医学细胞生物学第13章细胞的分裂和细胞周期
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mitosis
Microtubules and Motors in the spindle
1.A (): 2.B ():
mitosis
mitosis
----
rRNA
H1 ;
()
Animal Cell
DNA damage arrests the cell cycle in G1 by P53
p53
% %
56
157248273 30
50 175245248273 45
249
45
25
175248
44
273
22
175248273
44
273
22
248
44
248278 13
,
CDKs
(growth factor)
(PDGF) (EGF) (IL) (TGF) (NGF) (IGF) ......
G0 S
CDKs
1G1SS 2G2MM
(chalone)
CDKs
CDKI (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor) CDK, CDK
--G2
M MPFG2
Cell cycle
--M
RNA
1 , ""
2
----MPF
G1SG2M
G2M
----MPF
G2M
M , M M M
----MPF
G2M
M , G2M
G2 M M M MPF
----MPF
MPF
1MPF, M , M
2MPF CyclinCDK MPF
(repair)
G2-M check point
S check point
,
G1-S check point
G1-SSTART , G0 START S DNA START
G1-S S G2-M M
(detectsensor) (stoparrest) (repair)
CDKs
ubiquitin 76
Cyclin
CDKs
RbRb
RbE2F
cyclinD/E-CDKRbE2FG1S
Rb
Rb
CDKs
P53
P53P53
P53DNA G1 DNA P53DNA DNA P5350%
DNA , S
, 1 2
, ,
, 1 2
M M , ,
--G1DNA
RNA G1 1G1S 2SDNA G1SR
--SDNA
DNA GC AT DNA
DNA()TS()
--SDNA
DNA GC AT DNA
----
(cell division)
----
/
----
/
----
/
----
/
----
/
----
/
Cells are balanced between ---------life and death----------
Cyclin CDK CDKCyclin CDKCyclin Cyclin
, (check point) (restriction point)
, DNA, , , ,
M check point
G1-S S
G2-M M
(detectsensor)
(stoparrest)
----
O8 I I
meiosis
----
I
I
I
meiosis
----
I I I I
I
I
meiosis
----
II
II
II
II
2n
n
n
n
Meiosis
Vs
cell cycle, <5%(>95%);
DNA
G1SG2
DNA
G1SG2M G1
G1SG2M
30
1.53 12
20 1
G1
G1SG2M G1
G1SG2M G1
1,
2,
3G0, ,
1,
2,
3G0, ,
1,
2,
3G0, ,
, 1 2
, 1 2
proliferation
apoptosis
----
cell cycle
DNA
amitosis mitosis meiosis
amitosis
,
amitosis
In side the cell Mitosis-3
mitosis
mitosis
meiosis
2nn
meiosis
I
II
I I I I II II II II
meiosis
----
I I
I
I
I
I
I
meiosis
----
meiosis
----
()()
Z-DNA 0.3%
meiosis
----
50
meiosis
mitosis
mitosis
mitosis
----
H1 () ;
mitosis
----
H1 () ;
mitosis
----
H1 () ;
mitosis
----
H1 () ;
mitosis
3
MPF:G2M
,
----
Cyclin CDK
----
Cyclin CDK CDKCyclin
CDKCyclin Cyclin
Cdk1
----
Cdk4
Cdk2
Cdk1
Variable Cyclin and CDKs In Cell cycle phases
----
Mitosis-animal cell and onion
Plant Cell Mitosis-onion
Which phases can you see?
Metaphase
Anaphase
Prophase Interphase
Telophase
meiosis
百度文库
meiosis DNA ,n