cash drains7 intangible assets8 bank balance9 pay by installment10 host university11 law firm12 current account13 antidumping14 OPEC15 export subsidy汉译英16 丝路基金17 反恐怖主义情报中心18 海外追逃19 苏格兰独立公投20 微信21 失联22 正能量23 埃博拉病毒24 权力寻租腐败25 反垄断调查26 潜规则27 科研经费28 食品安全29 依法治国30 亚太自贸区英译汉31 The most complex lesson the literary point of view teaches—and it is not, to be sure,a lesson available to all, and is even difficult to keep in mind once acquired—is to allow the intellect to become subservient to the heart. What wide reading teaches is the richness, the complexity, the mystery of life. In the wider and longer view, I have come to believe, there is something deeply apolitical—something above politics—in literature, despite what feminist, Marxist, and other politicized literary critics may think. If at the end of a long life of reading the chief message you bring away is that women have had it lousy, or that capitalism stinks, or that attention must above all be paid to victims, then I'd say youjust might have missed something crucial. Too bad, for there probably isn't time to go back to re-read your lifetime's allotment of five thousand or so books.People who have read with love and respect understand that the larger message behind all books, great and good and even some not so good as they might be, is, finally, cultivate your sensibility so that you may trust your heart. The charmingly ironic point of vast reading, at least as I have come to understand it, is to distrust much of one's education. Unfortunately, the only way to know this is first to become educated, just as the only way properly to despise success is first to achieve it.汉译英32 说起季羡林先生的认真，那是出了名的。
武汉大学博士研究生入学考试英语真题
武汉大学2012年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题（满分值100分）科目名称：英语（B卷）科目代码：1011注意：所有的答题内容必须写在答题纸上，凡写在试题或草稿纸上的一律无效。
Part I Reading Comprehension (2 20＝40%)Directions: In this part of the test, there will be 5 passage for you to read. Each passage is followed by 4 questions or unfinished statements, and each question or unfinished statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C, and D. you are to decide on the best choice by blackening the corresponding letter on the ANWER SHEET.Passage OneA hundred years ago it was assumed and scientifically “proved” by economists that the laws of society made it necessary to have a vast army of poor and jobless people in order to keep the economy going. Today, hardly anybody would dare to voice this principle. It is generally accepted that nobody should be excluded from the wealth of the nation, either by the laws of nature or by those of society. The opinions, which were current a hundred years ago, that the poor owed their conditions to their ignorance and lack of responsibility, are outdated. In all Western industrialized counties, a system of insurance has been introduced which guarantees everyone a minimum of subsistence in case of unemployment, sickness and old age. I would go one step further and argue that, even if these conditions are not present, everyone has the right to receive the means to subsist; in other words, he can claim this subsistence minimum without having to have any “reason”. I would suggest, however, that it should be limited to a definite period of time, let’s say two years, so as to avoid the encouraging of an abnormal attitude which refuses any kind of social obligation.This may sound like a fantastic proposal, but so, I think, our insurance system would have sounded to people a hundred years ago. The main objection to such a scheme would be that if each person were entitled to receive minimum support, people would not work. This assumption rests on the fallacy of the inherent laziness in human nature, actually, aside from abnormally lazy people, there would be very few who wouldnot want to earn more than the minimum, and who would prefer to do nothing rather than work.However, the suspicions against a system of guaranteed subsistence minimum are not groundless from the standpoint of those who want to use ownership of capital for the purpose of forcing others to accept the work conditions they offer. If nobody were forced to accept work in order not to starve, work would have to be sufficiently interesting and attractive to induce one to accept it. Freedom of contract is possible only if both parties are free to accept and reject it; in the present capitalist system this is not the case.But such a system would not only be the beginning of real freedom of contract between employers and employees, its principal advantage would be the improvement of freedom in interpersonal relationships in every sphere of daily life.1．People used to think that poverty and unemployment were due to .A．the slow development of the economyB．the poor and jobless people’s own faultsC．the lack of responsibility on the part of societyD．the large number of people who were not well-educated2．Now it is widely accepted that .A．the present system of social insurance should be improvedB．everybody should be granted a minimum of subsistence without any “reason”C．everybody has the right to share in the wealth of the countryD．people have to change their attitude towards the poor3．The writer argues that a system of social insurance should .A．provide benefits for the sick, old and unemployedB．encourage people to take on more social obligationsC．guarantee everyone the right to be employedD．provide everyone with the right to a minimum subsistence for a certain period 4．According to the writer, a system of guaranteed subsistence minimum .A．demands too much from societyB．makes freedom of contract impossibleC．helps people take interest in their workD．helps bring about changes in the relationship among peoplePassage TwoPublic speaking fills most people with dread. Humiliation is greatest fear; self-exposure and failing to appeal to the audience come a close second. Women hate it most, since girls are pressurized from an early age to be concerned with appearances of all kinds.Most people have plenty of insecurities, and this seems like a situation that will bring them out. If you were under pressure to be perfect, you are terrified of falling in the most public of ways.Extroverts, on the contrary, will feel less fear before the ordeal. It does not mean they will necessarily do it better. Some very shy people manage to shine. When I met the British comedian Julian Clary, he was shy and cautious, yet his TV performances are perfect.In fact, personality is not the best predictor of who does it well. Regardless of what you are like in real life, the key seems to be to act yourself.Actual acting, as in performing the scripted lines of a character other than yourself, does not do the job. While politicians may limit damage by having carefully written and rehearsed scripts to speak from, there is always a hidden awareness among the audience that the words might not be true.Likewise, the incredibly perfect speeches of many American academics are far from natural. You may end up buying their book on the way out, but soon afterwards, it is much like fast food, and you get a nameless sense that you've been cheated.But, being yourself doesn’t work either. If you spoke as if you were in your own kitchen, it would be too authentic, too unaware of the need to communicate with an audience.I remember going to see British psychiatrist R. D. Laing speak in public. He behaved like a seriously odd person, talking off the top of his head. Although he was talking about madness and he wrote on mental illness, he seemed to be exhibiting rather than explaining it.The best psychological place from which to speak in public is an unselfconscious self-consciousness, providing the illusion of being natural. Studies suggest that this state of “flow”, as psychologists call it, is very satisfying.5. Women hate public speaking most mainly because of _____.A．their upbringing very early onB．their inability to appeal to the audienceC．their sense of greater public pressureD．their sense of greater humiliation.6．Which of the following is NOT the author’s viewpoint?A．Acting like performers spoils the message in a speech.B．Perfection of scripts is necessary in making good impressions.C．Acting naturally means less dependence on the prepared script.D．There should be a balance between actual acting and acting naturally.7．What is the author’s view on personality?A．Personality is the key to success in public speaking.B．Extroverts are better public speakers.C．Introverts have to learn harder to be good speakers.D．Factors other than personality ensure better performance.8．In the last paragraph the author recommends that you ____.A．forget about your nervousnessB．feel natural and speak naturallyC．may feel nervous, but appear naturallyD．may imagine yourself to be natural.Passage ThreeI am afraid to sleep. I have been afraid to sleep for the last few weeks. I am so tired that, finally, I do sleep, but only for a few minutes. It is not a bad dream that wakes me; it is the reality I took with me into sleep. I try to think of something else.Immediately the woman in the marketplace comes into my mind.I was on my way to dinner last night when I saw her. She was selling skirts. She moved with the same ease and loveliness I often saw in the women of Laos. Her long black hair was as shiny as the black silk of the skirts she was selling. In her hair, she wore three silk ribbons, blue, green, and white. They reminded me of my childhood and how my girlfriends and I used to spend hours braiding ribbons into our hair.I don’t know the word for “ribbons”, so I put my hand to my own hair and, with three fingers against my head. I looked at her ribbons and said “Beautiful.” She lowered her eyes and said nothing. I wasn’t sure if she understood me (I don’t speak Laotian very well).I looked back down at the skirts. They added designs in them: squares and triangles and circles of pink and green silk. They were very pretty. I decided to buy one of those skirts, and I began to bargain with her over the price. It is the custom to bargain in Asia. In Laos bargaining is done in soft voices and easy moves with the sort of quiet peacefulness.She smiled, more with her eyes than with her lips. She was pleased by the few words I was able to say in her language, although they were mostly numbers, and she saw that I understood something about the soft playfulness of bargaining. We shook our heads in disagreement over the price; then, immediately, we made another offer and then another shake of the head. She was so pleased that unexpectedly, she accepted the last offer I made. But it was too soon. The price was too low. She was being too generous and wouldn’t make enough money. I moved quickly and picked up two more skirts and paid for all three at the price set; that way I was able to pay her three times as much before she had a chance to lower the price for the larger purchase. She smiled openly then, and, for the first time in months, my spirit lifted. I almost felt happy.The feeling stayed with me while she wrapped the skirts in a newspaper and handed them to me. When I left, though, the feeling left, too. It was as though it stayed behind in marketplace. I left tears in my throat. I wanted to cry. I didn’t, of course.I have learned to defend myself against what is hard; without knowing it, I have also learned to defend myself against what is soft and what should be easy.I get up, light a candle and want to look at the skirts. They are still in the newspaper that the woman wrapped them in. I remove the paper, and raise the skirts up to look at them again before I pack them. Something falls to floor. I reach down and feel something cool in my hand. I move close to the candlelight to see what I have. There are five long silk ribbons in my hand, all different colours. The woman in the marketplace! She has given these ribbons to me!There is no defense against a generous spirit, and this time I cry, and very hard, asif I could make up for all the months that I didn’t cry.9．Which of the following in NOT correct?A．The writer was not used to bargaining.B．People in Asia always bargain when buying things.C．Bargaining in Laos was quiet and peaceful.D．The writer was ready to bargain with the woman.10．The writer assumed that the woman accepted the last offer mainly because woman .A．thought that the last offer was reasonableB．thought she could still make much moneyC．was glad that the writer knew their way of bargainingD．was tired of bargaining with the writer any more11．Why did the writer finally decide to buy three skirts?A．The skirts were cheap and pretty.B．She liked the patterns on the skirts.C．She wanted to do something as compensation.D．She was fed up with further bargaining with the woman.12．Why did the writer cry eventually when she looked at the skirts again?A．She suddenly felt very sad.B．She liked the ribbons so much.C．She was overcome by emotion.D．She felt sorry for the woman.Passage FourDefinition of “culture” are multiple, broad, and notably ambiguous. While there is no agreed-upon definition of culture, the classic definition by E. B. Tylor in 1871 is widely cited: “culture…is that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, moral, law, custom and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.”Most definitions of culture emphasize that it is complex and dynamic, comprised of the shared solutions to problems faced by the group. These solutions include technologies, beliefs, and behaviors.Culture does not determine behavior, but affords group members a repertoire of ideas and possible actions, providing the framework through which they understand themselves, their environment, and their experiences. Culture is a complex set of relationships, responses, and interpretations that must be understood, not as a body of discrete traits, but as an integrated system of orientations and practices generated within a specific socioeconomic context. Culture is ever changing and always being revised within the dynamic context of its enactment.Culture is neither a blueprint nor an identity; individuals choose between various cultural options, and in our multicultural society, many times choose widely between the options offered by a variety of cultural traditions. It is not possible to predict the beliefsand behaviors of individuals based on their race, ethnicity, or national origin. Individuals' group membership cannot be assumed to indicate their culture because those who share a group label may variously enact culture.In its zeal to encourage respect for cultural difference, the cultural competency movement has sometimes lost sight of these important features of the concept of culture. Instead it has too often represented culture as a decontextualized set of traits providing a template for the perceptions and behaviors of group members. A burgeoning literature on cultural diversity presents the reader with veritable laundry lists of traditional beliefs and practices ostensibly characteristic of particular ethnic groups. 49) This approach encourages the questionable notion that immigrants and certain ethnic and racial minorities are particularly driven by traditionalism. The emphasis in this genre is on difference, pitting the exotic and esoteric against mainstream or conventional beliefs that remain unnamed and unexplored.The misconception, common in clinical settings, that culture can be understood as a set of discrete traits, has led some mistakenly to treat culture as an explanatory variable, subject to prediction and control. In such applications, specific ethnic cultures are represented as a codified body of characteristics that can be identified and then either modified or manipulated to facilitate clinical goals.Paradoxically, in such approaches, what originated in a desire to promote respect for individual differences may instead promote stereotyping and essential zing. This process of reifying presumed difference may have the unintended consequence of bolstering a sense of group boundaries.50) It may also reinforce the belief that culture can be diagnosed and treated, that exotic or unfamiliar beliefs and behaviors of members of already disempowered subgroups should be controlled and adjusted to resemble norms of the dominant group.13．Which statement is NOT true according to this passage?A．Definitions of culture are usually difficult, varied and ambiguous.B．There is no agreed-upon definition of culture so far.C．There is no common ground in different definitions of culture.D．Most definitions of culture emphasize that it is complex and dynamic.14．Culture is not an identity because culture .A．does determine behaviorB．does not provide possible actionsC．can predict the beliefs and behaviors of individualsD．is optional and ever changing within the dynamic context15．Emphasizing cultural differences too much would .A．help grasp the most important features of concept of cultureB．treat culture as a contextualized set of traitsC．respect the traditions of immigrants and certain ethnic and racial minoritiesD．lead to regard the exotic and esoteric against mainstream or conventional beliefs 16．Which of the following is the author’s viewpoint?A．Culture can be understood not as a set of discrete traits but as an integrated system of orientations and practices generated within a specific socioeconomic context.B．Culture can be treated as an explanatory variable, subject to prediction and control.C．Culture can be represented as a codified body of characteristics that can be identified and then either modified or manipulated.D．Culture can be diagnosed and treated and the exotic or unfamiliar beliefs and behaviors should be controlled and adjusted to resemble norms of the dominant group. Passage FiveThe other problem that arises from the employment of women is that of the working wife. It has two aspects: that of the wife who is more of a success than her husband and that of the wife who must rely heavily on her husband for help with domestic tasks. There are various ways in which the impact of the first difficulty can be reduced. Provided that husband and wife are not in the same or directly comparable lines of work, the harsh monetary measure of achievement as intolerably crude. Where there are rank, it is best if the couple work in different fields so that the husband can find some special reason for superiority of the lowest figure in his to the most elevated in his wife’s.A problem that affects a much larger number of working wives is the need to re-allocate domestic tasks if there are children. In The Road to Wigan Pier George Orwell wrote of the unemployed of the Lancashire coalfields: “Practically never ... in a working-class home, will you see the man doing a stroke of the housework. Unemployment has not changed this convention, which on the face of it seems a little unfair. The man is idle from morning to night but the woman is as busy as ever - more so, indeed, because she has to manage with less money. Yet so far as my experience goes the women do not protest. They feel that a man would lose his manhood if, merely because he was out of work, he developed in a ‘Mary Ann’.”It is over the care of young children that this re-allocation of duties becomes really significant. For this, unlike the cooking of fish fingers or the making of beds, is an inescapably time-consuming occupation, and time is what the fully employed wife has no more to spare of than her husband.The male initiative in courtship is a pretty indiscriminate affair, something that is tried on with any remotely plausible woman who comes within range and, of course, with all degrees of tentativeness. What decides the issue of whether a genuine courtship is going to get under way is the woman’s response. If she shows interest the engines of persuasion are set in movement. The truth is that in courtship society gives women the real power while pretending to give it to men.What does seem clear is that the more men and women are together, at work and away from it, the more the comprehensive amorousness of men towards women will have to go, despite all its past evolutionary services. For it is this that makes inferiority at work abrasive and, more indirectly, makes domestic work seem unmanly, if there is to be an equalizing redistribution of economic and domestic tasks between men andwomen there must be a compensating redistribution of the erotic initiative. If women will no longer let us beat them they must allow us to join them as the blushing recipients of flowers and chocolates.17．The first paragraph advises the working wife who is more successful than her husband to .A．work in the same sort of job as her husband.B．play down her success, making it sound unimportant.C．stress how much the family gains from her high salary.D．introduce more labour-saving machinery into the home.18．Orwell’s picture of relations between man and wife in Wigan Pier describes a relationship which the author of the passage .A．thinks is the natural oneB．wishes to see preservedC．believes is fairD．is sure must change19．The last paragraph stresses that if women are to hold important jobs, then they must .A．sometimes make the first advances in loveB．allow men to flirt with many womenC．stop accepting presents of flowers and chocolatesD．avoid making their husbands look like “Mary Anns”20．Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about the present form of courtship?A．The woman’s reaction decides the fate of courtship.B．Each man “makes passes” at many women.C．Men are equally serious about courtship.D．The man leaves himself the opportunity to give up the chase quickly.Part II English-Chinese Translation (5 4＝20%)Directions: Reading the following passage, and the translate the underlined parts, numbered from (1) to (4), from English into Chinese. Please write your short essay on the ANWER SHEET.My topic today is “The Car and Air Pollution.”In particular, I want firstly to discuss the ways in which the car causes air pollution; and secondly, how we can control or reduce air pollution from the car.First, then, how does the car cause air pollution? (1)What happens is that the car’s internal combustion engine is a kind of chemical factory on a small scale. It uses a mixture of petrol and air, and this mixture explodesand burns, to produce the energy which propels the car. (2)But while this is happening, many complicated chemical reactions are taking place. In particular, part of the petrol-air mixture is not completely burned up, and so the exhaust gases from the engine contain some very dangerous chemicals, such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, lead and hydrocarbons.This is the situation, then, and it’s going to get much worse, unless we do something about it. So, let’s focus our attention now on ways of controlling or reducing the amount of air pollution caused by the car.First, we can discourage the use of cars. For example, we can put higher taxes on petrol and on cars themselves - especially the larger ones that use a lot of petrol.(3)Second, we can encourage alternative methods of transport both between and within urban areas. For instance, we can make train and bus services cheaper and more convenient. And we can build a mass transit system in large cities, particularly an underground railway system such as those in London, New York, Moscow and Tokyo.Next, we can use a different and cleaner fuel for the internal combustion engine with other designs.Fourth, we can replace the present internal combustion engine with other designs. There are several possibilities being researched at present, such as electric, gas turbine, and “steam” engines. However, each of these engine designs has its own disadvantages.(4)Last but not the least, we are trying to control the emissions from the internal combustion engine much more strictly. This, for example, is a catalytic converter, which converts the most dangerous ingredients of the car exhaust into water and harmless gases.As I’m sure you can see, there are problems with each of these ways; but at least they’re a step in the right direction. Probable the best answer is a synthesis of all five. Part III Chinese-English Translation (20%)Directions: Translate the following paragraph for the Chinese into English. Please write your short essay on the ANWER SHEET.各国文明的多样性，是人类社会的基本特征，也是推动世界文明进步的重要动力。
2020-2021年武汉大学英语专业考研真题、参考书、复录比、考研经验分享
2020-2021年武汉大学英语专业考研真题、参考书、复录比、考研经验分享2019年武汉大学招生目录考试科目英语语言文学考试科目：①101思想政治理论②243二外俄语或244二外日语或245二外法语或246二外德语③611基础英语④801英语综合（语言学、文学）参考书：张培基、俞云根等编：《英汉翻译教程》，上海外语教育出版社章振邦：《新编英语语法教程》（修订本），上海外语教育出版社H.H.Stern：《语言教学的基本概念》，上海外语教育出版社1999年版张伯香编：《英国文学教程》（修订本上下册），武汉大学出版社吴定柏：《美国文学大纲》，上海外语教育出版社郭著章、李庆生编：《英汉互译实用教程》，武汉大学出版社推荐资料：《2019武汉大学611基础英语考研复习精编》《2019武汉大学611基础英语考研冲刺宝典》《2019武汉大学801英语综合考研复习精编》《2019武汉大学801英语综合考研冲刺宝典》英语翻译考试科目：①101思想政治理论②211翻译硕士英语③357英语翻译基础④448汉语写作与百科知识2018年翻译硕士（英语）题型分析（记忆）211翻译硕士英语40道选择题，还好，难度中等，gre词汇还是要背一背改错题有点难，今年阅读比较简单，有一篇是专八练习的原题，讲star alliance 兼并的，作文是human activity makes the world a better place or harms it ?357英语翻译基础词条英汉互译各15个，今年热词考的比较多英译汉：1.Party Constitution；2.CPC national congress；3.oblique translation；4.BRICS；5.European Bank for reconstruction and development；6.polysystem theory,7.taxt exemption；8.text typology,9.property tax；10.craftsman spirit,11.trade and investment liberalization and convenience12.openess and inclusiveness翻译部分考了两篇英译汉是一篇关于语言学的什么二语教学应用学不是很懂汉译英是政府工作报告那种类型的，整整一页，什么提高执政本领啥的448汉语写作与百科知识今年百科其实还算简单，题型没变还是25个选择题，好多都是刘军平那本书上的原题还有1篇应用文，两篇作文应用文是关于申请教育部专项基金的，400字作文一篇是关于就业难问题的还有一篇是命题作文：明者懂得因时而变，知者善于因事而制参考书（初试指定教材）：211翻译硕士英语《高级英语》（修订本 1－2册），张汉熙等主编，外语教学与研究出版社（英语专业八级水平）357英语翻译基础《英汉互译实用教程》（修订第三版）郭著章、李庆生，武汉大学出版社；《实用英汉互译技巧》（修订版）汪涛，武汉大学出版社；《西方翻译理论通史》，刘军平，武汉大学出版社；《翻译者手册》，马萧，武汉大学出版社。
武汉大学硕士英语口语考试题目及答案参考
口语考试按照学号顺序进行，3人一组，每组3-4分钟；五个主题都要准备，考试时抽签确定一个主题1. CultureWhat problems could people have when they get to a new culture?What do you think are the major differences between western and eastern culture?Is it a good thing that some traditional customs of China have been affected by foreign cultures? 版本一：A: well, as we have learned from our text when we get to a new culture ,we will face w ith many problems such as language di f ferences, nonverbal misinterpretations, the presence of preconceptions and stereotypes and so on. But what do you think is the most troublesome ？B:For me, maybe it is the language that makes me confused . Language is the basement of communication w ith foreigners. If we know very little about a foreign language or can’t speak it ,we can’t understand what foreigners express, just looking at them talking and laughing w ithout joining them.C: yeah ,language is an obvious di f ference between western and eastern culture. Language is influenced and shaped by culture. It reflects culture .But from my view point, there are many other major differences: the value di f ference, the food di f ference, the wedding di f ference and other differences.A: Sure ,you are right. In my opinion, the food and wedding di f ference can be concluded as customs di f ference. For food customs, westerners pay more attention to the nutrition of food, however we Chinese prefer the beauti f ul color , good smell of a dish, even the nutrition is lost in the process of cooking. But now, it seems that traditional food customs of China have been affected by foreign cultures.B; w ell, It is very common. Just look around , you w ill see how greatl y Chinese culture is affected by foreign cultures. You could easily see a rain of fast food around you, like KFC and McDonald, w hich have almost taken the place of our traditional Chinese food.C:E r., how ever, fast food is usually rich in calories and fat but low in nutrition. If w e go on depending on such kind of food, it’s bad for the whole nation’s health. T o some extent, It isn’t a good thing that traditional customs of China have been affected by foreign cultures.版本二：A: My best friend will go abroad for further education, she is so worried about the culture di f ference. I think the culture difference w ould be a great challenge for an eastern student, what do you think about this di f ference?B: Culture difference is really a big challenge for students not only at psychological level but also at the physiological[.fiziə'lɔdʒikəl] level. She will face a plenty of problems in daily life and in learning process. For example, if social reality pushes your friend to change her faith, ho w should she deal with?C: It sounds cruel. T o adapt to a complete new culture is a hard thing for us, especially for young students. But on the other hand, the students who go abroad also help the cultural exchange and culture integration.A: yeah, every coin has two sides, w hen two di f ferent cultures meet, they w ill absorb nutriment from the other and getpromoted in this communication. Do you agree w ith me?B: yes, of course. The history of every country or nationality is made up of its own development together w ith the new part learning from other country or nationality. We can see many examples now, right?C: yeah, absolutely right. I can give you some examples. We can see now in the w edding, Chinese bride w ear bridal veil instead of ancient clothes. This phenomenon reflects the influence western culture gi v e to E astern culture.2. Marriage and FamilyHow to maintain a happy marriage according to you?What do you think are the reasons for a rising divorce rate?How to bridge the gap between generations and what is your ideal parent-child relationship?A: Well, We have noticed that more and more people have been divorced in recent years. I think the reason should be different from family to family. In my point of view, with people’s gro w ing demand of free lives, more and more couples choose to divorce when they find they are not suitable for each other. What is your idea?B: I think maybe w omen have become more economically independent than they used to be. That means they needn't to depend on men for a living. They themselves are al s o the bread w inner. If their love is over or their marriage is dead, they won’t tolerate it.C: I have a different idea. Maybe, the couple married because of love, but they did not know ho w to maintain a happy marriage. It is vital of importance.It needs communication, honesty, understanding, commitment and so on. It is really a skill.A: Well, there are also some other problems to be solved . Besides the relationship of the couple , one also should pay much attention to the generation gap w ith the old in a family. Bridging the gap betw een generations may help to maintain a happy family.B:yeah ,you are right. The young and the old should have an open talk and tell each other w hat they think about certain problems and solve the problems together. In a word, to bridge the gap between generations , patience and mutual understanding are necessary.C: In another way, parent-child relationship is al s o important to maintain a happy family. In my opinion ,in an ideal relationship, parents can make friends w ith children. They communicate frequently with their children about funny things in the school and get to know their experiences and thoughts. So, marriage brings so many things----complex but very happy.3. EconomicsWhat should the government do when so many college graduates are facing employment problem? Should we stop college enrollment expansion? Why or why not?Why do we need to reform "hukou" policy? Is it the time to put an end to the policy?A: As we all know, the employment problem is caused by many reasons. I think, the government should take measures in many aspects. For example, some enterprises refuse to employ nonlocal persons, the government should reform “hukou”policy to ensure that persons form different places can acquire equal employmentopportunities .Do you think so ?B: So it is .The “hukou” policy makes it di f ficult for us to find jobs in many cities such as Beijing, shanghai, Guangzhou and etc. But I think it still can’t solve the problem, the government should provide more job opportunities. Only in this way can we make more choices when w e find jobs .C: Yeah ,I think the most important thing is that the government should reform the college education . Because there are so many graduates in China every year, but the society don’t need so many employees. So we need to stop college enrollment expansion.A: But the ( college enrollment) expansion can make more students have the opportunities to accept high education.B:I think your opinion is right. But what w e should think more is how to solve the problem . Moreover, many people can choose to learn practi c e skills instead of staying in the college.C: Yeah, I think if the government takes some useful measures, we believe that we can finally sol v e the employment problem.4. Man and NatureWhat do you think is the most serious environmental problem in China?What can we do to protect the environment?Why do today's people long for a "return to nature"?Are we facing energy crisis now?A: As we all know China is facing w ith so many environmental problems such as environmental pollution, ecological damage, energy crisi s and so on. Which one do you think is the most prominent problem?B: All of us can feel that the nature has been destroyed severely. In my opinion, the most obvious problem is the pollution of the environment——water pollution, air pollution, noise pollution and so on. When we’re walking on the road, we even can’t breathe the clean air .C :I could’t agree w ith you in some degree,I think that energy crisis problem is so obvious that we can’t ignore it. But many people don’t have the consciousness of rational utilization of energy. So it is time for us to take measures to protect the environment.A: So it is .I think it is everyone’s duty to protect our environment. In our daily life, we should get a good habit such as save w ater,save electricity and so on. It is also necessary to advocate others to act together.B: E r, As individuals, we must do something from now——start from the little things and try our best to protect our nature.Only in this way can we live in a harmonious environment.C: Yeah, it’s lucky that more and more people have come to realize the importance of environmental protection now, many people are trying to make friends w i t h nature. I believe that we can get on well w ith the nature one day.5. LiteratureHow do you like JinY ong's novel? Which character most impresses you? Why?Do people need good education to become a good writer? What do you think make a successful writer?Has internet technology ever changed people's reading habit? How?A: hello, I have been reading JinYong’s novels these days. When I finished reading<倚天屠龙记>, the character ZhaoMin impressed me most. She is really a lovely and smart lady, she dares to pursue her own love with her family’s opposition. Have you ever read JinYong’s novel?B: of course, JinYong’s novels have influenced many teenagers, especially in 1990s. on the other hand, JinYong is one of the most famous writers in China.I think his education is a factor in his success.C: yeah, that’s right, but on the other hand, his life experience also has an important influence on his works. And without li f e experience, one can’t create excellent work s.A: I agree w ith you, education and experience make a writer. Currently, more and more persons tend to read novels online instead of reading books. This i s so di f ferent with us, do you think so?B: I have noticed this phenomenon. With the progress of science and technology, computer has entered more and more families, children are accustomed to doing almost everything online.C: yeah, I think it reflects the development of society, but it is a pity to stop reading books.。
武汉大学考博英语-9
武汉大学考博英语-9(总分：86.50，做题时间：90分钟)一、Part Ⅰ Reading Comprehension(总题数：4，分数：31.50)The geology of the Earth"s surface is dominated by the particular properties of water. Present on Earth in solid, liquid, and gaseous states, water is exceptionally reactive. It dissolves, transports, and precipitates many chemical compounds and is constantly modifying the face of the Earth.Evaporated from the oceans, water vapor forms clouds, some of which are transported by wind over the continents. Condensation from the clouds provides the essential agent of continental erosion: rain. Precipitated onto the ground, the water trickles down to form brooks, streams, and rivers, constituting what is called the hydrographic network. This immense polarized network channels the water toward a single receptacle: an ocean. Gravity dominates this entire step in the cycle because water tends to minimize its potential energy by running from high altitudes toward the reference point that is sea level.The rate at which a molecule of water passes through the cycle is not random but is a measure of the relative size of the various reservoirs. If we define residence time as the average time for a water molecule to pass through one of the three reservoirs--atmosphere, continent, and ocean--we see that the times are very different. A water molecule stays, on an average, eleven days in the atmosphere, one hundred years on a continent and forty thousand years in the ocean. This last figure shows the importance of the ocean as the principal reservoir of the hydrosphere but also the rapidity of water transport on the continents.A vast chemical separation process takes places during the flow of water over the continents. Soluble ions such as calcium, sodium, potassium, and some magnesium are dissolved and transported. Insoluble ions such as aluminum, iron, and silicon stay where they are and form the thin, fertile skin of soil on which vegetation can grow. Sometimes soils are destroyed and transported mechanically during flooding. The erosion of the continents thus results from two closely linked and interdependent processes, chemical erosion and mechanical erosion. Their respective interactions and efficiency depend on different factors.（分数：8.00）(1).According to the passage, clouds are primarily formed by water ______.（分数：2.00）A.precipitating onto the groundB.changing from a solid to a liquid stateC.evaporating from the oceans √D.being carried by wind解析：根据短文，云层主要是靠海洋中的水蒸发而成的。
2015年武汉大学英语翻译硕士MTI真题及答案解析
2015年武汉大学英语翻译硕士MTI真题及答案解析(1/40)Vocabulary第1题His natural______ saved him from being spoilt by fame and success.A.honestyB.simplicityC.modestyD.morality下一题(2/40)Vocabulary第2题Patriotism was the army captain´s______when he spoke at our school assembly.A.themeB.theoremC.thesisD.theory上一题下一题(3/40)Vocabulary第3题A modern ship has its______in the hollowed log used by primitive peoples.A.protonB.patternC.predecessorD.prototype上一题下一题(4/40)Vocabulary第4题You should______the wheels of your bicycle to reduce the friction.belB.illustrateC.lubricateD.manipulate上一题下一题(5/40)Vocabulary第5题A person ought to conform the______of behaviour.A.patternsB.modelsC.modesD.norms上一题下一题(6/40)Vocabulary第6题Travel can be an excellent______to one´s education.plementpletionponentpetitor上一题下一题(7/40)Vocabulary第7题The______to the contract must be signed by two witnesses.A.assignmentB.attachmentC.assessmentD.alignment上一题下一题(8/40)Vocabulary第8题He accepted______for the damage done to the car.A.libertyB.liabilityC.licenseD.likelihood上一题下一题(9/40)Vocabulary第9题If the main power line fails, the hospital will use its______generator.A.residualB.subordinateC.obedientD.auxiliary上一题下一题(10/40)Vocabulary第10题The big searchlight______a spot a mile away.A.ignitesB.stimulatesC.illuminatesD.illustrates上一题下一题(11/40)Vocabulary第11题His newly published novel enjoys great______.A.attentionB.likelihoodC.popularityD.controversy上一题下一题(12/40)Vocabulary第12题The young mother looked at her sleeping baby with a(an)______smile.A.elegantB.earnestC.radiantD.radical上一题下一题(13/40)Vocabulary第13题Always tell your neighbours when you are going, as a______against burglary.A.safeguardB.hindranceC.sacrificeD.violation上一题下一题(14/40)Vocabulary第14题The plate dropped on the floor and______into little pieces.A.smashedB.crashedC.crackedD.crushed上一题下一题(15/40)Vocabulary第15题Having rooms in which to study will not______, we must also have the time to use them.A.sufficeB.satisfyC.quantifyD.rejoice上一题下一题(16/40)Vocabulary第16题Their______fault was a failure to recognize all the factors involved.A.infiniteB.inherentC.potentialD.sole上一题下一题(17/40)Vocabulary第17题Marilyn came back from her vacation with______arms and face.A.tanB.tameC.blackenedD.freshened上一题下一题(18/40)Vocabulary第18题The wagon trains had to______Indian territory to reach California.A.transferB.transverseC.traverseD.transport上一题下一题(19/40)Vocabulary第19题The propeller began to______, and the small plane started down the runway.A.rollB.whirlC.ventilateD.roar上一题下一题(20/40)Vocabulary第20题The government´s recent statement of the unemployment does not______with the facts.A.accordB.conformmenceD.consent上一题下一题(21/40)Vocabulary第21题They planned to______in the middle of the night, when the guards were asleep.A.go offB.run outC.break offD.break out上一题下一题(22/40)Vocabulary第22题It´s pretty windy. You´d better______your hat.A.add up toB.lend itself toC.hold on toD.stand up to上一题下一题(23/40)Vocabulary第23题She´s playing so well this year that people expect her to______all the big prizes again.A.carry onB.carry offC.carry outD.take off上一题下一题(24/40)Vocabulary第24题When he arrived, he found______the aged and the sick at home.A.nothing butB.none other thanC.none butD.no other than上一题下一题(25/40)Vocabulary第25题As teachers we should concern ourselves with what is said, not what we think______.A.have to be saidB.must sayC.ought to be saidD.need to say上一题下一题(26/40)Vocabulary第26题______, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor.A.Other things to be equalB.Were other things equalC.To be equal to other thingsD.Other things being equal上一题下一题(27/40)Vocabulary第27题I am sure he is up to the job______he would give his mind to it.A.in caseB.untilC.if onlyD.unless上一题下一题(28/40)Vocabulary第28题If tap water were as dangerous as some people think, ______would be getting sick.A.a lot of more usB.a lot more of usC.more a lot of usD.a lot of us more上一题下一题(29/40)Vocabulary第29题Our modern civilization must not be thought of as______in a short period of time.A.being createdB.to have been createdC.having been createdD.to be created上一题下一题(30/40)Vocabulary第30题Most of the people who______two world wars are strongly against arms race.A.have lived outB.have lived throughC.have lived onD.have lived with上一题下一题(31/40)Vocabulary第31题An Olympic Marathon is 26 miles and 385 yards, approximately______from Marathon to Athens.A.distanceB.is the distanceC.the distanceD.the distance is上一题下一题(32/40)Vocabulary第32题Scientists say it may be five or ten years______it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.A.sinceB.beforeC.afterD.when上一题下一题(33/40)Vocabulary第33题I walked too much yesterday and ______are still aching now.A.my leg´s musclesB.my muscles of legC.my leg musclesD.my muscles of the leg上一题下一题(34/40)Vocabulary第34题Sir Denis, who is 78, has made it known that much of his collection______to the nation.A.has leftB.is to leaveC.leavesD.is to be left上一题下一题(35/40)Vocabulary第35题Jean doesn´t want to work right away because she thinks that if she______a job she probably wouldn´t be able to see her friends very often.A.has to getB.were to getC.had gotD.could have got上一题下一题(36/40)Vocabulary第36题The world´s supplies of copper______.A.have been gradually being exhaustedB.has gradually exhaustedC.are gradually exhaustedD.are being gradually exhausted上一题下一题(37/40)Vocabulary第37题Hitler______in his room.mitted suicideB.got committed suicideC.was committed suicideD.was suicide上一题下一题(38/40)Vocabulary第38题Bill got up and made a motion that the meeting______.A.be adjournedB.should cancelC.be going to cancelD.is to adjourn上一题下一题(39/40)Vocabulary第39题It is no good______persuade me.A.for you to try toB.trying toC.of you toD.of you to try to上一题下一题(40/40)Vocabulary第40题The main trouble is______enough knowledge.A.their not havingB.them not havingC.theirs not havingD.for them to not have上一题下一题(41~50/共30题)Reading ComprehensionProofreadingBefore 1973, abortion was illegal in America unless thewoman´s health was threatened. In March of 1970, Jame Roe, asingle woman, instituted this federal action against the District attorney of the county. The original idea was that women who truly didnot want a baby should not have to have it. __41__Since pregnancy may be a blessed act when planned or wanted, __42__ forced pregnancy, like any forced bodily invasion, is anathema to American values and traditions. As legalized abortion has become an everyday part of American life, a different side to it has emerged out. __43__ Where women once were aborting because they did not want a child, the reasons being given now were becoming very different. __44__ Abortion has turned into something that women are being coerced from boyfriends/husbands unwilling to be fathers, out of fear __45__of the financial pressure, out of panic from losing their jobs, out ofpanic from having to quit the school, or becoming homeless, or out__46__ of fear of their parents kicking them out into the street.Abortion for these reasons can lead to problems which developwhen a woman is unable to get round her emotional responses resul- __47__ ting from the trauma of an abortion. There are women who abort anddo so completely of her own free will. These women have no regrets, __48__ no remorse, but are happy they had this choice available. But __49__a growing number of women are speaking up about how abortioneffected them adversely. __50__第41题第42题第43题第44题第45题第46题第47题第48题第49题第50题上一题下一题(51~55/共30题)Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionIn developing a model of cognition, we must recognize that perception of the external world does not always remain independent of motivation. While progress toward maturity is positively correlated with differentiation between motivation and cognition, tension will, even in the mature adult, militate towards a narrowing of the range of perception and in the lessening of the objectivity of perception.Cognition can be seen as the first step in the sequence of events leading from the external stimulus to the behavior of the individual. The child develops from belief that all things are an extension of its own body to the recognition that objects exist independent of his perception. He begins to demonstrate awareness of people and things which are removed from his sensory apparatus and initiates goal directed behaviors. He may, however, refuse to recognize the existence of barriers to the attainment of his goals, despite the fact that his cognition of these objects has been previously demonstrated.In the primitive being, goal-directed behavior can be very simply motivated. The presence of an attractive object will cause an infant to reach for it; its removal will result in the cessation of that action. Studies have shown no evidence of the infant´s frustration; rather, it appears that the infant ceases to desire the object when he cannot see it. Further indications are that the infant´s attention to the attractive object increases as a result of its not being in his grasp. In fact, if he holds a toy and another is presented, he is likely to drop the first in order to clutch the second. Often, once he has the one desired in his hands, he loses attention and turns to something else.In adult life, mere cognition can be similarly motivational, although the visible presence of the opportunity is not required as the instigator of response. The mature adult modifies his reaction by obtaining information, interpreting it, and examining consequences. He formulates a hypothesis and attempts to test it. He searches out implicit relationships, examines all factors, and differentiates among them. Just as the trained artist can separate the values of colour, composition, and technique , while taking in and evaluating the whole work, so, too, the mature person brings his cognitive learning strengths to bear in appraising a situation.Understanding that cognition is separate from action, his reactions are only minimally guided from conditioning, and take into consideration anticipatable events.The impact of the socialization process, particularly which of parental and social group ideology , may reduce cognitively directed behavior. The tension thus produced, as for instance the stress of fear, anger, or extreme emotion, will often be the overriding influence.The evolutionary process of development from body schema through to cognitive learning is similarly manifested in the process of language acquisition. Auditing and speaking develop first, reading and writing much later on. Not only is this evident in the development of the individualhuman being from infancy on, but also in the development of language for humankind.Every normal infant has the physiological equipment necessary to produce sound, but the child must first master their use for sucking, biting, and chewing before he can control his equipment for use in producing the sounds of language. The babble and chatter of the infant are precursors to intelligible vocal communication.From the earliest times, it is clear that language and human thought have been intimately connected. Sending or receiving messages, from primitive warnings of danger to explaining creative or reflective thinking, this aspect of cognitive development is also firmly linked to the needs and aspirations of society.第51题It can be inferred from this passage that the author would support the attitude towards art appreciation that______.A.a work of art should not be analyzedB.analysis of a work of art makes for greater understanding of itC.understanding the life of the artist helps us to understand his workD.all mature people can understand art equally well第52题The statement which is neither implied nor stated in this passage is______.A.The child is concerned only with his own bodyB.The child learns to act in a way that will serve his desiresC.The infant´s attention can be distracted from an object by simply concealing itD.The infant finds it difficult to focus attention on more than one object at a time第53题It may be inferred from the passage that the effects of society on learning may be______.A.to enhance the individual´s motivation to learn as quickly as possibleB.too deter learning by reason of anxiety about possible conflict with ideologyC.to bring man´s knowledge within the scope of allD.to keep all learning at the same stage of development第54题The passage implies that______.A.speech is acquired through direct teachingB.the infant should be taught not to babbleC.infants who do not chatter will never learn to speakD.infants are born with the ability to speak but the ability to do so depends upon development of physical functions through non-verbal activities第55题It would appear from the passage that it would be useful for the parent of the newborn to______.A.give the infant what he needs before he criesB.teach the infant how to speak as quickly as possibleC.model speech sounds and encourage the infant to produce themD.refuse the infant´s demands until he makes them clear上一题下一题(56~60/共30题)Reading ComprehensionIn a reaction against a too-rigid, overrefined classical curriculum, some educational philosophers have swung sharply to an espousal of "life experience" as the sole source of learning. Using their narrow interpretation of John Dewey´s theories as a base for support, they conclude that only through "doing" can learning take place. Spouting such phrases as, "Teach the child, not the subject. " they demand, without sensing its absurdity, and end to rigorous study as a means of opening the way to learning. While not all adherents to this approach would totally eliminate a study of great books, the influence of this philosophy has been felt in the public school curricula, as evidenced by the gradual subordination of great literature.What is the purpose of literature? Why read, if life alone is to be our teacher? James Joyce states that the artist reveals the human situation by recreating life out of life; Aristotle that art presents universal truths because its form is taken from nature. Thus, consciously or otherwise, the great writer reveals the human situation most tellingly, extending our understanding of ourselves and our world.We can soar with the writer to the heights of man´s aspirations, or plummet with him to tragic despair. The works of Steinbeck, Anderson, and Salinger; the poetry of Whitman, Sandburg, and Frost; the plays of Ibsen, Miller, and O´Neil: all present starkly realistic portrayals of life´s problems. Reality? Yes! But how much wider is the understanding we gain than that attained by viewing life through the keyhole of our single existence.Can we measure the richness gained by the young reader venturing down the Mississippi with Tom and Huck, or cheering Ivanhoe as he battles the Black Knight; the deepening understanding of the mature reader of the tragic South of William Faulkner and Tennessee Williams, of the awesome determination-and frailty-of Patrick White´s Australian pioneers?This function of literature, the enlarging of our own life sphere, is of itself of major importance. Additionally, however, it has been suggested that solutions of social problems may be suggested in the study of literature. The overweening ambitions of political leaders-and their sneering contempt for the law-did not appear for the first time in the writings of Bernstein and Woodward; the problems, and the consequent actions, of the guilt-ridden did not await the appearance of the bearded psychoanalyst of the twentieth century.Federal Judge Learned Hand has written, " I venture to believe that it is as important to a judge called upon to pass on a question of constitutional law, to have at least a bowing acquaintance with Thucydides, Gibbon, and Carlyle, with Homer, Dante, Shakespeare, and Milton, with Montaigne and Rabelais, with Plato, Bacon, Hume, and Kant, as with the books which have been specifically written on the subject. For in such matters everything turns upon the spirit in which he approaches the questions before him. "But what of our dissenters? Can we overcome the disapproval of their " life experience classroom" theory of learning? We must start with the field of agreement-that education should serve to improve the individual and society. We must educate them to the understanding that the voice of human experience should stretch our human faculties, and opens us to learning. We must convince them-in their own personal language perhaps-of the " togetherness" of life and art; we must prove to them that far from being separate, literature is that part of life which illumines life.第56题According to the passage, the end goal of great literature is______.A.the recounting of dramatic and exciting stories, and the creation of charactersB.to create anew a synthesis of life that illumines the human conditionC.the teaching of morality and ethical behaviorD.to write about tragedy and despair第57题In the author´s opinion, as seen in this passage one outcome of the influence of the " life experience" adherents has been______.A.the gradual subordination of the study of great literature in the schoolsB.a narrowed interpretation of the theories of John DeweyC.a sharp swing over to "learning through doing"D.an end to rigorous study as a way of learning第58题As the author sees it, one of the most important gains from the study of great literature is______.A.enrichment of our understanding of the pastB.broadening of our approaches to social problemsC.that it gives us a bowing acquaintance with great figures of the pastD.that it provides us with vicarious experiences which provide a much broader experience than we can get from experiences of simply our own lives alone第59题The author´s purpose in this passage is to______.A.list those writers who make up the back bone of a great literature curriculumpare the young reader´s experience with literature to that of the mature readerC.advocate the adoption of the "life experience" approach to teachingD.plead for the retention of great literature as a fundamental part of the curriculum第60题The author´s reason for quoting Judge Hand is to______.A.call attention to the writing of Thucydides and CarlyleB.support the thesis of the author that literature broadens our understanding and stretches our facultiesC.point out that constitutional law is a part of the great literature of our pastD.show that everyone, including judges, enjoys reading上一题下一题(61~65/共30题)Reading ComprehensionIt has always been difficult for the philosopher or scientist to fit time into his view of the universe. Prior to Einsteinian physics, there was no truly adequate formulation of the relationship of time to the other forces in the universe, even though some empirical equations included time quantities. However, even the Einsteinian formulation is not perhaps totally adequate to the job of fitting time into the proper relationship with the other dimensions, as they are called, of space. The primary problem arises in relation to things which might be going faster than the speed of light, or have other strange properties.Examination of the Lorentz-Fitzgerald formulas yields the interesting speculation that if something did actually exceed the speed of light it would have its mass expressed as an imaginary number and would seem to be going backwards in time. The barrier to exceeding the speed of light is the apparent need to have an infinite quantity of mass moved at exactly thespeed of light. If this situation could be leaped over in a large quantum jump-which seems highly unlikely for masses that are large in normal circumstances-then the other side may be achievable.The idea of going backwards in time is derived from the existence of a time vector that is negative , although just what this might mean to our senses in the unlikely circumstance of our experiencing this state cannot be conjectured.There have been, in fact, some observations of particle chambers which have led some scientists to speculate that a particle called the tachyon may exist with the trans-light properties we have just discussed.The difficulties of imagining and coping with these potential implications of our mathematical models points out the importance of studying alternative methods of notation for advanced physics. Professor Zuckerkandl, in his book Sound and Symbol, hypothesizes that it might be better to express the relationships found in quantum mechanics through the use of a notation derived from musical notations. To oversimplify greatly, he argues that music has always given time a special relationship to other factors or parameters or dimensions. Therefore, it might be a more useful language in which to express the relationships in physics where time again has a special role to play, and cannot be treated as just another dimension.The point of this, or any other alternative to the current methods of describing basic physical processes, is that time does not appear-either by common experience or sophisticated scientific understanding-to be the same sort of dimension or parameter as physical dimensions, and is deserving of completely special treatment, in a system of notation designed to accomplish that goal.One approach would be to consider time to be a field effect governed by the application of energy to mass-that is to say, by the interaction of different forms of energy, if you wish to keep in mind the equivalence of mass and energy. The movement of any normal sort of mass is bound to produce a field effect that we call positive time. An imaginary mass would produce a negative time field effect. This is not at variance with Einstein´s theories, since the "faster" a given mass moves the more energy was applied to it and the greater would be the field effect. The time effects predicted by Einstein and confirmed by experience are, it seems, consonant with this concept.第61题The "sound" of Professor Zuckerkandl´s book title probably refers to ______.A.the music of the spheresB.music in the abstractC.musical notationD.the seemingly musical sounds produced by tachyons第62题The passage supports the inference that______.A.Einstein´s theory of relativity is wrongB.the Lorentz-Fitzgerald formulas contradict Einstein´s theoriesC.time travel is clearly possibleD.it is impossible to travel at precisely the speed of light第63题The tone of the passage is______.A.critical but hopefulB.hopeful but suspiciousC.suspicious but speculativeD.speculative but hopeful第64题The central idea of the passage can be best described as being which of the following?A.Anomalies in theoretical physics notation permit intriguing hypotheses and indicate the need for refined notation of the time dimension.B.New observations require the development of new theories and new methods of describing the new theories.C.Einsteinian physics can be much improved on in its treatment of tachyons.D.Zuckerkandl´s theories of tachyon formation are preferable to Einstein´s.第65题According to the author, it is too soon to______.A.call Beethoven a physicistB.adopt proposals such as Zuckerkandl´sC.plan for time travelD.study particle chambers for tachyon traces上一题下一题(66~70/共30题)Reading ComprehensionTwice as many girls as boys are being born in some Arctic villages because of high levels of man-made chemicals in the blood of pregnant women, according to scientists from the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme(Amap).The scientists, who say the findings could explain the recent excess of girl babies across much of the northern hemisphere, are widening their investigation across the most acutely affected communities in Russia, Greenland and Canada to try to discover the size of the imbalance in Inuit communities of the far north.In the communities of Greenland and eastern Russia monitored so far, the ratio was found to be two girls to one boy. In one village in Greenland only girls have been born.The scientists measured the man-made chemicals in women´s blood that mimic human hormones and concluded that they were capable of triggering changes in the sex of unborn children in the first three weeks of gestation. The chemicals are carried in the mother´s bloodstream through the placenta to the foetus, switching hormones to create girl children.Lars-Otto Reierson, executive secretary for Amap, said: " We knew that the levels of man-made chemicals were accumulating in the food chain, and that seals, whales and particularly polar bears were getting a dose a million times higher than that existing in plankton, and that this could be toxic to humans who ate these higher animals. What was shocking was that they were also able to change the sex of children before birth.The sex balance of the human race-historically a slight excess of boys over girls-has recently begun to change. A paper published in the US National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences earlier this year said that in Japan and the US there were 250,000 boys fewer than would have been expected had the sex ratio existing in 1970 remained unchanged. The paper was unable to pin down a cause for the new excess of girls over boys.The Arctic scientists have discovered that many of the babies born in Russia are premature and the boys are far smaller than girls. Possible links between the pollutants and high infantmortality in the first year of life is also being investigated.Scientists believe a number of man-made chemicals used in electrical equipment from generators, televisions and computers that mimic human hormones are implicated. They are carried by winds and rivers to the Arctic where they accumulate in the food chain and in the bloodstreams of the largely meat-and fish-eating Inuit communities.The first results of the survey were disclosed at a symposium of religious, scientific and environmental leaders in Greenland´s capital, Nuuk, yesterday, organized by the Patriarch of the Orthodox Church, Bartholomew I, which is looking at the effects of environmental pollution on the Arctic.Dr Reierson said the accumulation of DDT, PCBs, flame-retardants and other endocrine disrupters has been known for some time and young women had been advised to avoid eating some Arctic animals to avoid excess contamination and possible damage to their unborn children. Dr Reierson said blood samples from pregnant women were subsequently matched with the sex of their baby. Women with elevated levels of PCBs in their blood above two to four micrograms per litre and upwards were checked in three northern peninsula´s in Russia´s far east-the Kola, Taimyr and Chukotka-plus the Pechora River Basin.To check the results the survey was widened and further communities, including those on Commodore Island, were investigated. The results were now in for 480 families and the ratio remained the same.He said full results for the widening of the survey would not be published until next year but preliminary results for Greenland showed the same 2:1 ratio in the north.Aqqaluk Lynge, the former chairman of the Inuit Circumpolar Conference who hails from Greenland, said: "This is a disaster, especially for some 1 ,500 people who make up the Inuit nations in the far north east of Russia." Here in the north of Greenland, in the villages near the Thule American base, only girl babies are being born to Inuit families." The problem is acute in the north and east of Greenland where people still have the traditional diet."This has become a critical question of people´s survival but few governments want to talk a-bout the problem of hormone mimickers because it means thinking about the chemicals you use. "I think they need to be tested much more stringendy before they are allowed on the market. "第66题Why are their more girls than boys born in some Arctic villages?____第67题How did man-made chemicals in women´s blood affect the sex of the unborn children?____第68题What is the case in Japan and the US had the sex ratio existing in 1970 remained unchanged?____第69题How did scientists believe that a number of man-made chemicals used in electrical equipment get to the Arctic?____第70题When is the full result for the widening of the survey expected to be published?____。
武汉大学研究生英语考试题
IntroductionThe Wuhan University Graduate English Exam is an important part of the graduate school application process for students at Wuhan University. The exam is designed to evaluate the English language proficiency of students who wish to pursue graduate studies at the university. The exam consists of four parts: listening comprehension, reading comprehension, writing, and oral interview.Part I: Listening ComprehensionThe listening comprehension section of the exam consists of multiple choice questions. Students are required to listen to a passage and then answer questions based on the information they have heard. The passages are typically about academic topics, and students are expected to have a good understanding of academic vocabulary and sentence structures.Part II: Reading ComprehensionThe reading comprehension section ofthe exam consists of multiple choice questions and short-answer questions. Students are required to read passages and then answer questions based on the information they have read. The passages are typically about academic topics, and students are expected to have a good understanding of academic vocabulary and sentence structures.Part III: WritingThe writing section of the exam is designed to evaluate students' ability to express their ideas clearly and effectivelyin English. Students are required to write on a given topic within a specific time limit. They are expected to structure their writing effectively, use appropriate vocabulary and grammar, and support their ideas with evidence and examples.Part IV: Oral InterviewThe oral interview section of the exam is designed to evaluate students' ability to communicate effectively in English. Students are required to answer questions posed by the interviewer within a specific time limit. They areexpected to speak clearly and coherently, use appropriate vocabulary and grammar, and demonstrate a good understanding of the topic under discussion.ConclusionThe Wuhan University Graduate English Exam is an important part of the graduate school application process for students at Wuhan University. Students who wish to pursue graduate studies at the university are expected to have a good command of English. The exam isdesigned to evaluate their English language proficiency in listening, reading, writing, and speaking. By preparing well for the exam, students can demonstrate their ability to succeed in a rigorous academic environment.。
武汉大学 硕士英语试卷-带答案
English for Graduates (Paper A No. 20180110)I.Listening Comprehension (20%)Part One Directions:In this part you will hear 3 short talks. Each talk is followed by some questions. You will hear the talk and questions only once. Listen carefully and answer each question by choosing one from the four choices marked A, B, C or D. Then mark your answers on the Answer Sheet. (15%)Talk 1Questions 1-5 are based on the talk you have just heard.I. A. It will be the same size as the US economy.B.It will be almost the same size as the US economy.C.It will be twice the size of the US economy.D.It will be larger in size than the US economy。
2. A. In 2020 B. In 2025 C. In 2027 D. In 20503. A. China will be the first developing country with the world's largest economy.B.China will reverse the trend of westernization as a result of economic development and globalization.C.China will become the world's dominant country with very different civilizational rootsfrom the West.1D.Both A and C.4. A. He believes that it is general truth.B.He warns that it is a sign of hostility.C.He criticizes it as wishful thinking.D.He thinks that it is an illusion.5. A. They use western ideas and terms.B.They overestimate their cultural influence.C.They don't speak the Chinese language.D.They ignore the power of civilization.Talk 2Questions 6-10 are based on the talk you have just heard.6. A. A change of government.B.The map of deaths.C.Snow and Whitehead's continued efforts.D.Both B and C.7. A, Building the sewers in London.B.Responding immediately to the cholera outbreak in 1866.C.Providing better medical care to city dwellers.居民D.Telling everybody to start boiling their water in 1866.18. A. critical 批评的B. pessimistic 悲观的C. optimistic 乐观的 D. appreciative 赏识的9. A.People slowly realized that living in big metropolitan（大都会）cities is unsustainable as the crowdedness made outbreaks of diseases like cholera unavoidable.B.People began to realize that keeping domesticated animals and bad living habits increase the change of cholera outbreaks.C.People no longer think that it is a healthy thing to take drinking water from wells andpumps in crowded neighborhoods.D.People finally realized that sustainable living is possible in large metropolitan cities with the help of science and improved city management.10. A. New York City will be only 10% of its size.B.It has created a whole new way of life.C.New York City will collapse in on itself like Rome.D. H has spread the influence of Christianity.Talk 3Questions 11-15 are based on the talk you have just heard.11. A. My drawing will show them what God looks like.B.They will draw a picture of God.1C.I will teach them about God's look.D.Their pictures will show what God looks like.I2. A. 5 B. 4 C. 6 D. 1013.A. He was telling a lie because he was naughty.B.He was saying something in place of “frankincense”. 乳香C.He was blaming 指责Frank for his mistakeD.He was praising Frank for his performance14. A. They were born with artistic talents which were not used well.cators should realize that being wrong means being creative.C.They are frightened of making mistakes and stigmatize mistakes.D.Kids are not afraid of being wrong and are willing to try.15. A. Mistakes are the worst thing in the current national education system.B.The unpredictability of education is extraordinary.C.We are educating kids out of their creative capacity.D.It is easier to to be born an artist than to remain an artist as we grow up.Part TwoDirections:!!! this part, you will hear a talk twice and then write a summary of the talk.Your1summary should be around40 words. Please write your answer on Answer Sheet II. (5%) II. Vocabulary (25%)Directions: There are 25 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the center.16. Still, that_____of a robot means AlphaGo lacks the human touch required to manage employees. Counsel patients or adequately write flowing newspaper features about its own dominance over humans.A.cement 水泥B.virulent剧毒的C.implement 工具，器械D.detachment分离，分开17. Of course, the fact that Trump Was the ultimate media showman with a __________ of controversial political phrases that demand attention and response was a salient factor in his rise to power.A. rationale根据，基础理论B. revenue 收益，财政收入C. repertoire全部节目D. ritual仪式18.But as Walmart moves into the digital space dominated by Amazon, Amazon is________on the physical realm（领域）to win over more customers.A. encroaching侵占B. obliterating抹杀C. tarnishing使失去光泽D. facilitating促进，使便利19.Hong Kong returned from British to Chinese rule in 1997 under a ' one country, two1systems'' arrangement that guarantees a high degree of__________, including an independent （独立的）judiciary（司法机构）and freedom of expression.A. autonomy自治，自主权B. antecedent在先的C. variableD.orientation20.The summit（峰会，高层会议，最高级的）website has posted___________to victims（受害人）of bombings in Iraq and cyclones in the Caribbean-but nothing on what international aid（帮助）agencies describe as the worlds most urgent（紧急的）humanitarian（人道主义的）crisis（危机）.A. cassava木薯B.cognition认知C.credence凭证，信任D. condolences同情，哀悼21.Nishikori, who underwent（经历，承受）elbow（n.肘部，弯头，扶手，弯管vt.用肘推挤）surgery（外科手术）and was sidelined（v.使靠边）for almost a year in 2009, chose________instead of surgery to treat his wrist(手腕) injury.A. Rehabilitation修复，康复B.approbation 认可，赞许，批准C. distortion扭曲，变形D. depersonalization 去人性化，失性22.Asset managers have defined their mission as maximizing the market value of their clients’________, and in turn demand that firms maximize profits.A. profiles侧面，外形，轮廓B. portfolios投资组合C.paradigms范式D. perceptions观念，认识，感知23.A TV show which depicted（[dɪˈpɪkt] 描述，描绘）a bizarre（[bɪˈzɑr]奇怪的）love story1between a nine-year-old boy and an 18-year-old woman has been pulled off air followingcriticism（[ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm]批判）that it promoted child marriage and was________.A. progressive进步的B.discursive离题的，离谱的C. regressive逆行的，退化的D.impervious无动于衷的，不受影响的24. On the timeline, the industrial age has________suddenly and the digital age is blasting off（爆破，发射）in new directions.A. fallen away离开B. fraught with充满C. fallen out 消失D. taken out 取出，除去25.Illegal（非法的）crossings have ticked upward（上升）again but remain well below historic （历史的）levels.and the perception（认知，感知）of tougher（坚强的，严格的）law enforcement（执行）appears to remain a ___________to would-be immigrants.A. dehumanization 非人性化B.dispensation分发，分配C. disposal处置D. deterrent 威慑力量；制止的，遏制的26.Global warming in the 21st century is taken as the result of the typically（典型的）______ greenhouse gas concentrations（浓度）that substantively（实质上）interrupt the normal operation of nature.A. anthropogenic人为的B. ecological生态C. meteorological气象D.biological生物学的27.Top administration officials continue to claim the bill will more than pay for itselfby________a flood of economic activity that expands the tax base.1A. confounding使困惑，使惊讶，混淆B. unleashing释放C. vanquishing征服，战胜 D. harnessing v.治理；n.马具28.Rather than_____disputes between buyers and sellers, the internet companyenabled forums and message boards, as well as the ability to rate users and leave reviews.A.warranting保证B.remitting免除，赦免C. mediating调解D.participating参与29.The new museum, located along Kalella Avenue, features a largeglass and a 10,000-square-foot balcony(阳台) that bathes（沐浴）the interior（内部）with natural light.A. lime石灰B.azalea杜鹃花C.skeleton骨骼，框架D.facade外表，建筑物正面30.During his as deputy（副的）secretary（秘书）, he pushed for greater disclosure（披露）of prices associated with medical services to help foster（抚养，培养）competition（竞争者，竞赛）and contain costs.A. tenure任期，占有期B.temerity鲁莽，冒失C.tableau （人构成的画面或场景，戏剧性场面）D.torso人体躯干，未完成的作品，躯干雕塑品nd or buildings make particularly good because they tend to increase in value, and it’s hard to hide them from creditors（债权人）or banks.A.bulk体积，大块，大量B. cyclone 龙卷风C. collateral抵押物D.vector矢量，航向32.The RealReal's experiment last December in New York revealed a particular_______between on-line and off-line shopping, and a customer base ready and willing to1combine the two.A. synergy协同作用B.stereotype陈规陋习C.strategy策略D.subsidy补贴33.If the slowdown（减速）in new development is_____________of a decline in luxury sales，then the strength of apartment sales may suggest a surge in the entry-level and mid-level markets.A. boundB.relevantrmed了解情况的，见多识广的D.symptomatic症状的34.Wipe the apples clean, then chill them in an ice bath to bring the temperature downso the_______heat doesn't cook the apples.A.marginal边缘的B.empirical经验主义的C. confidential机密的D.residual剩余的，残渣35.Marble went on to say Americans enjoy multicultural（多元化）food but cautioned（警告，小心）that people also need to consider whether they are__________to any diseases because of their genetic（遗传的）makeup（补充，构造，体格）.A.Predisposed使用预先有倾向，使易于患病B. proposed（提出，被提议的，所推荐的）C. stipulated（v规定，约定;adj.合同规定的）D.divulged吐露，泄露36.What additional secrets the Russian hackers may have ________ from multiple agencies, by turning the Kaspersky software into a sort for Sensitive information, is not yet publicly1known.A.bemused困惑的B.gleaned搜集，拾得C. ameliorated改善D.infested侵扰的，为患的37.At least three of their six children have a rare neurological（神经学的，神经的）illness that manifests（清单）itself around age four, causing mental ______, loss of the use of their limbs and, later. death.A. incineration焚烧，火葬B. retardation阻滞，延迟C.Connotation内涵，含义D.alleviation缓解，缓和38. Google is resisting a legal request to disclose salary records in a gender discrimination （歧视）lawsuit（诉讼）, marking the technology company’s latest efforts to prevent _________ of how much it pays its female employees.A.ambiguity模棱两可，含糊B. variability易变性C. Scrutiny仔细审查D.allergy过敏，反感，厌恶39.To teach a computer to learn takes _________ reasoning—that is, using data from a small number of instances to generate hypotheses and theories that apply to a very large number of cases.A. inductive归纳的，敏感的，诱导的B.deductive推论的，演绎的C.conductive传导的D. iterative重复的，迭代的40.Building owners in commercial or high-density（高密度）residential（住宅的）zones also1can get city permission to convert apartment buildings for_______occupancy and rent themout for short stays.A. transparent透明的B. transient短暂的，临时的，瞬态，疏忽C. tangible n.有形资产;adj.确实的，真实的，实际的D. tertiary adj.第三的，第三期的，第三纪的；n.第三系，第三纪，第三级教士111. Reading Comprehension (20%)Directions: Read the following passages and choose the best answer to each question. Passage IEvidence-based Fitness ProgramsThere is a new methodology of practicing fitness called evidence-basedfitness.”It is the conscientious,explicit and judicious (明智的) use of current ‘best”evidence in making decisions about the care of members and clients. This new paradigm in fitness is gaining traction as a result of the current trend in medicine to use evidence-based methods. Basically, the practice of evidence-based fitness means integrating individual clinical expertise with the best available external clinical evidence from systematic research. In other words, take the best scientific evidence. apply it not to large groups. but to individual clients. Most fitness professionals depend on anecdotal information to establish exercise prescriptions for clients and members. Designing exercise prescriptions on antiquated formulas and the “one size fits all”ideology are fraught with error and dangerous not only for the healthy member, but especially for those ‘at risk.”With the increasing number of at-risk individuals joining fitness centers. using the evidence-basedmethod should he a no-brainer （显而易见的结论) . Everyone is different, so dispensing（分1配，施予）generalized exercise advice to millions of individuals will not produce optimal (最佳的) results.What’s driving the trend?Several factors are contributing to the use of evidence.based practice in the fitness industry. One is that hospitals are experiencing a decline in net revenue due to changes in state and federal regulations, and they are looking outside their traditional model of sick care for reimbursement(赔付) strategies. They are attempting to capitalize on what more than 15,000 fitness centers across the U.S. already know:Fitness/Wellness is a prosperous industry. According to the annual report published by the Medical Fitness Association(MFA), there arc an estimated 875 hospital_associated fitness centers currently in the United States and Canada. They have seen an average growth of 12 percent annually since 1985. MFA predictions estimate more than 1,150 centers by 2010. Obviously, hospitals use the evidence-based model for patient care. and when they become more involved in the fitness industry, they will incorporate this methodology into the operation of their fitness facilities.Why evidence-based fitness?Improved quality of member care.One benefitofevidence-based fitness includes improved quality of member and client care. With a systematic and progressive approach based on independent clinical research, an appropriate periodized prescription can be formulated, progressing the client on an individualized. safe and guided course of Improved health.The promotion of critical thinking. Evidence-based practice requires that the professional1evaluate each client individually, review the literature and find the best methods to approach fitness needs. It isno longer acceptable to use a cookie cutter(一成不变的) approach to clients’health and fitness. Through critical thinking and evaluations of the literature, the professional is able to apply up-to-date and valid interventions.Third party reimbursement.One of the driving motives of the industry to incorporate evidence-based practice is third party reimbursement. Typically , health insurance companies will not reimburse for services unless they have proof the intervention was safe and effective in improving the health of their insured(保户). This requires appropriate documentation, which will be reviewed according to evidence-based practice.Building an evidence-based fitness programInitiating an evidence-based fitness program begins with the ability to collect data(member information). This is vital for two reasons. First, collection of members’health history and demographical(人口统计学的)information will allow staff to better create the exercise experience”through comparison to the population-based scientific data, and use critical thinking to create the “perfect” exercise prescription. Second. collecting client data and storing it according to specific groups, populations, disease risks. etc., allows that database to be queried (质疑) for any number of purposes,including case studies, variable specific research and outcomes management. For those critical thinkers.this translates into gold, relative to third party payers, test and automatically upload the monitor with the appropriate values to calculate the appropriate raining zones.It is also possible to monitor up to 30 individual heart rates within a radius(半径范围) of 100 yards on a laptop.Think of the practical use in circuit training-group cycling and special population1programming.Appropriate heart rates are identified.the workout is performed and the data is stored,Ah,the science of success!Equipment.On the strength side of the equation,computerized systems exists that attach directly to new existing equipment(some is proprietary 私有的and other work with any equipment),adding an “intelligent”dimension to the workout experience.Artificial intelligence allows the system to learn the users’ programs,and coaches them individually through their workout for better form,safety and confidence.It tracks their progress for the work-out and over time.On strength and cardio(心脏) equipment,a touch screen and/or key displays the workout for the particular piece of equipment.The intuitive system coaches the client relative to speed,form,heart rate etc.,and tracks the workout session.Behind the scenes,the exercise data from each station is transmitted to a central database,providing access to a wealth of information on individual progress and a unique set of motivational tools.The system can be accessed on the workout floor,staff station or on the web.It is imperative that the professionals and the organization implement evidence-based fitness to ensure the health and prosperity of their members,and secure their success in the industry.Fortunately,technology is keeping speed with the advances in healthcare and,in may scenarios,driving them.41.According to the text,the “evidence-base fitness” _________________.A.dispenses generalized exercise advice to millions of individuals.B.takes the best scientific evidence and applies it to individuals.C.takes individual clinical expertise and applies it to1large groups of people.D.depends on anecdotal information to establish exercise prescriptions for clients.42.All the following reasons drive the trend to use “evidence-base fitness”,except that_____________.A.hospitals are experiencing a decline in net revenue.B.evidence-based methods become popular in medicineC.fitness is a prosperous industry nowD.m ore and more hospitals are merged.43.Evidence-based fitness program requires that the professional __________.e a cookie cutter approach to clients’ health and fitnessB.formulate a generalized prescription for clients.C.make and individual evaluation of each clientD.apply up-to-date interventions44.The first step to build an evidence-based fitness program is _____________.A.to have access to member informationB.to create exercise prescriptionsC.to negotiate with health insurance companiesD. to invite some fitness professional45.What helps people take farewell to the typical exercise program?A.state and federal government1B.TechnologyC.ReimbursementD.Medical Fitness Association46.Which should be given priority in selecting software?nguage of the softwarepatibility with other programsC.Innovative solutions and ease of useD.Link with other software packages47.What’s the most efficient and accurate way to physiologically test the client?A.Getting their appropriate thresholdsB.Clients’wearing a heart rate monitor during workoutsC.Conducting a metabolic restD.Automatically uploading the heart rate monitor48.Which of the following is not allowed by artificial intelligence regarding evidence-based fitness programs?A.Coaching client individually through their workoutB.Tracking the workout sessionC.Transmitting exercise data to central database1D.P lanning implementation and measuring the effectiveness of the programs.49.An appropriately established database is accessible to ________________.A.PhysiciansB.Staff in fitness centersC.ResearchersD.All of the above50.What’s the author’s attitude towards the evidence-based fitness programs?A.PositiveB.NegativeC.IndifferentD.DoubtfulPassage 2Over the past century southern black has evolved from a relatively sparse body of writings,mainly imitative of Euro-American literary forms and thematically focused on the plight of blacks in the South,to a sophisticated literary canon whose forms and meanings coalesce to give it distinct identity.The making of classifications by literary historians can be somewhat risky1enterprise.When Black poets are discussed separately as a group,for instance,the extend to which their work reflects the development of poetry in general should not be forgotten,or a distortion of literary history may result.This caution is particularly relevant in an assessment of the differences between Black poets at the turn of the century(1900-1909) and those of the generation of the 1920’s.These differences include the bolder and more forthright speech of the later generation and its technical inventiveness.When poets of the 1910’s are considered together,however,the distinctions that literary historians might make between “conservative”and “experimental”would be of little significance in a discussion of Black poets,although these remain helpful classifications for White poets of these decades.Certainly differences can be noted between “conservative”Black poets such as Counter Cullen and Claude McKay and “experimental” ones such as Jean T oomer and Langston Hughes.But Black poets were not battling over old or new styles;rather ,one accomplished Black poet was ready to welcome another,whatever his or her style,for what mattered was racial pride.Southern black poetry was basically undistinguished before the 1920s.Slave poet George Moses Horton and abolitionist Frances Ellen Watkins Harper were the most prominent,southern black voices in antebellum poetry.Some poets,such as Horton ,Adopted standard Euro-American poetic techniques and seldom wrote about racial issues.Still others,like Harper,used these standard forms primarily to concentrate on issues germane o southern black life.Post-Civil War poets Albery A. Whitman,George M.McClellan, and joseph S.Cotter,Sr.,at times wrote killfully about racial and nonracial topics in conventional poetic forms.1However, in the 1920s Black poets did debate whether they should deal with specifically racial subjects, They asked whether they should only write about Black experience for a Black audience or whether such demands were restrictive. It may be said, though, that virtually all these poets wrote their best poems when they spoke out of racial feeling, race being, as James Weldon Johnson rightly put it, "perforce the thing the Negro poet knows best”.At the turn of the century. by contrast, most Black poets generally wrote in the conventional manner of the age and expressed noble, if vague, emotions in their poetry. These poets were not unusually gifted, though Roscoe Jamison and G M. McClellen may be mentioned as exceptions They chose not to write in dialect, which, as Sterling Brown has suggested, "meant a rejection of stereotypes of Negro life. "and they refused to write only about racial subjects. This refusal had both a positive and a negative consequence. As Brown observes, "Valuably insisting that Negro poets should not be confined to issues of race, these poets committed an error. they refused to look into their hearts and write. These are important insights, but one must stress that this refusal to look within was also typical of most White poets of the United States at the time. They, too. often turned from their own experience and consequently produced not very memorable poems about vague topics, such as the peace of nature.Between 1900 and the 1970s the novel has been the most widely read and critically acclaimed genre in southern black literature. The manner in which it has concerned itself with the past distinguished it from the general black American novel, the southern white novel, and the Anglo-American novel. The southern white novel has generally dealt with the1effects of a real or an imagined past on a present generation, with characters grappling to come to terms with that past Typically, the southern black novel made the physical and psychological landscapes of the past a ing part of the novel; it recreated. repopulated, and critically examined the past as physical setting. Surprisingly, though, southern blacks produced few novels that can be strictly defined as historical novels.As the southern black novel evolved, from the 1 9th into the 20th century, its use of narrative voice blended with other features of southern black narrative prose to produce a particularly(but not exclusively) southern point of view in the black novel. For more than a century southern blacks wrote numerous prose narratives, which in their variety conformed to the autobiographical mode. There have been the fugitive-slave narratives and the ex-slave narratives; the spiritual social, political, and personal autobiographies; the confessionals, exemplary lives, the diary-type and journal-type autobiographies; as well as the autobiographical novel. At times, real-life experiences and incidents were the backdrop for fictional characters; at other times real-life characters become the nucleus around which true-to-life(fictional)experiences and incidents are presented. Southern black prose writers were so attracted to the autobiographical mode that in numerous prose narratives they drew a very thin line between fiction and fact.In another genre, southerners were among the earliest (if not the first) black short-fiction writers in America. Until well past 1900 southern black short fiction in the main was thematically bout the slave experience and its aftermath and conformed largely to changes and developments in the short story as an American art form. William Wells Brown, Frederick Douglass, Frances W. Harper, and a few other southern blacks wrote various types1of short prose fiction during the 19th Near the turn of the century Charles Waddell Chesnutt elevated southern black short fiction to the level of literary art. Many of Chesnutt's stories incorporated characteristics of the American local color movement and, regionally, several were classified as plantation literature. The tales of white southerner Thomas Nelson Page and those of Chesnutt exemplified the essential differences between black writers and white writers in approaches to the plantation South. Through characterization, theme, and incident black writers of the South repudiated the romantic image of the plantation. Chesnutt's Uncle Julius, for instance, contradicted the white portrayal of the faithful black servant, epitomized by Page's Sam and Joel Chandler Harris's Uncle Remus. The idyllic portrait of plantation life created by white writers was in stark contrast to the image Chesnutt and other blacks showed of a system infested with greed, inhumanity, deception, and cruelty.Southern black writers also embellished conventional short-fiction forms by adding features that reflected black life in the South. One such feature was the double entendre, a characteristic of narrative expression rooted especially in the secular and sacred music of the black South. A part of the trickster motif, it helped shape not only characterization but also plot structure, language, and meaning in the different forms of southern black short fiction. Chesnutt's The Conjure Woman(1899)exemplified the black writer's skillful use of double entendre.The merits of southern black literature have been widely acclaimed nationally and internationally. Ellisons Invisible Man won a National Book Award: McPherson's collection of short fiction. Elbow Room, was awarded a Pulitzer Prize, as was Alice Walker's novel The1Color Purple(1982). The numerous awards, prizes, and distinctions accorded to works by blacks of southern origin throughout this century testify to the place they hold within the larger world ofAmerican literature51. According to the passage, most turn-of-the-century Black poets generally did which of the following?A. wrote in ways that did not challenge accepted literary practice.B. described scenes from their own livesC Interpreted the frustrations of Blacks to an audience of Whites.D aroused patriotic feelings by expressing devotions to the land.52. According to the passage, an issue facing Black poets in the 1920's was whether they shouldA. seek a consensus on new techniques of poetry.B. turn away from social questions to recollect the tranquility of natureC. withdraw their support from a repressive society.D. write exclusively about and for blacks53. It can be inferred from the passage that classifying a poet as either conservative or experimental would be of "little significance"(Para. 3) when discussing Black poets of the 1910s and the 1920,s becauseA. these poets wrote in very similar styles1。
武汉大学《大学英语》2016-2017第一学期期末试卷(1)
武汉大学2016-2017学年度第一学期2017级《大学英语一级》期末试卷（A卷）2016年01月10日学号＿＿＿＿＿姓名＿＿＿＿＿院（系）＿＿＿＿＿考生注意事项：1．本次考试共计120分钟（08：30--10：30）2.09：00正式播放听力录音；3．在答题卡准考证号一栏添入自己的学号：4．准考证号一栏涂黑相应的阿拉伯数字（漏填或填错将影响卷面得分）；5．在试卷类型处涂黑A或B（机读卡的试卷类型在答题卡右上角，主观题答题卡试卷类型在答题卡上方。
两卡都要填写试卷类型，漏填或错填将影响卷面得分）；6．主观题部分（词汇、翻译、作文等）写在主观题答题卡上；7．考试结束时请将机读答题卡，主观答题纸和试题册一并交给监考人员（不交试题册者按零分处理）；8．请将姓名、学号等相关信息填入上栏（重修学生请在姓名后注明“重修”二字）。
9．考生联系方式审题人：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿Part I Listening Comprehension(25%)Section ADirections:In this section,you will hear eight short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once.After each question there will be a pause.During the pause. you must read the four choices marked A). BL. C) and D).and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line though the centre.I.A) She mst walk five miks.B)She must walk five or six blocks.C)She must walk to the comer for three blocks.D)She must tour two bbcks.2.A)He will do anything to make the soup.B)He can't eat any soup.C)He prefers another job.D)He doesn't want any dinner.3.A)He ade an improper turmB)He went the wrong direction on a one-way street.C)He got a one-way plane ticket.D)He sbwed down at the wrong time.4.A) She i too shy to apply for the job.B)She is peiful.C)She is quabfied.D)She is inteligent.5.A) The bus has broken down and will not arrive.B)The bus was debiyed by the traffic jamC)The bus will probably arrive at 9:15.D)The bus will arive tonighu.but the man isn't sure.6.A) The report might be short.B)The report might be bngC)The report has been finished.D)The report mighu be easy.7.A)Go to her sister's home.B)Go to make the phone callC)Go to the dinner.D)Go to the concert.8.A)James never comes bate.B)James i always bte.C)James is not surprised.D)James hates to wai.Section BDirectlons:In this section,you will hear TWO shon passages. At the end of each passage. you will hear some questions. Borh the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the bes answer fom the four choices marked A). B).C) and D1.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line though the centre.Questions 9 to 12 are based on the following passage:9.A)It helps the Estener to remember what has been sail.B) It interferes with listening comprehensionC)It has no effect on Estening comprehension.D) It helps the students with poor memory.10.A)50%B)80%C)90%D)100%11.A)They shoukd keep their notes as kong as possible.B)They should check ther notes wih other students.C)They should review their noles from time to time.D) They should never take notes when Estening.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the following passage:12.A)They speak several bngunges.B)They offen travel by air for free.C)They needn't work lke a wairess.D)They eam money and see the world at the same time.13.A)They can speak several langunges.B)They can do the simple job in the routine manner.C)They must kam abou psychology.D)They must work Eke a nurse sometimes.14.A)She must be able to carry oul the necessary procedure wih calm and efficiency.B)She must be able to expbin the situation in several anguages.C)She mst take the advantage of the psychology and the murse.D)She must estirate the work of the pilot exactly.15.A)Because she does the routine job effciently.B)Because she ik a charming waitress.C)Because she is a well-trained essential menber of the crew.D)Because she is able to communicate wih the passengers in several bingunges.Section CDirections:In this section,you will hear TWO passages. Each passage will be read TWICE. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with the information you get from the reconding.（注意：本部分请直接把答案写在主观答题纸上。
湖北省武汉大学附属外语学校2023-2024学年七年级下学期五月月考英语试题
武大外校2023-2024学年下学期5月月考七年级英语试题第I卷(选择题共85 分)第一部分听力部分一、听力测试(共三节)第一节(共5小题，每小题1分，满分5分)听下面 5 个问题。
每个问题后有三个答语，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每个问题后，你都有 5 秒钟的时间来作答和阅读下一小题。
每个问题仅读一遍。
1. A. Take the bus. B. Bus stop. C. It’s rainy.2. A. Two kilometers. B. About 15 minutes. C. Not far.3. A. No, we don’t. B. No, we didn’t. C. No, we can’t.4. A. South Africa. B. On Center Street. C. They’re lazy.5. A. Last weekend. B. It was great. C. I went to a farm.第二节(共7 小题，每小题 1 分，满分7 分)听下面7段小对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后，你都有10 秒钟的时间来作答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
6. Where do they want to go?A. The bookstore.B. The countryside.C. The new hospital.7. How much is a large bowl of beef noodles?A. 16 yuan.B. 18 yuan.C. 20 yuan.8. What can Jeff do?A. Play the guitar.B. Play the piano.C. Play chess.9. Where could Jane and her father be?A. In a library.B. In a restaurant.C. In a hospital.10. Who can help Nick’s mother with her cooking?A. Jill.B. Nick.C. The father.11. What does Tom’s sister look like?A. She is a beautiful girl with long curly hair.B. She is a beautiful girl with long straight hair.C. She is a beautiful girl with short curly hair.12. Who visited the science museum?A. Lucy did.B. Lily did.C. Both of them did.第三节(共13 小题，每小题 1 分，满分13 分)听下面 4 段对话或独白。
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19.____ by the police, the kidnappers had no choice but to surrender.
A.SurroundingB.Having surrounded
武汉大学专业学位研究生课程考试试卷
学院专业学位类别工程硕士专业领域考试科目英语（A卷）学年/学期班级
注意：所有答题内容必须答在答题纸上，凡答在试题或草稿纸上的一律无效。
Part I Vocabulary & Structure (20%)
Section A (10%)
Directions:Fill the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary.
Passage 1
Did you know that you could be sitting on a fortune without even realizing it? If you’re like most people, you have no idea that you probably have items of value put away that could put dollars in your pocket.
A. to build B. built C. build D. building
23.He often visited the grain mill of Peter, ____ to experiment with new things.
A. that liked B. whom liked
C. who liked D. which liked
C. Here had D. There had
29.You never told us why you were one hour late for the meeting, ____?
A. weren’t you B. didn’t you
C. have you D. did you
30.____, he would help us without any hesitation.
A. Were he here B. Was he here
C. If he is here D. Is he here
Part II Reading Comprehension (40%)
Directions:In this section there are 4 passages. Each passage is followed by 5 questions or unfinished sentences. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark your choice on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.
A. to stop the child to cry B. stopping the child to cry
C. stop the child crying D. to stop the child crying
18.The doctor found it difficult ____ this infection.
A. before B. in case C. unless D. as if
26.His family had almost forgotten ____ like.
A. how his face was B. which was his face
C. what his face was D. that his face was
A. heard the students talking B. heard the talk by the students
C. heard the students to talk D. heard the students talked
22.Many people favor ____ more nuclear power plants.
wrote his bookTrash(废物)Or Treasure. “This book has only one purpose: to makemoney for its readers,” says Hyman, who has authored 11 other books on sellingcollectibles, and has appeared on every major TV talk show.
13.The new type of computer is going to ____ the month after next.
A. turn out B. be turned out
C. will be turn out D. will turn out
14.The doctor suggested that she ____ for the time being.
C.SurroundedD.To surround
20.Having been served lunch, ____.
A. the committee members discussed the problem
B. the problem was discussed by the members of the committee
2._______________we have not received any replies from them.
3.The man became rich through making a wise _______________.
4.His failure_______________ not working hard enough.
Section B (10%)
Directions:From the choices given, choose the one that best completes the sentence.
11.It is necessary that one ____ an entrance examination to be admitted to a college.
8.The citizens had some ______________about the government’s policy.
9.My work hours are almost ______________to my daughters’ school hours.
10.The ______________act of a frightened person is to run away.
24.Do you know the exact time ____ the meeting will begin?
A. which B. when C. why D. as
25.I don’t think it’ll rain, but I’ll take an umbrella ____ it does.
A. will takeB. takeC. takesD. is to take
12.Before long, she ____ all about the matter.
A. will have forgotten B. will forget
C. will be forgotten D. will have been forgetting
instinctive range motivate to date favorable
investment identical skepticism frugal result from
1.The movie received generally____________________reviews.
C. little… less D. few… less
16.This tool is ___ that one.
A. as useful almost as B. as almost useful as
C. almost as useful as D. almost as useful than
17.It seems very difficult ____.
27.Was it he ____ broke the glass yesterday?
A. who B. and C. but D. has
28.____ a certain doubt among the students as to the necessity of the work.
A. It existed B. There existed
Elsie Gordon, fromFlorida, made $250 by going through the trash after herhusband had cleaned out the garage. She originally thought that the old car parts and oilymanuals she’d rescued might be worth $10.
A. will not smoke B. not smoke
C. would not smoke D. did not smoke
15.Can we do our work better with ____ money and ____ people?