2014考研英语 英译汉中分隔结构的翻译.doc
2014年9月中级口译笔试真题:翻译部分汇总(含答案)
2014年9月中级口译笔试真题:翻译部分汇总(含答案)第三部分英译汉第四部分汉译英SECTION 3: TRANSLATION TEST (1) (30 minutes)Directions:Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.ROBOTS came into the world as a literary device whereby the writers and film-makers of the early 20th century could explore their hopes and fears about technology, as the era of the automobile, telephone and aeroplane picked up its reckless jazz-age speed. Since moving from the page and screen to real life, robots have been a mild disappointment. They do some things that humans cannot do themselves, like exploring Mars, and a host of things people do not much want to do, like dealing with unexploded bombs or vacuuming floors. And they are very useful in bitsof manufacturing.But reliable robots-especially ones required to work beyond the safety cages of a factory floor—have proved hard to make, and robots are still pretty stupid. So although they fascinate people, they have not yet made much of a mark on the world. That seems about to change. The dramatic growth in the power of silicon chips, digital sensors and high bandwidth communications improves robots just as it improves all sorts of other products.【参考译文】起初机器人是以虚幻的文学形象出现在人们的视野里,20世纪早期的作家和电影人借此表达对科技的憧憬和畏惧。
考研英语翻译英译汉中常考重要考点
考研英语翻译英译汉中常考重要考点考研英语翻译英译汉中常考重要考点考研英语翻译部分,要求考生用精确地道的汉语翻译5个划线句子,介于两种语言的文化和表达差异,大家需要掌握翻译的方法技巧。
店铺为大家精心准备了考研英语翻译英译汉中常考的要点,欢迎大家前来阅读。
考研英语翻译英译汉中常考短语和句型一、翻译技巧翻译过程中包括两个阶段:正确理解和充分表达。
理解是表达的前提,而表达是理解的目的和结果,二者缺一不可,因此,考生在做英译汉部分试题时:(1)切记不可急躁,一定要先通读全文,把握全文的主旨、内容,把握划线部分的语境;(2)在着重理解划线部分时,首先要在语义上理清全句的整体意思和每个单词的意思;其次要分析清楚句子结构,理出句群,找出各分句之间的关系;(3)可考虑先打一份翻译草稿,再根据文章意义和汉语结构进行调整。
由于英语中一词多义的现象十分普遍,且英汉词典中给出的汉语解释未必全面,未必与英文的意思完全对等,这就给我们带来两方面的问题:第一,我们需要根据该多义词在其语言环境中的词类、搭配关系甚至是单复数形式来确定其基本意思;第二,在“忠实”的原则下,如果词典上的释义显得不“通顺”,那么为了“忠实”与“通顺”的统一,我们必须立足于原意,对其加以适当的引申。
选择词义的时候,要根据词在句中的词类及上下文的搭配关系来确定。
二、英译汉中常考短语和句型:(1)not that…but that…(2)can not…too…(3)other than(4)It is reported / asserted / believed / considered / said /supposed that…(5)nothing less than(6)anything but(7)nothing but(8)all but(9)but for(10)but that+从句(11)only to+动词(12)not so much…as…(13)not so much as(14)not nearly/far from(15)by no means (同义短语还有:in no way,in no case, in no respects, at no time, on no account, under no circumstance)(16)to say nothing of/ still less(常用于否定句后)(17)let alone(18)no more…than…(19)no more than(20)more…than…(21)more than(22)no less…than(23)no less than(24)apart from(25)no choice but考研英语9月复习重点及建议9月初许多同学都要返回学校,处理开学事宜,这段时间大家可能没有办法集中精力去复习。
2014考研英语真题解析:翻译
2014考研英语真题解析:翻译出国网考研英语真题频道为大家提供2014考研英语真题解析:翻译,欢迎大家参考借鉴!2014考研英语真题解析:翻译(49) Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.这句话的主语位置并没有如正常的主语是名词,出现在was前的是一个Especially significant,这是不能做主语的,故我们想到有特殊结构在这句话中的存在。
这个一个比较典型的表语前置的倒装,还原后语序应为his view of freedom was especially significant,这样看的话主干部分就很好理解。
这种倒装结构也是我们近年的真题的考察重点之一,比如在我们2012年英语一真题的Text 1中的最后一段,就出现了这样的结构:Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions. 而这句话也恰恰是这篇文章最后一道题的解题关键,这句话的准确理解决定了这道题的得分与否。
这类倒装结构的突破口在于:识别出be动词之前的内容是名词性的还是形容词性的,然后找到句子主干,判断出句子的正常语序,理清句中各部分的关系。
翻译时既可以按照主谓语的顺序翻译,也可以按照英语表达顺序翻译。
表语前置的倒装是广大考生觉得比较难分辨的语法点,希望大家注意。
第一时间解析2014考研英语大纲——翻译(英语一)
2014年考研英语(一)考试大纲中,Part C翻译部分没有发生变化,难度趋向稳定。
援引自考研英语大纲的具体要求(Part C部分):“主要考查考生准确理解概念或结构复杂的英语文字材料的能力。
要求考生阅读一篇约400词的文章,并将其中5个划线部分(约150词)译成汉语,要求译文准确、通顺、完整。
考生在答题卡2上作答。
”该部分总分为10分。
本题型从宏观层面上看,主要考查考生对中英文两种语言主要差异的理解,从微观上看,主要考查考生的词汇量、语法知识、对结构较为复杂英文句子的理解,尤其考查考生通过上下文理解词和短语含义的能力。
因此要做好英译汉题目,既要求考生有扎实的中英文功底,又要掌握英译汉的基本技能。
为了便于广大考研学子复习,海文考研第一时刻深度剖析新大纲,综合历年翻译部分的特点和规律,总结出大纲对今年英译汉部分的命题特点及规律,并以此为基础把握这部分的命题趋势,最终给出这部分的复习策略。
一、考研英语英译汉部分的命题特点通过对近十年历年试题的分析可知,英译汉部分试题的命制具有以下两个特点:第一,在文章的选材方面,翻译文章以议论文和说明文为主,多从报刊、杂志和书籍选取的自然科学、社会科学的文章片段,所选择的题材倾向学术文献,涉及到的内容比较抽象。
比如,2008年英译汉部分的主题是论达尔文的思想及其变化,摘自1949年出版的一本自然随笔和哲学论文集。
第二,在微观考点方面,词汇的考点非常灵活,常涉及如下几个方面:专有名词、熟词生义、代词还原等,需要考生掌握词义选择、词义引申、增词、减词及词类转换等常见的词法翻译技巧,并予以通顺、准确地表达。
如果在翻译时不考虑上下文的需要,照搬词典的解释,硬译成汉语,将使译文生硬,不能准确表达原文的意义。
句法翻译考点比较稳定,主要考查点包括:各类从句(定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句)、被动语态、以及比较结构、分隔结构等特殊的语法现象。
二、考研英语英译汉部分的复习策略基于考研英语翻译的特点,结合翻译实践中的具体方法,我们在这个题型的备考中应该重视以下几点:第一,不断拓展词汇深度,练习结合语境推测精确词义的能力。
2014考研英语一真题试题及答案(翻译)
2014考研英语一真题试题及答案(翻译)Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET(10 points)Music means different things to different people and sometimes even different things to the same person at different moments of his life. It might be poetic, philosophical, sensual, or mathematical, but in any case it must, in my view, have something to do with the soul of the human being. Hence it is metaphysical; but the means of expression is purely and exclusively physical: sound. I believe it is precisely this permanent coexistence of metaphysical message through physical means that is the strength of music.46) It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.Beethoven’s importance in music has been principally defined by the revolutionary nature of his compositions. He freed music from hitherto prevailing conventions of harmony and structure. Sometimes I feel in his late works a will to break all signs of continuity. The music is abrupt and seemingly disconnected, as in the last piano sonata. In musical expression, he did not feel restrained by the weight of convention. 47) By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works.This courageous attitude in fact becomes a requirement for the performers of Beethoven’s music. His compositions demand the performer to show courage, for example in the use of dynamics. 48) Beethoven’s habit of increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.Beethoven was a deeply political man in the broadest sense of the word. He was not interested in daily politics, but concerned with questions of moral behavior and the larger questions of right and wrong affecting the entire society.49) Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.Beethoven’s music tends to move from chaos to order as if order were an imperative of human existence. For him, order does not result from forgetting or ignoring thedisorders that plague our existence; order is a necessary development, an improvement that may lead to the Greek ideal of spiritual elevation. It is not by chance that the Funeral March is not the last movement of the Eroica Symphony, but the second, so that suffering does not have the last word. 50) One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.46. It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.【句型分析】本句主句主干为it is the reason,why引导定语从句,修饰the reason。
汉译英分译合译unit8
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第三,从关联词(如转折)处分译
• 例如: 声速随温度的升降会有轻微的增减,但不受气压的影响。 The speed of sound increases slightly with a rise in temperature and falls slightly with a decrease in temperature. ||It is not affected by the pressure of the air.
2
1、词汇、短语的合译
英文中很多单词,特别是副词、形容词包含多层含 义,在英译汉中需要分译,但在汉译英时就可以对 汉语进行结构整合,一个单词往往就可以代替汉语 的一个短句。
• 他对自己所取得的成就充满自豪,这也不是 没有道理的。
•He is justifiably proud of his achievement.
• 首先应理解原文层次,弄清所包含的层次的意思 以及各层次关系。 例如:中日两国是近邻,只隔一衣带水,我们两国关系
已有一千多年历史。
译:China and Japan are close neighbors separated by just a strip of water. || The relations between our two countries have a history of more than 1000 years. 分析:这句话有两层意思,一是中日两国一衣带水的近 邻关系,二是,两国悠久的历史。两大分句本身意义完 整,可以单独成句。 你想到了吗?
合译法与分译法2合译法汉译英的合译法英译汉的分译法两个或两个以上汉语句子合译成一个句子将汉语的复句译成英文单句311词汇短语的合译英文中很多单词特别是副词形容词包含多层含义在英译汉中需要分译但在汉译英时就可以对汉语进行结构整合一个单词往往就可以代替汉语的一个短句
谈考研英译汉中分隔结构的翻译
语或状语,对主语进一步做出范围上的限定,此时就造成了主 结构的清晰性。
语与谓语的分隔。另一种是搭配分隔,通常为了使句子结构
整个句子可译为:慢节奏——在美国又被称为“自甘淡泊”
保持平衡,或为了具体指出相应的程度、范围,一些固定搭配 ——已经讽刺性地孕育出一个新的可以命名为反消费主义的
中间被插入了一些成分,使固定搭配不那么“固定”。无论是 领域。
主谓分隔还是搭配分隔,分隔结构常常对考生造成极大困扰, 这就要求考生要有良好的语法基础,及时辨别出句子的基本 结构,将插入成分很好地剥离出来,然后再运用各种翻译方法,
2.2 前置法 (1)由副词或是介词短语作为插入成分,修饰整个句子时, 那么插入成分的汉语译文要放在所修饰的句子的最前面来翻
尽量使译文表达地准确、通顺。例如:
想更加突出,往往用其他句子成分将两个相近的句子成分分
句中的破折号起解释说明的作用,进一步说明与句子的
隔,这种现象被称为“分隔结构”。分隔结构主要有两种主要 主语 Downshifting 相关的信息;因为中文中也有这样的表达
类型,一种是主谓分隔,主语后面紧跟定语从句、同位语、插入 方法,即通过破折号把主语的具体信息引出,同时不破坏基本
reveal in sth.?的结构的话,就容易出现理解问题。
多,得分也普遍偏低;其中,英语句子中的分隔结构尤其
造成了考生理解和翻译上的困难。本文从分隔结构的
类型和句子中的作用出发,针对各种具体情况提出不同
的翻译方法,使得译文更加符合考研英语大纲对英译汉
部分的要求。
关键词 考研英语 翻译 分隔结构
中图分类号:H315.9
reveal 是及物动词,考生看到这里的时候应该有足够的敏
Whether to use tests,other kinds of information,or both in
大外翻译硕士2014年三科真题(回忆版)
大外翻译硕士2014年三科真题(回忆版)2014年大外翻译硕士MTI考研真题(回忆版)英语翻译基础题型是15个汉译英,15个英译汉,一个1分,共30分。
一、英译汉:1、Trusteeship Council2、carbon sink3、trade balance4、MDG5、sinking fund6、rotating EU presidency7、WIPO8、Nikkei index9、viral pneunomia10、the Bali Roadmap11、WHO Framework Convention on tobacco control12、UNCTAD13、photovoltaic technology14、The Doctrine of Mean15、Global Environment Facility二、汉译英:1、三农工作2、中国证监会3、《春秋》4、神九载人飞船5、二氧化硫6、人均可支配收入7、直辖市8、儒林外史9、外交豁免10、商务参赞11、缺席谈判12、现货交易13、戛纳电影节14、清明上河图15(我少抄写了一个,见谅)三、篇章翻译英译汉:是两篇文章,每篇大概不到300个单词吧。
第一篇是关于欧债危机的,原因及如何采取措施之类的。
第二篇先讲亚裔美国人是模范群体,随后介绍了他们生活中不如意的地方,其中有两个关键的生词不认识,影响了后面的整体翻译,一定要好好背单词啊,多多涉猎。
汉译英:中国的城镇化道路开头的的内容凭印象回忆好像是:大有大的难处,小有小的长处,中国幅员辽阔,农民居住分散,有安土重迁的传统乡土观念。
城镇化要以小城镇化为重点。
汉语百科知识一、名词解释:给了三段文章,从里面画出一些词语,要求进行名词解释1、三北工程、水土流失、生态系统、雾霾天气、经济、黄土高坡、绿洲、河西走廊2、三国、唐代、李白、现实主义、近体诗、宋词、说唱文学、文学、词牌3、古埃及、闪特米语系、达摩克利斯之剑、博弈、文化还有三个想不起来了,感觉整体偏重中国文化吧,还有里面的经济、文学什么的我都没解释太好,大家以后也要关注这些比较宏观、概念性的词语。
2014考研英语英语语法讲义
2014考研基础讲义之语法解绝真题课程目的:词汇+语法=句子+句子=文章,故有了语法,解决根本问题。
引言:语法的意义何在(什么是语法)(1997年翻译)On one view of rights, to be sure, it necessarily follows that animals have none.(2006年阅读4)happiness more often than not ends in sadness.(2012年翻译)Chomsky’s grammar should show patterns of language change that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it, whereas Greenbergian universality predicts strong co-dependencies between particular types of word-order relations.指导:如何解决考研语法:一个核心:三种残缺:两种顺序:五种从句:五种结构:一.语法核心——谓语(一个核心)1.谓语的意义:(2002 年阅读)Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher in the short term.2.谓语判断原则:提示记录区:动词分类1)2)3)英语时态语态一览表: 时间 状态 备注3.谓语判断举例:(1996年翻译)This trend began during the second World War, when several governments came to this conclusion that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail.二.非谓语动词(三种残缺) 1. 非谓语动词来源: 非谓语动词 谓语类型谓语来源残缺部分谓语含义非谓语翻译可做成分to do doing done done doing2. 非谓语动词举例: 1)做主语+宾语(2012年翻译)To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural behaviour arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.2)定语Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of example of the social cure in action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool.(2012年阅读TEXT1)4)状语Pledging to run Pilgrim safely, the company has applied for federal permission to keep it open for another 20 years.(2012年阅读TEXT2)提示记录区:简单句的成分提示记录区:done 和doing 作定语3. to do 的形式用法1)形式主语(2005年翻译)It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history.2)形式宾语:(2007年新题型)All these activities can prevent the growth of important communicationand thinking skills and make it difficult for kids to develop the kind of sustained concentration they will need for most jobs.3)that形式主语(2004年阅读TEXT2)It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories.4) 强调结构:(2009Text2)It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal (fatherly) wisdom –or at least confirm that he’s the kid’s dad.三.定语与状语(两种顺序)1. 定语成分与顺序1)定语成分一览表定语成分形容词名词代词分词不定式介词短语定语从句前置定语后置定语2)定语翻译举例举例一:(2011年text1)The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009.举例二:(1997年text5)Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as “steering th e economy toa soft landing” or “a touch on the brakes,” makes it sound like a precise science.提示记录区:定语翻译顺序2. 状语分类与顺序1. 状语分类状语分类时间地点原因目的条件让步结果比较方式代表句前分隔主谓之间句尾部分2. 状语成分状语成分状语举例状语位置3.状语的翻译中文状语语序:英语状语语序:4. 条件状语的真伪(虚拟语气)情况条件结果备注现在真实现在虚拟过去真实过去虚拟将来真实将来虚拟真题举例一:(2003年text1)Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War II and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information.41. The emergence of the Net has ________.[A] received support from fans like Donovan[B] remolded the intelligence services[C] restored many common pastimes[D] revived spying as a profession提示记录区:状语翻译顺序提示记录区:介词短语的作用四.五种从句1. 从句概念与分类2. 引导词A.关系代词B.关系副词3. 从句特征一览表从句类型特征引导词举例翻译方式主语从句宾(表)语从句定语从句同位语从句状语从句4. 定语从句的特殊性1)限定性定语从句He likes his father who gives money to him.2)有介词的定语从句举例一(2003年text3)It’s a theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroadsin the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail.举例二(2003年翻译)Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thussubjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.3)使用关系副词的定语从句举例三(2010年text1)It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty toimagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-citynewspapers.举例四(2010年翻译)In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason.五.五种结构1. 代词指代核心三原则:1. 2. 3.(2012年翻译)Chomsky’s grammar should show patterns of language change that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it, whereas Greenbergian universality predicts strong co-dependencies between particular types of word-order relations.2. 平行比较结构1)平行原则:1. 2.(1995年翻译)How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.2)比较原则:1. 2.(1995年翻译)Railroads typically charge such “captive” shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business.3. 省略(1)重复省略1.In Britain, more than half of public-sector workers but only about 15% of private-sector ones are unionized.(2012年TEXT4)2.The teachers’unions keep an eye on schools, the CCPOA on prisons and a variety of labor groups on health care.(2012年TEXT4)3.Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us butthe doubters insisted that we didn’t know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? (2005年TEXT2)(2)简洁省略A B C DB. European ministers instantly demanded that the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) do likewise.(2010年TEXT4)C.The company, a major energy supplier in New England, provoked justified outrage in Vermont last week when it announced it was reneging on a longstanding commitment to abide by the strict nuclear regulations.(2012年TEXT2)D.This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.(2012年TEXT1)4. 分隔结构(1)Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher in the short term.(2002 年阅读TEXT1)(2)Reform has been vigorously opposed, perhaps most egregiously in education, where charter schools, academies and merit pay all faced drawn-out battles. (2012 年阅读TEXT4)(3)And that’s the problem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends.(2012 年阅读TEXT1)5. 倒装结构1)部分倒装:a b c(1986年text1)Very rarely is a specialist capable of being an administrator.(2009年text3)Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.(1996年text5)And so it does -- and all would be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate.2)完全倒装:a. b. c.At the core of this debate was chairman Gerald Levin, 56, who took over for the late Steve Ross in 1992.(1997, passage 4)Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots. (1998passage 5)。
(最新整理)考研英语阅读全文翻译
2014考研英语阅读全文翻译编辑整理:尊敬的读者朋友们:这里是精品文档编辑中心,本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的,发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对,但是难免会有疏漏的地方,但是任然希望(2014考研英语阅读全文翻译)的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。
同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈,这将是我们进步的源泉,前进的动力。
本文可编辑可修改,如果觉得对您有帮助请收藏以便随时查阅,最后祝您生活愉快业绩进步,以下为2014考研英语阅读全文翻译的全部内容。
Text 1为了“让生活更美好”,减少“家庭的扶养”,英国财政部大臣George Osborn,提出了“为找工作提前支付工资”的计划。
只要到计算机化的就业服务中心找工作的人有VC-—网上找工作的注册书,并且开始找工作,那么他们有资格得到福利,然后他们应该每周做一次报告而不是每两周。
还有什么能比这个更合理?下面是更明显的合理性。
下来找工作者将会有七天对津贴的等待。
“最初的这些天应该用来找工作,而不是找注册地.”他还宣称“我们做这些是因为我们这会帮助那些没有福利的人并且让那些已经有福利的人更快地得到工作。
”帮助?真的吗?第一次听到这时,这就是一个关注社会的官员—-努力想让生活更美好,和一个对于新待业人员能很容易找到工作的宽松社会的“改革”,以及对懒惰的补贴.我们后来知道给他动力的是他对“基础公平”的热情——保护纳税人,控制支出,以及保证那些最需要的要求者得到他们的福利。
失去工作是让人伤心的:你不可能心里唱着歌跳着去就业服务中心,有着从一般状态翻番自己收入的愿景,并对此感到高兴。
失业是金融的恐怖,心理的尴尬,你知道得到的支持是最小的并且是非常难得到的.你现在是不被需要的;为你的生活提供目标和组织体系的工作环境已经把你排除在外了。
更糟糕的是,养活你自己和家人以及各种生活基本支出的经济来源断掉了。
对于最需要什么这个问题,那些新的失业者的答案总是两个字:工作。
英译汉的长句翻译拆分译法
分析:从译文中可以看出,由who引 导的定语从句被翻译成独立的句 子,并放在由主句译成的另一个 独立的句子前面。
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Part Four: Writing and Translation >> Translation
翻译:然后我们开始阅读小说。这些小说的主人公都像我们一 样,他们不得不遇到我们熟知的困难,或需要坚强勇气及 熟练技巧才能度过的特殊环境。
分析:英语原句中第一部分是主句,第二部分是关系代词 which引导的定语从句,翻译时把主句和从句在关系代词 处作了拆分。
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Part Four: Writing and Translation >> Translation
翻译:可能会有人认为本杰明的外貌容易让人这样 做,因为他是中国人,是我们在台湾收养的。 但是其他西方人也报道过类似的干预,他们 的孩子可是一点儿都不像中国人。
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Part Four: Writing and Translation >> Translation
2.定语从句的拆分
2.1 在关系代词处拆分
翻译:一些人也许会担心:这意味着一种性别比另一种性 别更优越。但稍稍思考一下,就清楚对此不必过分 担忧。
分析:英语原句是由转折连词but连接的并 列句,在译成汉语时,将两个并列 句译成了两个独立的句子。
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Part Four: Writing and Translation >> Translation
英语专业英译汉---第九章分句、合句法
waist, gazing in awed silence. • 8) I had others excited by what I saw and yet feeling
like a souvenir-hunter—— I decided to write. • 9) We drove to the south of France, taking turns with
the driving.
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• 9) We drove to the south of France, taking turns with the driving.
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Eg. I wrote four books in the first three years, a record never touched before.
我头三年写了四本书,打破了以往的记录。
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1)The station chief would have to be close to the director, a member of the inner circle.
分句法
(一)把原文中的Βιβλιοθήκη 个单词译成句子,使原文 的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。
(二)把原文中的一个短语译成句子,使原文 的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。
(三)把原文的一个句子拆开,译成两个或两 个以上的句子。
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高考英语复习分裂结构的翻译
分裂结构的翻译在一些较为复杂的英语句子中,特别是在一些长句中,经常有插入成分将句子的主—谓—宾关系隔开,或者出现割裂修饰(分割定语)的现象,造成理解和翻译上的困难。
进行英译汉时,应按照汉语习惯调整语序,将原意译出。
例如:We contend, however, that this shift from products to service, if it is to be fully leveraged as a driving force, requires a parallel transformation in the way organizations are conceptualized, structured and, most important, managed. 在这句话中,一共有三个分裂结构:1)主句中的however将动词contend与that引导的宾语从句分离;2)在宾语从句中,if条件句将从句的主语shift与其谓语部分requires…分离;3)插入成分“most important”将并列结构conceptualized,structured and managed分离。
经过辨认和分析这些分离结构后,就可以得出以下译文:然而,我们坚决主张,这种从产品到服务的转变,如果它作为驱力可以发挥杠杆作用,那么就需要在各种机构的概念、结构,更重要的是,在管理方面有相应的转变。
分裂结构有以下几种常见的模式:1)主谓(或部分谓语)分离。
例如:The evidence as to the vastness of the universe and the complexity of its arrangements continues to grow at an amazing rate.有关宇宙的广阔无垠和其组成复杂性的证据继续以惊人的速度增长。
(句中主语The evidence 与谓语continues分离。
2014考研英语复习分隔结构
2014考研英语复习分隔结构2014考研英语复习分隔结构【难句】1. Adding a Bluetooth chip to a phone now costs very little—around $2, down from $20 in 2001—but allows the manufacturer to increase the price of the handset by far more, and opens up a new market for high-margin accessories. (The Economist Jun. 8, 2006)【结构分析】本句是典型的破折号分隔。
首先以连词为切入点,得到Adding a Bluetooth chip to a phone now costs…but allows…, and opens up…,介词短语around $2, down from $20 in 2001充当的分隔成分作上文costs very little的具体解释说明,分隔了前两个并列的谓语。
【参考译文】在手机里添加一个蓝牙芯片的成本很低——从2001年时的20美元下降到2美元左右——但是可以允许制造者提高远远高出这个的价格,并且打开了一个高利润附件的市场。
【难句】2. It was refreshing, across the age groups of the children I met, to see how quickly they grasped the whole idea of human rights and how, with a little bit of prompting from their teachers and me, they saw how relevant they were to their daily lives. (The Guardian Sep. 12, 2007)【结构分析】本句使用了两处分隔,均由逗号表现。
考研英语英译汉难句分类辨析之分割结构
考研英语英译汉难句分类辨析之分割结构分割结构是英语表达中经常出现的一种句法,其作用是保持句子平衡,避免头重脚轻或为了语义严密,结构紧凑,将语法关系密切的两个句子成分(如主语和谓语)用其他句子成分分隔开来。
英语的分隔必须遵循两点:①尾重原则,即把长而复杂的成分放在句末;②句尾信息焦点原则,即把新信息、语义重点放在句尾。
例1In the Middle Ages widespread use was made of arguments from analogy, on the belief that the universe formed an ordered structure that the macrocosmic pattern of the whole is reproduced in the microcosmic pattern of parts so that it ispossible to draw inferences by analogy from one to the other.分析:虽然这个句子比较长,但我们首先要挑出此句的主、谓、宾。
这句话的谓语非常短,只有两个词:was made。
of arguments from analogy是use的定语。
正因为谓语短,定语长,为了句子的平衡,was made便插在use和它的定语之间,形成分隔结构。
on the belief:other是介词短语,作状语。
belief 后面有两个以that引导的同位语从句:that the universe:structure和that the microcosmic:of parts。
so that引导的是一个状语从句,表结果。
从结构来讲,该句可按原文顺序翻译。
分隔部分可以不管,只要把use转换成动词,把被动的was made转译成主动,即译成汉语的无主语句。
译文:在中世纪,广泛采用类推法的各种论点,这些论点基于下述观念,即宇宙形成一个有次序的结构,整体的宏观格局是部分微观格局的再现,因此,有可能通过类推法作出由此及彼的推断。
英汉翻译中的分译课件
(3)动词
9.We recognize and share China’s
resolve to resist the attempts of any nation which seeks to establish global or regional hegemony. 我们认识到中国决心抵抗任何国家寻求 建立全球霸权和地区霸权的企图, 我们 也有这样的决心。
trouble with his teeth. 他正患牙病,这是大家都看得出来 的。 4.The day dawned misty and overcast. 那天天亮时雾气很重,天上布满乌
云。
EXE
5.As
a shy young visitor to Einstein’s home, I was made to feel at ease when Einstein said,” I have something to show you.” 小时候有一次去爱因斯坦家作客,由 于 我很腼腆 ,他就对我说:“我有样东 西给你看。”于是我便感到不拘束了。
Anyone considering taking part in a work of
transformation of those forms of older art which seem to us in many ways unsatisfactory , so that they should be more in turn with the changing times , and anyone who does not quail at the prospect of seeking out new forms of expression for new materials and new building function , will find spiritual kinship,observing Borromini’s building.
英译汉中长难句的断句与表达
英译汉中长难句的断句与表达考研英语翻译是考研英语当中的一个重点模块,也是相当难得分的一个部分。
值得庆幸的是考试要求是英译汉,这要比汉译英简单很多。
英译汉是把一种语言承载的信息用另一种语言表达出来,是语法、修辞、逻辑、文化知识等的综合运用。
它大致上可以分为三个阶段:理解、表达、校核。
理解是表达的前提,要充分、准确、迅速地传达原文信息,译者首先要理解原文。
如果理解不准确,好的翻译就无从谈起。
为了攻克长难句,应该注意以下几点:应熟练掌握英语中的“五种基本句型”。
英语中,常见的五种基本句型:1主语+谓语谓语为不及物动词2主语+谓语谓语为及物动词+宾语3主语+谓语谓语为及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语4主语+谓语谓语为及物动词+直接宾语+间接宾语5主语+系动词+表语在考研英语翻译中,划线部分的句子大多是长难句,但是不管句子有多长,句子结构有多复杂,这些句子都能够回归到英语的“五种基本句型”上,即再复杂的句子,只要提炼出主干或主句,就对句子的基本框架有了一个总体的把握。
而这五种基本句型都必然包含一个谓语动词,所以谓语动词就是抓主干的突破口。
英语句子由短到长,主要借助于连词、介词、分词、非谓语动词等手段,其中连词主要是and,but等并列连词和what, which,who等从属连词。
换句话说,这些连词、介词、分词、非谓语动词等把句子分成了一个又一个的小意群,因而成了句子结构划分的拆分点。
特别是连词在句子由短变长方面的作用举足轻重,其中,并列连词把两个独立的分句连在了一起,从属连词把一个独立的分句与一个从句连接在了一起。
但是,不管是从句还是分句都有自己的谓语动词,具体说来,and, but连接的并列分句中的谓语动词都是主句谓语动词,而从属连词which,that, where 等所引导的从句中都各配备有一个属于从句的谓语动词。
所以,在长难句的分析过程中,只要我们找到了这些连词和主从句的谓语动词,句子结构就一目了然了。